Business Growth Advisor Generator Using

Gen AI (GPT-2)
( 2023 )
─

By,
S Logesh Kumar
Pozent Labs
Chennai.
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1. Introduction:

Generating texts is one of the most challenging tasks in NLP as it requires the
model to understand a context and to continue the text while keeping the format,
the main idea flow, and follow specific restrictions, if the case. Advancements in
the last years in deep learning have led to the development of architectures capable
of generating a clear, concise, and quite long text. The first significant results were
brought by seq2seq architectures based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs).

Then, the attention layer increased performance, but limitations related to the
RNN architecture were still observed: vanishing gradient, inefficiency due to
sequential processing, and inconsistency for long sequences. Afterwards, the
Transformer architecture enabled the development of models capable of exceeding
the limits imposed by the RNN architecture, namely to: process long sequences,
use to the maximum capacity the existing hardware, and create pretrained models
that can be easily fine-tuned for other tasks. The Transformer architecture led to
the development of models with an impressive number of parameters, the most
recent ones being in the order of billions. Based on the Transformer’s decoder
architecture, OpenAI1 introduced the GPT autoregressive model . The next
generation of architectures, GPT2 , came with a number of parameters 100 times
larger than the initial version, while also processing 1024 tokens at once.
The model was trained on a 40 GB corpus (WebText) with 4 available versions:
base (117M parameters), medium (345M parameters), large (762M parameters),
xllarge (1542M parameters). This model achieved remarkable performance on the
synthetic GLUE benchmark and with human evaluations for the generated text.
GPT2 was trained to predict the next token given the previous sequence of tokens;
afterwards it was adjusted for other tasks such as summarizing, question
answering, translation, or generating a text with a special format.
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2. Data Preprocessing:

The journey towards meaningful insights begins with robust data preprocessing. In
this phase, the dataset undergoes a series of transformations to ensure it aligns with
the model's requirements. The 'Year,' 'Product,' and other pertinent columns are
processed to extract valuable information, laying the foundation for a seamless
fine-tuning process. This section elucidates the steps taken to cleanse and structure
the data for optimal performance.

Sample dataset fig

3. Model Training:

Training

The training process involves exposing the GPT-2 model to a curated dataset,
enabling it to learn the patterns, relationships, and contextual dependencies within
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the data. The model refines its parameters through backpropagation, continually
improving its ability to generate meaningful and contextually relevant suggestions.

Usage:

● Dataset Preparation: Curate a dataset containing relevant information for

business growth analysis.
● Tokenization: Tokenize the dataset using the GPT-2 tokenizer.
● Model Training: Fine-tune the GPT-2 model on the tokenized dataset to
make it contextually aware of growth-related patterns.

1. Architecture Overview
The core architecture of the GPT-2 model, as illustrated in Figure 1, serves as the
foundation for our Business Growth Suggestion Generator. GPT-2, or Generative
Pre-trained Transformer 2, is renowned for its proficiency in natural language
understanding and generation. The model consists of a transformer-based
architecture that enables it to capture intricate patterns and dependencies in textual
data.

2. Tokenization Strategy
The tokenization strategy employed in this project aligns with the Byte Level BPE
(Byte Pair Encoding) method, distinct from RoGPT2. The Tokenizers12 library, a
powerful tool for effective tokenization, was applied to the entire preprocessed
corpus. The resulting vocabulary size mirrors that of the English language model,
totaling 50,257 tokens.
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3. Special Token Handling

An essential distinction in token handling involves the special token "" whose id
was set to 0 for enhanced ease of use. This adjustment is made to align with the
default padding value of 0, streamlining the training process.

4. Training Objective
The primary training objective revolves around predicting the next token based on
the context of the preceding sequence. The model is trained to maximize the
probability of a token (wm) given the context of (m − 1) tokens, as expressed by
the formula:

P(wm)=∏ i=1mP(wM ∣w1,w2,w3,...,w m−1)

This approach assumes that the model learns to generate growth suggestions by
understanding the contextual dependencies within the provided data.

4. Fine-Tuning for Business Growth Analysis

The subsequent phase involves fine-tuning the GPT-2 model specifically for
business growth analysis. The carefully curated dataset, encompassing factors such
as education, marital status, and income, is tokenized and formatted for optimal
model training. The fine-tuning process refines the model's understanding of
growth-related patterns, ensuring its adaptability to diverse business scenarios.

Fine-tuning is a process where the pretrained GPT-2 model is further trained on a

domain-specific dataset to enhance its performance in a targeted task. In this
project, fine-tuning tailors the model to the nuances of business growth analysis.
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Usage:

● Fine-Tuning Setup: Configure the model for fine-tuning on a dataset specific

to business growth scenarios.
● Training Iterations: Conduct multiple training iterations to adapt the model
to the intricacies of growth-related language and patterns.

The culmination of the project lies in the generation of business growth

suggestions using the fine-tuned GPT-2 model. A dedicated function, tailored for
this purpose, accepts inputs such as the year and product. Leveraging the model's
language generation capabilities, the function produces insightful growth
suggestions, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making.

5. Models Included and Requirements:

1. GPT2LMHeadModel

The GPT2LMHeadModel is a fundamental component of the project, representing

the GPT-2 language model. This model is responsible for generating text based on
the patterns and context it has learned during training. Specifically, the "LM" in its
name stands for "Language Modeling," emphasizing its proficiency in
understanding and generating coherent language. The model is pretrained on a vast
dataset and fine-tuned for the specific task of suggesting business growth
strategies.

Usage:

● Initialization: model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained("gpt2")

● Fine-tuning: The model is fine-tuned on a custom dataset to adapt its
language generation capabilities to the domain of business growth analysis.

2. GPT2 Tokenizer
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The GPT2Tokenizer is responsible for breaking down input text into tokens,
making it digestible for the GPT-2 model. This tokenizer employs Byte Pair
Encoding (BPE), which efficiently handles a large vocabulary and captures
complex linguistic structures.

Usage:

● Initialization: tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained("gpt2")

● Tokenization: The tokenizer is used to convert raw text data into a format
suitable for training and inference, ensuring compatibility with the GPT-2
model.

torch:
● Purpose: torch is the core library for PyTorch, a popular open-source
machine learning library. PyTorch is used for building and training deep
learning models.
● Modules/Classes Used:
● torch: The main PyTorch module.
● torch.tensor: A multi-dimensional matrix containing elements of a
single data type.
● Depending on the code, other PyTorch modules might be used for
various purposes.

pandas:
● Purpose: Pandas is a powerful library for data manipulation and analysis. It
provides data structures like DataFrame for efficient data handling.
● Modules/Classes Used:
● pandas: The main Pandas module.
● pd.DataFrame: A two-dimensional, size-mutable, and potentially
heterogeneous tabular data structure with labeled axes (rows and
columns).
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TrainingArguments:

TrainingArguments is a class from Hugging Face's Transformers library used to

configure how a machine learning model should be trained. It allows you to set
parameters such as the number of training epochs, batch size, learning rate, and
save checkpoints, among others, to customize the training process for your specific
task.

Trainer:

Traineris a class in Hugging Face's Transformers library that streamlines the

training process for machine learning models. It handles tasks like iterating through
training data, optimizing model parameters, and saving checkpoints.

regex (imported as re):

● Purpose: The regex module provides regular expression matching operations

similar to those found in Perl.
● Modules/Classes Used:
● re: The main module providing regular expression matching
operations.

6. Flask Integration
The implementation of Flask in the Business Growth Suggestion Generator project
enhances its accessibility and usability, allowing users to interact with the GPT-2
model through a web-based interface. This integration facilitates a seamless
experience for both non-technical users and developers seeking programmatic
access.
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1. Architecture

The Flask application serves as the frontend, receiving user inputs and handling
requests. It communicates with the GPT-2 model, which is fine-tuned for
generating growth suggestions based on the provided parameters. The Flask app
and the GPT-2 model work in tandem to deliver personalized insights to users.

2. User Interface

The Flask web application provides an intuitive user interface where users can
input the desired year and product. Upon submitting the form, the application sends
the parameters to the GPT-2 model, which generates a growth suggestion. The
result is then displayed to the user, creating a straightforward and user-friendly
experience.

3. API Endpoint

For developers and third-party applications, the Flask app exposes an API endpoint
(/api/generate) that allows programmatic access to the growth suggestion
generation functionality. Developers can send HTTP POST requests with the
required parameters and receive the generated suggestions in JSON format.

4. Deployment Flexibility

The use of Flask opens up deployment possibilities, making it easy to host the
application on various platforms such as Heroku, AWS, or Azure. This flexibility
ensures that the Business Growth Suggestion Generator can be deployed and
accessed by users and applications globally.

5. Scalability and Future Enhancements

The Flask integration provides a scalable solution, allowing for future

enhancements and feature additions. As the project evolves, Flask's modular
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structure facilitates the seamless incorporation of additional functionalities and

improvements to meet evolving business needs.

Code Snippet:

Here the Example of Gen Model Code.

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Output:

7. Conclusion:

In conclusion, the Business Growth Suggestion Generator leveraging the GPT-2

model represents a novel approach to deriving actionable insights from
business-related textual data. The training architecture, tokenization strategy, and
fine-tuning process collectively contribute to a versatile tool for generating
growth-oriented suggestions. The project's significance lies in its potential to
enhance decision-making processes in a variety of business contexts.

8. References

[1] K. Cho, B. Van Merrienboer, C. Gulcehre, D. Bahdanau, F. Bougares, ¨ H.

Schwenk, and Y. Bengio, “Learning phrase representations using
https://www.tensorflow.org/tfrc
https://cloud.google.com/tpu
Mihai Alexandru Niculescu Computer Science Department University Politehnica
of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Stefan
Ruseti Computer Science Department University Politehnica of Bucharest
Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Mihai Dascalu Computer Science
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Department University Politehnica of Bucharest Bucharest, Romania

mihai.dascalu@upb.

9. Acknowledgment

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have contributed to the realization
of this Business Growth Suggestion Generator project. This endeavor would not
have been possible without the support, expertise, and dedication of several
individuals and resources.

First and foremost, I express my sincere thanks to the developers and maintainers
of the Hugging Face Transformers library. Their open-source contributions have
played a pivotal role in providing access to powerful natural language processing
models like GPT-2, which forms the backbone of this project.

I am indebted to the authors and researchers whose work laid the foundation for the
GPT-2 model and its associated components. Their commitment to advancing the
field of artificial intelligence has significantly influenced the capabilities of this
project.

I would like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance received from the online
communities and forums dedicated to machine learning and natural language
processing. The exchange of ideas, problem-solving discussions, and shared
knowledge have been instrumental in overcoming challenges and improving the
project.

—Thank You —