CONTROL STATEMENTS:
CONTROL STATEMENTS ARE USED TO CONTROL TRANSFER FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER PLACE.
CONTROL STATEMENTS EXECUTES BASED ON CONDITION.
CONTROL STATEMENTS ARE DIVDED INTO 3 CATEGORIES.
THEY ARE:
1.DECISION MAKING STATEMNTS/SELECTION
2.LOOPING STATEMENTS/ITTERATIVE
3.JUMPING STATEMENTS/UNCONDITONAL
IF:
STATEMENT:
IF STATEMENT EXECUTES WHEN CONDITION IS TRUE OTHERWISE SKIP THE IF STATEMENT THAT IS GO TO
NEXT STATEMENT.
SYNTAX:
if(condition)
Statements;
Next_statements;
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int i = 100;
if(i==100)
printf(“i is 100");
Printf(“Thank You”);
return 0;
IF ELSE:
STATEMENT:
IF STATEMENT EXECUTES WHEN CONDITION IS TRUE OTHERWISE GO TO ELSE STATEMENT.
SYNTAX:
if(condition)
Statements;
else
Statements;
Next_statements;
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int n;
printf(“enter n value”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
if(n%2= =0)
printf(“Even");
else
printf(“Odd”);
printf(“Thank You”);
return 0;
ELSE IF LADER OR IF ELSE IF:
ELSE IF LADER IS USED TO CHECK N OR MORE THAN ONE CONDITIONS.
SYNTAX:
if(condition1)
Statement 1;
else if(condition2)
Statement 2;
else if(condition3)
Statement 3;
.
else
Statements;
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int n;
printf(“enter n value”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
if(n= =0)
printf(“Zero”);
else if(n= =1)
{
printf(“One");
else if(n= =2)
printf(“Two");
else if(n= =3)
printf(“Three");
else if(n= =4)
printf(“Four");
else if(n= =5)
printf(“Five");
else if(n= =6)
printf(“Six");
else if(n= =7)
printf(“Seven");
else if(n= =8)
printf(“Eight");
else if(n= =9)
printf(“Nine");
else
{
printf(“Greater than 9");
printf(“Thank You”);
return 0;
SWITCH:
SWICTH CASE CHECKS N OR MORE THAN ONE CONDITION.
SWITCH CASE ID PREFERRED AS IT IS FASTER.ELSE IF LADDER TAKES MORE EXECUTION CYCLES THAN
SWITCH CASE.
SYNTAX:
switch(choice)
case 1:statement(s)1;
break;
case 2:statement(s)2;
break;
case 3:statement(s)3;
break;
. .
. .
. .
case N: statement(s) N;
break;
default: default statement(s);
break;
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int n;
printf(“enter n value”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
switch(n)
case 1:printf(“One”);
break;
case 1:printf(“One”);
break;
case 2:printf(“Two”);
break;
case 3:printf(“Three”);
break;
case 4:printf(“Four”);
break;
case 5:printf(“Five”);
break;
case 6:printf(“Six”);
break;
case 7:printf(“Seven”);
break;
case 8:printf(“Eight”);
break;
case 9:printf(“Nine”);
break;
default:printf(“Greater Than 9”);
break;
LOOPING STATEMENTS:
TO EXECUTE A STATEMENT REPEATEDELY UNTILL THE CONDITION BECOMES FALSE USING LOOPING
CONCEPTS.
C SUPPORTS 3 LOOPING CONCEPTS
1.WHILE LOOP
2.DO WHILE LOOP
3.FOR LOOP
WHILE LOOP:
IT IS A PRECONDTIONAL LOOP.IT EXECUTES BLOCK OF STATEMENTS UNTILL THE CONDTION BECOMES
FALSE.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS ENTRY CONTROLLED LOOP.
SYNTAX:
while(condition)
{
statements;
updation;
}
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int a=1,b=10;
while(a<=b)
printf(“AIML\n”);
a++;
return 0;
DO-WHILE:
IT IS A POST CONDTIONAL LOOP.IT EXECUTES BLOCK OF STATEMENTS UNTILL THE CONDTION BECOMES
FALSE.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS EXIT CONTROLLED LOOP.
SYNTAX:
do
{
statements;
updation;
while(condition);
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int a=1,b=10;
do
printf(“AIML\n”);
a++;
while(a<=b);
return 0;
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WHILE AND DO WHILE:
WHILE DO WHILE
IT IS A PRECONDTIONAL LOOP IT IS POST CONDITIONAL LOOP
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS ENTRY CONTROLLED IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS EXIT CONTROLLED
LOOP LOOP
BEFORE CHECKING THE CONDTION AFTER CHECKING THE CONDTION
NUMBER OF ITTERATIONS FOR WHILE IS 0 NUMBER OF ITTERATIONS FOR DO WHILE IS
1
FOR LOOP:
IT IS A PRECONDTIONAL LOOP.IT EXECUTES BLOCK OF STATEMENTS UNTILL THE CONDTION BECOMES
FALSE.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS ENTRY CONTROLLED LOOP.
SYNTAX:
for(initialization;condtion;updation)
{
statements;
}
FLOWCHART:
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int a;
for(a=1;a<=10;a++)
printf(“AIML\n”);
return 0;
NESTED FOR LOOP:
A FOR LOOP INSIDE ANOTHER FOR LOOP IS CALLED NESTED FOR LOOP.
NESTED FOR LOOP CONSISTS OF 2 LOOPS
1.INNER LOOP
2.OUTER LOOP
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int a,b,n;
printf(“enter n value’);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(a=1;a<=n;a++)
for(b=1;b<=a;b++)
printf(“%d\n”,a);
return 0;
BREAK,CONTINUE,GOTO ,RETURN:
BREAK:
BREAK CAN BE USED TO IMMEDIATE EXIT FROM THE LOOP
SYNATX:
break;
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int a=1,b=10;
while(a<=b)
printf(“AIML\n”);
a++;
break;
return 0;
}
CONTINUE:
CONTINUE CAN BE USED TO CONTINUE THE LOOP.
SYNATX:
continue;
EXAMPLE PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int a=1,b=10;
while(a<=b)
printf(“AIML\n”);
a++;
continue;
return 0;
GOTO:
GOTO IS USED TO JUMP FROM ONE STATEMENT TO ANOTHER STATEMENT
SYNATX:
goto labelname:
RETRUN:
RETURN IS USED TO RETURNS BACK TO THE CONTROL
EXAMPLE:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
int n;
printf(“enter n value”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
if(n%2==0)
goto even;
else
goto odd;
even:
printf(“%d is Even Number”,n);
return;
odd:
printf(“%d is Odd Number”,n);
return 0;
