COMPUTER APPLICATION IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SIMULATION OF IDEAL REHEAT CYCLE

NAME Cortes, Patrick Alvin A. DATE PERFORMED: SCORE:
December 1, 2023
DATE SUBMITTED:
December 15, 2023
INSTRUCTOR:
SECTION 51137
Engr. Eisley John Tiongson
CN # 202015161

I. INTRODUCTION

Ideal Reheat engine

The ideal reheat Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that maximizes the efficiency of a steam power
plant by incorporating reheat stages. It's an improvement upon the basic Rankine cycle by reducing the
moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit, which increases the cycle's thermal efficiency.
In this cycle, after the steam expands through the high-pressure turbine, it's reheated back to high
temperature and then expanded further through a low-pressure turbine. The key components and stages of
an ideal reheat Rankine cycle include:

II. Materials
In this Project, simulation is needed to be utilized so we can perform a test for Ideal Reheat Cycle. DWSIM
must be installed on your device since this will be the software intended to use.

III. Procedures
Steam initially exits the boiler at 8.0 Megapascals and 485°C, proceeding into a high-pressure (HP) turbine
for expansion down to 1.4 Megapascals. Following the HP turbine, the steam moves through a reheater for
reheat treatment. Reheated steam, now at 1.4 Megapascals and 720°C, enters a low-pressure (LP)
turbine. In the LP turbine, the steam further expands down to the condenser pressure of 0.006
Megapascals, exiting as saturated liquid steam. The overall steam flow rate throughout this process is
maintained at 127 kilograms per hour.
1. Open DWSIM, and select
‘create new’ for the
simulation.
2. Choose water as the
component needed for the
simulation, and choose
Steam Tables (IAPWS-
IF97) as your property
package.
3. Now, customize a system
of units where the
temperature is at Degrees
Celsius, Mass flow rate at
kg/h, and the pressure is
set to Megapascals.
4. Now, it will redirect you
towards the simulation. As
your first step, insert
“PUMP” and drag it
through the panel.
5. Rename the materials
streams with (1) and (2)
for streams 1 &2,
respectively. Also, change
the name of your energy
stream into “PUMP
WORK”.
6. Click ‘MSTR-01” to edit
and select
 Flash Spec: Pressure
and Vapor Fraction
 Pressure: 0.006 MPa
 Mass flow : 127 kg/h
 Vapor Phase Mole
Fraction : 0
7. Now, edit your PUMP and
plug in the following
values:
 Calculation type :
Outlet Pressure
 Outlet Pressure: 8
MPa
 Efficiency: 100%
8. insert “HEATER” and
rename it to “BOILER”
through the panel.
9. Connect ‘2’ as inlet stream
and Create and connect
’3’ as outlet stream to
BOILER.
10. Rename the provided
energy stream (HEAT-
ADDED 1)
11. Edit BOILER and Select:
 Calculation type :
Outlet Temperature
 Pressure Drop: 0 MPa
 Efficiency: 100%
 Outlet Temperature:
485°C

12. insert “EXPANDER” and

rename it to “HP
TURBINE” through the
panel.
13. Connect ‘3’ as inlet stream
and Create and connect
’4’ as outlet stream to HP
TURBINE.
14. Rename the provided
energy stream (TURB
WORK 1)
15. Edit HP TURBINE and
Select:
 Calculation type :
Outlet Pressure
 Thermodynamic
Process: Adiabatic
 Efficiency: 100%
 Outlet Pressure: 1.4
MPa
16. insert “HEATER” and
rename it to “REHEATER”
through the panel.
17. Connect ‘4’ as inlet stream
and create and connect ’5’
as outlet stream to
REHEATER
18. Rename the provided
energy stream (HEAT-
ADDED 2)
19. Edit REHEATER and
Select:
 Calculation type :
Outlet Temperature
 Pressure Drop: 0 MPa
 Efficiency: 100%
 Outlet Temperature:
720°C
20. insert “EXPANDER” and
rename it to “LP
TURBINE” through the
panel.
21. Connect ‘5’ as inlet stream
and create and connect ’6’
as outlet stream to LP
TURBINE.
22. Rename the provided
energy stream (TURB
WORK 2)
23. Edit LP TURBINE and
Select:
 Calculation type:
Outlet Pressure
 Thermodynamic
Process: Adiabatic
 Efficiency: 100%
 Outlet Pressure: 0.006
MPa

24. insert “COOLER and

rename it to
“CONDENSER” through
the panel.
25. Connect ‘6’ as inlet stream
and create and connect ’7’
as outlet stream to
CONDENSER.
26. Rename the provided
energy stream (HEAT
REJECTED)
27. Edit CONDENSER and
Select:
 Calculation type:
Outlet Vapor Mole
Fraction
 Pressure Drop: 0 Pa
 Efficiency: 100%
 Outlet Vapor Fraction:
 0

28. Using the Logical Blocks

on object tab, select
“RECYCLE BLOCK” and
drag it across the center.
29. Edit RECYCLE BLOCK,
use “7” as your inlet
stream and “1” as your
outlet stream. Press
SOLVE on the upper part
of the panel and simulate
the process.

30. CLICK SOLVE

31. Choose ‘Property Table’

and choose the necessary
parameters needed and
click OK.
IV. Process flow diagram

V. Results
Calculations

Heat Added Around the BOILER:

kg
1 27 ( 3 362.05−159.54 )
h (
KJ 1h
Kg 3600 s )
=112.9774 Kw
Heat Rejected Around the REHEATER:
127 ( 3967.77−2891.24 ) (
KJ 1 h
Kg 3600 s )
=37.9776 Kw
HP TURBINE WORK:

127
kg
h
( 3362.05−2898.24 ) (
KJ 1 h
Kg 3600 s )
=16.60913 Kw
LP TURBINE WORK:

127
kg
h
( 3362.05−2898.24 ) (
KJ 1 h
Kg 3600 s )
=51.21804 Kw

Work Done by the first pump:

( )( )( 3600 s)
3
1 m ( 1 MJ 1000 KJ 1h (
8−0.006 ) MPa 3
127 kg/h )
99 3 .593 kg 1 MPa−m 1 MJ
 Work Pump=0. 283829 KW
Work Done by the Second pump:

( )( )( )
3
1 m ( 1 MJ 1000 KJ 1h (
5.4−0. 6 ) MPa 3
100 kg/h )
9 31.978 kg 1 MPa−m 1 MJ 3600 s

Work Pump=0.14306 KW

KJ 1 h
Q rejected = (127 ) ( 2515.92−151.494 )
Kg 3600 s ( )
=83.411695 KW
Qadded =112.9774 Kw +37.9776 Kw=150.955 KW

th 83.411695
n =1− x 100
150.955

Thermal Efficiency of the Regenerative cycle

th
n =44.74 %

VI. Discussion of results

It was assumed that the simulation is done at an Ideal Reheat rankine cycle. Hence, no losses were
accounted and all efficiencies were set to 100%. The power plant operates on the ideal reheat Rankine
cycle. Therefore, the pump and the turbines are isentropic, there are no pressure drops in the boiler and
condenser, and steam leaves the condenser and enters the pump as saturated liquid at the condenser
pressure.

Based from the tabulated results, work was done at 0.28 Kilowatts which was operated at 36.1603 °C and
a pressure of 0.006 MPa. The stream ‘2’ resulted into a slightly higher temperature at 36.3767 °C which
was fed into the inlet stream of the BOILER. The BOILER which turned the liquid into a vapor. In this
manner, the heat added to the vapor was 112.98 Kilowatts. Furthermore, the inlet stream of the HP
TURBINE was operated at 485 °C and a pressure of 8 MPa, producing a 16.61 Kilowatts of power. In the
REHEATER, the vapor further increased its temperature to 720 °C adding heat with 37.98 Kilowatts. The
vapor enters the LP TURBINE by reducing the pressure to 0.006 MPa with a decrease temperature in
having a work of 51.22 Kilowatts, at this point the vapor turned into a liquid. The liquid now enters the
condenser to compress the liquid with a pressure of 0.006 MPa at 36.1603 °C. The liquid now returns to
the Pump at the same Temperature and Pressure.
To explain further its properties, the enthalpy and entropy of the pump initially was 151.494 Kj/kg 0.520873
Kj/Kg-K, respectively. In comparison to the outlet, there was an slight increase in temperature and pressure
of 159.54 Kj/kg and 0.520918 Kj/kg-k, respectively. At this point , the enthalpy and entropy to the BOILER
had an immense amount of energy result to a 3363.02 Kj/kg 6.67763 Kj/kg. However, since that BOILER
and the HP TURBINE have the same entropy, this makes the condition, Isentropic. The only difference is
that the specific enthalpy of the mixture in the HP TURBINE was 2891.24 KJ/Kg. Inside the REHEATER,
the vapor had an increase input of specific enthalpy resulting to 3967.77 Kj/Kg with a specific entropy if
8.16509 Kj/Kg-K. In the LP TURBINE, there was a decrease in specific enthalpy resulting to 2515.92 Kj/Kg
at isentropic conditions. And returns back to liquid at 151.494 Kj/kg.

VII. Conclusion
For the purpose of comprehending and improving energy cycles for effective power generation, the
simulation of intricate thermodynamic systems is essential. To this end, simulating the complexities of an
Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle thoroughly has been made possible by using simulation software such as
DWSIM.
A comprehensive feature set provided by DWSIM makes it easier to conduct precise and thorough
simulations of the Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle. Engineers and academics can examine the cycle's
performance under various conditions thanks to its accurate thermodynamic calculations made possible by
its strong calculation engine. Through the manipulation of factors like temperature, pressure, and fluid
characteristics, DWSIM allows users to investigate the behavior of the cycle, leading to a more profound
understanding of its complexities.
To sum up, using DWSIM to simulate an Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle provides a means of accessing
thorough analysis, optimization, and comprehension of this complex power generating system. Its
precision, visualization tools, extensive modeling capabilities, and educational advantages make it a
priceless instrument for research, engineering, and education, opening the door to improved productivity
and power generating technological breakthroughs.