INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

A&A CONSTRUCTION GROUP

SUMITTED BY:

Zoya Maqsood.

ROLL NUMBER:

000013

SESSION:

2017-2021

BBA PART-II

School of Advance Business & Commerce

1
 Affiliated with

University of the Punjab Lahore

2
 List of Contents

Acknowledgment 4

Executive Summary 5

Mission 6

Vision 6

Introduction 7

Message of MID 8

Mission and Vision 8

Our Term 8

Our Products 9

Construction Management 13

Projects of AA Construction 16

List of Major Clients 19

Key Abilities of Engineering Subjects 20

Site works 21
Administrator Works 21
EAVALUATION AND CRITIQUE 23
Specific Job Information 24
Recommendations 30
What I Learned 35
SWOT Analysis 36
Conclusion 40
References 41

3
 Acknowledgement

Successful wrapping up of any course requires support from various personnel and I was lucky
to have that support, course, and supervision in every aspect from my teacher, AA Construction
and friends.

Internship remained a great experience for me as it supplemented a lot to my knowledge.

However wrapping up of the Internship Report was not an easy task. It requires nonstop hard
work and enthusiasm. There are many people who contributed a lot to this report and completion
of this report would have not been possible without the support of all these people, my respected
teachers, my friends and my well-wishers.

First of all I would like to thank beyond measure grace and deep kindness of the Almighty Allah,
then my teachers for their great support they have always given me, Sultania personnel for the
their and encouragement and last but not the least my parents because without them I would have
been nothing.

4
 Executive Summary

AA Construction Company in a short period of less than 5 years has championed quality
declaration and customer satisfaction to appear as one of the top middle level construction
company in Pakistan.
AA Construction Company currently dealing in:
1. Residential Construction (Houses)
2. Commercial Construction (Plazas)
3. Communication (Roads)
4. PHE (water supply & sewerage system)
5. Bridges
6. Real Estate (property)

During the internship I work in admin and procurement department from where I learn a lot.
Like how to manage the humane resource, how to manage the documents, how market
demand can Easily full filled, how producers can reduce his production cost and how to coordinate
with other Departments. .
Main purpose of the internship was to extract practical knowledge by working in
adynamic organization in order to apply the knowledge acquired during BBA program. This
Report includes overall condition of construction sector, construction sector in Pakistan
introduction of company, departments of company in depth analysis of the organization

5
and carries strategies which have been evaluated to analyze the current position of the
organization.

I have evaluated the organization by doing SWOT analysis, PESTAL analysis and other
marketing strategies. I am sure this report will endow you with a clear image of organization

MISSION STATEMENT
“To provide superior construction works and value-added services, that build sustainable
customer relationships in the construction and related areas.”

VISION STATEMENT.

‘’AA Construction Works strives to be the preferred partner for customers seeking the best value
service in a market that increasingly demands quality and cost effective execution.’’

AA Construction is considered by some a small company, but many can vouch that our
undertakings have been extraordinary. This helps us to be more focused on what we do and we
consider ourselves to be proud with what we achieved so far.

6
 INTRODUCTION:

A & A Company is operating as a Construction company in the state of Qatar (established in

2016).A&A Company is specialized in providing turnkey solutions in construction and industry
engineering. Client satisfaction has always been the ethos of the company. This is achieved by
the combination of excellent service, finish quality, compliance with Health safety &
environment best practice and site rules, professional team and excellent relation with its client.
To be highly successful in the competitive Qatari market and to sustain the competitive
advantage, A&A launched the implementation of a new information technology platform which
serves as ERP and project collaboration tool. With over 12years experience within the Insurance
industry working alongside top Contractor Management companies, Loss Adjusters and leading
Insurance Companies, our team use this experience to provide a premium service to both
Insurers and customers, making an insurance claim process as stress free as possible without
compromising quality of workmanship. A&A Construction also undertake contractual
maintenance and refurbishment works for local authorities, housing associations and architects
and have earned an enviable reputation in these fields. We have a large fleet of sign written
vehicles, of which all contain tracker systems to enable easy location of all trades. All employees
are recognizable wearing our logo work wear or uniform and carry Identification.

7
 Message of MD:

Over the past few years the state of Qatar witnessed and was blessed with unprecedented growth
in the country pursuit of progress. The growing economy fueled the development of various
sectors, among which the construction .As a Construction company, A&A was established on the
basis of Integrity, Honesty, Trust commitment to quality & safety. A&A is committed to a steady
growth along with our long term vision which comes in line with Qatar National Vision 2030.

MISSION AND VISION STATMENT:

Our strategic objectives for the upcoming few years is regional and international expansion. For
A&A, Quality, Occupational Health Safety and Environment are among the most important
concerns. Accordingly, we have established an integrated management system to ensure that
those highly sought requirements are being met at all levels of our organizations. We at A&A,
take pride in our achievements which we attribute to the dedication of our staff, whose
exceptional skills and expertise are the key value of our company success.

OUR TEAM:

We have assembled a team of dedicated, dynamic highly skilled individuals. Their varied
backgrounds ensure that we have the right people to lead your project. The vast knowledge of
our team brings insight experience to the unique needs of individual projects.

8
 OUR PRODUCTS:

With a wide range of services that suits your every need and requirement, our team has the
know-how and expertise to get done what you need to be done in an efficient and timely manner.

Whether you building needs are large or small, from simple repairs to commercial build-outs,
AA Construction Works offers the services needed to complete whatever job is required.

Building isn’t just a job. At AA Construction Works, it is our passion. With every project we
undertake, we set the bar high and provide the best people in the industry, with a true love of
what we do to make our Customers’ vision a reality.

From inception to completion, we use the latest techniques and technologies to make sure that
the project stays on point and on budget.

The following is a Complete of our services that we offer:

CRANE HIRE SERVICE.

 HIGH UP HIRE SERVICE
 SKID LOADER HIRE SERVICES
 MINI EVCAVATOR HIRE SERVICE
 DUMPER HIRE SERVICE
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
 CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS
 BUILDING ALTERATIONS
 POOL CONTRACTORS
 TURN-KEY PROJECTS

9
 CONCRETE LAYING AND FINISHING
 HARD LANDSCAPING
 ALL TYPES OF EXCAVATION WORK
 DEMOLITION

CRANE HIRE SERVICE.

Then, it will certainly be wise for you to get crane hire services from… and he was wanting to
know more about crane hire services.

HIGH UP HIRE SERVICE.

Call Mark high-up service for great prices on crane & hoist hire! ...When you
choose to make use of our crane and hoist hire services we seek to…

SKID LOADER HIRE SERVICE.

A skid loader is a versatile machine used to dig, collect, lift and move material.
Particularly dirt and sand, and also grade, jackhammer cement and load trucks. ..
The loader arms are usually operated with hydraulics which allows the bucket or
any other attachment to lift either vertically or radially.

MINI EXCAVATOR HIRE SERVICE.

Excavator hire from Better Rentals includes Free Cleaning and more. All our … 1 and 1.5 tone
Mini Excavator Hire with a Trailer. View more … Emergency Service? Problem with a … And
what is doesn’t:

DUMPER HIRE SERVICE.

10
Our dumper hire service includes a wide range of different dumpers that are suitable for a wide
range of different jobs. If you are unsure what size dumper you will need to ensure all your waste
and rubbish can be removed then don’t worry because at A1 Plant Hire we can help.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from
manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without
a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client.

CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS.

Contracting civil engineers implement and oversee the construction projects that are designed
and planned by consulting civil engineers. Essentially, these guys are the technical project
managers on construction sites, who oversee the hands on technical work and actually get things
done and dusted.

BUILDING ALTERATIONS.
An alteration is a variation made in the language or terms of a legal document that affects the
rights and obligations of the parties to it. When this occurs, the alteration is material and the
party who did not consent to the change can be released from his or her duties under the
document by a court.

POOL CONTRACTORS.
The team at nature can help with the design, construction & operation of commercial pools. We
can manufacture & supply high-quality equipment needed for your aquatic project. Experienced
Consultants. Trusted for over 45 Years.

TURN-KEY PROJECTS.
A Turnkey, a turnkey project, or a turnkey operation (also spelled turn-key) is a type of project
that is constructed so that it can be sold to any buyer as a completed product. .. Turnkey is treated
as merely signifying the design responsibility as the contractors.

11
 CONCRETE LAYING AND FINISHING.
A concrete finisher is a skilled tradesperson who works concrete by placing, finishing, protecting
and repairing concrete in engineering and construction projects. Concrete finishers are often
responsible for setting the concrete forms, ensuring they have the correct depth and pitch.

HARD LANDSCAPING.
The term hard landscape is used by practitioners of landscape architecture and garden design to
describe the construction materials which are used to improve a landscape by design.

TYPES OF EXCAVATION WORK ALL.

Larger scale excavation works will require heavy plant such as bulldozers and back actors. For
more information, see Excavation plant. 1-Topsoil excavation 2-Earth excavation 3- Rock
excavation 4- Muck excavation 5- Unclassified excavation.

DEMOLITION.
Demolition, or razing, is the science and engineering in safely and efficiently tearing down of
building and other man-made structures. Demolition contrasts with deconstruction, which
involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for reuse purposes.

12
 Construction Management

The historical approach to education by institutions previously known as Technikons is

practical and outcomes-based, with the intent that their graduates are immediately employable
and productive. A key component that ensures this productivity is the inclusion into technikon
programmes of periods of experiential learning spent in industry (Haupt 2003). This
collaborative approach to education, also known as co-operative education, has 3 stakeholders
namely, the academic institution, industry and students. Co-operative education includes periods
of academic study alternating with a period of related work experience designed to prepare the
student well for the class-to-work transition. For this goal to be reached it is necessary that
universities of technology offer relevant training to adequately prepare their graduates for the
world of work. It is believed that the separation between practical and academic work results in a
division in the mind of students rather relating the theory to the application that reinforces the
basic concepts as taught in the classroom. There are few studies, if any, that evaluate the
relationship between construction theory as taught in the classroom and construction practice in
the field from students’ perspectives. In attempting to respond to the concerns of whether
students in the discipline of construction management are adequately prepared for their future
careers, this paper reports on the findings of a study that examined the attitudes of students at
higher education institutions regarding their experiences of transferring theory to the workplace
as well as their views on the course content of their programs. In the main the findings of the
present study echo international experiences relative to Educational Offerings and Experiential
Learning with respect to, for example
 The effective use of communication
 Problems and Concerns
 The definition of learning outcomes for experiential learning
 Quality assurance of placement (year out) learning
 The requirements of professional bodies

13
 Relevance of Construction Management Courses
 Relevancy of Civil Engineering Courses
 Importance of Construction Management Skills
 Importance of Civil Engineering Skills
CLARIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Neither the SETA nor any other related South African legislation offers any guidance or
clarification on the definitions and scope of experiential learning and co-operative education.
Both these terms and concepts are important in the context of delivering on the project brief of
the improvement of educational offerings of educational offerings and experiential training in
Construction Management and Civil Engineering at Universities of Technology.

Construction Manager
The Construction Manager needs competence in procurement, controlling delivery and
commissioning, and awareness of design and briefing skill areas. “Construction managers plan
and coordinate construction projects. They have job titles such as constructor, construction
superintendent, general superintendent, project engineer, project manager, general construction
manager, or executive construction manager. They many plan and direct a whole project or just
part of a project” From the above sourced definitions, it is clear that there is a common thread of
the construction managers to direct and monitor the progress of construction activities,
sometimes through construction supervisors or other construction managers. For the purpose of
this project, a “construction manager” will be defined as “the person who possesses the advanced
expertise in the theory and practice of management relating to the construction procurement
process and construction organisation as a business enterprise and therefore must be able to
manage both the business of construction as well as one or more construction projects”.

Civil Engineer
Civil engineers must be able to work in teams, communicate well, work from a system approach,
and within the context of ethical, political, international, environment, and economical
considerations. Consequently, civil engineers are required to have a broad-based undergraduate
education”

14
Civil Engineering
“Civil Engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering concerned with designing,
building, or repairing of roads, bridges, tunnels, and other public works.”

Co-operative Education
Working together of industry and the education institution, in a process in which academic study
is integrated with work experience in order to benefit both the students and industry. This term is
used by the TUT sector to describe the integration of productive work into the career-focused
curriculum

Construction Management
“The application of advanced expertise in the theory and practice of management relating to the
construction procurement process and the construction organization as a business enterprise
(cited in Haupt, et al., 2004) and thus the management of the business of construction as well as
one or more construction projects”.

15
 Projects Of AA Constructions

Marine Works
During the past decade A.A. Associates has carried out complete pre-design investigations
including hydrographic and bathymetric survey, coastal studies, wind studies and geotechnical
investigations related to the design of marine structures. The design office of the company is
fully equipped to carry out the analysis and design of marine structures including dedicated
berths, jetties, wharves, quay walls, access bridges, cofferdams, bulkheads, dry docks and related
infrastructure facilities.

Some of the relevant prominent works are:

 Design Review & Construction Supervision Services for Reconstruction of Jetties at Baba &
Bhit Islands
 Feasibility Study in Connection with Rehabilitation / Reconstruction of China Creek Bridge
No. 04 over Sea on Kemari-Karachi Section
 Design Engineering and Construction Supervision Services for the Civil works related to
Frigate Construction Project (Package - I)
 Design Engineering Services for Marine Civil works related to Rehabilitation of Dry Dock 1
and 2 (Package - II)
 Design Engineering Services for Marine Civil works related to Installation of Ship Lift and
Transfer system and associated parking Bays for ships and submarines at KSEW (Package -
III)
 Repair and Rehabilitation of Structural Members of Dry Dock No. 2 and Pump House of Dry
Dock No. 1
 Design of Bridge connecting deep draft Berth with Manora and Bridge connectivity with
Cargo Village
 Conversion of Berths into Cargo terminal (Initial Study)

16
 Rehabilitation of Naval Dockyard Quay Wall (Investigation)
 Preparation of Ship Drawings for alternative design of Jetties and other marine structures

Bridge Projects
 DESIGN, IMPROVEMENT WIDENING AND BLACK TOPPING OF MEGA ROAD
PROJECT ADP NO. 635 (PACKAGE, 229 KM IN SWA)
 DESIGN OF FIVE (05) BRIDGES ON GILGIT - SKARDU ROAD
 UP-GRADATION AND RELOCATION OF KARAKORUM HIGHWAY FOR BASHA
DAM PROJECT
 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF BRIDGE OVER RIVER JHELUM AT
AZAD PATTAN
 NEW KHAIRABAD BRIDGE ON THE INDUS
 QUAID-E-AWAN FLYOVER KARACHI
 BRIDGE OVER CHANAB AT SAMAN DEWNA
 BRIDGE OVER CHANAB AT MOHAMMADWAL
 BRIDGE OVER RIVER INDUS BETWEEN LARKANA AND KHAIRPUR
 NEW TALIBWALA BRIDGE
 BRIDGES FOR SUKKUR BYPASS PROJECT
 BRIDGES FOR HYDERABAD BYPASS PROJECT
 31 BRIDGES ON N-5 CHABLAT-NOWSHERA SECTION
 BRIDGE OVER CHENAB AT CHINIOT
 TALIBWALA BRIDGE ON CHENAB RIVER
 BRIDGE OVER CHENAB AT WAZIRABAD
 MEHRAN RAILWAY BRIDGE ON THE INDUS-DEEP WATER PIERS
 KHAIRABAD BRIDGE
 BRIDGE ON RIVER INDUS AT PATTAN

17
 Industrial Projects
 BENAZIR BHUTTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AT ISLAMABAD - DEPARTURE
LOUNGE BRIDGES
 FATIMA FERTILIZER – SADIQABAD – LIME STORAGE SHED, DEHUMIDIFICATION
PLANT, CAN-3 SUBSTATION, etc.
 CASUAL SPORTS (PLOT - A & PLOT - B)
 DAWLANCE (PVT.) LTD. AT KARACHI
 DAWLANCE UNITED REFIG. INDUST. AT HYD. - UNDERGROUND WATER TANK
 FAISAL HANIF/FAIZA FAISAL HANIF - CONSTRUCTION OF GODOWN AT PORT
QASIM
 FATIMA FERTILIZER - CONSULTANCY FOR REVIEW OF EXISTING BUILDING
FOUNDATION
 FRIENDSHIP (FEROZE) DAIRY AT HUB DISTRICT LASBELLA
 M. A. PROTEAN
 MR. FAISAL HANIF SHARIF SOLVENT PLANT (PVT.) LTD.
 NHA TAILER INSPECTION SHED
 NISHAT 6 MW COAL POWER PLANT LAHORE
 NISHAT DAIRY FARM NEAR SUKHEKI
 PHILIP MORIS FACTORY AT SAHIWAL
 RIZWAN ENTERPRISES - MILL BUILDING (WEAVING UNIT)
 SHEKHANI INDUSTRIES MARIPUR ROAD S.I.T.E. KARACHI
 SHELL LUBE 02 – WAREHOUSE
 TGL LIMITED (LOOM SHED) AT S.I.T.E. KARACHI
 WAREHOUSE (GADANI)
 WAREHOUSE (SUPPER HIGHWAY)

18
 List Of Major Clients
1. Regalia (Pvt.) Landhi Town Karachi
2. Alingar AlkozaiConstruction Co.
3. Artistic Apparel
4. Artistic Fashion
6. Birk Peck Pak (Pvt.) Ltd., Plot No. 463, S.I.T.E., Karachi.
8. Communication and Works Deptt. B & R Lasbella
9. Crafters Paper Industry
10. Dewchem Engineering Ltd.
11. District Government of Kashmore at Kandhkot Roads Deptt.
12. Etihad Sugar Mill Ltd.
13. Friendship textile Mills (Pvt.) Ltd.
14. Hyderabad Development Package - Hyderabad
15. Idrees Textile Mills Ltd.
16. IJM Construction Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
17. Indigo Textile (Pvt.) Ltd.
18. JDW Sugar Mills Ltd.
22. Meat & Meat Co. (Pvt.) Ltd. at Karachi
23. Mohammad Rafiq & Co. (Pvt.) Ltd.
24. Mujahid Industries Ltd.
25. Mukalla Iron & Steel Company
26. Muridke 234 MW CCPP
27. Naveena Export (Pvt.) Ltd.
28. Naveena Industries (Pvt.) Ltd. Rahimyar Khan
29. Nishat Group of Companies
31. NTP Gelatine (Pvt.) Ltd.
32. Pioneer Spinning Mills Ltd.
33. Provincial B & R Division Killa Abdullah
34. Provincial Highway Division

19
35. Provincial Highway Division MirpurKhas
36. Qasim International Container Terminal
37. Rajbi Textile
39. Royal Pharmaceutical Factory at Port Qasim (Royal Group)
40. Saadullah Khan Bros. (SKB)
42. Sindh Industries (Pvt.) Ltd.
44. Tulip Towel

Key Abilities of Engineering Subjects

 Business Management;
 Accounting and Financial Ability;
 Project Management;
 Quality; and
 Marketing.
There is a requirement for Key Skills (often referred to as generic or genral transferable skills) -
skills in communication, using information technology, team working, time management, and
appropriateunderstanding of the legislative and environmental framework in which the engineering
process is executed. Business Management ability includes the use and management of resources,
particularly people; Accounting and Financial ability represents another important aspect of the
desirability of a Civil Engineer, whilst successful Project Management requires the disciplined
organisation of activities and resources. All of the activities in the engineering cycle must be
performed with due regard to Quality - ranging from Quality Management Systems (QMS) in place,
arrangements for Quality Assurance and Control (QAC), to the Quality Standards used in commerce
and industry. Finally, Marketing - Marketing is about finding out what the customer wants, and then
providing it. It is thus inextricably linked to Engineering.

Site works

20
Checking site work to ensure compliance with specification and drawings

Inspecting construction site to monitor progress and ensure conformance to engineering plans,
specifications, and construction standards

Direct supervision of the masons to ensure good performance

, stay with the construction schedule and maintain quality of work and standards

Managing construction activities at project site

Overseeing the work and making sure it runs smoothing and plan

Making sure company rule followed by crew

Giving over directions to workers as to what needs to be done to avoid repetitive mistake by the
workers

Administrative works
Check design and auditing drawing

Control site work quality

Manage workers.

Through our internship duration in the company, we would like to thank our supervisors for their
kind help guiding and giving orientation in each activity before we start practicing the main
activities. Without help of our supervisor, we wouldn’t have achieve the knowledge and experiences
we have gained now.

Our supervisor helps us by;

1. Guiding and giving orientation in each activities

2. Brief description of what will be done in each activity

3. Reacting politely to our questions

4. Providing an access of materials as much as possible.

21
 5. Give us new engineering tasks and monitoring our progress

As organization consists workers with different; educational back ground, ethnic back ground,
religion and characters, and longtime our stay with Betret International construction PLC as intern
has helped us to develop;

- Communication skill - Efficiency

- Team work - Performance quality
- Report writing skill - Job satisfaction
- On site work skills - Accuracy
- Punctuality etc…

We also worked hard so far to create value and apply our competence, motivation and work skills

to make a strong contribution to Addis-Adama Motor way Construction Company .

EAVALUATION AND CRITIQUE

22
 Every person may have his own career goal, but achieving these career goals depends on how each
person is closer to his/her goal. As our being a civil engineering students and the field is a vast field,
we weren’t even sure on which field we have to work whether building, construction, water or
highway. Through this internship program, our career goal become specific and comes to our right
decision to be what we want.

In this field, the real learning happens only when we do it by ourselves. Civil engineering internships
ensure that interns get to learn the basics by doing and assisting senior engineers on real projects. It
is a vital for all engineering field to see actual engineering processes, understand the practice of the
working on the site and the limitation. It also helps to learn new engineering skills to outline
academic qualification and working experiences. Practical experience gained during the internship
can be as importance as the grades in engineering courses. But with the hands on training, we can
learn how to apply theoretical knowledge to our surrounding environment. For those who are eager
to know design, construction and supervision of the real civil engineering project, internship
program is the best way to help students to change their theoretical back ground they have in
university to practical knowledge and also to work effectively after graduation without frustration
i.e. develop self confidence.

Student will pay attention and follow their day to day activities when the internship has value/
credit and the department supervisors check what the students are doing every month, not once with
in internship duration and the students have to report monthly what they did.

Hand calculation of projects whether it is building design, road design or other civil engineering
projects are time consuming and become impractical without the use of computer programs with
respect to time. Even though, we know the principles and ideas behind design and drawing, we have
to be familiar with computer programs.

23
 SPECIFIC JOB INFORMATION
The specific job information we have been working on each department are:

Site supervision

In our stay in this project, we have gained a lot of the knowledge and skill participating in all
activities with the help of our supervisor from entrance day up to end of internship. The main
activities we have learned in this site vision are:

Major activities in this road construction are;

 Clearing and grubbing of unnecessary materials i.e top soils

 Earth work including sub grade preparation
 Capping layer placing
 Culvert construction
 Site work quality control
 Material selection or road construction

Tests

 Identifying types of test conducting at site

 Identifying procedure of each test
 Carrying out test conducted

Laboratory test

 The main contractor conducts this test by itself at its main branch in Bushoftu and sometimes
in Addis Ababa, so we didn’t get chance to see this test.

a) Compaction test or proctor test

After compaction is done the density should a minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density that

24
brought in laboratory. These tests performed by using sand-cone equipment. It depend on station.

- 1.65CBR for fill section

- 1.32CBR for road bed
- 1.59 CBR for cut section

b) California bearing ratio test

 Used to evaluate strength of the sub grade for the pavement thickness design
 Depend on the station it has different values.

Field test

We have seen how this test operated in the field. Some amount of soil is taken from each layer to
measure its density, using sand cone method test.

The activity performed daily

- Clay material placing

- Compaction
- Excavation of soft material
- Clay and Red ash soil material preparation
- Material mix
- Excavation of hard core
- Waste away

LAYERS OF THE ROAD

25
 Natural soil

On which the pavement structure is laid on, if the organic materials are in excess first clearance of
the site is necessary, first cleared, remove top soil and excavate the soil. Deep of removing is from
15cm to 20cm.

Capping layer: Is the layer in which, if the sub grade materials used are and poor quality, so
capping layer which is cheap, but strong one is used to cap the weak sub grade, in this way, the
thickness of expensive sub grade is not required to be increased.

Used to strength the sub grade, but also protect the road formation during construction.

It protects the sub grade from weathering such as wetting, thickness 30cm by two 1ayers.

Sub grade

 Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure.

 It should possess sufficient stability under adverse climate and loading conditions.
 The desirable properties of soil as a highway material are:
1. Stability
2. Incompressibility
3. Permanency of strength
4. Minimum changes in volume and stability under adverse conditions of weather and
ground water
5. Good drainage

From the main work carried out by this project, the sub grade takes the major part. Sub grade is an
integral part of the road pavement structure and it should possess sufficient stability under adverse
climate condition. The material used to construct it is different from station to station for earth work
and structural parts, this means different in type, quality proportionality and etc. And also its depth
varies from place to place; it very deep at gorge and small at normal ground level. Its compaction
performed for each 20cm thickness layer. The compaction intended to equipment type, soil depth,

26
soil type and number of travel under selected condition. It’s advised to light after heavy, slow after
fast. Always check the water content and density in order to achieve the required degree of
compaction requirements.

Materials proportionality at different station:

1. For sub grade – selected soil.

2. For gorge – clay soil with water
3. For around structure - 5 red ash soil and 3 clay soil with water
4. For capping layer – 4 clay soil and 2 red ash soil

But if there is no required soil type, a crushed stone and soil is mixed proportionally with water by
grader to replace required material.

And also we take participation in the site how equipment operates the given work within given
time. The equipment in the operation was: loader, dozer, damp trucker, water trucker, excavator,
roller and etc.

Sub-base materials

Is the layer of aggregate material laid on the sub grade on which the base course layer is located; it
is main load bearing layer of the pavement. Its role is to spread the load evenly over the sub grade.

Materials used; unbound granular materials such as crushed stone with sand.

Machineries used; compactor used to achieve the required depth of sub base.

 The sub-base is an important load-spreading layer that enables traffic stresses to be reduced to
acceptable levels on the sub grade.
 In dry climatic conditions, in areas of good drainage, and where the road surface remains well-sealed,
unsaturated moisture conditions prevail and sub-base specifications may be relaxed.
 In wet climatic conditions, the most stringent requirements are dictated by the need to support

27
 construction traffic and paving equipment
 A minimum CBR of 30 percent is required at the highest anticipated moisture content when
compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the MDD achieved in the Heavy Compaction.
 A high quality sub-base is required where loading or climatic conditions during construction are
severe.
 For sub grade CBR values less than 5% and longitudinal gradients of greater than 6%, a gravel
wearing course is recommended.
 The selection of sub-base materials depends on the design function of the layer and the
anticipated moisture regime, both in service and at construction.

Base Course Materials

The layer of materials above the sub base course, that used to transfer the load of the vehicles to the
sub base.

 This material is produced by crushing fresh, quarried rock, or alternatively the material may be
separated by screening and recombined to produce a desired particle size distribution, as per the
specification.
 The main quality specification for a granular base course is the grain size distribution requirements.
 For paver-laid materials, lower fines content may be accepted.

Technical knowledge and skills benefited from our course

I. High way I and II

 Determine thickness of each layer

 Selection of center line of the roads
 Mixing sub grade material in the site
 Construction of culvert which provides an opening under the road way.

II. Soil mechanics I and II

28
  To determine type and properties of soil
 To determine slope of embankment
 To determine water content and density of soil

III. Construction material

 Determine concrete mix ratio

IV. Foundation I

 Construction of retaining wall

 Footing

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Staff Views
Industry's (Employers) Preparedness for Provision of Experiential TrainingIn terms of effectiveness

29
of strategies in construction management programs, regional bodies such Master Builders
Association and CETA’s were considered more influence by staff than other forums of influence
such as serving on advisory councils or boards of formers technikons. The least ranked forum of
influence was lobbying education authorities. Staff was of the view that experiential training should
take place after year 1. The next sub section discusses the importance of supplementing academic
instruction and experiential training
Construction technology was considered more relevant, followed by management principles,
theories and practice. In terms of ranking, research methodology was least considered to be relevant.
CPD was regarded as important for assessing the suitability of graduates for professional
registration. Furthermore staff were of the view that it had an impact on registration in terms of
legislation and that the Universities of Technology should design programs geared towards the
contribution to CPD and Registration

EXPERIENCES.

30
First I would like to thank Dr. Amir, the Manager of Company, for giving me the opportunity to
do an internship within the organization…I am glad that I have gain firsthand experience in a
real accounting department.

During my internship experience in got to know the company and came to know how to plan the
priorities and I learned how to compile data in excel and other software e.g bills pays etc.

An internship is an opportunity to test drive a career without making any serious commitments. It
provides you with experiences, lessons, and the tools you will need to get a fulltime gig in the
future.

It is often a great choice because it gives you a feel for work without being thrown into the deep
end straight away. This provides you with the opportunity to grow as learn before fully entering
the working world.

TIME MANAGEMENT.

Managing your time well can help you improve in your career. Organizing each day helps you to
complete work on time, stay to complete work on important meetings and give you space to be
creative and proactive in your tasks. Having strong time-management skills can ultimately lead
to accomplishing key goals and advancing in your position.

ORGANIZATION.

Staying organized can help you maintain a clear picture of what you need to complete and when.
Being well-organized might mean maintaining an up-to-date calendar, being able to locate
certain document and taking detailed, diligent notes.

PRIORTIZATION.

31
Assessing each of your responsibilities for priority is key in being a good time manager. There
are many ways to prioritize what you need to accomplish. You might decide to complete fast,
simple items followed by longer, more involved ones. Alternatively, you might prioritize your
tasks starting with the most time-sensitive, or a combination of both.

GOAL-SETTING.

Setting goals is the first step to becoming a good time manager. Goal-setting allows you to

clearly understand your end goal and what exactly you need to prioritize to accomplish it.
Setting both short and long-term goals can lead to success in your career.

STRESS MANAGEMENT.

When practicing good time management, you should also be attentive to your mental health.
Handling stress in a positive way can help you stay motivated and perform well when going
thought your schedule. You might do this by including small breaks throughout your day, or by
rewarding yourself in small ways as you accomplish tasks.

GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS.

The ability to communicate effectively is an essential skill in today world. Communication is a

dynamic process and how you communicate can positively and negatively affects relations in life
and workplace.

Followings are the things that I learn:

32
LISTENING.

Being a good listener is one of the best ways to be a good communicator. No one likes
communicating with someone who cares only about putting in her two cents and does not take
the time to listen to the other person. If you're not a good listener, it's going to be hard to
comprehend what you're being asked to do.

Take the time to practice active listening. Active listening involves paying close attention to
what the other person is saying, asking clarifying questions, and rephrasing what the person says
to ensure understanding ("So, what you're saying is…"). Through active listening, you can better
understand what the other person is trying to say, and can respond appropriately.

It is rather surprising that student expectations were largely met on the course. Most students
entering the programme have little or no experience of formal career counselling before entering
tertiary studies. This could be as a result of students in the main feeling that lecturers and lectures
were “good and understandable” during the year. The first year of the Civil Engineering
programme appears, from a student perspective, to be relevant and responsive to the needs of the
country. This is evident from both first year surveys undertaken for this study and should
probably be seen in the context of the demographics of students registering for the programme.
Most come from previously disadvantaged backgrounds and communities that lack basic
infrastructure and services. Preliminary findings also indicate that the department needs to
significantly improve delivery in the subject Communication Skills given its importance in the
transfer of knowledge and the language of communication in industry. It’s also evident that the
content driven subjects Construction Materials, Construction Methods and Management needs
attention. There may therefore be opportunities for extending the integrated teaching approach to
these subjects so that students improve their communication skills in the context of the
discipline. The department currently uses an integrated teaching approach in the subjects
Communication Skills and Construction Methods. The importance of this is further illustrated in

33
an industry survey conducted by Haupt and Miller (2004) who found that companies rated
communication and project management skills to be of the most important in the civil
engineering industry. Industry also stated that students are not adequately prepared in project
management.
Employers (Industry)
The preliminary findings of the study indicated industry support and preference for the present
Universities of Technology model that incorporated in the curriculum a period of experiential
training spent in industry. There was least support for the sandwich (trimester) model of
instruction, which makes provision for practical periods in the second trimester of every
academic year. Universities of Technology prepared their graduates somewhat adequately for
employment. Universities of Technology also adequately prepared their students in the areas of
construction technology, mathematics, structural analysis and design, communication skills,
transportation engineering, water engineering and geo-technical engineering.

What I Learned?
 The effective use of communication
 Problems and Concerns
 The definition of learning outcomes for experiential learning
 Quality assurance of placement (year out) learning
 The requirements of professional bodies
 Relevance of Construction Management Courses

34
 Relevancy of Civil Engineering Courses
 Importance of Construction Management Skills
 Importance of Civil Engineering Skills
 Increasing the awareness of rights and responsibilities

SWOT ANALYSIS.

FEEDBACK.

35
Being able to appropriately give and receive feedback is an important communication skill.
Managers and supervisors should continuously look for ways to provide employees with
construct feedback, be it through email, phone calls, or we10. Picking the Right Medium

An important communication skill is to simply know what form of communication to use. For
example, some serious conversations (layoffs, resignation, changes in salary, etc.) are almost
always best done in person.

You should also think about the person with whom you wish to speak, if they are a very busy
person (such as your boss, perhaps), you might want to convey your message through email.
People will appreciate your thoughtful means of communication and will be more likely to

respond positively to you .

Dealing with Customers

1. Listen to Customers

Sometimes, customers just need to know that you’re listening. If they’re confused or have a
problem, by lending a listening ear, you’re showing that you care and that you’re not dismissing
them.

2. Apologize

When something goes wrong, apologize. It’s amazing how calming the words “I’m sorry” can
be. Don’t engage in fault-finding or laying blame, but let them know you’re sorry they had a
problem. Deal with the problem immediately and let the customer know what you have done.

36
3. Take Them Seriously

Make customers feel important and appreciated. No matter how ridiculous a question may sound
to you; it’s important to the customer. If they feel like they’re being laughed at, or spoken down
to, they will not purchase anything. Customers can be very sensitive and will know whether or
not you really care about them.

4. Stay Calm

Difficult as it is sometimes, it is important to stay calm. Your calming approach will help your
customer stay calm too. They will feel like you’re in control of the situation and that you can
help solve their problem.

5. Identify and Anticipate Needs

Most customer needs are emotional rather than logical. The more you know your customers, the
better you become at anticipating their needs. Communicate regularly so that you’re aware of
problems or upcoming needs.

6. Suggest Solutions

Have a menu of calming remedies which you and your employees can use. Whether it’s purely a
refund or return, or if it’s coupons or a free service. By agreeing in advance the scenarios where
you will provide these remedies, and how much you’re willing to spend, you will be able to
speak calmer and more confidently when offering the solution.

7. Appreciate the Power of “Yes”

37
Always look for ways to help your customers. When they have a request (as long as it is
reasonable) tell them that you can do it. Figure out how afterwards. Look for ways to make doing
business with you easy. Always do what you say you’re going to do.

8. Acknowledge Your Limits

Yes is a powerful word but if you’re unable to fulfil a request: know your limits. You can’t be
everything to everyone. If you don’t think you can fulfil the request, help them find an alternate
remedy. Whether that remedy is your business or another, they will appreciate the extra mile you
went to help them, and will recommend your business to their network.

9. Be Available

Customer service is no longer just about face-to-face contact and telephone. If you’re working in
an industry or marketplace where customers are constantly online, you need to amend your
service delivery to incorporate that. It does not need to be a dedicated helpdesk Twitter handle,
simply make sure you respond promptly and informatively to clients on your main business
Facebook page or to your Twitter account.

10. Get Regular Feedback

Feedback is a great way to grow both your business and your skills. Provide ways for customers
to give feedback, whether it’s a follow up email or phone call, a suggestions box or something
more fun and innovative.

Service Orientated Mindset:

38
A service mindset is an outlook that focuses on creating customer value, loyalty and trust. A
business with this outlook wants to go beyond simply providing a product or service. It wants to
create a positive and indelible imprint in the customer's, or even in the prospect's, mind. To do
this, a business has to care about the customer or prospect experience and work continuously at
enhancing it.

Vision.
The service mentality starts with a vision of what you want your company to be known for.
Maybe you want customers and prospects to rave about the knowledge of your sales and service
agents or about how helpful your agents are. You must have a vision in mind for how you want
your business to be perceived. With this as a blueprint, you can begin recruiting and training
your staff to execute this vision.

People.
Your employees are one of your greatest assets. If you expect them to execute on your vision,
you must share and remind them of what it is at every turn. Don't forget that a service mindset
should not just exist where there is customer-employee or prospect-employee interaction.
Encourage departments to adopt a service mentality when it comes to interacting with each other.
When recruiting new employees, look for candidates who exemplify a commitment to superior
customer service. Make sure there is training and coaching for both new and existing employees.

Training.
To deliver on service, your company must have training for your employees in place. If you don't
have the resources to hire a full-time trainer, consider purchasing online learning modules for
your employees or having a speaker come in whenever the budget allows to coach and discuss
this with your staff. Online learning modules may be a great way to assess how your staff is
measuring up to expectations. Consider options that are fun for your employees and that offer
assessments and reporting so you can review agent performance and see where deficiencies exist.

39
Feedback.
Gathering feedback is an important component of enhancing the service your business provides.
You'll want to have a means of soliciting customer or prospect feedback so you can determine if
your business is delivering on the service goals and mission you've established. Don't neglect
employee feedback. You'll want to understand what's working and what's not within the
company. Use this information to develop your training program so you can make your business
a force with which to be reckoned.

Conclusion

It has been only one year since the establishment of Allied bank, and since its establishment
it has aimed to become the leading bank of Pakistan by that provides outstanding services to
its customers. The bank has seen phenomenal growth in the past year by opening more
branches in the country, increasing the deposit base, while also increasing the assets and
profits of the bank. The services that Allied bank provides have a great market penetration
not only because of their features but also the profit and markup rates that they charge. Also
the products that Allied bank provides cater to sector of the economy. The top management
of the bank is always developing strategies that cope with unexpected challenges to deliver
products and services more efficiently. Further more, as the bank is growing, the number of
employees at Allied bank are increasing, which shows that Allied bank is being considered as
an employer, that provides its employees with a challenging environment to work in, where
they can harness their full potential and shows confidence as an employer by the employees
of the bank. Lastly to become the leading bank of Pakistan, Allied bank has to benchmark its
services to its major competitors in the industry or the market leader in the industry and
provide a continuous mean of improvement in its existing products and services, while
introducing new ones to the industry.

Websites:

40
[Link]

[Link]
report

[Link]

[Link]

41
42