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PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE

AGGREGATE BY USE OF WASTE GLASS
POWDER AS AN ARTIFICIAL SAND
1 2
Aniket S. Mulmuley, Dr.Anant N. Dabhade
1 2
M.Tech Student Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science, Ramtek, India

Abstract: This paper investigates the study of compressive strength and workability of concrete is done when its fine aggregate
is replaced by wast e glass powder as an artificial sand. 150 * 150 * 150 mm cube are casted of M25,M30 and M35 grade of
concrete for compressive strength. This project aimed to determine the level of glass replacement resulting in optimal compressive,
tensile and flexural strength. Three concrete samples were tested at 7, 14 days and 28 days, for glass replacement proportions of
0%, 10%, 20% and 30% for each concrete mix proportion. The optimum percentage replacement of sand with fine glass aggregate
was determined to be 20%. By using low-cost and environmental friendly building materials from industrial waste, a sustainable
concrete can be produced.

Keywords – Artificial sand, waste glass powder, fine aggregate replacement, compressive strength, flexural strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
Aggregate is the natural material which we obtained naturally on earth, generally we use natural stone as coarse aggregate and
river sand as fine aggregate, but in some region of the world availability of these natural is quite low and some region, it is not
available, due to this waste material is introduced as a partial or full replacement of the natural aggregate. Population levels around
the globe are increasing rapidly, resulting in unprecedented levels of waste material. New and innovative methods of recycling need
to be established in order to ensure that we do not run out of room for storage. Glass, being non-biodegradable, is one such material
that is not suitable for addition to landfill. Fortunately, glass can be recycled indefinitely with- out any loss in quality, but first needs
to be sorted by color. Early studies into the effects of incorporating waste glass into concrete focused on its suitability as a
replacement for coarse aggregate. The results from these tests demonstrated that the presence of larger glass particles caused
excessive expansion and cracking of the concrete specimens, resulting in compromised structural integrity. In order to minimize
alkali-silica reactions the partial replacement of fine aggregate or cement in concrete has been investigated.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Adarsh Dubey ,Sanjay Saraswat, Devansh Jain (2014) expressed that use of waste material in concrete achieves a new height
in the present construction world. In concrete all their ingredients are partially or fully replaced by many waste materials like Cement
is replaced by Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Wheat Straw Ash, etc., Fine aggregate is replaced by Saw Dust Ash, Quarry Fines, and
Glass Powder etc. Andcoarse aggregate is replaced by cockle shell, tire rubber, recycle aggregate etc.

Jitendra B. Jangid, Prof.A.C.Saoji(2014) study showed that like PFA & GGBS a waste glass powder also act as a filler material
in partial replacement of cement which takes some part of reaction at the time of hydration. Waste glass when ground to a very fine
powder shows pozzolanic prosperities as it contains high SiO2 and therefore to some extent can replaced cement in concrete and
contribute strength development.

D.Elavarasan, Dr.G.Dhanalakshmi (2016) expressed that concrete industry is one of the consumers of natural resources due to
which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. In this paper, the issues of economic concern are addressed by the use of
waste glass as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete. Fine aggregates were replaced by waste glass powder as 0%, 10%,
20%, and 30% and by weight for M-20 mix. The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength
at the 7th and 28th days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete.

Prajakta N. Haramkar, Sneha Maske, Rajesh M. Kushwaha, Rohit R. Sawalakhe (2018) expressed that Glass waste creates
chronic environmental problems, mainly due to the inconsistency of waste glass streams. Glass is widely used in our lives through
manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. Glass is an ideal material for recycling. The use
of recycled glass helps in energy saving. The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste

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glass with different forms in various fields. One of its significant contributions is to the construction field where the waste glass
was reused for concrete production. The properties of concretes glass dust waste as fine aggregate were investigated in this study.

Norfaniza Mokhtar and Nurul Atikah Jalani (2021) study expressed that Silica exists in waste glass components made it becomes
a pozzolanic material and suitable to be used in a concrete mixture. The performance of the waste glass as fine aggregate was
reviewed by considering the workability of fresh concrete, the strength, and the splitting tensile of hardened concrete. The range of
the replacement waste are 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The influence of the waste glass on the microstructure of the concrete also have
been evaluated. A total of seventeen previous research papers were collected and review based on the parameters selected.
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A.MATERIALS
In this investigation, the following materials were used:
(a)Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 Grade of brand name Ultra Tech Company, available in the local market was used
for the investigation. The cement thus procured was tested for physical requirements in accordance with IS: 169-1989 and for
chemical requirement in accordance IS: 4032-1988. The physical properties of the cement are listed in Table – 3.1

Table 3.1: Properties of cement

Sr.No Properties Test results IS: 4013-1963

1. Standard consistency 28.5% 24% - 34%
2. Initial setting time 35min Minimum of 30min
3. Final setting time 480min Maximum of 600min
4 Specific gravity 3.02 3-4
5 Fineness 5% 10%
Compressive strength
3days strength 29.2 Mpa Minimum of 27Mpa
6 7days strength 44.6 Mpa Minimum of 40Mpa
28days strength 56.6 Mpa Minimum of 53Mpa
(b)Fine Aggregate: Fine aggregate used throughout the study comprised of white river sand and strictly pass from 4.75mm IS
sieve, conforming to zone III as per IS383-1970. M Sand is a industrial granular material which is mainly composed of fine divided
rocky material and mineral particles.
Table 3.2: Properties of Fine Aggregate

Sr. Properties Test Result I.S Recommendation

No
1 M Sand zone Zone- III IS 383 Table- 3
2 Specific gravity 2.51 IS 2386 - 1963
3 Fineness modulus 4 IS 2386 - 1963
4 Moisture content 1% --------------
5 Water absorption 1.39% IS 2386 - 1963

(c) Coarse Aggregate: Coarse aggregates used consisted of machine crushed stone angular in shape passing through 20mm IS
sieve and retained on 4.75mm IS sieve. The aggregates were tested for their physical requirements such as gradation, fineness
modulus, specific gravity and bulk density, moisture content in accordance with IS: 2386-1963.

Table 3.3: Properties of Coarse Aggregate

Sr.No Properties Test Results I.S Recommendation

1 Nominal size used 20mm and down ------------
2 Specific gravity 2.69 IS 2386 - 1963
3 Moisture content 0.1% IS 2386 - 1963
4 Water absorption 0.15% IS 2386 - 1963
5 Fineness Modulus 5.2 IS 2386 - 1963

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(d) Glass Powder: Glass powder was pulverized in Los Angeles abrasion apparatus and then sieved through 1.18mm IS
sieve. The glass was further subjected to a sieving process, with fractions in excess of 1.18 mm being discarded in order to avoid
excessive ASR.
Table 3.4: Properties of crushed glass powder

Sr.No Properties Test Result I.S Recommendation

1 Specific gravity 2.4 IS 2386 - 1963

2 Fineness modulus 3.32 IS 2386 - 1963

(e) Water: Water plays a vital role in achieving the strength of concrete. For complete hydration it requires about 3/10th
of its weight of water. Potable water fit for drinking is required to be used in the concrete and it should have pH value
ranges between 6 to 9.

B. METHOD
Mix design of the concrete is done strictly as per the specification of the IS 10262: 2009. According to IS code specification
mix of M25,M30 ,M35 grade is designed, 5 different types of mix are prepared with different percentage i.e. 0% ,10%,20% ,30%
of Glass powder as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate. CC mix is prepared with 0% of Glass Powder or we can also pronounce
it is controlled concrete (Normal concrete), GP10 mix contains 10% of the Glass Powder. While GP20, GP30 contains 10, 20 and
30 percentage of Glass Powder respectively.
Table 3.5: Concrete Mix proportion Summary

Concrete Mix % Replacement of Crushed glass Fine Aggregates

Grade Proportion fine aggregate Material (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
M25 1:1.24:2.71 0% - 545.01
10% 54.50 490.51
20% 109.00 436.01
30% 163.50 381.51
M30 1:1.86:2.91 0% - 702
10% 70.2 631.8
20% 140.4 561.6
30% 210.6 491.4
M35 1:2.15:2.62 0% - 812
10% 81.2 730.8
20% 162.4 649.6
30% 243.6 568.4

In this study, the production of concrete for this test was conducted at the concrete laboratory. All preparation of concrete was
undertaken in accordance with IS 10262: 2009. Nine specimens were created for each percentage replacement of glass, with three
samples being used for the seven, fourteen and twenty eight days respectively. Mixing of the concrete was carried out by hand
mixing. Concrete moulds used were cube of Size 150mmx150mmx150mm. To prevent adhesion, all moulds were coated with a thin
layer grease, which consisted of 93% liquid hydrocarbons .In preparing the final samples, concrete was added to the concrete moulds
incrementally. Each layer was subjected to vibration with a table vibrator for 5 - 10 seconds, and was ceased once visibly trapped air
was eliminated. Concrete was al- lowed to air-cure for a period of 24 hours, before being removed from the moulds and transferred
to a water bath set at 23 degrees for the remainder of the curing period.

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Fig.3.1 Flow chart showing experimental procedure for casting of cubes

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Test Performed Result For Fresh Concrete
4.1.1 Slump test of workability: Table 4.1 represents the slump value of the concrete mix M25,M30 and M35 . The slump increased
with the growth in waste glass content. Waste glass particles absorbed less water as compared to sand and hence improving the
workability of concrete admixture.

Table 4.1: Workability of Concrete

% Replacement Slump in mm
of fine M25 Grade of Concrete M30 Grade of Concrete M35 Grade of Concrete
aggregate
CC 62 59 52
GP10 68 63 61
GP20 71 76 66
GP30 81 84 78

Workability of Workability of concrete Workability of concrete

concrete(M25) (M30) (M35)
Slump (mm)

Slump (mm)

100 100
Slump (mm)

100

0 0 0
CC GP10 GP20 GP30 CC GP10 GP20 GP30 CC GP10 GP20 GP30

Concrete mix for different % of Concrete mix for different % of

Concrete mix for different % replacement of FA by Glass… replacement of FA by Glass …
of replacement of FA by…
Workability of concrete Workability of concrete Workability of concrete

Fig.4.1 Variation in workability for different % replacement of glass powder

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4.2. Test Performed Result For Hardened Concrete
4.2.1. Compressive Strength Results: The cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150mm were casted and tested for 7 days , 14 days and 28
days. The test results are tabulated below:

Table 4.2: Compressive test result for different grade of concrete

Compressive Strength(N/mm2)
Grade of Mix
7 Day 14 Day 28 Day
Concrete
M25 Normal CC(0%) 21.65 25.66 29.32
GP10 23.54 23.73 34.15
GP20 24.72 30.51 36.77
GP30 22.11 25.98 32.20
M30 Normal CC(0%) 22.88 31.36 35.51
GP10 25.12 34.87 38.65
GP20 28.45 39.52 43.70
GP30 25.30 35.07 38.91
M35 Normal CC(0%) 31.58 35.16 39.63
GP10 33.41 36.33 42.03
GP20 34.83 40.36 44.58
GP30 32.08 35.77 41.10

Compressive strength comparision for 7 , 14 and 28Days (M25

Grade of concrete)
Compressive strength

40
in N/mm2

20 7Days
0 14 Days
Normal 10% 20% 30%
28Days
% Replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder
Fig 4.2.Comparision of compressive strength for 7 ,14,28 days(Grade M-25)

Compressive strength comparision for 7 , 14 and 28Days

(M30 Grade of concrete)
Compressive strength in

60

40
N/mm2

7Days
20
14 Days
0
28Days
Normal 10% 20% 30%
% Replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder

Fig 4.3.Comparision of compressive strength for 7 ,14,28 days(Grade M-30)

Compressive strength comparision for 7 , 14 and 28Days

(M35 Grade of concrete)
Compressive strength in

60
40
7Days
N/mm2

20
14 Days
0
28Days
Normal 10% 20% 30%
% Replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder

Fig 4.4.Comparision of compressive strength for 7 ,14,28 days(Grade M-35)

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V. CONCLUSION
The test results for conventional and designed concrete werecompared in order to obtain the strength aspect of concrete. The
variation of workability and compressive strength of concrete have studied considering the environmental aspects also and the
following conclusions are obtained.
 The 7 days, 14 days and 28 days compressive strengths of concrete increase initially as the replacement percentage of fine
aggregate with glass powder increases, and become maximum at about 20% and later decreases.
 Compressive strength was found to increase with the addition of waste glass to the mix up until the optimum level of
replacement. This can be attributed to the angular nature of the glass particles facilitating increased bonding with the
cement paste.
 Workability of concrete goes on increasing with increasing the replacement percentage of fine aggregate with glass powder
content.
 The water absorption is found to be decreases with increases in percentage of glass powder content in concrete mix as fine
aggregate have more water absorption in nature compare to glass powder.
 Utilization of waste glass in concrete can turn out to be economical as it is no useful waste and spare of cost.
 Utilization of waste glass in concrete will eradicate the disposal problem of waste glass and essay to be environment
friendly, thus paving way for greener concrete.
 Utilization of waste glass in concrete will keep natural resources, particularly river sand and therefore constitute the
concrete construction industry sustainable.

REFERENCES
1. 53 Grade Ordinary Portland cement – Specification. IS12269-1987, Bureau Indian Standards, New Delhi.
2. Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete. IS: 383-1970, Bureauof Indian Standards,
New Delhi.
3. Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design. IS: 10262-1982, Bureau of Indian Standards, NewDelhi.
4. Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete. IS: 1199-1959, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
5. Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete. IS: 516- 1959, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
6. IS 456-2000, Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi.
7. Priscilla.M, Mr.Pushparaj A Naik (2014).“Strength and Durability Study on Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Glass Powder
, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 11, Issue 5, pp:259-264.
8. Nithin.V, Mr. M.U.Kiran (2015). “Experimental Investigation on Strength Parameters for Composite Concrete by Using Waste
Glass Powder, Flyash Aggregate and M-Sand”, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research, Vol.
3, Issue 1, pp: 407- 412.
9. Shruthi.S, S.Chandrakala, G.Narayana (2015).“PartialReplacement Of Cement In Concrete Using Waste Glass Powder And
M-Sand As Fine Aggregate”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume 4, Issue8,
pp:133-138.
10. Ismail.Z, and Al-Hashmi.E(2009).“Recycling of waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete”, Journal
of Waste Management, Vol. 29, pp. 655-659
11. Edward Harrison, Aydin Berenjian, Mostafa Seifan(2020). “Recycling of waste glass as aggregate in cement-based
materials”, Environmental Science and Ecotechnology,pp:2666-4984
12. Norfaniza Mokhtar , Nurul Atikah Jalani(2021). “A Review on the Performance of Waste Glass as PartialReplacement of
Fine Aggregate”,Material science and Engineering,pp:1757-899X

13. Prajakta N. Haramkar,Sneha Maske, Rajesh M. Kushwaha(2021). “Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregate By UsingGlass
Powder”,International Conference On Emanations in Modern Engineering Science and Management,pp:2282-2287

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