Topic 5 Work, energy, and

power
1、下列关于功的说法正确的是
A. 功的正、负表示大小
B. 功的计算公式 W=FScos𝜃中的F 既可以是恒力，也可以是变力
C. 力对物体做了负功，也可以说物体克服该力做了功
D. 若某一个力对物体不做功，说明该物体一定没有发生位移

1. Which of the following statements about work is correct

A. The positive and negative values of work indicate their magnitude
B. The formula for calculating work is W=FScosθ, where F can be either a
constant force or a variable force
C. When force does negative work on an object, it can be said that the object
overcomes the force and does work
D. If a force does not do any work on an object, it means that the object has not
undergone displacement
3、下列关于各种能量变化的说法正确的是
A. 物体动能增大时，则其合外力一定做正功
B. 物体做匀速圆周运动时，机械能一定守恒
C. 物体重力势能增大时，则其动能一定减小
D. 物体的速度发生变化时，物体的动能一定变化

3. Which of the following statements about energy changes is correct

A. When the kinetic energy of an object increases, its resultant external
force must do positive work
B. When an object is doing uniform circular motion, its mechanical energy
is always conserved
C. When the gravitational potential energy of an object increases, its
kinetic energy must decrease
D. When the speed of an object changes, its kinetic energy also changes
4、一个重为1N的球从1.8m的高处落到一个水平板上又弹回到1.25m的高
度，则整个过程中（ ）
A. 重力做功为1.8J
B. 重力做功为-0.55J
C. 物体的重力势能一定减少了0.55J
D. 物体的重力势能一定增加了 1.25J

4. If a ball weighing 1N falls from a height of 1.8m onto a horizontal board and
bounces back to a height of 1.25m, then ( )
A. Work done by gravitational force is 1.8J
B. Work done by gravitational force is -0.55J
C. The gravitational potential energy of the object must have decreased by 0.55J
D. The gravitational potential energy of an object must have increased by 1.25 J
某乘客把一质量为m的行李箱无初速度地放在水平传运带的入口A处，行李箱随传送带从出口B处运
出。传送带始终绷紧并以速度v匀速运动，行李箱与传送带间的滑动摩据因数为𝜇。
A passenger placed a luggage with a mass of m at the entrance A of the horizontal conveyor belt
without initial speed, and the luggage was transported out from the exit B with the conveyor belt.
The conveyor belt is always taut and moves at a constant speed of v. The sliding friction factor
between the luggage compartment and the conveyor belt is μ.

1、关于传送带对行李箱的做功情况，下列说法正确的是
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the work done by the
conveyor belt on the luggage compartment
A. 始终不做功 Always not doing work
B. 可能始终做负功 May always perform negative work
C. 可能先做正功，后做负功 May do positive work first, then negative work
D.可能先做正功，后不做功 May do positive work first, then do no work
2、 如图，小花用与水平方向成𝜃角的恒力F拉行李箱，行李箱沿水平方向移
动了一段距离S。该过程力F对行李箱做的功为
As shown in the picture, a girl used a constant force F to pull the suitcase. The
angle of the force is 𝜃 with the horizontal direction, and the suitcase moved a
distance S in the horizontal direction. What is the work done by force F on the
luggage during this process

A. Fs
B. Fssin𝜃
C. Fscos𝜃
D. Fstan𝜃
3、如图，一传送带的上表面以𝑣1 向右做匀速运动，其右侧平台上有一
质量为m的物体以初速度𝑣0 自左冲上传送带，若传送带足够长，并且
𝑣1 > 𝑣0 ，则物体在返回平台的瞬间，其动动能与刚离开平台瞬间相比，
变化了（ ）

As shown in the figure, the upper surface of a conveyor belt is moving at

a constant speed 𝑣1 to the right. On the platform to its right, there is an
object with a mass of m that rushes onto the conveyor belt to the left at
an initial velocity 𝑣0 . If the conveyor belt is long enough and 𝑣1 > 𝑣0 ,
then at the moment of returning to the platform, the kinetic energy of
the object changes compared to the moment it just left the platform

A. 0
1
B. m𝑣0 2
2
1 1
C. m𝑣1 2 − m𝑣0 2
2 2
1 1
D. m𝑣1 + m𝑣0 2
2
2 2
1、跳水运动员从10m高的跳台上跳下，运动员在下落的过程中（ ）
A. 动能减少，重力势能减少
B. 动能减少，重力势能增加
C. 动能增加，重力势能增加
D. 动能增加，重力势能减少

1. Diving athletes jump from a 10m high platform, and during the
process of falling, the athletes
A. kinetic energy decrease, gravitational potential energy decrease
B. kinetic energy decrease, gravitational potential energy increase
C. kinetic energy increase, gravitational potential energy increase
D. kinetic energy increase, gravitational potential energy decrease
2、质量为m的跳水运动员，从离水面高h的跳台上以速度𝑣1 斜向上跳起，跳
起的最大高度为H（离跳台），最后又以速度 𝑣2 进入水池中，不计空气阻力，
则运动员起跳时所做的功是（ ）
A diver with a mass of m jumps upwards with an angle from horizon from a
platform h above the water surface at a speed of 𝑣1 . The maximum height he
can reach is H (from the platform). He finally enters the pool at a speed of 𝑣2 .
ignore air resistance. What is the work done by the diver when jumping?
3、若质量为m的跳水运动员从跳台跳下，完成跳水动作后，竖直进入水中时
受到水的阻力作用而做减速运动。设水对他的阻力大小恒为f，在他减速下降
高度为h的过程中，他的（ ）
If a diver with a mass of m jumps off the diving platform and completes the
diving action, they will experience deceleration due to the resistance of the
water when entering the water vertically. Assuming that the resistance of
water to him is constant as f, during his deceleration and descent to a height
of h, his ( )
A. 动能减少了fh Kinetic energy reduced by fh
B. 重力势能增加了mgh Gravitational potential energy increased by mgh
C. 机械能增加mgh Mechanical energy increased by mgh
D. 机械能减少了fh Mechanical energy reduced by fh
1、关于汽车发动机的功率,下列说法正确的是
Which of the following statements about the power of a car engine is correct
A. 根据功率P=Fv可知，牵引力一定与速度成反比
According to P=Fv, it can be inferred that the engine force must be inversely
proportional to the speed
B. 根据功率P=Fv可知，发动机功率一定时，汽车的牵引力一定与速度成反比
According to P=Fv, it can be inferred that when the engine power is constant,
the engine force is inversely proportional to its speed
𝑊
C. 根据功率 P= 可知，发动机做功越多，其功率就越大
t
According to P=𝑊/t, it can be inferred that the more work the engine does, the
greater its power
𝑊
D. 根据功率 P= 可知，知道W和t的值就可求发动机任意时刻的功率
t
D. According to P=𝑊/t, knowing the values of W and t, the power of the engine
at any given time can be determined
2、汽车从拱形桥的顶点A匀速率运动至桥的B点，下列说法正确的是（ ）
Which of the following statements is correct for a car moving at a constant speed
from the highest point A of an arched bridge to point B of the bridge

A. 汽车在A点受力平衡
The forces are balanced at point A
B. 汽车重力的瞬时功率减小
Instantaneous power of the gravity on the car decrease
C. 汽车的机械能减小
The mechanical energy of cars decreases
D. 汽车的牵引力做的功等于重力做的功
The work done by the engine force of a car is equal to the work done by
gravity
3、汽车在平直公路上以恒定的功率加速行驶，若受到的阻力大小不变，则它
的牵引力F和加速度𝑎的变化情况是( )
A car is accelerating on a straight road at a constant power, provided that the
resistance it experiences remains constant, What are the changes in the engine
force F and acceleration 𝑎 of a car?
A. F逐渐减小, 𝑎也逐渐减小
F gradually decreases, and 𝑎 also gradually decreases
B. F逐渐增大，𝑎逐渐减小
F gradually increases, 𝑎 gradually decreases
C. F逐渐减小，𝑎逐渐增大
gradually decreases, 𝑎 gradually increases
D. F逐渐增大，𝑎也逐渐增大
F gradually increases, and 𝑎 also gradually increases
1. 物体做下列几种运动，其中遵守机械能守恒的是
Which of the following movements of an object follows the
conservation of mechanical energy
A. 自由落体运动
Free fall motion
B. 在竖直方向做匀速直线运动
Doing uniform linear motion in the vertical direction
C. 在水平面内做匀变速直线运动
Perform uniform variable speed linear motion in a horizontal
plane
D. 在竖直平面内做匀速圆周运动
Perform uniform circular motion in a vertical plane
2. 如图，一小球从空中下落，从它刚接触弹簧到把弹簧压缩至最短的过程中，若
不计空气阻力，则关于小球能量的变化，下列判断正确的是（ ）
As shown in the figure, during the process of a small ball falling from the air, from
the moment it first contacts the spring to the moment it compresses the spring to
its shortest length, if air resistance is ignored, which of the following statements is
correct regarding the change in energy of the ball

A. 动能一直减小
Kinetic energy keeps decreasing
B. 动能先增加后减小
Kinetic energy first increase then decrease
C. 机械能先增加后减小
Mechanical energy first increase then decrease
D. 机械能保持不变
Mechanical energy keeps constant
Efficiency measures
 Efficiency = useful energy/energy supplied

 Efficiency = output power/input power

•效率 =输出（有用）能量/提供的能量
• 效率=输出（有用）功率/输入功率
• Example: A 500W electric winch raises a weight of 150N by 6.0m in 10s
• 一个500W的电动机将一个重量为150N的物体在10s内提高了6.0m，计算其效
率？
• Electric energy supplied =500*10=5000J
• Useful energy transferred=potential energy gain of the load=150*6.0=900J
• Efficiency=900/5000=18%
The end