Chapter 3

TERMS OF REFERENCES

This part of the study discusses some detailed reviews of existing literature that
are related to the jail proposal. Here the proponent's findings from previous studies,
published articles, and existing buildings are analyzed to help deepen the researcher's
knowledge of the project.

Review of Related Literature

The proponent gathered some relevant articles that may be very informative and
relevant to the proposal. Gathered summaries of articles will support the researcher to
gain further knowledge, strengthen the study and make it more feasible.

Article 1
Title: Pampanga Mountains Eyed as New Prison Site
Author: Tonette Orejas
Date Published: May 20, 2017
Source: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/897880/pampanga-mountains-eyed-as-new-prison
site

1.1 What the article is all about?

The article discusses the proposed solution of Vice Governor Lilia "Nanay"
Pineda, the current Vice Governor of Pampanga, to the problem of continual
congestion arising of inmates in all the jails in Pampanga, including their Provincial
Jail.
The article tackles the idea that the Vice Governor wants to relocate the
Pampanga Provincial Jail in upland Floridablanca town near an agricultural school,
where the government could build a SO-hectare prison. The Vice Governor
believes that detainees deserve a more humane jail where they can have their
farm and plant some crops for their food, and for them to have lots of space to
learn new skills.

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 Prison food allocations range from P1.5 million to P2 million monthly. The
Vice Governor added that the provincial government was prepared to make this
plan work after a detailed study, and the council would ask the President to give
additional funds to expand jails in the province. Lastly, the Department of Justice
would also be asked to fill the shortages in judges, prosecutors, and public
attorneys.

2.1 What relevant information does the article give?

The article informed the proponent that the study is feasible and can help
the concerned Local Government Unit because their leader is the one who
proposes this idea. The possible sources of budget for the project, and the idea of
the Vice Governor's proposal is very relevant to the study.

3.1 What are the things/subjects discussed in the article which will be of use in
your study?
All the content of the article is a huge help for the study, as every piece of
information discussed here is compatible with the data needed by the proponent,
from the Vice Governor's aim of a SO-hectare bigger and more humane jail in the
upland area for inmates, their preparation on the budget if such a proposal is to
proceed, and a desire to provide a farm and lot of space for livelihood projects.

Article 2
Title: Jails in the Philippines Extremely Overcrowded Amid Drug War Arrests
Author: Troy Van Buskirk Barter
Date Published: March 31, 2021
Source: https://peaceforasia.org/jails-in-the-philippines-extremely-overcrowded-amid
drug-war-arrests/

2
1.1 What the article is all about?
Figure 39 Congestion Situation in Manila City Jail

Figure 39 shows the sleeping situation of the detainees in the Manila City
Jail, which reflects how bad the overcrowding there is, which is also discussed in
the article.

The article discussed how bad the overcrowding in the jails and prisons
that exists in the Philippines is due to the sheer number of drug war arrests. It
covers the severe conditions that inmates and prisoners experience due to the lack
of infrastructure, such as being close together and their need to bend their selves
while sleeping just to fit themselves in the cells, and not enough cushions and
pillows for their comfort. Having a very slow process of their cases due to the
country's rotten justice system was also one of the topics discussed, where they
spend several years in jail even though their sentence should be over.

2.1 What relevant information does the article give?

The Philippines has the world's second-largest prison population density,
with the system at 463 percent capacity worldwide, implying that the county's jail
system should not be neglected and should be focused on. Overcrowding delayed
or effectively suspended justice, and already authoritarian police reveal that the
Philippines' legal system is committing major violations of human rights and
dignity.

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 3.1 What are the things/subjects discussed in the article which will be of use in
your study?
The situations discussed in the article are great to help the proponent to
know and learn what to provide for the inmates inside the Pampanga Provincial
Jail before the situation gets this bad. The researcher also better understood how
important and necessary it is to fix and improve all the facilities in the jail for it to
be a well-planned and developed institution.

Article 3
Title: Access to Nature in Prisons can Improve Outcomes, Research Shows
Author: Bellamy Pailthorp
Date Published: January 28, 2019
Source: https://www.knkx.org/environment/2019-01-28/access-to-nature-in-prisons-can
improve-outcomes-research-shows

1.1 What the article is all about?

The article discusses how well-established the healing power of nature is.
The good intention of professor of Social Work and Criminal Justice at the
University of Washington Tacoma, the professor wants to help inmates who are in
prison to get better results.

"Nature is a necessity, not a luxury," said assistant professor Barb Toews.

According to her, high levels of tension and anger are present in most prisoners
and certain jail employees. These are made worse by sterile surroundings that
frequently do not even have a view of any vegetation or greenery.

The article also tackles a one-hour simple experiment called 'Transplanting

Party' where the plants help the inmates to boost their mood and be happy. In
conclusion, it is well-recognized that spending time in nature can lower stress,
enhance physical health, and improve mental wellness.

2.1 What relevant information does the article give?

The relevant information that the article gives is the importance of nature
and its effects in prisons, where inmates experience less serious diseases and

4
 make fewer sick calls. Nature helps to improve the mental well-being of the
inmates, their aggressiveness is reduced, and most importantly, they will have
decreased recidivism after returning home.

3.1 What are the things/subjects discussed in the article which will be of use in
your study?
The proponent can use the ideas of different planting activities to help the
detainees improve their mental health, especially since there is a farm that includes
in the detention facility proposed by the researcher. Aside from that, the proponent
can think and explore more about what methods should be applied for the planning
and designing of the jail where it will have a connection with nature.

Article 4
Title: Thailand: Architecture Students Work on Building Humane and Healthy Prisons
Author: Ahmad Abu-Goura
Date Published: June 28, 2019
Source: https://www.icrc.org/en/document/thailand-architecture-students-work-building
humane-and-healthy-prisons

1.1 What the article is all about?

The article is about some second-year Architecture students from a

university in Thailand undertaking their semester project to be able to plan and
design humane and healthy prisons. It underscored the importance of making
future generations of architects aware of providing proper accommodation to
inmates, especially in their country where prisons are designed only for men, so
even any gender, especially women, does not receive privacy and proper
correctional facilities. It also shows their consideration of national and international
standards, the UN's Nelson Mandela Rules, and the Bangkok Rules.

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 Figure 40 Organic Prison Design Figure 41 Framing Fracture Design

Figure 40 is another sample work focusing on the concept of light and

hope. According to the students, green symbolizes life and rebirth, so they used
plants in the design. They also included the idea of hydroponic farming so that the
inmates can grow crops while in prison and learn a new ability to help them survive
after being released.

Figure 41 shows a sample design made by one student who interviewed

some female inmates to better understand how successful rehabilitation could be
facilitated by the design of the prison's cells and common rooms, which could
encourage a positive outlook.

2.1 What relevant information does the article give?

This article gives importance to remind the next generation of architects to

always consider the condition of the users for the building to be built in the future.
This article also shows that having a more humane jail is a good step to represent
that architecture has great help for the well-being of people deprived of their
freedom.

3.1 What are the things/subjects discussed in the article that will be useful in
your study?

The article discussing its focus on designing and building a facility that
encourages the rehabilitation and reintegration of inmates is a great help for the
researcher. Giving hope to the inmates can also greatly help them in the way of
architecture because not everyone is capable of doing this. Because there are

6
 many unique concepts and ideas for jails and prisons that have been presented in
the article, it is also a big thing for the proponent to do more research and think if
it is possible to apply them to the study that is being conducted to solve the existing
problems in detention centers, and not just only for aesthetic purposes.

Case Studies

This part of the study serves as a tool for the proponent to know more about the
proposal by critiquing some existing structures or otherwise related to the study of the jail
facility. The proponent provided four case studies consisting of two local and two foreign
which will be discussed more in the next parts.

A. Local Studies

The following local studies regarding the proposal prepared by the

proponent have been thoroughly analyzed to prove that this research study is
indeed feasible and relevant in the Philippines.

lwahig Prison and Penal Farm

• Summary
Location: Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
Total Land Area: 14,700 hectares
Ideal Capacity: 5,000 prisoners
Population: 2,585 prisoners (as of November 2021)
Established: November 16, 1904
Managed by: Bureau of Corrections

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 Figure 42 The Gate of the Prison

Source: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/10/7/life-inside-the
philippines-prison-without-walls

Figure 42 shows the first thing one sees when visiting this penal
settlement. Tourists and the relatives of prisoners are greeted by a single
guard at the entrance gate.

The lwahig Prison and Penal Farm is one of the most famous
prisons in the Philippines and belongs to the list of the world's largest open
air prisons. This institution is known as a "prison without walls" because the
area is only surrounded by a wire fence instead of concrete high prison
walls. The penal settlement operated as a holding facility for inmates who
could not be housed at Manila's Bilibid Prison and kept the country's
dangerous offenders segregated.

All the inmates are categorized into three based on their

performance and behavior, the maximum, medium, and minimum. First,
the maximum or high-profile inmates are not allowed to go outside their
cells. Second, the medium inmates are allowed to roam around the area
but will be escorted by personnel. Lastly, the minimum or regular inmates
are free to go wherever within the facility.

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 lwahig produces 15% of the income for the prison, making it the
most productive penitentiary farm in the Philippines. All prisoners learn a
trade, such as farming, fishing, forestry, or carpentry, except for the
maximum-security offenders, who are kept segregated.

Here, PDLs believed that this prison is better than others because
they have learned to be a better version of themselves due to the proper
treatment with dignity that they received. Other convicts build their
dwellings like huts where they take the materials to the mountain and take
their food daily.

• Architectural Analysis
The architectural approach taken here is different from the prisons
usually seen. In other prisons, only walls can be seen and look like a typical
box, but this prison is more focused on the importance of nature and
displaying facilities inspired by the bahay-na-bato and nipa huts which are
known in the field of Filipino Architecture.

Figure 43 Open Field for Recreational Activities of PDLs

Source: https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/iwahig-palawan

Figure 43 shows how extensive the prison is, which is why there
are many recreational activities that the inmates can do, like playing
different sports.

9
 Figure 44 One of the Cells Figure 45 Inside the Gift Shop

Source: https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/iwahig-palawan

Figures 44 and 45 are examples of the old houses and facilities in

the prison. Since it has been a long time since this prison was established,
the facilities are very old and other parts of it are dilapidated, such as its
recreational hall, gift shop, and cells.

Figure 46 The Division Wall Figure 47 The Wire Fence

Source: https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/iwahig-palawan

Figure 46 shows the division wall for high-profile ones where they
are separated from other inmates where they receive maximum security.
While Figure 47 shows the wire fence that surrounds the prison.

• Findings and Analysis

1. This type of prison is economical because the inmates already have
the resources they need.
2. Inmates are more comfortable staying in such prisons because they
receive more proper treatment and feel the importance of their dignity.

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 3. This concept is effective because even when PDLs have freedom
inside the prison, they learn to abide by the policy.
4. Many areas can be used for development because the area where the
prison is being built is extensive.

• Recommendation/ Application to Present Study

This type of prison is quite amazing because it is not what everyone
usually sees and there are only a few in the Philippines. All the
characteristics mentioned here will be considered by the proponent,
because if all the facilities in the prison are still in good condition, the
researcher thought that this may be the perfect prison that can be used for
reference, especially because there is also a penal farm in the researcher's
proposal.

Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm

• Summary
Location: Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Total Land Area: 16,190 hectares
Ideal Capacity: 6,000 prisoners
Population: 3,372 prisoners (as of November 2021)
Established: January 15, 1955
Managed by: Bureau of Corrections

Figure 48 The Gate of the Prison

Source: https://tribuoccidentalmindoro.wordpress.com/2015/04/29/
sablayan-prison-and-penal-farm/

11
 Figure 48 shows the entrance gate where visitors who come to the
prison are checked here and their belongings.

In contrast to those in other or more traditional prisons, the inmates

in this prison colony practically live in freedom. Instead of being imprisoned
inside metal-barred concrete shelters, they are largely free to roam the
area. They also till the soil to have their own supply of at least basic food
demands for the duration of their stay.

Additionally, inmates are allowed to construct their nipa homes.

Churches and other places of worship were built to accommodate the
prisoners' varied religions because the jail is a mix of different religions.
Some prisoners were even permitted to bring their spouses into the colony
to live with them. Some of the nearby playgrounds provide evidence of this.

• Architectural Analysis
1. Bright color facilities - Unlike other typical prisons, they do not use dead
and boring colors here, instead they used bright colors like green and
yellow to give a positive aura to the inmates, personnel, and visitors.
2. Prison wall - Although the inmates have freedom here, there is still a
prison wall provided, unlike at lwahig Prison and Penal Farm which only
has a wire fence.
3. Well-maintained facilities - Although this prison has been established
for a long time, its beauty is still maintained due to the renovation of the
buildings inside it. This is especially important since most of the
buildings inside the prison are used for meaningful activities, such as
schoolhouses, chapels, recreation halls, and so on.
4. Accessibility - Road networks to the prison and the systems of
pathways connecting different facilities are developed even though the
prison is in the countryside.
5. Spacious land area - there is enough area for the inmates' agricultural
activities and for future development.

12
 • Findings and Analysis
1. Since the land where the prison is being built is so broad, there are
many possibilities for growth and development.
2. This concept works because offenders learn to follow the rules even
when they enjoy freedom within the prison.
3. Inmates want to finish their sentence in this kind of prison because they
receive better treatment and understand the value of their dignity.
4. Because the inmates already have the resources they require in their
surroundings, this sort of prison is cost-effective.

• Recommendation/ Application to Present Study

Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm is a good example of a well
maintained prison even though it has long been established and used.
However, this area can still be developed while maintaining the beauty of
its facility. The researcher can use the qualities of this prison to plan and
design a proposed jail that is as effective as this penal farm.

B. Foreign Studies

Providing Foreign Studies is important for the study to show that if this type
of proposal has been made in other countries, it can also be done in the
Philippines, not only to keep up with new concepts but also for the proponent to be
able to explore another approach that can be taken for the proposed jail facility.

Halden Prison
• Summary
Location: Justisveien 10, 1788 Berg i 0stfold, Norway
Total Land Area: 30 hectares
Ideal Capacity: 250 prisoners
Population: 248 prisoners (as of July 2019)
Established: April 8, 2010
Managed by: Norwegian Correctional Service

13
 Figure 49 The Dormitory Building in Halden Prison

Source: https://www.thestoryinstitute.com/halden

Figure 49 shows how beautiful the facility at Halden Prison is, and
compared to other prisons, the dormitory building is the foremost facility
that looks old and in poor condition.

Halden Prison is known as the "world's most humane prison",

because compared to other penitentiaries, the approach implemented here
is very different, from the appearance of the facilities to the management.
Prisoners who have committed crimes like murder, assault, rape, and other
drug-related crimes are housed in Halden Prison. The main goal of the
prison is to reintegrate the inmates into society as better people.

Figure 50 The Location of the Halden Prison

Source: https://www.thestoryinstitute.com/halden

14
 Figure 50 shows that the institution is in a forest and consists of
several buildings, each with a distinct style and construction material with
the goal of creating a jail with a wide range of architecture.

Many parts of the prison have no security cameras; thus, prisoners

can walk about quite freely. The prisoners and guards frequently interact
during the day, which is why many people have argued that this prison is
excessively luxurious and that being housed there is not a suitable
punishment. But according to the Prison Warden, rehabilitation is the key
and not the punishment.
'The sentence is taking away the freedom, and everyday life
shouldn't be a sentence," quoted by Gudrun Molden, the Halden Prison's
Architect. This prison was designed as a middle-ground between hard and
soft punishment: an attempt to the forefront of the notion that although
convicted criminals have had their liberties revoked, they are on their way
to recovery through the prison system.

• Architectural Analysis
Figure 51 Presentation of a Figure 52 The Top View
Campus Design Prison of the Halden Prison

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5v13wrVEQ2M

Figure 51 shows a presentation of the Campus Design layout,

which was applied to Halden Prison, where facilities are split between
separate buildings, with a surrounding perimeter wall.

15
 Figure 52 shows that unlike other layouts, which have windows that
look out onto the prison itself, campus design gives inmates a rich view of
their surrounding environment. This access to nature also helps inmates
track the passage of time.

Figure 53 The Locations of Prison Facilities

Source: https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/blog/2016/08/prison-nature
social-structure/

Figure 53 shows that prisoners must start their day with a walk -
mimicking life in the outside world and providing easy access to outdoor
physical activity because the facilities here are far apart from each other.
Campus layouts help the relationship within the prison flourish, and Halden
Prison is a setting for a new precedent of what the prison of the future
could look like.

Building materials influence humane design too. In other prisons,

interiors are made from hard materials like concrete, linoleum, and steel.
Materials like this block light, are visually unappealing, and constantly
reflect noise. In Halden Prison, glass was used to let in natural light, and
materials like cork and wood to muffle noise.

16
 There are many facilities inside the prison that can help with the
physical and mental health of the inmates, and spending time outside and
seeing days and seasons pass through windows helps them to be a better
version of themselves.

Figure 54 Cell in Halden Prison Figure 55 The Holy Room

Source: https://www.thestoryinstitute.com/halden

Figure 54 shows that the cells have a bed, a small fridge, a

bookshelf, a TV, a desk, and a chair, plus a private bathroom including a
shower, toilet, and sink. In the school building, there is also a grocery store
named "Justisen" (The Justice) where inmates can buy whatever they need
to cook for themselves and each other. There is also a well-equipped music
studio - "Criminal Records", a garden, a holy room, which is shown in
Figure 55, a gym, a training room, a library, a computer room, a family
visiting house, and more. The school offers prisoners an opportunity to get
a proper education while serving their sentence.

The grounds of humane prisons are usually landscaped carefully.

At Halden, tall birch and pine trees dwarf the buildings and obscure the
perimeter wall, landing what designers call an "anti-authoritarian" feel to the
campus so the inmates can never feel intimidated by the architecture itself.

17
• Findings and Analysis
1. Halden prison's facilities and operations, reflect the principles and
ambitions of the Correctional Services in Norway. Halden prison is the
newest and the most modern prison in Norway.
2. Halden prison is designed to be experienced by both inmates and staff
in a friendly, not authoritarian manner. Therefore, the emphasis is on
good relationships, good design, quality of materials, and strength in
forms.
3. Life under sentences shall be as far as possible like life in the
community. The punishment is to take freedom from people.
Imprisonment shall be no more burdensome than necessary, no one
shall be subject to measures that feel like additional punishment.
4. Designing a humane prison costs money, which is why most of the
groundbreaking work is happening in smaller prison populations and
more robust social support systems allow for more flexible
experimentation.

• Recommendation I Application to Present Study

To anyone familiar with the jail system in the Philippines, Halden
seems to be so different in many aspects. This prison cannot be called the
most humane prison in the world for no reason; however, the proponent
should also take notes about the limitations that can be encountered since
this approach is very different. It captures the researcher's ideas, but some
things should be carefully considered because if it is applied in the
Philippines, in the hardships of this country, people may turn it into a
vacation area and not a detention facility for reformation and rehabilitation.

However, other characteristics of the prison that are more

realistically applicable in the Philippines will be considered by the
researcher, especially the provision of proper and decent facilities. The
Campus Design used in Halden Prison will certainly be applied by the
proponent in the planning of the proposed Pampanga Provincial Jail.

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HMP (Her Majesty's Prison) Addiewell
• Summary
Location: Addiewell, West Lothian, Scotland
Total Land Area: 45 hectares
Ideal Capacity: 700 prisoners
Population: 795 prisoners (as of March 2020)
Established: December 2008
Managed by: Sodexo Justice Services

Figure 56 The Fa<;ade of the HMP Addiewell

Source: https://www.hmpaddiewell.co.uk/home/about-the-prison.html

Figure 56 shows how decent looking the exterior of HMP Addiewell

is and how clean it is compared to the usual appearance of detention
facilities.

The prison is in the village of Addiewell in the central region of

Scotland, halfway between Glasgow and Edinburgh, and it accommodates
adult males who have been convicted or are awaiting trial. By reducing
reoffending and enhancing the quality of life for individuals who are in our
charge and care, they aim to improve lives.

19
 The purpose of HMP Addiewell is to serve as a "learning prison"
where inmates can engage in Purposeful Activity to address their criminal
behavior and the circumstances that led to their incarceration. An essential
component of the rehabilitation process is maintaining family contact and
engaging in purposeful activities such as education, counseling, work, or
other activities while incarcerated.

To establish a learning atmosphere that supports its residents'

personal growth in response to their stated requirements, HMP Addiewell
has designed its Purposeful Activity offer. Their goal is to equip their
residents with the abilities, credentials, and knowledge necessary for
successful reintegration into society after liberation. They work to get them
ready for a positive outcome, such as a full-time job or higher education,
which will greatly lower their risks of re-offending. The goal is for all the
residents now staying in Addiewell to re-enter society.

• Architectural Analysis
Key elements of the design are the use of color and the dominance
of natural light. Inmates benefit from having a relaxed atmosphere where
they can concentrate on studying and arranging themselves.

Figure 57 The Site Layout of the Prison

Source: https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3479957

20
 Figure 57 demonstrates how the design of the prison's site placed
education and training at its core, with two closely spaced, "T"-shaped,
four-story housing blocks on either side forming a planted courtyard. A
dedicated link center, housed in the Central Building's "L" design, offers
programs and interventions aimed at the rehabilitation and reintegration of
offenders.

Figure 58 Education Room Figure 59 Recreation Room

Source: https://www.hmpaddiewell.co.uk/home/about-the-prison.html

To boost the adoption of purposeful activity and decrease the need

for escorting, additional education rooms, recreation, and multi-purpose
spaces are provided within the dwelling blocks, as shown in Figures 58 and
59.

The visiting facility, administration, governor's suite, gate lock, and

estates are all housed in the entry building. By combining all this space into
a single, multipurpose structure, staffing costs are reduced and the
visitation procedure is simplified. Additionally, it makes it possible for the
secure perimeter's line to wrap around the back of the structure, enabling
the addition of windows and producing a warm, welcoming frontage for the
prison.

21
 Figure 60 Interior of Dorm Building Figure 61 Interior of a Cell

Source: https://www.hmpaddiewell.co.uk/home/about-the-prison.html

Figure 60 shows a clean and well-organized jail building where the

entire area can be easily observed due to its good planning and design.
Figure 61 shows the interior of a cell with a proper bed, a clean
toilet, and complete equipment for the use of prisoners.

In architecture, users of a specific building should always be

considered so having a cozy and comfortable place will help inmates,
visitors, and personnel keeps the prison in order.

Lastly, high-quality landscaping is employed throughout the

development to enhance the environment's therapeutic, calming nature
and aid orientation and wayfinding.

• Findings and Analysis

1. The prison's location is ideal for its mission to address convicts'
behavior and circumstances and make their confinement meaningful
and beneficial.
2. This type of approach works because there is a good objective for the
rehabilitation of inmates because their lives will have more meaning if
they are given hope to study and try something else.
3. Compared to other prisons, it is certainly more expensive to spend here
but in the long run, it ensures that it can contribute many things to
society because its goal is to prepare inmates when they return to their
community.

22
 4. HMP Addiewell is not as extravagant as the previous case study, which
is the Halden Prison, but they have almost the same approach, and it
is a good stepping stone to introduce to the world the humane system
of prisons and jails.

• Recommendation/ Application to Present Study

This type of prison has an approach that the researcher also
considers because it includes other goals that this proposal seeks. This
prison is already accommodating and attentive but a few more
developments can be considered, such as adding other facilities to
maximize space, and many more.

The planning of the jail building can be applied to the present study
because the proponent found that the safety and security measures were
correctly provided. Having a cozy exterior due to the use of calming colors
can also be considered by the researcher because apart from being
relaxing for the inmates, it adds to the decent appearance of a jail facility.

23