Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. People livelihood and local economy of which one of the following was badly
affected by the disease
named Rinderpest
(a) Asia
(b) Europe
(c) Africa
(d) South America
Answer: c
2. Which of the following places was an important destination for indentured
migrants?
(a) Florida
(b) Melbourne
(c) Carribbean island
(d) Mexico
Answer: c
3. The group of powers collectively known as the Axis power during the Second World
War were:
(a) Germany, Italy, Japan
(b) Austria, Germany, Italy
(c) France, Japan, Italy
(d) Japan, Germany, Turkey
Answer: a
4. Who among the following is a Nobel Prize winner?
(a) V.S. Naipaul
(b) J.M. Keynes
(c) Shivnarine Chanderpaul
(d) Ramnaresh Sarwan
Answer: a
5. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the com laws?
(a) Restricted the import of corn to ; England
(b) Allowed the import of com to England
(c) Imposed tax on com
(d) Abolished the sale of com
Answer: a
6. Which of the following is the direct effect of Great Depression on Indian Trade?
(a) Peasants and farmers suffered.
(b) Indian exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934.
(c) Peasants’ indebtedness increased.
(d) Led to widespread unrest in rural India.
Answer: b
7. Which of the following enabled the Europeans to conquer and control the Africans?
(a) Victory in war
(b) Control over the scarce resource of cattle
(c) Death of Africans due to rinderpest
(d) Lack of weapons in Africa to fight against the Europeans
Answer: b
8. Who discovered the vast continent, later known as America?
(a) Vasco da Gama
(b) Christopher Columbus
(c) V.S. Naipaul
(d) None of these
Answer: b
9. Until 18th century which two countries were considered the richest in the world?
(a) India and China
(b) China and Japan
(c) England and France
(d) England and Italy
Answer: a
10. Why were the Europeans attracted to Africa?
(a) By its natural beauty
(b) By the opportunities for investment
(c) For its vast land resources and mineral wealth
(d) For recruitment of labour
Answer: c
11. Transport of perishable goods over long distance was possible because of
(a) improved railways
(b) airline services
(c) refrigerated ships
(d) steam ships
Answer: c
12. The World Bank was set-up to
(a) ¦nance rehabilitation of refugees.
(b) ¦nance post war construction.
(c) ¦nance industrial development.
(d) help third world countries.
Answer: b
13. Most Indian indentured workers came from:
(a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(b) North-eastern states
(c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) None of these
Answer: a
14. Who adopted the concept of an assembly line to produce automobiles?
(a) Henry Ford
(b) Karl Benz
(c) V.S. Naipaul
(d) Samuel Morse
Answer: a
15. The First World War was fought mainly in
(a) Asia
(b) Europe
(c) America
(d) Africa.
Answer: b
16. The geographical exploration in Africa was directly linked to
(a) Search for scientific information
(b) Imperial projects
(c) Vast land with rich resources
(d) Labour to work for plantations in America
Answer: b
17. From ancient times travellers travel long distances in search of
(a) Food
(b) Knowledge
(c) Peace
(d) Spiritual leaders
Answer: b
18. Common foods like potatoes, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet
potatoes were introduced in
(a) Europe
(b) China
(c) Africa
(d) Australia
Answer: a
19. 10,000,000 people died in Ireland between 1845-1849 due to
(a) potato famine
(b) epidemic
(c) foreign invasion
(d) drought
Answer: a
20. Thousands of people feed Europe for America in the 19th century due to
(a) poverty and widespread deadly diseases
(b) natural calamity
(c) outbreak of a war among nations
(d) outbreak of plague
Answer: a
21. Who worked in American plantations during the 18th century:
(a) Emigrants from Europe
(b) Slaves captured from Africa
(c) Unemployed population of America
Answer: b
22. Reason for decline of cotton textile export from India to Britain in the early 19th
century:
(a) imposition of tariff on cotton import into Britain.
(b) quality of cotton textile was poor.
(c) shortage of raw cotton in India.
(d) cotton producers had found other buyers.
Answer: a
23. When the export of cotton textile to Britain declined, India did not lose much.
Why?
(a) because demand for Indian cotton textile in America increased.
(b) because South-East Asian countries welcomed Indian cotton textiles.
(c) because India’s home market had adequate number of buyers for Indian textile.
(d) because China opened a market for Indian textile.
Answer: a
24. Give the correct reason for decline of household income in Europe after the First
World War:
(a) People’ stopped going to work, as they were scared of the war situation.
(b) Death and injuries had reduced the number of able bodied work force.
(c) Home governments had imposed heavier taxes.
(d) People could not go to work because they got busy with reorganization of their
households.
Answer: b
25. During the First World War women in Europe stepped into jobs which earlier men
were expected to do.
What was the reason?
(a) because men went to battle.
(b) because men went to other countries in search of jobs.
(c) because of liberalisation of women in society.
(d) because menfolk decided to take charge of the household work.
Answer: a
26. Which of the following did not take part in the First World War?
(a) Portugal
(b) Germany
(c) France
(d) England
Answer: a
27. In which country did the Great Depression start?
(a) Britain, 1929
(b) France, 1930
(c) USA, 1929
(d) Germany, 1929
Answer: c
28. Identify one aim of the post-war international economic system:
(a) To ensure economic stability of underdeveloped countries.
(b) To promote good health for the people of the world.
(c) Promotion of education worldwide.
(d) To preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world.
Answer: d
29. Who adopted the concept of assembly line to manufacture automobiles?
(a) T. Cuppola
(b) Henry Ford
(c) Samuel Morse
(d) Christopher Columbus
Answer: b
30. Name the place and the year of United Nations Monetary and Financial
Conference:
(a) China, 1911
(b) Tokyo, 1944
(c) Vietnam, 1939
(d) Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA, 1944
Answer: d
31. What was the outcome of Bretton Woods Conference? It led to the establishment
of:
(a) ILO (International Labour Organisation)
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) UNESCO, 1945
(d) FAO, 1945
Answer: b
32. Why did China become an attractive destination for Multi-National Companies?
(a) It had abundance of raw material.
(b) China was highly industrialised.
(c) Because wages were low in China.
(d) It had vast and thinly populated land suitable for setting up production units, etc.
Answer: c
33. From the mid-19th century, faster industrial growth in Britain led to:
(a) higher income.
(b) unemployment in rural Britain.
(c) migration of people to Britain.
(d) the arrival of women industrial workers.
Answer: a
34. Which of the following countries has an effective right of veto over key IMF and
World Bank decisions?
(a) France
(b) Australia
(c) Russia
(d) USA
Answer: d

II. Fill in the blanks:

35. The Chutney music was popular in ___________ and ___________ .

Explanation: Trinidad and Guyana
36. Before the war, ___________ was a major supplier of wheat in the world market.
Explanation: eastern Europe
37. The method used by Henry Ford for faster and cheaper automobile production was
known as
___________ .
Explanation: assembly line
38. ___________ travelled west from China to be called “Spaghetti’.
Explanation: Noodles
39. Tax imposed on a country’s imports from the rest of the world is called ___________
.
Explanation: tariff

III. Say True or False:

40. Peru was called the city of gold. (True/False)

Explanation: False
41. The silk route helped in cultural and commercial exchange. (True/False)
Explanation: True
42. Second World War did not result in economic devastation and social disruption.
(True/False)
Explanation: False
43. Britain was the world’s leading economy during the pre-First World War period.
(True/False)
Explanation: True
44. The IMF and the World Bank were designed to meet the ¦nancial needs of the
industrial countries.
(True/False)
Explanation: True
45. Match the columns.
Column A Column B
(a) Grcat depression (i) IMF and World Bank
(b) Hosay (ii) Group of developing countries
(c) Bretton Wood Institution (iii) Punjab
(d) Canal colonies (iv) Riotous carnival
(e) G-77 (v) Agricultural overproduction
Explanation:
(a) (v)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (iii)
(e) (ii)

IV. Answer the following:

46. Define globalisation.
Explanation:
Globalisation is defined as the free movement of people and goods across the nations.
47. Through which route the Early Christian missionaries travelled to Asia?
Explanation:
Early Christian missionaries travelled through the Silk Route.
48. Which food travelled west from China to be called spaghetti?
Explanation: Noodles
49. Name the crop that our ancestors did not know until about five centuries
ago?
Explanation:
Potato was not known to our ancestors until about ¦ve centuries ago.
50. The introduction of which crop led the European poor to eat better and
live longer?
Explanation: Potato
51. What is ‘El Dorado’ in South America famous for?
Explanation:
‘El Dorado’ was an imaginary land of great wealth, the fabled city of gold.
52. Which European country first conquered America?
Explanation:
The Spanish first conquered America.
53. Which powerful weapon was used by Spanish to conquer America?
Explanation:
Germs of smallpox were used by the Spanish to conquer America.
54. Which two factors were responsible for the price rise of food grains in
Britain in the late eighteenth century?
Explanation:
Growth in population and restrictions on the import of food grains
55. What were Canal Colonies?
Explanation:
The settlements of peasants from other parts of Punjab on the areas irrigated by
canals.
56. Why were big European powers meet in Berlin in 1885?
Explanation:
To complete the division of Africa among themselves
57. Name two countries that made vast addition to their overseas territories
in the late 19th century.
Explanation: Britain and France
58. Name any two new colonial powers of the late 19 century?
Explanation:
Belgium, Germany and US
59. What was an unexpected problem before the Europeans who came to
Africa in the late 19th century?
Explanation:
A shortage of labour willing to work for wages.
60. What changes were made by the European employees in the inheritance
laws in Africa?
Explanation:
Only one member of the family was allowed to inherit land.
61. What was rinderpest?
Explanation:
Rinderpest was a kind of cattle plague.
62. How rinderpest arrived in Africa in the late 1880’s?
Explanation:
It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the Italian soldiers
invading Enitrea in
East Africa.
63. What is indentured labour?
Explanation:
It is a bonded labour who had agreed under contract to work for an employer for a
speci¦c period and to
pay his passage to a new country or home.
64. From which regions of India did the indentured workers come?
Explanation:
Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Central India and the dry districts of Tamil Nadu.
65. What was the role of the recruiting agents in exploiting the indentured
workers?
Explanation:
They exploited the indentured workers by giving false information about their ¦nal
destinations, modes of
travel, the nature of the work and living and working conditions.
66. What was ‘Hosay’?
Explanation:
The Muharram procession in Trinidad turned into an annual riotous carnival called
Hosay (for Imam
Hussain).
67. Who popularised Rastafarianism?
Explanation:
Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley
68. What was Chutney music?
Explanation:
It is an expression of post-indenture experience.
69. Which West-Indies cricketers trace their roots to indentured labour
migrants from India?
Explanation:
Ramnaresh Sarwan and Shivnarine Chanderpaul
70. Who were ‘Coolies’?
Explanation:
Descendants of Indian indentured labourers were often referred to as ‘Coolies’ in
Trinidad.
71. Name two groups of bankers and traders who financed export
agriculture in Central and Southeast Asia.
Explanation:
Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars
72. In 1820s, India was the single largest exporter of which commodity?
Explanation: Opium
73. How did Britain finance its tea and other imports from China?
Explanation:
By exporting opium grown in India to China.
74. What is meant by trade surplus?
Explanation:
Trade surplus means higher value of exports than the value of imports.
75. What were the ‘home charges’?
Explanation:
Home charges were the interest payments on India’s external debt, pensions of British
o¨cials in India and
other payments.
76. Who were the ‘Allies’ during the First World War?
Explanation:
During the First World War the Allies were Britain, France and Russia. They were, later
joined by the United States.
77. Name the member nations of Central Powers.
Explanation:
Germany, Austria – Hungary and Turkey
78. How did the ¦rst world war lead to an economic boom?
Explanation:
It increased demand and production of goods and also generated employment.
79. What was mass production? Who was the pioneer of mass production?
Explanation:
Production of goods on a large scale was known as mass production which began in
the late nineteenth
century. Henry Ford was the pioneer of mass production.
80. Who was Henry Ford?
Explanation:
Henry Ford was a well-known car manufacturer. He adopted the ‘assembly line’
system in the ¦eld of car
manufacture for the ¦rst time.
81. What was the ‘hire purchase’ system?
Explanation:
Hire purchase system means purchase on credit, repaid in weekly or monthly
instalments.
82. During the Great Depression, why was the agricultural sector worst
affected?
Explanation:
Because the fall in the agricultural prices was greater and more prolonged than in the
prices of industrial
goods.
83. Which movement was launched by Gandhiji during the Great Depression
of 1929?
Explanation:
Civil Disobedience movement
84. Who were the Allies during the Second World War?
Explanation:
The Allies consisted of Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the US during the Second
World War.
85. What was the main aim of post-war international economic system?
Explanation:
To preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world.
86. Why was the International Monetary fund established?
Explanation:
To deal with external surpluses and de¦cits of its member nations.
87. What w as the Bretton Woods System?
Explanation:
It was post-war international economic system.
88. Name any two world institutions which were established under the
Bretton Woods.
Explanation:
The IMF and the World Bank.
89. Which country enjoys an effective right of veto over key IMF and World
Bank decisions?
Explanation: US