CHEMISTRY

SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 5

SECTION – A
e3πa3
Q. 1. (i) (b)
8
(ii) (b) 12

(iii) (a) R = K [NO] [O3]

(iv) (d) 5

(v) (b) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl

(vi) (b) CH3 − CH − CH3

Cl
(vii) (b) 4-Nitrophenol
O
(viii) (c) C6H5 − C − H

(ix) (d) Adenine

(x) (c) Polyacrylonitrile

Q. 2. (i) Lotus flower is an example of self-cleaning.

(ii) Three mole of methyl iodide are consumed.

(iii) C2H5Cl 
+ HNH2(alc.) C2H5NH2 + HCl
Chloroethane Excess Ethanamine

(iv) Promethium (Pm)

(v) Cisplatin

(vi) Osmosis : It is defined as a spontaneous unidirectional flow of solvent molecules from

a pure solvent or dilute solution to more concentrated solution through semipermeable
membrane.

(vii) 2 × 10 − 5 amp

(viii) U = W

SECTION – B

Q. 3. (1) The chemical properties of the interstitial compounds are the same as that of parent
transition metals.

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 1

 (2) They are hard and show the metallic properties like electrical and thermal conductivity,
lustre, etc.

(3) Since metal–nonmetal bonds in the interstitial compounds are stronger than metal–metal
bonds in pure metals, the compounds have very high melting points, higher than the pure
metals.

(4) They have lower densities than the parent metal. (Any two properties)

Q. 4. Given : W2 = 394 g; W1 = 622 g; P1 = 30.74; P10 = 31.8; m1 = 18 g;

P10 − P1 = 31.80 − 30.74 = 1.06; m2 = ?

P01 − P1 W2 × m1
Formula : =
P01 m2 × W1
W2 × m1 × P01 394 × 18 × 31.8
∴ m2 = = = 342 g mole–1.
(P01 − P1) × W1 1.06 × 622

Q. 5. Minimization of steps :
(1) The technique of protecting or blocking group is commonly used in organic synthesis.
Finally on completion of reaction deprotection of the group is required. This leads to
unnecessary increase in the number of steps and decreased atom economy.
(2) The green chemistry principle aims to develop processes to avoid necessary steps, i.e.
(minimization of steps). When biocatalyst is used very often there is no need for protection
of selective group. For example, conversion of m-hydroxyl benzaldehyde to
m-hydroxybenzoic acid.

 CHO C6H5CH2Cl

Protection of
−OH group
 CHO [O]
 COOH Deprotection
of −OH group  COOH

OH OCH2C6H5 OCH2C6H5 OH
m-Hydroxy m-Hydroxy-
benzaldehyde benzoic acid

Q. 6. Diamagnetic substances : When a magnetic field is applied, substances which are repelled by
the magnetic fields are called diamagnetic substances.
E.g., Zn2+, N2, F2, etc.

Cl Cl Cl

Q. 7. (i)  + CH3Cl

Methyl
Anhy.AlCl3
 CH3
+  + HCl

Chlorobenzene chloride 2-Chlorotoluene CH3

4-Chlorotoluene

(ii) C2H2Br 
+ AgCN C2H5NC + AgBr ↓
Bromoethane (alc.) Ethyl
isocyanide

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 8. (1) Lowry Bronsted Base : Base is a substance that accepts proton (H+) from another
substance is called Lowry Bronsted base.

(2) Solubility : Solubility is defind as maximum amount of substance in moles, that can be
dissolved at constant temperature to give one litre of its saturated solution.

Q. 9. Test Ethylamine Diethylamine

Using nitrous acid : Add Forms ethyl alcohol and Form pale yellow oily
nitrous acid to given amine. nitrogen gas. N-Nitrosodiethylamine
C2H5 − NH2 + HO − N = O (C2H5)2 NH + HO − N = O
↓ NaNO2 / HCl cold ↓ NaNO2 / HCl cold
C2H5OH + H2O + N2 ↑
(C2H5)2 N − N = O + H2O
Ethanol
N-Nitrosodiethylamine

Q. 10. Electrode reaction : Zn2+ (0.02 M) + 2e− Zn(s)

0.0592 V 1
EZn = E0Zn − log10
n [Zn2+]
0.0592 V
= − 0.76 V + log10 (0.02)
2
0.0592 V
= − 0.76 V + × (−1.6990)
2
= − 0.76 V − 0.0503V = −0.81 V

6 6
CH2OH CH2OH
5
O H H O H
H 5

Q. 11. 4
H 1 H 1
α
OH H 4 OH H
HO O H
3 2 3 2
H OH H OH
α-D-Glucose α-1,4 Glycosidic α-D-Glucose
Maltose

Q. 12. Given : H = − 84.4 kJ; R = 8.314 Jk−1 mol−1; U = ?

 Formula : H = U + ngRT
ng = (Moles of product gases) − (Moles of reactant gases)
ng = 1 − 3 = −2 mol
H = −84.4 kJ, R = 8.314 J K−1 mol−1
= 8.314 × 10−3 kJ K−1 mol−1
Substitution of these in above
−84.4 kJ = U + 8.314 × 10−3 kJ K−1 mol−1 × 298 K × (−2 mol)
−84.4 kJ = U − 4.96 kJ

Hence, U = − 84.4 kJ + 4.96 kJ = − 79.44 kJ.

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 3

Q. 13. Commercially, on a large scale, glucose is prepared by hydrolysis of starch with dilute sulphuric
acid. Starchy material is mixed with water and dilute sulphuric acid and heated at 393 K under
2 to 3 atm pressure. Starch is hydrolyzed to give glucose.
H+ ( Dilute H2SO4)
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6
393 K, pressure 2–3 atm
Starch glucose Glucose

Q. 14. (i) Action of H2O (Hydrolysis) : XeF2 undergoes hydrolysis to form HF.

2XeF2 + 2H2O 4HF + 2Xe + O2

(ii) Reaction with PF5 : XeF2 forms adducts on reaction with PF5.

XeF2 + PF5 XeF2.PF5

SECTION – C

Q. 15. Reverse osmosis : The phenomenon of the passage of solvent like water under high pressure
from the concentrated aqueous solution like sea water into pure water through a semipermeable
membrane is called reverse osmosis.

Molar mass of solute from freezing point depression :

The freezing point depression, Tf of a solution is directly proportional to molality (m) of the
solution.

∴ Tf ∝ m

∴ Tf = Kf m, where Kf is a molal depression constant.

If W1 grams of a solvent contain W2 grams of a solute of the molar mass M2, then the molality
m of the solution is given by,

W2 × 1000
m=
W1 M2
W2
= mol kg−1
W 1 × M2

W2 × 1000
∴ Tf = Kf ×
W 1 M2

Kf × W2 × 1000
∴ M2 =
W1 × Tf

OH ONa OH OH
Q. 16.  NaOH
 CO2
398 K
2–6 atm
 COONa H3O +

 COOH

Phenol Sodium phenoxide Salicylic acid

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 Boiling point of alcohol is higher than alkane, because – δ− δ+ δ− δ+ δ− δ+
O−H O−H O−H
(1) alcohol molecules are associated by intermolecular hydrogen
R R R
bonding. Intermolecular
hydrogen bonding
(2) fission of hydrogen bonding requires more energy.

Q. 17. Given : pH = 11.11; c = 0.1 M; percent dissociation of base =?

BOH(aq) ⇌ B+(aq) + OH−(aq)

c(1 − α) cα cx

pH + pOH = 14

∴ pOH = 14 − pH = 14 − 11.11 = 2.89

pOH = − log10 [OH−]

∴ [OH−] = Antilog − pOH

= Antilog − 2.89

= Antilog 3.11

= 1.29 − 10−3 M
∵ [OH−] = cα

[OH−] 1.29 × 10−3

∴ α= = = 1.29 × 10−2
c 0.1
∴ percent dissociation = α × 100 = 1.29 × 10−2 × 100 = 1.29.

pH : The negative logarithm, to the base 10 of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions, H+ is
known as the pH of a solution.

pH = − log10 [H+]

Q. 18. Saytzeff’s rule : In dehydrohalogenation reaction the preferred product is that alkene which
has the greater number of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms.

Hence, the number of alkyl substituents on doubly bonded carbon atoms increases, the
stability of the alkene giving its major products.

As a result the increasing stability of alkenes is,

R R R
CH2 = CH2 < CH2 = CH − R < R − CH = CH − R < C = CH − R < C=C
R R R
Monosubstituted Disubstituted Trisubstituted Tetrasubstituted
alkene alkene alkene alkene

There are two types of β hydrogens ( β1 and β2) therefore two alkenes are expected.
β1 α β2

2CH3 − CH − CH2 − CH3 + 2KOH
Cl (Alc.)
2-Chlorobutane

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 5

 H3C − CH = CH − CH3 + H2C = CH − CH2 − CH3 + 2KCl + 2H2O
But-2-ene But-1-ene (20 %)
(Disubstituted alkene) (80 %) (Monosubstituted alkene)

Action of ammonia on methyl magnesium bromide :

NH2
CH3MgBr + NH3 CH4 + Mg
Br
Methyl Ammonia
magnesium
bromide

Q. 19. The second law explains the conditions of spontaneity as below :

(i) STotal > 0 and G < 0, the process is spontaneous.
(ii) STotal < 0 and G > 0, the process is non-spontaneous.
(iii) STotal = 0 and G = 0, the process is at equilibrium.
The relation between G and STotal is G = − T STotal

Q. 20. KMnO4 in neutral or alkaline medium in neutral or weakly alkaline medium :

(i) Iodide is oxidized to iodate ion.
2MnO−4 + H2O+ I− 2MnO2 + 2OH− + IO−3
Iodate ion

(ii) Thiosulphate ion is oxidized to sulphate ion.

8MnO−4 + 3S2O2−
3 + H 2O 8MnO2 + 6SO2−
4
−
+ 2OH−
Thiosulphate ion

(iii) Manganous salt is oxidized to MnO2.

2MnO−4 + 3Mn2+ + 2H2O 5MnO2 + 4H+

2.303RT [C]c[D]d
Q. 21. Ecell = E 0cell − log10
nF [A]a[B]b
T Temperature
R Gas constant
F Faraday
n Number of electrons in redox cell reaction.
Reference electrode : Electrode whose potential is known or arbitrarily fixed is called reference
electrode.

Q. 22. Factors affecting the stability of coordination complex :

(1) Charge to size ratio of the metal ion : The higher the charge on the central metal ion,
the greater the stability of the complex.
(2) Nature of the ligand : The higher the basic strength of the ligand, the greater the stability
of complex because it can easily donate electron pairs to central metal.
[Ag(CN)2] is more stable because the stability constant for [Ag(CN)2] is more than
[Ag(NH3)2]+. Higher the stability of the complex, more stable will be the complex.

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 23. Requirement for colloiding reactant molecule to lead to products are :
(1) Collisions of reactant molecules : The basic requirements of a reaction is that the reacting
species (atoms, ions or molecules) must come together and collide for a reaction to occur.
(2) Energy requirement (Activation energy) : For a collision to be successful, the colliding
molecules must have a certain minimum kinetic energy, called activation energy.
This implies that the collisions that involve kinetic energy of reacting species,
(a) equal to or greater than Ea, lead to formation of products.
(b) less than Ea, do not lead to formation of products.
(3) Proper orientation of reactant molecules : In order for colliding molecules with sufficient
kinetic energy to react, they must have proper orientation.
They are so oriented that the groups reacting must be closed.
For example, A + BC AB + C

A C B A C B
+ − + −
Improper orientation, no reaction

A B C A B C
+ − − +
Proper orientation, reaction occurs
H
(DIBAl-H)
Q. 24. (i) CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CN CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − C = O
H3O+
Pent-3-en-1-nitrile Pent-3-enal

(ii) 2C6H5 − COCl + (CH3)2Cd C6H5 − CO − CH3 + CdCl2

Benzoyl chloride Dimethyl Acetophenone
cadmium
Dry ether H 3O +
(iii) CH3 − C ≡ N + 2[H] + HCl CH3CH = NHHCl CH3CHO + NH4Cl
SnCl2
Ethanenitrile Acetaldimine hydrochloride Ethanal

Q. 25. Contact process of the manufacture of sulphuric acid involves following steps :
(1) Preparation of SO2 : Sulphur or pyrite ores like iron pyrites, FeS2 on burning (roasting) in
excess of air, form SO2.

S(g) + O2(g) SO2(g)

4FeS2(s) + 11O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 8SO2(g)

(2) Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 : SO2 is oxidized to SO3 in the presence of catalyst V2O5 and
atmospheric oxygen.
V2O5
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g); H = − 196.6 kJ

The reaction is exothermic and reversible. The forward reaction leads to decrease in
volume. Therefore, favourable conditions for maximum yield of SO3 are low temperature
(720 K) and high pressure (2 bar).

PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 7

 (3) Dissolution of SO3 : SO3 obtained from catalytic converter is absorbed in conc. H2SO4 to
obtain H2S2O7, oleum or fuming sulphuric acid. Dilution of oleum with water gives H2SO4.
SO3(g) + H2SO4 H2S2O7
Conc. Oleum

H2S2O7 + H2O 2H2SO4

P2O5
Q. 26. (i) 2CH3 COOH ⇌ (CH3CO)2O
H2O
Ethanoic acid Ethanoic anhydride
LiAlH4
(ii) CH3 − CH2 − COOH CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − OH
H3O+
Propanoic acid Propan-1-ol

Structure and IUPAC name of methyl isopropyl amine :

Structure IUPAC Name

H N-Methyl propan-1-amine
CH3 − N − CH − CH3
CH3

SECTION – D

Q. 27. Given : Ea = 240 kJ mol−1 = 240 × 103J mol−1; T = 600 K; A = 1.6 × 1013 s−1

Formula : K = Ae−Ea / RT
Ea
log10 K = log10A
2.303 RT
A Ea 240 × 103
log10 = = = 20.89
K 2.303 RT 2.303 × 8.314 × 600
A
= Antilog 20.89
K
A
∴ = 7.78 × 1020
K
A 1.6 × 1013
∴ K= = = 2.055 × 10−8 s−1
7.78 × 1020 7.78 × 1020

Nanotechnology : Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production and application

of structures, device and system by controlling shape and size at nanometer scale (1–100 nm).

Q. 28. By the first law of thermodynamics,

 U = Q + W, where,
 U = Change in internal energy
Q = Heat supplied to the system
W = Work done on the system
∴ Q=U−W

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 If QP is the heat absorbed at constant pressure by the system, so that the volume changes by
 V against constant pressure P then,

W = −P  V

∴ QP =  U − ( − P  V )

∴ QP =  U + P  V ... (1)

If  H is the enthalpy change for the system, then

H=U+PV ... (2)
By comparing above equations, (1) and (2), we can write, QP =  H.
Hence, heat absorbed at constant pressure is equal to the enthalpy change for the system.
Use of teflone : Teflon is used in making nonstick cookware, oil seals, gaskets.
Nucleoside : A nucleoside has a chemical composition that consists of a sugar and a nitrogenous
base without the phosphate group.

Q. 29. No. of atoms in 0.4 mol = NA × moles

= 6.022 × 1023 × 0.4 = 2.4 × 1023
(i) No. of octahedral voids = No. of atoms
= 2.4 × 1023
(ii) No. of tetrahedral voids = 2 × No. of atoms
= 2 × 2.4 × 1023
= 4.8 × 1023
(iii) Total No. of voids = 2.4 × 1023 + 4.8 × 1023
= 7.0 × 1023

Ethanenitrile to ethanoic acid :

dil
CH3 − C ≡ N + 2H2O CH3COOH + NH4Cl
HCl
Ethanenitrile Ethanoic acid

Q. 30. The following are the postulates of Werner theory :

Postulate 1 : Unlike metal salts, the metal in a complex possesses two types of valencies :
primary (ionizable) valency and secondary (nonionizable) valency.
Postulate 2 : The ionizable sphere consists of entities which satisfy the primary valency of the
metal. Primary valencies are generally satisfied by anions.
Postulate 3 : The secondary coordination sphere consists of entities which satisfy the secondary
valencies and are nonionizable. The secondary valencies for a metal ion are fixed and satisfied
by either anions or neutral ligands. Number of secondary valencies is equal to the coordination
number.
Postulate 4 : The secondary valencies have a fixed spatial arrangement around the metal ion.
Two spheres of attraction in the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 are shown.
PRACTICE PAPER – CHEMISTRY (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 9
 NH3
H3N NH3
Co Cl3
H3N NH3
NH3

Coordination Ionization
(Secondary) sphere (Primary) sphere

Electrode potential : It is defined as the differences of potential established due to electrode

half reaction between metal electrode surface and the solution around it at equilibrium at
constant temperature.

Amphoteric oxides : The oxide, which shows both acidic and basic characteristics is called
an amphoteric oxide.

Q. 31. Phenol from benzene sulphonic acid :

SO3H SO−
3 Na
+
O− Na+ OH

 NaOH
 NaOH
 Dil. HCl

Benzene Sodium benzene Sodium Phenol
sulphonic acid sulphonate phenoxide

Phenol to salicylaldehyde :
– + – +
OH ONa ONa

 CHCl3 + [Link]
 CHCl2 2NaOH
– 2NaCl
 CH(OH)2

Phenol Intermediate
– H2O

OH ONa

 CHO Dil. HCl

–NaCl
 CHO

O-Salicylaldehyde
2-Hydroxy benzaldehyde

Thermal stability : The thermal stability of hydrides decreases in the order of

H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te.
Uses of argon (Ar) :
(i) Argon is used to fill fluorescent tubes and radio valves.
(iii) It is used to provide inert atmosphere for welding and production of steel.
(iv) It is used along with neon in neon sign lamps to obtain different colours.

(v) A mixture of 85% Ar and 15% N2 is used in electric bulbs to enhance the life of the
filament. (Any two uses)

————

10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII