Training Given by :- Manas Ranjan
Timing :- 15.00 PM to 16.30 PM
Date:- 27.07.23
❑ What is SPC?
• Statistical process control (SPC) is defined as the use of statistical
techniques to control a process or production method.
• SPC tools and procedures can help you monitor process behavior,
discover issues in internal systems, and find solutions for production
issues.
SPC – History
Developed by
Dr. Walter A. Shewhart
In 1920 in bell lab
❑ Traditional method-Page 1
In the past ,
manufacturing
depended on
inspection to screen
out NC product
This process produces
rework, scrap(MUDA)
❑ Traditional method-Page 2
❑ Better approach?
❑ Why we need SPC?
We need SPC to identify variation as well as to
reduce variation in process
❑ What is Variation?
• One problem with mother nature , every thing is
different
• No two things cannot be produced same in this
world
• Temperature continuously change
• Dissimilarity between two products for same
characteristic is called variation
❑ Why do you want to reduce the
variation
Because variation is main source of wastage ,
undesired work , rejections, customer
dissatisfaction etc.
❑ Causes for variation
There are 2 types of causes
1. Common causes – A process operating under common cause is
called under statistical control
2. Special cause/ Assignable cause – They are not common to all
time periods, but they can cause process fluctuations which are
large magnitude
This is because of certain factor
which
- Affect the time he takes
- He cannot control
- Vary randomly
- Eg- Traffic encounter under
normal; course of trave
CP CP
CPK
❑ Example – Pg1
❑ Example – Pg1.1
❑ Example – Pg2
❑ Constant table
❑ Control chart
❑ CP & CPK
❑ CP & CPK
❑ Rule1
❑ Rule2
❑ Rule3
❑ Rule4
❑ Rule5
❑ Rule6
❑ Rule7
CP =1 , 3 SIGMA
CP=1.33. 4 SIGMA
CP=1.64, 5 SIGMA
CP=2.0 , 6 SIGMA
FORMULA =1/ CP x 100
Specification =1.23 +/-0.025 MM
1.255-1.205 = 0.05/2 =0.025 MM
IF YOU WANT TO RUN LINE IN 6 SIGMA
1/2x100 = 50%
0.5 x.0.025 =0.0125MM
0.025-0.0125 = 0.0125 MM
New tolerance = 1.23+/- 0.0125mm
Where Does the 6 and Sigma come from?
Let’s cover the Sigma first. Sigma denoted by symbol σ (a Greek letter) represents the standard
deviation of a population. Primarily it characterizes the dispersion (or ‘spread’) of a set of data
values with respect to mean. A standard deviation is a value you have to calculate and is dependent
on the data your process generates.
What is Six Sigma?
Now let’s cover the 6. The six refers to how many standard deviations away from the mean we set
the specification limits in a 6 sigma process.
Now let’s put them together for 6 Sigma: A Six Sigma process has a specification limit which is 6
times its sigma (standard deviation) away from its mean. The 6 refers to the ability to fit the good
outputs of the process to fit within 6 standard deviations (or sigmas). Another way to say it is that
only 3.4 defects per every million opportunities fall outside the specification limits that we’ve set at
6 sigmas away from center.
You can also think of it as a level of excellence that can be quantified and easily compared against
other processes. If you only get 3.4 defects per million out of your process, i.e. a 99.9999998%
success rate, you have a 6 sigma process.
THANKS
