EXPLANATION TEXT
A. Definition.
Explanation texts aim to clarify processes, phenomena, or reasons behind
events, often found in scientific or educational contexts.
(Teks penjelasan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses, fenomena, atau alasan di balik
suatu peristiwa, sering ditemukan dalam konteks ilmiah atau pendidikan.)
B. Generic Structure of Explanation Text:
1. Title
A heading that indicates the topic or process being explained.
(Judul yang menunjukkan topik atau proses yang dijelaskan.)
2. General Statement
Introduces the phenomenon or topic that will be explained, often including a
brief description.
(Pernyataan umum yang memperkenalkan fenomena atau topik yang akan
dijelaskan, biasanya mencakup deskripsi singkat.)
3. Sequenced Explanation
Provides a series of steps or stages that explain how or why something
happens in a logical order.
(Penjelasan berurutan yang memberikan tahapan atau langkah-langkah tentang
bagaimana atau mengapa sesuatu terjadi secara logis.)
4. Closing (Optional)
Concludes or summarizes the explanation, although not always present in
every explanation text.
(Penutup yang menyimpulkan atau merangkum penjelasan, meskipun tidak selalu
ada dalam setiap teks penjelasan.)
C. Language Features
1. Focus on Generalized Participants
Uses general terms to describe subjects (e.g., "volcanoes," "plants," "rain").
(Menggunakan istilah umum untuk menggambarkan subjek.)
2. Use of Present Tense
Mostly written in the simple present tense to describe facts or universal truths.
(Sebagian besar menggunakan simple present tense untuk menggambarkan fakta atau
kebenaran universal.)
Example: "Rain forms when water vapor condenses in the atmosphere."
3. Technical Terms
Includes specific vocabulary related to the topic being explained.
(Menggunakan kosakata khusus yang terkait dengan topik yang dijelaskan.)
Example: "evaporation," "photosynthesis," "magma."
4. Causal and Logical Connectives
Words or phrases to show cause and effect or sequence, such as because,
therefore, as a result, consequently, first, then, next, finally.
(Menggunakan kata-kata penghubung yang menunjukkan sebab-akibat atau urutan.)
5. Action Verbs
Describes processes or actions (e.g., "flows," "melts," "occurs").
(Menggunakan kata kerja tindakan untuk menggambarkan proses atau aksi.)
6. Passive Voice
Frequently used to emphasize the process rather than the doer.
(Sering menggunakan kalimat pasif untuk menekankan proses daripada pelakunya.)
Example: "Water is heated by the sun."
Task!
TEKS 1
What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green
plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together
with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to
make sugar and other chemical compounds. How is the light used in photosynthesis? The
light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each
food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts.
In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn from the soil to split into hydrogen and
oxygen.
What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of
photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon
dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given
off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus from the
soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds
essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produce
these compounds.
1. What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air?
A. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produce these
compounds.
B. Water drawn from the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.
C. Food-making process that occurs in green plants.
D. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process
2. What is photosynthesis need?
A. Water, light, oxygen, worm
B. Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human
C. Bug, air, oxigen, food
D. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus
TEKS 2
Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to build up new
cells and replace the worn-out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into
substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process
is called digestion. The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is
broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by
glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be
swallowed easily. From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into
the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for
several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the
intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards. In a few hours, the food
changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from
the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.
3. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances
4. How can we swallow the food easily?
A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the
places
5. From the text above, we imply that ….
A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.
B. no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.
C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.
D. everybody must conduct the processes of digestive system well.
E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.
6. Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1)
The phrase made up means ….
A. Produced
B. Managed
C. Arranged
D. Completed
E. Constructed
Teks 3
How does rain occur?
Rain is part of the water cycle. It begins with evaporation, where heat from the sun
causes water from oceans, rivers, or lakes to evaporate and turn into water vapor. This vapor
rises into the atmosphere and cools down, forming tiny droplets in clouds. When these
droplets combine and grow heavy, they fall as rain to the ground due to gravity.
7. What causes water to evaporate in the first stage of the water cycle?
A. Wind
B. Gravity
C. Heat from the sun
D. Clouds
8. What happens after water vapor rises into the atmosphere?
A. It falls as rain immediately.
B. It cools and forms droplets.
C. It evaporates further.
D. It is absorbed by the clouds.
9. Why do water droplets fall as rain?
A. They evaporate again.
B. They are heavy.
C. The clouds push them.
D. They are carried by the wind.
