Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer the following questions in 30 minutes. You may not use a calculator. You may use
the periodic table and the equation sheet at the back of this book.
1. VSEPR predicts an SbF5 molecule will be which of the following shapes?
(A) tetrahedral
(B) trigonal bipyramidal
(C) square pyramid
(D) trigonal planar
2. The shortest bond would be present in which of the following substances?
(A) I2
(B) CO
(C) CCl4
(D) O22−
3. Which of the following does not have one or more p bonds?
(A) H2O
(B) HNO3
(C) O2
(D) N2
4. Which of the following is nonpolar?
(A) IF5
(B) IF3
(C) SiF4
(D) SeF4
5. Resonance structures are necessary to describe the bonding in which of the following?
(A) H2O
(B) ClF3
(C) HNO3
(D) CH4
For questions 6 and 7, pick the best choice from the following:
(A) ionic bonds
(B) hybrid orbitals
(C) resonance structures
(D) van der Waals attractions
6. An explanation of the equivalent bond lengths of the nitrite ion is:
7. Most organic substances have low melting points. This may be because, in most cases,
the intermolecular forces are:
8. Which of the following has more than one unshared pair of valence electrons on the
central atom?
(A) BrF5
(B) NF3
(C) IF7
(D) ClF3
9. Which of the following groups contains only elements than can exceed an octet in at
least some of their compounds?
(A) Sb, Br, N
(B) As, I, Si
(C) C, S, Bi
(D) O, Te, Ge
10. The only substance listed below that contains ionic, s, and p bonds is:
(A) Ca3P2
(B) CO2
(C) CaCO3
(D) NH3
11. The electron pairs point toward the corners of which geometrical shape for a molecule
with sp2 hybrid orbitals?
(A) trigonal planar
(B) octahedron
(C) trigonal bipyramid
(D) trigonal pyramid
12. Regular tetrahedral molecules or ions include which of the following?
(A) SF4
(B) NH4+
(C) XeF4
(D) ICl4−
13. Which of the following molecules or ions has the greatest number of unshared
electrons around the central atom?
(A) SO2
(B) NO3−
(C) KrF2
(D) SF4
14. Which of the following molecules is the least polar?
(A) PH3
(B) CH4
(C) H2O
(D) NO2
15. Which of the following molecules is the most polar?
(A) NH3
(B) N2
(C) CH3I
(D) BF3
16. Each of the following processes involves breaking bonds, and most involve forming
new bonds. Which of the following processes involves breaking an ionic bond?
(A) H2(g) + I2(g) → 2 HI(g)
(B) 2 KCl(s) → 2 K(g) + Cl2(g)
(C) Ca(s) → Ca(g)
(D) 2 C8H18(g) + 25 O2(g) → 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g)
17. Which of the following sets of bonds is listed in order of increasing covalent
character?
(A) Na–Cl < Al–Cl < P–Cl < Cl–Cl
(B) Na–Cl < P–Cl < Cl–Cl < Al–Cl
(C) P–Cl < Cl–Cl < Al–Cl < Na–Cl
(D) Al–Cl < Na–Cl < P–Cl < Cl–Cl
18. Which of the following molecules does NOT contain one or more p bonds?
(A) CO2
(B) SF6
(C) CO
(D) SO3
19. The above diagram illustrates a portion of a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (a
“Bucky ball”). The corners are carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has four covalent
bonds, allowing it to follow the octet rule. The structure also shows many single and
double bonds. Carbon-carbon double bonds are shorter than carbon–carbon single
bonds. In an analysis of the structure of buckminsterfullerene, all carbon–carbon bonds
are found to be the same length and not a combination of short double bonds and
longer single bonds. Which of the following best explains this observation?
(A) VSEPR
(B) resonance
(C) hybridization
(D) experimental error
20.
There are three nitrogen–oxygen species known with a 1:2 nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio.
The Lewis electron-dot diagrams for these three nitrogen oxygen species are shown in
the above diagram. Which of the three has the largest bond angle?
(A) NO2−
(B) NO2
(C) NO2+
(D) All have a 180° angle.
Answers and Explanations
1. B—The Lewis (electron-dot) structure has five bonding pairs around the central Sb
and no lone pairs. VSEPR predicts this number of pairs to give a trigonal bipyramidal
structure.
2. B—All bonds except those in CO are single bonds. The CO bond is a triple bond.
Triple bonds are shorter than double bonds, which are shorter than single bonds.
Drawing Lewis structures might help you answer this question.
3. A—Answers B through D contain molecules or ions with double or triple bonds.
Double and triple bonds contain π bonds. Water has only single (σ) bonds. If any of
these are not obvious to you, draw a Lewis structure.
4. C—Use VSEPR; only the tetrahedral SiF4 is nonpolar. The other materials form square
pyramidal (IF5), T–shaped (IF3), and irregular tetrahedral (SeF4) shapes and are
therefore polar.
5. C—All other answers involve species containing only single bonds. Substances
without double or triple bonds seldom need resonance structures.
6. C—Resonance causes bonds to have the same average length.
7. D—Many organic molecules are nonpolar. Nonpolar substances are held together by
weak van der Waals attractions.
8. D—Lewis structures are required. You may not need to draw all of them. A and B
have one unshared pair, whereas C does not have an unshared pair. D has two
unshared pairs of electrons.
9. B—For an atom to exceed an octet of electrons, it must be in the third period or
lower on the periodic table. The elements N, C, and O are in the second period;
therefore, the answers containing these elements contain an element that cannot
exceed an octet. Only answer B is limited to elements that can exceed an octet.
10. C—The ionic bonds are present in the calcium compounds (eliminating all but A and
C). The phosphide ion has no internal bonding (eliminating A); however, the
carbonate ion has both σ and π bonds.
11. A—This hybridization requires a geometrical shape with three corners.
12. B—One or more Lewis structures may help you. A is an irregular tetrahedron
(seesaw); C and D are square planar.
13. C—Draw the Lewis structures. The number of unshared pairs are as follows: (A) 1; (B)
0; (C) 3; (D) 1.
14. B—All molecules are polar except B.
15. A—Drawing one or more Lewis structures may help you. Only A and C are polar. Only
the ammonia has hydrogen bonding, which is very, very polar.
16. B—Calcium is a metal; therefore, the process shown is breaking metallic bonds. All
the species in A and D are covalently bonded molecules. Potassium chloride, KCl, is an
ionic compound, and separating the ions involves breaking ionic bonds.
17. A—Increasing covalent character means decreasing electronegativity difference.
Chlorine is a constant, so the electronegativity differences of concern are all relative to
chlorine. The most covalent would be a bond with an electronegativity difference of 0,
which occurs when chlorine is bonded to chlorine (Cl–Cl). In general, the covalent
character will decrease (ionic character will increase) when moving from chlorine to
the left on the periodic table. The Na–Cl bond would be the most ionic (least
covalent). Only answer A has the bonds in the correct order.
18. B—The SF6 molecule has six σ bonds and no π bonds. The other three molecules
have double or triple bonds. All double bonds are a combination of an σ bond and
a π bond, and all triple bonds are a combination of one σ bond and two π bonds.
19. B—The process of resonance tends to equalize the lengths of the bonds involved.
20. C—The ion NO2+ is a linear species (bond angle 180°) because there are no lone
electron pairs on the nitrogen atom, and the other two are bent species (bond angle
< 180°) due to the lone electron (≈134°) or pair of electrons (≈118°) on the nitrogen.
The presence of resonance does not alter the result.
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