HWASSA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
ABSTRACT ALGEBRA WORKSHEET
1. Determine the power set of : a) { x ; x ∈ R ∧ x 2−9=0 }

b) { {1 , 2 ,3 } , { 1 ,3 } , { 1 , 2 } }

2. List the elements of the following sets:-

a) { x : x ∈ Z ∧|x|≥5 }

b) { x : x ∈ Z ∧ 2≤|x|<10 }

3. Prove each of the following:-

a) { x ∈ Z : x=10 k for some k ∈ Z } ={ x ∈ Z : x =2 m∧x=5 n for some m ,n ∈ Z }

b) { x : x =6 n for some n ∈ Z } ⊆ { x : x=2 n for some n ∈ Z }

4. Prove that:- a) A ∩ ( B ∪ C )=( A ∩ B)∪ (A ∩C) b) A ∩ B⊆ A ∪ B

5. Let An = [ −1 1
]
, where n ∈ N . Find:- a) ¿ n=1¿ ∞ An
n n
b) ¿ n=1¿ ∞ An .

6. Suppose I =[ 0 , 1 ] ⊆ R ,∧let for each i ∈ I , Ai =( i−1 , i+1 ) ⊆ R .

Find:- a) ¿ n=0 ¿ ∞ A n b) ¿ n=0 ¿ ∞ A n.
7. Classify each of the following relations R in the set Z of integers as to whether they do

or do not have the properties of being reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.

a) aRb ⇔ a−b is an odd integer .
b) aRb ⇔ ab ≥ 0.
c) aRb ⇔|a−b|< 1.
d) aRb ⇔ a2 ¿ b2 .
e) aRb ⇔|a|=|b|.
f) aRb ⇔ 3∨(a+2 b).
g) aRb ⇔ a−b ∈ Z

8. For the give set and relation below determine which define equivalence relation:-

a) E = The set of all people in the world today.

R1= { ( x , y ) : x has a birth date∈common with y }

R2= { ( x , y ) : x has the same father as y }.
b) E= The set of all straight lines in the plane.

R={ ( x , y ) : x is∥¿ y }

9. Prove that the following relation R is an equivalence relation in the cartesian product

R × R .: ( a , b ) R ( c , d ) ⇔ a+ d=b+ c.
10. Let Z be the set of all integers, and define xRy to mean that x− y =4 k for some k ∈ Z .

Prove that R is an equivalence relation in Z .

11. Find all the distinct equivalence classes on question number “9” and “10” above.
12. Consider the S = Z where xRy if and only if 2|( x + y ).
(a) List six numbers that are related to x=2.
(b) Prove that R is an equivalence relation on S.
(c) Find all the distinct equivalence classes/ or the quotient set.

13. Consider the set S = Z where xRy if and only if 3|( x - y ).

(a) List six numbers that are related to x=1.
(b) Prove that R is an equivalence relation on S.
(c) Find all the distinct equivalence classes/ or the quotient set.

14. An equivalence relation is defined on the set S= { 0 ,1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5 ,6 ,7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ,12 , 13 } by:

xRy
means 3∨x− y . List the elements of the equivalence classes of R .
+¿¿
15. Let R be a relation defined on the set Q .
a + ¿¿
+¿ ,aRb ⇔ ∈ Z ¿
a,b∈ Q b
+¿¿
a) Show that R is a partial ordering relation on Q .
+¿¿
b) Decide whether R is totally ordering relation on Q , why?
c) Draw the diagram representing the partial ordering relation R on the set
A= {16 , 13 , 12 , 1 , 2, 3 , 6} .

16. Draw the diagram representing the partial ordering relation

R={ ( 1 ,1 ) , ( 2 ,2 ) , ( 3 , 3 ) , ( 4 , 4 ) , ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 2 , 3 ) , (1 , 3 ) , ( 1, 4 ) } on the set A={ 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 }.

17. Let R be a relation defined on the set A={ 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ,7 ,8 ,9 , 10 }

a , b ∈ A , aRb ⇔ a∨b

a) Show that R is a partial ordering relation on A .

b) Decide whether R is totally ordering relation on A , why?

c) Draw the diagram representing the partial ordering relation R on the set A .

18. Let R be a relation defined on the set N= { 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , . .. }

a
a , b ∈ N , aRb ⇔ is odd.
b
a) Show that R is a partial ordering relation on N .

b) Decide whether R is totally ordering relation on N , why?

 c) Draw the diagram representing the partial ordering relation R on the set N .

19, Let A={ 2 ,3 , 4 , .. . } be ordered as follows: x ≤ y if x∣ y .

a) Show that ≤ is a partial order relation on A .

b) Find all minimal elements.
c) Find all maximal elements.

20. Let A={ 2 ,3 , 4 ,5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 } be ordered by x is a multiple of y .

a) Find all maximal elements.
b) Find all minimal elements.
c) Does A has a first or a last element.

21. Consider Q , the set of rational numbers with the natural order and its subset A .

A={ x : x ∈Q , 8< x 3 <15 }

a) Is A bounded above?
b) Is A bounded below?
c) Does l.u.b of A exist ? If it exist, find it.
d) Does g.l.b of A exist ? If it exist, find it.

22. Let A={ 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }

1
1

2 3
2
4 5

a) Find the maximal and minimal elements of A .

b) Find the l.u.b and g.l.b.
c) Find the first and last element.
23. Consider the poset ( N , ≤ ) where x ≤ y mean x∨ y . Let S= { 12, 20 , 24 , 28 } .

Find a) ¿ S∧Inf S .

24. Consider the poset ( N , ≤ ) where x ≤ y mean x∨ y . Is ( N , ≤ ) a lattice? Justify.

25. Let ≤ be the usual “ less than or equal to”, then which of the following are a complete lattice?
a) ( N , ≤ ) b) ( Z , ≤ ) c) ( Q , ≤ )
26. Let A=[−4 , 4 ] , B=[ 0 , 4 ] , C=[−2 , 0 ] , D=[ −4 , 0 ] .Tell whether the following relations

are functions and state your reasons.

a) R1= { ( x , y ) : x ∈ A , y ∈ B ∧ x 2 + y 2=16 }
b) R2= {( x , y ) : x , y ∈ B∧ x 2+ y 2=16 }
c) R3= {( x , y ) : x ∈ B , y ∈ A ∧ x 2 + y 2=16 }
d) R4 ={( x , y ) : x ∈ A , y ∈ C ∧ x 2 + y 2=16 }
e) R5= {( x , y ) : x ∈ A , y ∈ D ∧ x 2 + y 2=16 }

27. Which of the following functions are one to one?

a) f 1={ ( x , y ) : x is a man∧ y is his age }

b) f 2={ ( x , y ) : x is a book ∧ y isits only author }
c) f 3={ ( x , y ) : x is a country∧ y is its president }

28. Find the largest set in which the function defined by y=x 2 is one ¿ one .

29. Let f , g , h∧r be functions defined by f ( x )=x 2 , g ( x )=x 3 , h ( x )=sinx∧¿

r ( x )=x each with domain R and range in R .:

a) Which of these functions if any is one to one?

b) Which of these functions if any is one onto?
c) Which of these functions if any is a one to one correspondence?
d) Which of these functions if any has an inverse function?

30. Let f be a function from R ¿ R defined by: a) f ( x )=2 x−3 b) f ( x )=x 2 +5

c) f ( x )=x 3 +10 . Find a formula that defines f −1. Is f −1 a function from R ¿ R.

31. If A={ a , b , c } and fand g are functions from A ¿ R give by:

f ={ ( a ,1 ) , ( b ,−2 ) , ( c , 3 ) } and g= { ( a ,−2 ) , ( b , 0 ) , ( c ,1 ) } then find:

f f f
a) f +g b) f −g c) f . g d) e) 2 f −3 g f) f . g−2 g g) − .
g g 2

32. If f : R → R∧g : R → R defined by f ( x )=x 2 +2 x−3 and g ( x )=3 x−4 , find a formula

that defines:

a) f ∘ g b) g ∘ f c) State the domain of f , g , f ∘ g∧g ∘ f . d) Evaluate f ∘ g∧g ∘ f at x

¿ 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 .

33. Show that the set {1n :n ∈ N } is denumerable.

34. Prove that the set of odd integers is countable.

35. The set of prime numbers is countable.

36. Open interval ( 0 , 1 ) is uncountable.

37. Prove that, if B is a countable subset of the uncountable set A , then A−B is uncountable.