Conservation of Biodiversity
• Mainly the conservation of biodiversity has
three basic objectives:
• To maintain essential ecological processes and
life supporting systems.
• To preserve the diversity of species.
• To make sustainable utilisation of species and
ecosystems.
Conservation Methods
• In-situ conservation –
The conservation of species (flora and fauna)
in their own natural habitat or natural
ecosystem is known as in situ conservation.
In the process, the natural surrounding or
ecosystem is protected and maintained so that
all the constituent species (known or
unknown) are conserved and benefited.
Conservation Methods
• Ex-situ conservation (artificially)–
Ex-situ conservation involves maintenance
and breeding of endangered plants and
animals under partially or wholly controlled
conditions in specific areas like zoo, gardens,
nurseries etc.
Ex-situ conservation
• Some important areas under these
conservation are:
Seed gene bank
Field gene bank
Botanical gardens
Zoos
Ex-situ conservation
ADVANTAGES OF EX-SITU CONSERVATION
Ex-situ conservation
• The strategies for ex-situ conservations are:
Identification of species to be conserved.
Long-term captive breeding
Short-term propagation and release of the
animals in their natural habitat
Animal translocation
Animal reintroduction
In-situ conservation
Protected areas –
Cold desert (Ladakh and Spiti), Hot desert (Thar),
Saline Swampy area (Sunderban and Rann of
Kutch), Tropical moist deciduous forest (Western
Ghats and north East)
National parks –
There are about 89 national parks in India.
Corbett national Park Nainital, U.P. (First national
Park), Biological Park, Nandankanan, Orissa
• SanctuariesIn-situ
– conservation
Chilika Sanctuary, Gharial project at Tikarpada
• Biosphere Reserves –
Simlipal, (Orissa), Sunderban (West Bengal)
