J. Chem. Eng.

Data 2009, 54, 2895–2901 2895

Molar Heat Capacity of Aqueous Sulfolane, 4-Formylmorpholine,

1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and Triethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Solutions from
(303.15 to 353.15) K

Mayur Mundhwa, Salaheddin Elmahmudi, Yadi Maham,† and Amr Henni*,‡

International Test Center (ITC) for CO2 Capture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada

The present study has focused on the experimental measurements of the molar heat capacities of four aqueous
physical solvents of importance in natural gas sweetening: (1) tetramethylene sulfone (sulfolane), (2)
4-formylmorpholine (NFM), (3) 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and (4) triethylene glycol dimethyl ether
(TEGDME). The measurements of the molar heat capacities were carried out in the temperature range of
(303.15 to 353.15) K and for the entire range of mole fractions. Fractional deviations of the measured
molar heat capacities from literature data were less than 1 %, and at worst 2 %. Molar excess heat capacities
were calculated from the measurements and correlated as a function of mole fraction and temperature
employing the Redlich-Kister equation. The excess partial molar quantities (Coi - C*) i were calculated by
extrapolating the reduced excess heat capacity (CEp /x1x2) function at x1 ) 0 and x1 ) 1.

Introduction (CpE/x1x2) functions serve as sensitive indicators of phase

transition and are also used to understand the changes in the
Physical solvents have been extensively studied during the
structure of liquid solutions. Previously published data on excess
last 25 years because of their industrial importance in the
volumes and viscosity deviations were combined with the
removal of CO2 and H2S from high-pressure gas streams.
present work to draw some conclusions on the intermolecular
Knowledge of various thermodynamic properties such as molar
interactions with water.
heat capacities (Cp) and enthalpies (H) is required for engineer-
ing design and subsequent operations.1
Physical solvents are nonreactive organic polar solvents that Materials
physically dissolve the acid gases. Solvent regeneration is done Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (Fluka, 99.0 %), 1-methyl-
by reducing the pressure and requires less energy than chemical 2-pyrrolidinone (Fluka, 99.5 %), 4-formylmorpholine (Fluka,
solvents. Physical solvents are also less corrosive than chemical 99.0 %), and tetramethylene sulfone (Fluka, 99.0 %) were used
solvents as no chemical reaction takes place with the acid gases. without further purification. A standard reference material,
Physical solvents such as tetramethylene sulfone (sulfolane), synthetic sapphire (R-Al2O3, 99.99 %), was purchased from the
4-formylmorpholine (NFM), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg.
and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) are widely All purities reported were on a mass basis.
used as absorbents to remove acid gases from the high-pressure
natural gas streams. Molar heat capacities for physical solvents Experimental Section
are required for the calculation of heat balances around the
absorbers, regenerators, and heat exchangers used in gas-treating Aqueous solutions were prepared on the basis of mole
industries. The molar heat capacities of aqueous sulfolane fractions. An analytical balance manufactured by Ohaus (model
solutions were measured by Steele et al.,2 Castagnolo et al.,3 AP250D, Florham Park, NJ) with a precision of ( 0.1 mg was
and Ho.4 Becker and Gmehling5 published the heat capacities used to prepare gravimetrically the binary mixtures of solvent
for pure TEGDME. For the three aqueous systems of TEGDME, and deionized water. The overall possible uncertainty in the mole
NMP, and NFM, the heat capacities were not found in the fractions was ( 0.0002.
literature. The aim of this study was to experimentally determine The measurements of the molar heat capacities were carried
the heat capacities of these physical solvents. The experimental out in a C-80 heat flow calorimeter manufactured by SETARAM
Cp values were used to calculate the molar excess heat capacities Instrumentation (France). The C-80 calorimeter, working on the
(CpE) and correlated as a function of mole fraction and temper- Tian-Calvet heat flow principle, was described in detail by
ature employing the Redlich-Kister equation. For the sake of Calvet et al.6 To obtain precise measurements of the molar heat
completeness, the partial molar quantities Coi - C*i were capacity of a sample, the sensitivity and the temperature scale
calculated by extrapolating the reduced excess heat capacity (CEp / of the C80 calorimeter were first calibrated. The calibration was
x1x2) function at x1 ) 0 and x1 ) 1. Reduced excess heat capacity performed for the entire temperature range of the C80 calorim-
eter, i.e., (303.15 to 573.15) K, at a scanning rate of 0.1
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: amr.henni@ K · min-1. Two specially designed Joule-effect calibration cells
aramco.ca.
†
and a calibration unit (EJ3), supplied by SETARAM with all
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, the necessary accessories, were used for the sensitivity calibra-
Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada.
‡
R&D Center, Carbon Management, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi tion. A detailed description of the sensitivity calibration was
Arabia. given elsewhere.7 The temperature calibration was performed
10.1021/je800999s CCC: $40.75  2009 American Chemical Society
Published on Web 07/22/2009
2896 Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2009

by measuring the displayed temperature of a phase change of a capacity measurements of MEA were carried out over the
substance (indium), which has a well-documented precise (fixed) temperature range of (303.15 to 353.15) K. Figure 2 shows the
transition temperature. A sample of pure indium was encapsu- comparison between Cp of MEA measured in the present study
lated in aluminum foil and placed inside the standard cell. The and the literature values. The values of Cp obtained in this study
melting point was found by measuring the rate of the heat flow were in excellent agreement with values obtained by Chiu et
into a sample as a function of temperature at melting time. The al.13 Figures 3 and 4 show the comparison of the molar heat
difference between the observed and actual transition temper- capacities measured in the present study for both pure sulfolane
ature determined the amount of necessary adjustment. The and TEGDME with those available in the literature. As shown
manufacturer uncertainty in the measured temperature was given in Figures 3 and 4, the values of the Cp obtained in this study
as ( 0.0001 K. The detailed description of the temperature were in excellent agreement for sulfolane and TEGDME.2,8 The
calibration was also given elsewhere.7 deviations in all four systems were less than 1 %.
For the measurement of the molar heat capacity, a sample The obtained values of Cp for all pure physical solvents are
weighting about (5.5 to 6) g was placed inside the sample cell. expressed as a function of temperature for all four studied
The cell was positioned into the measurement chamber of the systems. The values of Cp for the binary systems sulfolane +
calorimeter. The reference cell placed in the reference chamber of H2O, NMP + H2O, NFM + H2O, and TEGDME + H2O were
the calorimeter remained empty. Both the sample and reference measured from (303.15 to 353.15) K and are listed in Tables 1,
cells were allowed to come to an isothermal condition over a period 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
of (3 to 4) h. After allowing sufficient time to reach the isothermal An excess molar heat capacity for a mixture is defined as14
condition at T ) 298.15 K, the temperature of both cells was
increased at the scanning rate of 0.1 K · min-1. During this time, CEp ) Cp - xwCp,w
o
- (1 - xw)Cp,s
o
(2)
the calorimetric signal increased as a function of time. On where CpE is the molar excess molar heat capacity; o
Cp,w is the
attainment of the set temperature, the calorimeter automatically molar heat capacity of water; Cp,so
is the molar heat capacity of
reverted to an isothermal mode, causing the calorimetric signal to solvent; and xw is the mole fraction of water. The Redlich-Kister
return to the baseline. To obtain the most precise values of Cp, the equation was employed to represent the compositional depen-
three-step method was employed. Becker and Gmehling5 and also dence of the excess molar heat capacity for all four binary
Becker et al.8 have used this method to measure the heat capacity mixtures as follows
for 12 and 9 organic substances, respectively. In this method, two
additional runs were performed with (1) both cells empty and (2) n

the reference material before running the sample run; i.e., the CEp (J · mol-1 · K-1) ) x1(1 - x1) ∑ Ai(x1 - x2)i-1
measurements of the molar heat capacities were conducted with i)1

(1) blank run, (2) reference run, and (3) sample run. For the (3)
reference run, a standard sapphire was used as a reference material. The temperature dependence of Ai was assumed to follow the
All runs were performed under the same experimental conditions. following relation
The heat flow values of all runs were noted for the desired
temperature, and the molar heat capacity values were then Ai ) ai,0 + ai,1(T/K) (4)
calculated using the following equation.
The number of terms (Ai) in eq 3 used to represent the excess

( )
F
Hsample - Hblank
F molar heat capacity depended on the degree of complexity of
Cp(T)/(J · mol-1 · K-1) ) × the binary systems. The number of coefficients was set according
F
Hreference - Hblank
F
to the results of the F-test and is shown in Table 5.

( )
mreference The partial molar excess quantities for physical solvents C1o
C (T) (1) - C*1 and water Co2 - C*2 were calculated by extrapolating (CEp /
msample p,reference
x1x2) at x1 ) 0 and x1 ) 1, respectively. According to Desnoyers
where Cp(T) and Cp,reference(T) are the molar heat capacity of the and Perron,15 the reduced molar excess heat capacity functions
sample and reference substance (sapphire) at the desired temper- would give a better picture of the nonideality in the mixtures.
ature T, respectively; HFsample, HFreference, and HFblank are the heat flows Table 6 shows that the values of C1o - C*1 and C2o - C*2
of the sample, reference (sapphire), and blank runs, respectively, increased with temperatures for all the physical solvents studied
at temperature T; and msample and mreference are the masses of the (except TEGDME). It is important to observe that the values
sample and reference substance (sapphire), respectively. The values of the excess partial molar quantities varied linearly with
of the Cp,reference(T) in eq 1 were taken from ref 9. temperature.

Results and Discussion Sulfolane System

To assess the accuracy of the calorimeter, the molar heat Experimentally measured molar heat capacities of binary
capacities of several systems over a large temperature range aqueous solutions of sulfolane from T ) (303.15 to 353.15) K
were measured. The molar heat capacity measurements of are presented in Table 1 with an interval of 5 K throughout the
sapphire were conducted over the temperature range of (298.15 whole concentration range. The continuous method has provided
to 360.15) K at a scanning rate of 0.1 K · min-1. About 5 g of reproducible results with an overall absolute deviation of 0.3
sapphire was used in the run. Ginnings and Furukawa,10 Inaba,11 %. The obtained values for the molar heat capacity of pure
and Xu12 have also measured the molar heat capacity of sulfolane (J · mol-1 · K-1) were correlated with a linear function
sapphire. The values of the Cp obtained in this study were in of the temperature in the range from (303.15 to 353.15) K
excellent agreement with values found in the literature as shown
Cp,sulfolane ) 0.3255(T/K) + 82.989 (5)
in Figure 1. If data from Ginnings and Furukawa10 were not
included, the deviations would be less than 1 %. Monoethano- The equation correlated the data with a standard deviation of
lamine (MEA) was also used, using the three-step method 0.0045 %. The molar heat capacity for pure sulfolane increased
described earlier, to test the precision of the calorimeter. Heat as temperature increased.
 Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2009 2897

Table 1. Molar Heat Capacity (Cp) for Sulfolane (1) + H2O (2) from T ) (303.15 to 353.15) K as a Function of Mole Fraction x1
Cp/(J · mol-1 · K-1)
T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K )
x1 303.15 308.15 313.15 318.15 323.15 328.15 333.15 338.15 343.15 348.15 353.15
0.0999 87 88 88 88 89 89 89 90 90 91 91
0.1998 100 100 101 102 102 103 104 104 105 106 107
0.2987 112 113 114 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121
0.3995 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 135
0.4945 135 136 137 138 139 141 142 143 144 146 148
0.5987 145 147 148 149 150 152 153 155 156 158 160
0.6984 155 156 157 159 160 162 164 165 167 169 171
0.7904 164 166 167 168 170 172 173 175 177 179 181
0.8865 173 175 176 177 179 181 183 184 186 188 191
1.0000 182 184 185 186 188 189 191 193 194 197 199

Table 2. Molar Heat Capacity (Cp) for NFM (1) + H2O (2) from T ) (303.15 to 353.15) K as a Function of Mole Fraction x1
Cp/(J · mol-1 · K-1)
T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K )
x1 303.15 308.15 313.15 318.15 323.15 328.15 333.15 338.15 343.15 348.15 353.15
0.0997 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 90 91 91 92
0.1998 98 99 100 100 101 102 103 104 106 107 107
0.2992 111 111 113 114 115 116 117 118 120 121 122
0.3993 123 124 125 126 127 129 130 131 133 135 135
0.4975 134 135 137 138 140 141 142 144 146 147 148
0.5978 145 146 148 149 150 152 153 155 157 158 159
0.6954 154 156 158 159 161 162 164 166 168 169 170
0.7988 164 166 168 169 171 173 174 176 178 180 181
0.8946 174 176 178 179 181 183 184 186 189 190 191
1.0000 185 186 188 189 191 193 195 197 200 201 202

Table 3. Molar Heat Capacity (Cp) for NMP (1) + H2O (2) from T ) (303.15 to 353.15) K as a Function of Mole Fraction x1
Cp/(J · mol-1 · K-1)
T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K )
x1 303.15 308.15 313.15 318.15 323.15 328.15 333.15 338.15 343.15 348.15 353.15
0.0999 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 95 95
0.1998 102 103 104 105 105 106 107 108 109 110 110
0.2984 113 114 115 116 118 119 120 121 122 123 124
0.3979 122 123 124 125 127 128 129 131 132 133 134
0.4961 129 131 132 133 135 136 138 139 141 142 142
0.5981 137 138 140 141 142 144 145 147 149 150 151
0.6917 144 146 147 148 150 151 153 154 156 157 158
0.799 152 153 154 155 157 158 160 161 163 164 165
0.8946 158 160 161 162 164 165 166 168 169 170 170
1.0000 166 167 168 169 170 172 174 175 176 177 178

Excess molar heat capacities of binary aqueous sulfolane molar heat capacity of pure NFM (J · mol-1 · K-1) were correlated
mixtures are shown in Figure 5. All the excess molar heat with a linear function of temperature in the range from (303.15
capacity values were positive with a maximum value at 0.5 mol to 353.15) K
fraction of sulfolane for all temperatures. The CpE values also
increased with increasing temperature. Cp,NFM ) 0.3672(T/K) + 72.984 (6)
Figure 6 shows the concentration dependency of the reduced
The equation correlated the data with a standard deviation of
molar excess heat capacity (CpE/x1x2) function of the sulfolane
0.003 %. Table 2 shows the increase in the molar heat capacity
+ water system at various temperatures. It also shows a sharp
of the mixture after the addition of NFM. The effect of the
change in the reduced molar heat capacity function in both the
composition on the molar heat capacity increased with the
water- and solvent-rich regions. (CpE/x1x2) values reached a
increase in temperature. No experimental Cp values were
maximum at around x1 ) 0.5. On the basis of the shape of CpE
available in the literature for NFM.
and (CpE/x1x2) plots, Desnoyers and Perron15 suggested that for
The excess molar heat capacities of the aqueous NFM
this kind of system there is a possibility of formation of a
mixtures are shown in Figure 7. All the excess molar heat
complex. Measurements of density and viscosity of aqueous
capacities were positive for the entire range of the mole fraction
sulfolane solutions, and the study of the resulting excess volumes
and temperature, except for x ) 0.1 at 303.15 K, where the
and viscosity deviations by Elmahmudi,16 could not confirm
value of the excess molar heat capacity became negative. The
the presence of a complex formation as suggested by Desnoyers
minimum value of the molar excess heat capacity was found at
and Perron.
303.15 K and for 0.1 mol fraction. The CpE value became more
positive with increasing temperature and reached a maximum
NFM System for 0.4 mol fraction at 353.15 K. Desnoyers and Perron15
Experimentally measured molar heat capacities of aqueous suggested that for this kind of shape of the reduced excess molar
solutions of NFM from T ) (303.15 to 353.15) K with an heat capacity (Figure 8) there is a possible formation of a
interval of 5 K are listed in Table 2. The obtained values of the complex. Since the calculated excess volumes from density
2898 Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2009

Table 4. Molar Heat Capacity (Cp) for TEGDME (1) + H2O (2) from T ) (303.15 to 353.15) K as a Function of Mole Fraction x1
Cp/(J · mol-1 · K-1)
T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K ) T/K )
x1 303.15 308.15 313.15 318.15 323.15 328.15 333.15 338.15 343.15 348.15 353.15
0.0999 109 110 111 112 112 113 114 114 115 116 116
0.1997 141 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152
0.2967 171 173 174 175 176 177 179 180 181 183 184
0.3977 198 200 202 203 204 206 207 208 210 211 212
0.4983 224 227 228 229 231 232 233 235 237 238 239
0.5918 250 253 254 255 256 258 259 261 263 264 265
0.6926 275 278 279 281 282 283 285 286 289 290 291
0.7941 300 304 306 307 309 310 312 313 316 318 318
0.8686 328 332 334 335 337 339 341 342 345 347 348
1.0000 359 364 366 368 370 371 373 375 379 381 382

measurements for aqueous NFM mixtures were all negative, The obtained values of heat capacity of pure NMP
and the calculated Grunberg-Nissan parameters were positive, (J · mol-1 · K-1) were expressed as a polynomial, which was a
Henni et al.17 concluded the predominance of interaction forces function of temperature in the range from (303.15 to 353.15) K.
through hydrogen bonding. Viscosity deviations were also
positive and reached a maximum (also) around 0.4 mol fraction. Cp,NMP ) -0.0005(T/K)2 + 0.7584(T/K) + 36.62
(7)
NMP System
The equation correlated the data with a standard deviation of
Experimentally measured molar heat capacities of binary 0.005 %. Table 3 shows an increase in the molar heat capacity
aqueous solutions of NMP from (303.15 to 353.15) K with an
interval of 5 K are listed in Table 3.

Figure 1. Fractional deviations [(Cp - Cpcal)/Cpcal] of the experimental molar Figure 3. Fractional deviations [(Cp - Cpcal)/Cpcal] of the experimental molar
heat capacities of sapphire in the literature (Cp) from values obtained with heat capacities of sulfolane in the literature (Cp) from values obtained with
polynomial correlation of the measurements obtained in this study (Cpcal): polynomial correlation of the measurements obtained in this study (Cpcal):
b, Xu;12 ∆, Ditmars et al.;9 O, Inaba,;11 1, Ginnings and Furukawa.10 2, Steele et al.2

Figure 2. Fractional deviations [(Cp - Cpcal)/Cpcal] of the experimental molar Figure 4. Fractional deviations [(Cp - Cpcal)/Cpcal] of the experimental molar
heat capacities of MEA in the literature (Cp) from values obtained with heat capacity of TEGDME in the literature (Cp) from values obtained with
polynomial correlation of the measurements obtained in this study (Cpcal): polynomial correlation of the measurements obtained in this study (Cpcal):
2, Chiu et al.12 2, Becker and Gmehling.5
 Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2009 2899

Table 5. Parameters of Excess Molar Heat Capacity (CEp ) for the Four Binary Systems Using Equations 4 and 5 and the Standard Deviations
systems i ai,0 ai,1 no. data points AAD % AAPD % rmsd %
Sulfolane (1) + H2O (2) 1 -81.251 0.349 99 0.08 1.56 0.11
2 -18.591 0.059
3 -78.337 0.213
NFM (1) + H2O (2) 1 -101.215 0.389 99 0.22 8.35 0.29
2 133.807 -0.413
3 -110.183 0.268
NMP (1) + H2O (2) 1 -142.387 0.589 99 0.30 3.82 0.41
2 51.368 -0.257
3 54.521 -0.149
TEGDME (1) + H2O (2) 1 -56.0315 0.2744 99 0.12 3.87 0.14
2 140.6671 -0.6570
3 -93.9153 0.2475
overall 396 0.18 4.40 0.24

Table 6. Extrapolated Excess Partial Molar Quantities for Physical Solvents (Co1 - C1*) and Water (Co2 - C2*)
sulfolane + H2O NFM + H2O NMP + H2O TEGDME + H2O
T/K Co1 - C *1 Co2 - C *2 Co1 - C *1 Co2 - C *2 Co1 - C *1 Co2 - C *2 Co1 - C *1 Co2 - C *2
303.15 9 8 -21 -4 72 19 70 -47
308.15 12 10 -15 -2 75 20 76 -48
313.15 16 16 -10 -1 79 21 82 -48
318.15 19 19 -5 0 82 22 88 -49
323.15 21 22 0.6 1 86 23 94 -50
328.15 24 25 6 2 89 23 100 -50
333.15 27 29 11 4 93 24 106 -51
338.15 29 32 17 5 96 25 111 -51
343.15 32 35 22 6 100 26 117 -52
348.15 34 38 27 7 103 27 123 -53
353.15 37 41 33 8 107 28 129 -53

of the mixture after the addition of NMP. The effect of the TEGDME System
composition on the molar heat capacity increased with the Experimentally measured molar heat capacities of binary
increase in temperature. The excess molar heat capacities of aqueous solutions of TEGDME from (303.15 to 353.15) K are
binary aqueous NMP mixtures are presented in Figure 9. All listed in Table 4. All obtained data for the molar heat capacity
the excess molar heat capacities were positive. The maximum of pure TEGDME (J · mol-1 · K-1) were correlated with a linear
values were at 0.3 mol fraction. Desnoyers and Perron15 equation as a function of temperature in the range from (303.15
suggested that this kind of system, with reduced excess molar to 353.15) K.
heat capacity values varying as a function of mole fractions as
shown in Figure 10, is observed with mixtures of different sizes Cp,TEGDME ) 0.4309(T/K) + 230.24 (8)
and polarities. Henni et al.18 suggested, from an excess volume The equation correlated the data with a standard deviation of
and viscosity deviation study, the formation of a stable complex 0.0043 %. The excess molar heat capacities of aqueous
between two water molecules and one NMP molecule. This is TEGDME solutions are presented in Figure 11. The CpE curves
the same mole fraction (0.3) as that found for the maximum were positive from 0 to 0.7 mol fractions and became negative
values of excess molar heat capacities. between x1 ) 0.7 and x1 ) 1.

Figure 5. Excess molar heat capacity of (sulfolane + H2O): b, 303.15 K; Figure 6. Reduced excess molar heat capacity (CEp /x1x2) of aqueous sulfolane
O, 313.15 K; 2, 323.15 K; 3, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15 K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , solutions: b, 303.15 K; O, 313.15 K; 1, 323.15 K; ∆, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15
Redlich-Kister. K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , Redlich-Kister.
2900 Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2009

Figure 7. Excess molar heat capacity of (NFM + H2O): b, 303.15 K; O,

313.15 K; 2, 323.15 K; 3, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15 K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , Figure 10. Reduced excess molar heat capacity (CEp /x1x2) of aqueous NMP
Redlich-Kister. solutions: b, 303.15 K; O, 313.15 K; 1, 323.15 K; ∆, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15
K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , Redlich-Kister.

Figure 8. Reduced excess molar heat capacity (CEp /x1x2) of aqueous NFM Figure 11. Excess molar heat capacity of (TEGDME + H2O): b, 303.15
solutions: b, 303.15 K; O, 313.15 K; 1, 323.15 K; ∆, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15 K; O, 313.15 K; 1, 323.15 K; ∆, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15 K; 0, 353.15 K;
K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , Redlich-Kister. · · · · , Redlich-Kister.

Figure 9. Excess molar heat capacity of (NMP + H2O): b, 303.15 K; O, Figure 12. Reduced excess molar heat capacity (CEp /x1x2) of aqueous
313.15 K; 2, 323.15 K; 3, 333.15 K; 9, 343.15 K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , TEGDME solutions: b, 303.15 K; O, 313.15 K; 1, 323.15 K; ∆, 333.15
Redlich-Kister. K; 9, 343.15 K; 0, 353.15 K; · · · · , Redlich-Kister.
 Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2009 2901

Desnoyers and Perron15 suggested that for this kind of system (6) Calvet, E.; Part, H. Recent Progress in Microcalorimetry; Skinner,
shown in Figure 12 C1o - C*1 and C2o - C*2 have opposite signs. H. A., Ed.; Pergamon Press: New York, 1963.
(7) Mundhwa, M. Calorimetric Measurements of the Molar Heat Capacity
This affirmation was confirmed by values shown in Table 6. and the Molar Excess Enthalpy for Various Alkanolamines in Aqueous
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suggested the probable formation of a complex at x1 ) 0.15, a Canada, 2007.
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(9) Ditmars, D. A.; Bernstein, G.; Chang, S. S.; Ishihara, S.; West, E. D.
Conclusions Enthalpy and Heat-Capacity Standard Reference Material - Synthetic
Sapphire (R-Al2O3) from 10 to 2250 K. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 1982,
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