SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Section 3
CLASSIFICATION OF DISCRETE TIME
SIGNALS
Classification of Discrete-Time Signals
Both continuous-time and discrete-time signals are further classified as follows:
1. Deterministic and random signals
2. Periodic and non-periodic signals
3. Energy and power signals
4. Causal and non-causal signals
5. Even and odd signals
Periodic and Non-periodic Signals
- A signal which repeats itself at regular intervals of time is called a periodic signal.
- A signal which does not repeat at regular intervals of time is called a non-periodic
or aperiodic signal.
Periodic and Non-periodic Signals
Example:
Determine whether the following signals are periodic or not. If periodic, determine
the fundamental period.
Periodic and Non-periodic Signals
Periodic and Non-periodic Signals
Periodic and Non-periodic Signals
Energy and Power Signals
Energy and Power Signals
Energy Signal → non periodic E : Finite P : zero
Power Signal → periodic E : inFinite p : Finite
Energy and Power Signals
Solution:
• As 1 + r + r2 + r3 + r4 + ….. + rn = 1 / 1 - r
Energy and Power Signals
Solution:
Energy and Power Signals
Solution:
Causal and Non-causal Signals
Causal and Non-causal Signals
Example:
Find which of the following signals are causal or non-causal.
Causal and Non-causal Signals
Solution:
Even and Odd Signals
▪ Any signal x(n) can be expressed as sum of even and odd components.
x(n)= xe(n) + xo(n)
▪ A discrete-time signal x(n) is said to be an even (symmetric) signal if it
satisfies the condition: x(n) = x(-n) for all n
▪ A discrete-time signal x(n) is said to be an odd (anti-symmetric) signal if it
satisfies the condition: x(-n) = -x(n) for all n
Even and Odd Signals
▪ Prove that:
Even and Odd Signals
▪ Prove that:
Even and Odd Signals
Example:
Find the even and odd components of the following signals.
Even and Odd Signals
solution: (b)
Even and Odd Signals
solution: (c)
