EXAMPLES 3

()
1

1. Five boys and three

row.
|
The
girls are
probability that
seated at random
no boy sits Soln.
(a)

n(s) 2 x
(b)

2 x 2
Ans. (a)
2=
16 because each
x

between
a

two girls is of the four places can be filled in 2 ways.

1
1

(a) 56
(b)
8 The zero determinants are
3 (d) none of these
(c)
28
Ans. (c)

Soln. n(s) 8!
nE) = the number of arrangements of 5 boys
and 3 girs when the 3 girls are consecutive =
6! 3!
8
. the required probability
6! x3!
8!
3
28
= .. P(E) =
16 2
5. Three numbers are chosen at
1

random wrthout
In a convex hexagon two diagonals are drawn
sxs 10.
2.
replacement from the set = (x 1

)
A
at random. The probability that the diagonals
intersect at an interior point of the hexagon. xe N), The probability that the minmum of the
7 chosen numbers is 3 and maximum is7 s
(b) 1
12 1
(a)
12 (b)15
(c) (d) none of these
1

(c) (d) none of these

Ans. (a) 40
Soln. n(s) = total number of sections of two Ans. (c)

Soln. n(s) = 1°c, and

diagonals = (C,-6) C, = C, = 36 n(E) = c,, because on selecting 3. 7 and we
n(E) = the number of selections of two have to select one from 4, 5 and 6.
dagonals which intersect at an interior point We have to select one from 4, 5 and 6.
=the number of selections of four vertices = 1
C, = 15 P(E) = 40
15 5
the required probability = 36 12 6. If the probability of A to failin an examinaton
3. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack 1 3
is and that of B is then the probabulity
of 52 cards The probability of getting at least 5 10
a spade and an ace is that either A or B fails IS
1 8 11 19
(a)
34
1
(b)
221
2
(a) ;
1

(b)
25 (C)
50
(c) (d) none of these Ans. (c)
(d)
26 51 1

Ans. (c) Soln. The probability of A faing P(A) = 5 and

Soln. n(s) = 62C, and 3
nE)= the number of selections of 1 spade, 1 the probability of B failing = P(B) = 10
ace from 3 aces or selections of the ace of
The requred probability
spade and 1 other spade 13C, x C, + 1C, =
x C, = 51 = PIAB AB) = P(AB) +v P(AB)

A
.:. P(E) =

andom using the numbers 1,

51 1

26
secondorder determinantis written down at
1as elements.

Ine probability that the value of thedeterminant

is nonzero
is
-
7. Let
= P(A)P(B) + P(A) P(B)

A and B be two independent events such

) 10 50
19
 that
is equal

(a) &
3
P(A) =
to
, 1
P(AU B) =
7
10
Then P(B)

(c)
2
probabilitythat

9. Four fair dice D,, D, D, and

head appears on fourth

D, each
toss =

having
(d)none of these Ans. (a) six faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are

- x) rolled simultaneously.The probability that D

Soln. Let P(B) =x Then P(B) =1
shows a number appearing on one of D,,D.
1

:.P(A n B) = P(A) P(B) = (1 - x) and D, is

B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A 108

B) 91
But P(A U
(a) (b)
7 216 216

or,

or, x
10-5

=
-
3
-*)--x)
or, 1 -X =
5 (c)
125
216

Soln.The number of ways in which one

Ans. (a)
of D., D..
and D, shows the same number as D, the
(d)
127
216

=
8. A coin is tossed again and again.
onfirst three tosses, then
appears
If

the chance that head

tail
number of total ways - number of ways in
which D,, D,, D, don't show a number
appears on fourth toss
1
is
appearing on D, =6 - c..5

2
1 1 1
(a)
16 (b) (c) 8 (d)
4
Ans. (b)
Required probability =
6
Soln.Tossing of fourth coin will be independent
of earlier tosses 3
and 91
their outcomes, the = =
216

Multiple Choice Questions

(M.C.GQ.) and Answers
Category-1 (Only one option is correct)
[Marks-1]
1.
The probability that a leap year will have 53 4. Three integers are chosen
Fridays
2
or 53 Saturdays is the first 20 integers. The
at random from
probability that

2.
(a) 7 (b) (c)
7
4
1
product is even, is
their

Two dice are thrown 2 3 17 4

simultaneously. The (a) (b)
probability of getting a pair of aces is 19 29 (c)
19 (d)19
1
1

(a)
36 (b) Out of30 consecutive integers, 2 are
choSen

3.
(©)

The

and
1

probabilities of

ll division

1
in
(d) none
a student getting

an examination are
of these

10'5
,3
| 6.
at

(a)
random. The probability that their sum is
odd,

Five
14
29
is
(b)

boys and three

16
29 (c)
15
29

are seated
girls
(d)

at
10
29

and random ina row. The

4 respectively. The probability that the probability that no bo0y
sits between twO
studentfails in the examination girls is
is
1
197 27 (a) 1
(a) (b) 56 (b)
200 100
83
(c) none (c)
100 (d) of these 28 (d) none of these
 at random from a
cards are drawn pack probability of exactly one of the events
Two
52 cards. The probability
ace
getting at
is of
happening is
least a spade and an 23 1

1
8 1 2 (a)
50 ()
(b) 221 (c)
26 (d) 51
(a) 34 31
these

.
with two dice the odds (c)
50 (d) none of
In a single cast
8 7is-
against drawing
15. The probability that at least one of the events
1

(b) (c) 5:1 (d) 1: 5 3

(a) 6 12 A and B occurs is If A and B occur
5
7white balls
a row
and 3 black balls
random. The probability that notwo
at

is
are placed in

simultaneously with probability

1
. then

black balls are adjacent P(A) + P(B') is

1
7 2 1 2 4 6 7
(c) (d)
(a)5
(b)
15 15 (a) (b) (c) (0);

10. 4 gentleman and 4 ladies take seats at 16. It is given that the events A and B are such
random round a table. The probability that 1 1

that and
they are sitting alternately is- P(A)=Ž P(A/B)=
4 1 2 1

(a)
35
(b)
70 (c)
35 (d)
35 P(B/A)= Then P(B) iS
1 2 1

11. Three dice are thrown simultaneously. The (a)

15 is (c) 3
probability of getting a sum of

1 5 17. A die is thrown. Let 'A be the event that the

(a) 7
72
(b)
36 number obtained is greater than 3. Let B be
the event that the number obtained is less

5 than 5. Then P(AUB) iS

(c) (d)none of these
72 3
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 ()5
12. Three dice are thrown. The probability of

geting a sum which is a perfect square is at random from 50

selected
18. One ticket is
2 02, ... 49. Then
tickets numbered 00, 01,
(a) (b)
5 20 the probability that the sum of the
digits on

the selected ticket is 8, given that the

1

of these product of these digits is zero, equals

(d) none
1
5 1

13. Let A and B be two independents events (a) (c) (d)50

14 14
1 7 Then
Such that P(A) = P(AUB) = 10 19. An urn contains nine balls of which three
are red, four are blue and two are green.
P(B)is equal to Three balls are drawn at random without
3 2 replacement from the urn. The probability that
is
(a)
8 (b) 7 the three balls have different colour

2
2 1 1

(c) (d)
(C)
these
(a) (b)21 23 3
(d) none of
14. Let
A and B be two independent events such 20. Let A, B, C be pairwise independent events
3 2 with P(C) > 0 and P(A n C) 0. Then Bo =
that their
probabilities are 10 and
5
The
P(A°n B°/C) is equal to
 (a) P(A) -P(B°)
P(AC) P(B) (b) - and
(c) P(A) P(B°) -
(d) P(AC) + P(B°)
Probability that the problem is

21. Let A and B be twO events such is

;
that
solved,
1 1
and 3 2
P(AB)-;6' P(AnB)= 4 (a)
4 (c)
(b) 3 (0)
27. If three distinct numbers are chosen random
P(A) where A stands for complement from the first 100 natural numbers, then the
of event A Then events A and B are probability that all three of them are

2 and 3 is
divisible
(a) equally likely and mutually exclusive by both

(b) equally likely but not independent 4 4 4 4

(c) independentbut not equally ikely (a) (b) (c)
55 35 (d)
33 1155
(d) mutually exclusive and independent 28. Three of the six vertices
of a regular hexagon
4 are chosen at random. The
22. The probability that A speaks truth is probability that
5 the triangle with three vertices is equilateral.
3 equals
while this probability for B is The
4 1 1 1 1
probability that they each (a) (b) (c)
contradict other 2 5 10 (d)
20
when asked to speak on a fact is 29. Three identical dice are rolled. The probability
3 1 7 that the same number will appear on each
(a)
20 (b)
20 5 (d) of them, is

23. Five horses are in a race. Mr. A selects two 1 1 1

3
(a) (b) (c)
of the horses at random and bets on them. 6 36 18 (d)
28
The probability that Mr. A 30. For three events A, B and
selected the wining C, if P(exactly
horse is one of A or B occurs) P(exactly one of B =
4
3 1
or C occurs) P(exactly =
one of C or A
(b) (c) 1
5 (4)
Occurs) =: and P(all the three events occur
24. Events A, B and C 4
are mutually exclusive
1
3x +1
such simultaneously) then the
that P(A)= 3 P(B)=X
4
and 16 probablity

that at least one of the events OCcurs, IS

P(C)= 1-2x The set of 7
X are
2 possible values of
(a) (b)
7 (c)
7
(d)
3
in the interval 32 16 64 16
3 1

1 21 31. If
P(B) = 4' P(AnBnC)=3 then

P(BNC)is equal to
1 1 1 1
(d) [0, 1] (a) (b)
12 6 (c)
15 (0)
32. The probability that at least one of the evens
25. A andB are events such 3 A and B occurs
that P(AUB) = is 06 A and B ocCUr
If
Simultaneously with probability 02, then
P(AnB)=
is
P(Ä)- then P(nB) P(A)+P(B)
(a) 0:4
is equal to (JELET22]
(b)0-8 (c) 1:2 (d) 1-4
5 3 33. TwO events A and B have probabilities
0-25
(a) (b) and
12 8 (c) (d) 0-50,
respectively. The probability that
26. A problem in mathematics
both A and B occur simultaneously is 0-14.
is given to three Then, the B
students A, B, C and probability that A nor
neither
their respective OCcurs, is
1 1 (a) 0:39
probability of solving the problem (b)0:25
is
2' 3 (c) 0-11
(d) none of these
 are two independent events such
IHAand
B
4
34.
and P(B) * 1,then P(/B)
(a)
11 (p)1 (c)
11
()0
hat P(A) > 0,
to 42. IfA and B are mutually exclusive events, the
is equal
P(ANB) equals
(a) 1- P(A/B) (b) 1-P(A/B)
1

P()
(a) 0 (b)
2 (c) 1 ()
1-P(AUB) (d)
(c) P(B) 43. The probability that in the toss of two dice
P(B) we obtain the sum 7 or 11 is
probability
of getting heads in both trials,
1
35 The
a balanced coin is tossed twice, will
(a) (b)
when 6 18
be 3
2 23
1 1

(a)
(c) (d)
108
(b) (c) 1
(a)7 2 44. From a pack of cards two are drawn, the
8 TWO are drawn at random from a pack
cards
first being replaced before the second is
of 52 cards. The probability of these two drawn. The probability that the first is
being aces is
diamond and the second is a king will be
1
1
13 4 1
(b) (c) (d)52
(a)
26 221 (a)
4 (b)
13 52
45. If A and B are two events such that
(d) none of these
5 1

37. A bag contains 5 brown and 4 white socks. P(AUB) =6 P(ANB) -a P|B)
A man pulls out two socks. The probability then the events A and B are
that they are of the same colour (a) dependent independent (b)
is
5 1 5 4 (c) mutually none of these
exclusive (d)
(a)
108 (b) a
(c)
18 (d) 9 46. A purse contains 4 copper coins, 3 silver
coins, the second purse contains 6 copper
38. Two cards are drawn successively with
shuffled deck of 52 coins, and 2 silver coins. A coin is taken
replacement from a well
out of any purse, the probability that it is a
cards. The probability of drawing two aces
copper coin is

3
11 1
X
1

(a)
4
7 (b)
3
4 () (d)
37
56
(a)
13 13 (b)
13 17

(c)
1

52 51
1 (d)
13
1
X

51
4
47. If
3
P(AUB)= 4 P(ANB)-
1

P(A)=
2

3. Three letters are writtento different persons, then

P(nB) =
and addresses on three envelops are also 5 7
(c) (d)
Writen. Without looking at the addresses, (a) 12 12
12
he probablity that the letters go into right
48. An urn contains and 5 white balls.
8 red
envelopes is Three balls are drawn at random. Then the
1 1
probability that balls of both colours are
(a)
27 (b) drawn is
1
40 70 3 10
(c) none of these
(d) (a) (b)
143 (d)
143 13
40.
The probability of having at least one tail in
49. Let and
A B be two events with P(AC) = 0-3.
4 throws with
coin is a
15 1
P(B) = 0-4 and P(ANB°)=05. Then
(a)

41. A
16 (b)
16
(c) (d) 1
P(B/AUB) is equal to
random from
ea single letter is at
selected 1 1 2
word "PROBABILITY". The ()3
it is
yowel is
probability that
(a) 4 (c)
50. A and B are two independent events such 58. x,Xy Xg , Xs0 are fifty real
numbers such
that x, < xe1 for r = 1, 2, 3, ...49.
that P(AUB') =08 and P(A) = 03. Then numbers out these are picked
Five

of
up
P(B) is random. The probability that thhe five
at

numbers
2 1 have X0 as the middle number is
(a) (c)
8 (d) a 20C2 30c2
51. 4 boys and 2 girls occupy seats in a row at (a) (b)
random. Then the probability that the two
girls occupy seats side by side is

61
1

(a) 2 (b) (c)

3 (d)
(c) (d) none of these

52. Four dice are rolled. The number of possible 59. Five dice are tossed. What is the
probability
outcomes in which at least one dice shows that the five numbers shown will
be different ?
2 is
(a) 625
(b) 671 (c) 1023 (d) 1296
53. A person draws a card from a pack of playing
(a)
5
54
5
(c) 18 (c) 75
() 81
5

cards, replaces it and shuffles the pack. He 60. Numbers 1, 2,3, ...,2n (ne N)are printed
continues doing this until he draws a spade. on 2n cards. The probability of drawing a
The chance that he will fail the first two times
numberr
is is proportional to Then the

r.
probability of drawing an even number in one
9 1 1 draw is
(a) BA (b) G4 (c) 16 (d)
16 n+2 n+1
54. IfA and B are two events such that P(A) = (a) (b)
n +3 n+3
0-3 and P(A U B) = 0-8. If A and B be
independent events then P(B) iS (c)
n+1
3 5 2 (d)
2n +1
(a)
7 (b)
61. An electric bulb will last for 800 hours or
6 more with probability 0-75 and last for at
(c)
7 (d) none of these
most 900 hours with a probability of 06
wil

55. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Then probability that the bulb will last beween
The probability that it is the card of king or 800 and 900 hours is
spade is equal to (a) 0-6 (b) 025 (c) 0 85 (d) 0-35
1 3 4 3
(a)
26 (b) 26 (c) (d) 62. A medicine bottle contains 9 vitamin tablets
13 13
56. If A,B and Care three events such
and9 narcotic tablets all tablets being
that P(B)
3 same in appearance If 3 tablets are chosen
P(A n BO C') = 3 1
and at random, then the
be at least one
probability that there wll

narcotc tablet, is
1
P(A' O B n C)= then P(B C) is equal
3 53
(a)
to 4 (b)
65

57.
(a)
An
21

urn
(b)
contains 3
1

6 (c)

and 5
5 1

(d)G
1
(c)
41
455 (d) none of these

red blue balls. The 63. A and B select a number between 1to 50.
probability that second ball drawn is blue If their numbers match, both of them win3
without replacement is prize. The probability that they will not win
5 8 a prize in the first attempt, is
(a) (b)
8 1-
(a)
49
3 50 (b)
50
(c) (d) none these
8 of
1
(c) of these
50 x 49 (d) none
 Multiple
Choice Questions (M.C.Q.) and Answers
options are correct)
:
(One or more (Marks-2]
Category-2

A and B be two events such that

Let (b)P(ANB)z P(A) +P(B)
1.
3 3
P(AUB)2 4
and ;sP(ANB) s then- (c) P(ANB) = P(A)+P(B) -P(AUB)
11 3 (4) P(ANB) - P(A) +P(B)+P(AUB)
< (b) P(A).P (B)s 8
(a) P(A)+P(B)
7
7.
For two given events A and B, P(ANB) is
P(A)+ P(B) (d) none of these (a) not less than P(A) + P(B) – 1
(c)
(b) not greater than P(A) + P(B)

and F are the complementary events (c) equal to P(A) + P(B) – P(AUB)
of the events E and F respectively, then- (d) equal to P(A) + P(B) + P(AUB)

(a) P(E/F) +P(EF)=1 8. If M and N are any two events, then the

probability that exactly one of them occurs

(b) P(E/F) +P(E/F) is
=1

(e) P(F)+P(E/F) =1 (a) P(M) + P(N) -2P(MNN)

= P(M) + P(N)-P(MUN)
()P(E/F) +P(F) 1
(b)

3. Let A and B be two events such that (C) P(M +P(N)-2P(MnN)

1
5 1
and
P(ANB)= P(AUB) = P[A)=2 (9) P(MnN) -P(MON)
then
Let X and Y be two events such that
(a)A, are independent
B

B are mutually exclusive 1

1
2
(b) A,
P(X/Y)=; and P(Y/X)=
P(X)=
(c) P(A) = P(B) (d) P(B) < P(A)
the Then
4.
The probability that exactly one of
4 1

independent events A and B occurs is equal

(a) P(Y) =15 (b) P(X/Y) =;
to
2
(a) P(A)+P(B)- 2P(ANB) (c) P(XUY) (4) P(XnY)

(b) P(A)+P(B)-P(ANB) X and Y are two events such that

10. If

1
and
P()+P(B) -P(nB) P(Y/X)=a
(e) P(X/)-2'
(d) none of these 1

Then, which of the following

B are independent events such that P(XNY) 6
IfAand
0.

0< P(A) <1,0 < P(B) < 1 then is/are correct ?

(a) Bare mutually exclusive
A,
(b) A and Bare independent (a) P(XUY)-i

(c) , B are independent (b) X and Y are independent

(c) X and Y are not independent
(0) P(A/B) +P(/B) =1
6
For any two events A and B (4) P(x°nY)

(a) P(ANB)> P(A) +P(B)-1

JELET-10
 16. Let E and F be two independent events. The
11. If E and F are the complementary events
of events E and F respectively and if 1
probability that both E and F happen is
0<P(F)<1,then 12
and the probability that neighter E nor F

() P(S)*P(F)-1 1

happens is
2 Then
1 1

(a) P(E) = P(F) =

1 1
(b) P(E) =2 P(F) =
()P(5)-P(Š)-1 1
1
12. IfE and F are independentevents such that
(c) P(E) =RP(F)=5
0< P(E) <1and 0 < P(F) < 1, then 1
(a) E andF are mutually exclusive (d) P(E) =P(F)=
(b) E andFare independent
(c) andFareindependent
(d) P(SA)-P$)-1 ANSWER (Category-1)
13. The probabilities that a student passes in
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (C) 5. (c)
Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry are m,
p and c respectively. Of these subjects, the 6. (c) 7.(c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. ()
students has a 75% chance of passing in 12.(d) 13. (a)
11. (d) 14.(a) 15.(c)
atleast one, a 50% chance of passing in
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b)
atleast two,and a 40% chance of passing
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (a)
in exactly two. Which of the following rela
tions are true? 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29.(b) 30. (b)

19 31. (a) 32. (c)

p+m+c= 27 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a)
(a) p+m +C= (b)
20 20 36. (b) 37. (d) 38. (a) 39.(b) 40. (a)
1 -
1 41. (a) 42. 43. (c)
pmc= 10
(c) (d) pmC =4|s
(a) 44. (c) 45. (b)

46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (a) 50. (a)
14. Let X and Y be two events such that
51.(c) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (c)

1
56. (a) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (d)
P(/Y)-P(Y/X)- and P(XnY)= 6
61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (b)
Which of the following is (are) correct?
2
(a) P(XUY)= ANSWER (Category-2)
(b) X and Y are independent
1. (a & c) 2. (a & d) 3. (a)
(c) X and Y are not independent (a&
4. c) 5. (b,c & d) 6. (a & c)
7. (a,b 8& c) 8. (a & c) (a& b)
9.
(d)
P(xn) 10. (a & b) 11. (a & d) 12. (b, c & d)
15. Let0 < (P(A)<1,0 < P(B) <1 and & c)
13. (b
14. (a & b) 15. (c & d)
P(AUB) =P(A) + P(B) – P(A)P(B), then 16. (a & d)
(a) P(BIA) = P(B) -P(A)

(b) P (A-B') = P(A) -P(B')

(c) =
P(AUB)' P(A)-P(B)
(d) =
P(A/B) P(A)