Im þontant ustimso Senionducto devices Go 4)

CIASSI Physls tihubbu4)

d whic One bf the follo wing rupresent4 fonsnd bias
diode?
8
(a> 2v
-2V
3V

Un biased. þ-n junLiam holes aifses from

a n an
to n-ygion be Cause
P-negin
fnee e'letn ons in the n-ugi on ttyatthem.
(4) difnce
ve aCnos Juncion by þoteati a
e hole Conlent hation nnints moi tanpahuc
kogim.
So CS)
(3) when à fonwad bi as is abþaied to ap-n Jtin
it
(g) naibes te botential bai
yo
(b) Redut es the tiajonity Cawi quwnent to
(C). lowes the þo teial bannier
d) nom o the abore,.
Sal 3(Ç)
indiume.
ne made by doping a gen maNium nys ba with
an'benie usbetively
n two ae Joined end to end and con ne cbed to abattny
 will Tunhin be onwand
uVese, biased

av-z grit: fatis aiangyemut

Sol. Revenid biased be cause, an beniç is þetaal
puaity
V-I
Revwevtay

-Raveise

5) Dnaw t ot þut In a -n Jun hi on diode

Sol-S.

(9 S Hafare utificatin hatis Qutþut frqungif

in pat fqung is2sHg ?

is 2sM,.
uhy is ful. Ware aei fin mone efficient than
a hals wave ucti fi?
hveage outhut. vetage is hig in fallware
ecti hiu then ta leo ripple procute din fulare
-uunfi; when Contand ko hal ave rifin.
(8} Gie the nato op numbu o holes anumb rof
Condui on eletnDM ingn tini semi Conduter
So(B)
Ratio.]i|
When avolt
Inuased nom o: 70 WkobV,tuthang iw
dio de wwn ent is lo mt what is the dyn aniusistae
6 diode?
Sol-4 tyramic AI lor

tuvese biased

Sol .lo. Revise biased

() what
Whe "
ye of extaingic Semnitonduteris fonned
gen manium is cloped sjth mdium?
(li Siion iis doked uoith,Bi sm?
Sol)6 idium is tnà yaleit, so Genmanium dopec
lndium. îs. 4-y be Somi endutr
CÜ Biametu is betaalent 5o sii Con doped bi',muth is
an m-bybe Semicndut
2) A*Wwhat tembenabunewould an intrinsic
Aemi tonducteonbehave ike,. a, pafet ingulates?
Sotl2. An ntrin Senmiconduron behave
pen fet insudater at knbuature:oK.
Semi-Comductons having - band

oeV,neei nely whithw onesie. be able to. dtect

6ooo ?
206eV
Sol 13

fo. inicnt. adiaton to be detected

dio de
be
For Da. Thentore ony D wie dutect this nediahon.
9) f eata diodu in figun e hasafon wand,
1.o 252. and intinite hesistane Mtavse biaarsistote
biasjshat
uill be ti valus bf ciinent I;iI3 &Iyi
I2S

A12SA
)2sA
F.

H
Sol. 14.

bised
* Reis tane in bnanw AB EF are eau 25 +2s)

A A8 a EF he iduti cal þunalle branlhes, bui

Net

Cwet I, =S.o0SA.

as kisistanu Df AB dEF aiequia

& I I+ 1, +y

002SA

=[Link]

GAs. gntu follaving diaqja which bulb outo B,2

B will
K

F
 |Sol-1S. as dio de D, is fonneud biased
-16. Sn th (S i a Semicmdu4fos.
would Jou
kloing diagnam
in uas e o du ease. the Valu ofR
b kee be juadi ngof tu amm etu A (Onstant
when S ib heate d? ive nuaon frs Youn answer

R.
Sol46. TThe Valuof Row'd ke in eased . mheati'ng
the hesis t¡nce of Semicandutonl S)du ou ase.

What habþens When afonwid -biasis applied to

a on Ju ncion ?
Sol-| [Link] on o abpied velkasiji s oposi te to
built in þot enti a Vo. as a usut
dublei on
width deases Qnd bati en
to Vo-V.
height is uducedl

"8- Di linguig betnee a meka and an isulata nthe

aiagiana.
meta
ci) Conduciom band a Vallnc 'TieIlatons
i
band ovuap eoh 0tu g4p. ange Enu;
beteenConuhionbad
& Valnce banc
Li) Gon duct on band is "Gnducton bandis [Link]
because no
eleuom Can be'xited tot
&4. Decnibe. biiefly with tha help ofa diaiarn, urol
o bio imponkank pnocwesin yolved in be fonmainofa
Pnjun Uin

fon malion o a pn un Uion ni) ditfuain

-Ele
’Elern dni

Di{}uaimiComduto Seni
the Conlent
ti'on
Hole ’Hdleditaim
as Lomþaed to Conlent naienof tele, Holedmi<t tr
lwhile in p bemi Gonduto Con lentnaHon o hols
Is much iuatn than Con(entraion of e .
When a b-n Jun ti on ia tonmed then duu to
Gmeentnaton gradient holei diffuse fromm f-side
to. nizl & electnon diue fnom n- side to
b-side.
This moti om of hage avisive i e to
diwson uwent
Dnifb: Dmijt of Change canies oeunsdue
to electic fiud. Due to buit in potentia
bavnienan elechic ild cli ru ted fnom nugion
to p-ugin is daveloþed acas the un eion.
This tiud Causes mo Mon bt electnonson pslde.
o JuncHom to n-sicle & motionof holes
 s

Thus a dri<t Cuneut Xtants:

Tuis cunen is hosit e to tua dinetion of:

9. 20. Dhaw V-I chaaactu istiy o a þ-n 1unction diode.

ruas ons!

0b the. qunent ndu vese bias ainost indebeh

[Link] houw.4 Sudden

Sudc
in Guaseat [Link] Calyetaget
mA

Fannsgnd btas

Sol-20,.
CI) 9ri nvense bi äsing khe net of ondu
due bo noiemut of minanit Chage
Canis ntm one ugion ky
ko anothu thinsugiw
the Junction.

"A bmalt abplizd., Vetag js tutfiriat.

Junction. Soj nu vuse wvt is alnast indepen deu
of cniticat valtage
di AA Chikias. votkige (on
Number o
buakdam Veiy) a lage
Covalent bonds, buaty nesuing in nuase

Of kange nurngben chage caniy

Hene Cunnent Inuascs at sikical
vely.
Q: 21 The qnabh of þotentialL baviw Vesus
width of deblehon ugi on fon an unbiase d. diode
i» bhoum inA n Go mbanison to A, graphs B acae
obkaine d. a ken biasing th diode in diffuent
ay I dentif the pe of bising in B& C
C
`Juatity yun anyien.
A

Sol-2| . Reveye biosed

Justiication: Jhen an ex kennal valtase Vis applied a(ey
u demiCondutou diod suu that nblde is þosiire
b-i is neg ative , dine ion of abþlicd etaye is same
Baniu
as dieut on af barnin botential A a nulb
inuases and deeti n nagion widas du tolhange
in ele tnic fi ud. T etine baiu higho ndu
nevese bies is (Wo+V).
C. Fonwot biay ed
when an extunat vatage VIsflida
Jusifiation: and
þosihve,
anO a dio de Auuh that -sda is

h-side is negatre.,' the dinuio atied. wdbay.

INis pox te. to bamies boteta o
Asa nislt , dublehon laye width dinses
udued. ike effeuhe bai
barmien hight is
hugat Undn foruwand bias ts(Vv).