Chemical Bonding & its Structure
Q1. This question is about different substances and their structures.
(a) Draw one line from each statement to the diagram which shows the structure.
Statement Structure
(b) Figure 1 shows the structure of an element.
Figure 1
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Chemical Bonding & its Structure
What is the name of this element?
Tick one box.
Carbon
Chloride
Nitrogen
Xenon
(c) Why does this element conduct electricity?
Tick one box.
It has delocalised electrons
It contains hexagonal rings
It has weak forces between the layers
It has ionic bonds
(d) Figure 2 shows the structure of an alloy.
Figure 2
Explain why this alloy is harder than the pure metal Y.
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(e) What percentage of the atoms in the alloys are atoms of X?
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(f) What type of substance is an alloy?
Tick one box.
Compound
Element
Mixture
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Chemical Bonding & its Structure
Q2.A student investigated the reaction of copper carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.
The student used the apparatus shown in the figure below.
(a) Complete the state symbols in the equation.
CuCO3 (.....) + H2SO4 (aq) → CuSO4 (aq) + H2O ( .... ) + CO2 (g)
(b) Why did the balance reading decrease during the reaction?
Tick one box.
The copper carbonate broke down.
A salt was produced in the reaction.
A gas was lost from the flask.
Water was produced in the reaction.
(c) Describe a safe method for making pure crystals of copper sulfate from copper carbonate
and dilute sulfuric acid. Use the information in the figure above to help you.
In your method you should name all of the apparatus you will use.
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(d) The percentage atom economy for a reaction is calculated using:
The equation for the reaction of copper carbonate and sulfuric acid is:
CuCO3 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O + CO2
Relative formula masses : CuCO3 = 123.5; H2SO4 = 98.0; CuSO4 = 159.5
Calculate the percentage atom economy for making copper sulfate from copper carbonate.
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Atom economy = ............................................ %
(e) Give one reason why is it important for the percentage atom economy of a reaction to be as
high as possible.
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[Link] is mixed with other metals to make jewellery.
The figure below shows the composition of different carat values of gold.
(a) What is the percentage of gold in 12 carat gold?
Tick one box.
12 % 30 % 50 %
(b) Give the percentage of silver in 18 carat gold.
Use the figure above to answer this question.
Percentage = .......................................................... %
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(c) Suggest two reasons why 9 carat gold is often used instead of pure gold to make jewellery.
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[Link] structures of four substances, A, B, C and D, are represented in Figure 1.
(a) Use the correct letter, A, B, C or D, to answer each question.
(i) Which substance is a gas?
(ii) Which substance is a liquid?
(iii) Which substance is an element?
(iv) Which substance is made of ions?
(b) Figure 2 shows the bonding in substance C.
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Chemical Bonding & its Structure
(i) What is the formula of substance C?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
SO2 SO2 S2O
(ii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
delocalised shared transferred
When a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom bond to produce substance C,
electrons are .........................................................................................
(iii) What is the type of bonding in substance C?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
covalent ionic metallic
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Chemical Bonding & its Structure
[Link] question is about salts.
(a) Salt (sodium chloride) is added to many types of food.
Sodium chloride is produced by reacting sodium with chlorine.
sodium + chlorine sodium chloride
The diagram shows what happens to atoms of sodium and chlorine in this reaction.
The dots (•) and crosses (×) represent electrons.
Only the outer electrons are shown.
Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine
atom to produce sodium chloride.
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(b) Lack of iodine can affect the learning ability of children.
One idea is that salt (sodium chloride) should have iodine added.
(i) Iodine consists of simple molecules.
What is a property of substances that have simple molecules?
Tick ( ) one box.
Have no overall electric charge
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Have high boiling points
Have giant covalent structures
(ii) Which one of the following questions cannot be answered by science alone?
Tick ( ) one box.
How much sodium chloride is in food?
What harm does a lack of iodine do?
Should iodine be added to salt in food?
Give one reason why this question cannot be answered by science alone.
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