6.
For the following argument, choose the correct rule that was applied for each step:
There is someone in this class who has been to France. Everyone who goes to France
visits the Louvre. Therefore, someone in this class has visited the Louvre.
Let U for x: students in this class
F(x): x has been to France
L(x): x visits the Louvre
Assume:
o MP = Modus ponens
o MT = Modus tollens
o HS = Hypothetical syllogism
o DS = Disjunctive syllogism
o Add = Addition
o Simple = Simplification
o AND = Conjunction
o Res = Resolution
o UI = Universal instantiation
o UG = Universal generalization
o EI = Existential instantiation
o EG = Existential generalization
6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4.
∃x F(x) ∃x F(x) Premise ∃x F(x) Premise 1. ∃x F(x) Premise
∀x F(x) → L(x) ∀x F(x) → L(x) 2. ∀x F(x) → L(x)
1. 1. 1.
∀x F(x) →
Premise 2. 2.
2. Premise Premise Premise
L(x) Premise 3. F(c) EI (1) 3. F(c) EI (1) 3. F(c) EI (1)
3. F(c) _______ 4. F(c) → L(c) _______ 4. F(c) → L(c) UI (2) 4. F(c) → L(c) UI (2)
∃x L(x) ∃x L(x) 6. ∃x L(x) __________
4. F(c) → L(c) 5. L(c) 5. L(c) ____________ 5. L(c) MP (3,4)
∃x L(x)
5. L(c) 6. 6.
6.
E1 (1) U1 (2) MP (3,4) EG (5)
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Rules of Inference Week# 5
Student Name: Id: Group#
بالعربية
Reviewer Name: Id: Group#
بالعربية
Score /16
1. Which rule of inference is used in the following argument:
1.1. It is either hotter than 1.2. Ahmad is an 1.3. Steve will work at a [Link] I work all night on
100 degrees today or excellent swimmer. If computer company this homework, then I
the pollution is Ahmad is an excellent this summer. can answer all the
dangerous. It is less swimmer, then he can Therefore, this exercises. If I answer all
than 100 degrees work as a lifeguard. summer Steve will the exercises, I will
outside today. Therefore, Ahmad work at a computer understand the material.
Therefore, the can work as a company or he will be Therefore, if I work all
pollution is lifeguard. a beach bum night on this homework,
dangerous. then I will understand
the material.
(a)Modus ponens a) Modus ponens a) Modus ponens a) Modus ponens
(b) Modus tollens b) Modus tollens b) Modus tollens b) Modus tollens
(c)Hypothetical c) Hypothetical c) Hypothetical c) Hypothetical syllogism
syllogism syllogism syllogism
(d) Disjunctive d) Disjunctive d) Disjunctive d) Disjunctive syllogism
syllogism syllogism syllogism
(e)Simplification e) Simplification e) Simplification e) Simplification
(f) Addition f) Addition f) Addition f) Addition
(g) Conjunction g) Conjunction g) Conjunction g) Conjunction
(h) Resolution h) Resolution h) Resolution h) Resolution
2. Is the following argument valid or not?
2.1. This real 2.2. If Samiah solved 2.3. If this computer 2.4. If this number is
number is this problem program is correct, then it larger than 2, then its
rational, or it is correctly, then produces the correct output square is larger than
irrational. This Samiah obtained the when running with the test 4. This number is not
real number is not answer 2. Samiah data my teacher gave me. larger than 2.
rational. obtained the answer This computer program Therefore, the
Therefore, this 2. Therefore, produces the correct output square of this
real number is Samiah solved this when running with the test number is not larger
irrational. problem correctly. data my teacher gave me. than 4.
Therefore, this computer
program is correct.
a. It is a valid (a)It is a valid a. It is a valid argument. a. It is a valid
argument. argument. argument.
b. It is a fallacy. (b) It is a fallacy. b. It is a fallacy. b. It is a fallacy.
3. Given the following information about a computer program, find the error in the
program.
1) There is an undeclared variable or there is a syntax error in the first five lines.
2) If there is a syntax error in the first five lines, then there is a missing semicolon, or a
variable name is misspelled.
3) There is not a missing semicolon.
4) There is not a misspelled variable name.
a. Undeclared variable.
b. Missing semicolon.
c. A variable name is misspelled.
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4. You found a logical puzzle that will lead you to a treasure which is buried in the
property. The writer listed five true statements (1–5 below) and challenged the
reader to use them to figure out the location of the treasure.
1) If this house is next to a lake, then the treasure is not in the kitchen.
2) If the tree in the front yard is an elm, then the treasure is in the kitchen.
3) This house is next to a lake.
4) The tree in the front yard is an elm or the treasure is buried under the flagpole.5) If the
tree in the back yard is an oak, then the treasure is in the garage.
Where is the treasure hidden?
a. The treasure is in the kitchen.
b. The treasure is under the flagpole.
c. The treasure is in the garage
5. Fill in the blanks to build a valid argument for the following statement:
Soha, a student in this class, knows how to write programs in JAVA. Everyone who knows how to
write programs in JAVA can get a high-paying job. Therefore, someone in this class can get a high-
paying job.
Let: U for x: students in this class.
J(x): x knows how to program in Java
H(x): x gets a high-paid job.
Symbols: ∧ ¬ ∨ → ∃ ∀
b. ∀x J(x) → H(x)
a. J(Soha)
c. J(Soha) → H(Soha)
Therefore, ∃x H(x)
d. H(Soha)
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