CNN Architecture and Training

Uploaded image

The question is asking for two parts related to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs):

1. Explanation of CNN Architecture with a suitable diagram (6 marks):

CNNs are designed for processing structured grid data such as images.
The typical architecture of a CNN consists of the following layers:
1. Input Layer: Receives the input image in the form of pixel values.
2. Convolutional Layer (Conv Layer): Applies convolution operations with various filters
to detect different features (edges, textures, etc.). The output of this layer is called a
feature map.
3. Activation Function (ReLU): After convolution, a Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is
applied to introduce non-linearity.
4. Pooling Layer (Max Pooling): Reduces the spatial dimensions of the feature map,
preserving important features while reducing computational cost.
5. Fully Connected Layer: After flattening the pooled feature maps, this layer connects
all neurons to predict the output.
6. Output Layer: Typically a softmax layer for classification tasks.
Here's a rough outline of the architecture:
[Input] → [Convolution + ReLU] → [Pooling] → [Fully Connected] → [Output]
2. Training procedure and backpropagation method for CNNs (4 marks):
Training Procedure: The CNN is trained using a labeled dataset. For each input image, the
CNN predicts an output (class), and the difference between the predicted output and the
actual label (ground truth) is used to calculate the loss (usually cross-entropy for
classification tasks).
Backpropagation: To minimize the loss, gradients of the loss with respect to each
parameter in the network are calculated. Using these gradients, the weights are updated in
the opposite direction to reduce the loss using an optimization algorithm (commonly,
Stochastic Gradient Descent or Adam).
In CNNs, backpropagation involves calculating gradients for each layer, including the
convolutional and fully connected layers, by using the chain rule of calculus.
During backpropagation in the convolutional layers, the gradients flow from the
output back to the earlier layers, adjusting the filter weights to better detect relevant
features.

Would you like a detailed diagram of the CNN architecture as well?

give me the text in the image

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 1/7
 The text in the image is:
i) Explain the Convolutional Neural Network model Architecture with suitable diagram. (6)
ii) Discuss a training procedure and a backpropagation method that is best suitable for the CNN
model. (4)

The text in the image is as follows:

To design a CNN classifier model, calculate the number of weights, number of biases and the size of
the associated feature maps for each layer. Consider the following notations in the convention:

CONV-K-N denotes a convolutional layer with N filters, each of them of size KxK. Padding and
stride parameters are always 0 and 1 respectively.
POOL-K indicates a KxK pooling layer with stride K and padding 0.
FC-N stands for a fully-connected layer with N neurons.

Calculate the following table:

Layer Activation map dimensions Number of weights Number of biases
INPUT 128 x 128 x 3 0 0

CONV-9-32
POOL-2
CONV-5-64

POOL-2
CONV-5-64

POOL-2

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 2/7
 Layer Activation map dimensions Number of weights Number of biases

FC-3

give me the complete detail solution

Let's solve the problem step by step by filling out the table for each layer in the CNN model. The task
involves calculating the number of weights, number of biases, and the activation map dimensions
after each layer.

Formula Recap

1. Number of Weights in a Convolutional Layer (CONV-K-N):

Each filter has dimensions K × K × Previous Layer Channels.
Number of weights for each filter: K 2 × Input Channels.
Number of total weights: K 2 × Input Channels × N (where N is the number of filters).
2. Number of Biases:
One bias per filter, so the number of biases = number of filters N .
3. Activation Map Dimensions for CONV Layers:
If padding = 0, stride = 1, the formula for output dimensions:

Input Dimension − K
Output Dimension = +1
Stride
​

where K is the filter size.

4. Pooling Layer (POOL-K):
Pooling reduces the activation map size. For a 2x2 pooling, the new dimensions will be:

Input Dimension
Output Dimension =
2
​

(assuming stride = 2, no padding).

5. Fully Connected (FC) Layer:
The number of weights = (Input Size) × (Number of Neurons).
Number of biases = number of neurons.

Given Values

Input Layer: 128 × 128 × 3 (128x128 image with 3 channels, RGB)

First CONV Layer (CONV-9-32): 32 filters of size 9x9
Pooling Layers (POOL-2): 2x2 pooling
Second CONV Layer (CONV-5-64): 64 filters of size 5x5
FC Layer (FC-3): Fully connected layer with 3 output neurons (likely for 3 classes)

Step 1: INPUT Layer

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 3/7
 Activation map dimensions: 128 × 128 × 3
Number of weights: 0 (no weights in the input layer)
Number of biases: 0 (no biases in the input layer)

Step 2: First Convolutional Layer (CONV-9-32)

Input dimensions: 128 × 128 × 3

Filter size (K): 9 × 9
Number of filters (N): 32

Number of weights:

Each filter has 9 × 9 × 3 = 243 weights.

Total weights: 243 × 32 = 7776.

Number of biases:

One bias per filter, so 32 biases.

Activation map dimensions:

Using the formula:

128 − 9
+ 1 = 120
1
​

Output dimensions: 120 × 120 × 32.

Step 3: First Pooling Layer (POOL-2)

Input dimensions: 120 × 120 × 32

Pooling size: 2 × 2

Activation map dimensions:

After 2x2 pooling:

120
= 60
2
​

Output dimensions: 60 × 60 × 32.

Number of weights: 0 (no weights in pooling layers)
Number of biases: 0 (no biases in pooling layers)

Step 4: Second Convolutional Layer (CONV-5-64)

Input dimensions: 60 × 60 × 32
Filter size (K): 5 × 5
Number of filters (N): 64

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 4/7
 Number of weights:

Each filter has 5 × 5 × 32 = 800 weights.

Total weights: 800 × 64 = 51200.

Number of biases:

One bias per filter, so 64 biases.

Activation map dimensions:

Using the formula:

60 − 5
+ 1 = 56
1
​

Output dimensions: 56 × 56 × 64.

Step 5: Second Pooling Layer (POOL-2)

Input dimensions: 56 × 56 × 64
Pooling size: 2 × 2

Activation map dimensions:

After 2x2 pooling:

56
= 28
2
​

Output dimensions: 28 × 28 × 64.

Number of weights: 0
Number of biases: 0

Step 6: Third Convolutional Layer (CONV-5-64)

Input dimensions: 28 × 28 × 64
Filter size (K): 5 × 5
Number of filters (N): 64

Number of weights:

Each filter has 5 × 5 × 64 = 1600 weights.

Total weights: 1600 × 64 = 102400.

Number of biases:

One bias per filter, so 64 biases.

Activation map dimensions:

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 5/7
 28 − 5
+ 1 = 24
1
​

Output dimensions: 24 × 24 × 64.

Step 7: Third Pooling Layer (POOL-2)

Input dimensions: 24 × 24 × 64
Pooling size: 2 × 2

Activation map dimensions:

After 2x2 pooling:

24
= 12
2
​

Output dimensions: 12 × 12 × 64.

Number of weights: 0
Number of biases: 0

Step 8: Fully Connected Layer (FC-3)

Input dimensions: Flattened output of previous layer: 12 × 12 × 64 = 9216

Number of neurons (N): 3

Number of weights:

Total weights: 9216 × 3 = 27648.

Number of biases:

3 biases (one for each neuron).

Activation map dimensions:

Output dimensions: 3 (for 3 classes)

Final Table:

Layer Activation map dimensions Number of weights Number of biases

INPUT 128 x 128 x 3 0 0

CONV-9-32 120 x 120 x 32 7776 32

POOL-2 60 x 60 x 32 0 0
CONV-5-64 56 x 56 x 64 51200 64

POOL-2 28 x 28 x 64 0 0

CONV-5-64 24 x 24 x 64 102400 64

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 6/7
 Layer Activation map dimensions Number of weights Number of biases
POOL-2 12 x 12 x 64 0 0

FC-3 3 27648 3

This completes the solution!

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Printed using Save ChatGPT as PDF, powered by PDFCrowd HTML to PDF API. 7/7