Seven

Language
Dictionary
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 Seven
Language
Dictionary
FRENCH-ENGLISH ENGLISH-FRENCH
ITALIAN-ENGLISH ENGLISH-ITALIAN
GERMAN-ENGLISH ENGLISH-GERMAN
RUSSIAN-ENGLISH ENGLISH-RUSSIAN
HEBREW-ENGLISH ENGLISH-HEBREW
PORTUGUESE-ENGLISH ENGLISH-PORTUGUESE
SPANISH-ENGLISH ENGLISH-SPANISH

• Over 115,000 Entries •

Glossaries of Proper and Geographical Names

Edited by David Schumaker

Gramercy Books
New York • Avenel
Copyright © 1978 by Random House Value Publishing, Inc.
All rights reserved.

This edition published by Gramercy Books,

distributed by Random House Value Publishing, Inc.
40 Engelhard Avenue, Avenel, New Jersey 07001 .
Printed and bound in the United States of America

Library of Congress Catalog. Card Number: 78-16509

ISBN 0-517-05795-6

8 7 6 5 4
CONTENTS

FRENCH COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 1

Introduction 2
Explanatory Notes 2

French-English DICTIONARY 3
Glossary of Proper Names 102
Glossary of Geographical Names 102

English-French DICTIONARY 103

Glossary of Proper Names 135
Glossary of Geographical Names 135
Letter Writing 136

GERMAN COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 141

Introduction 142
Explanatory Notes 142

German-English DICTIONARY 143

Glossary of Proper Names 201
Glossary of Geographical Names 201

English-German DICTIONARY 203

Glossary of Proper Names 230
Glossary of Geographical Names 230
HEBREW COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 23 1
Introduction 232
Explanatory Notes 234

Hebrew-English DICTIONARY 235

English-Hebrew DICTIONARY 29 1

ITALIAN COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 357

Introduction 358
Explanatory Notes 358

Italian-English DICTIONARY 359

Glossary of Proper Names 415
Glossary of Geographical Names 415

English-Italian DICTIONARY 417

Glossary of Proper Names 448
Glossary of Geographical Names 448

PORTUGUESE COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 449

Introduction 450
Explanatory Notes 450

Portuguese-English DICTIONARY 45 1
Glossary of Proper Names 522
Glossary of Geographical Names 522
 English- Portuguese DICTIONARY 523
Glossary of Proper Names 565
Glossary of Geographical Names 565

RUSSIAN COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 567

Introduction 568

Russian- English DICTIONARY 569

Glossary of Proper Names 632
Glossary of Geographical Names 633

English-Russian DICTIONARY 635

Glossary of Proper Names 670
Glossary of Geographical Names 67 1

SPANISH COMMON USAGE DICTIONARY 673

Introduction 674
Explanatory Notes 674

Spanish-English DICTIONARY 675

Glossary of Proper Names 78 1
Glossary of Geographical Names 78 1

English-Spanish DICTIONARY 783

Glossary of Proper Names 829
Glossary of Geographical Names 829
 Seven
Language
Dictionary
 COMMON USAGE
DICTIONARY

French-English
English-French

byRalph Weiman formerly

chief
OF LANGUAGE SECTION, U.S. WAR DEPARTMENT

revised
andenlargedby Mary Finocchiaro
PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION, HUNTER COLLEGE, NEW YORK CITY

AND

Remunda Cadoux chairmanof

FOREIGN LANGUAGES, CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS HIGH SCHOOL, NEW YORK CITY

CONTAINING OVER 20,000 BASIC TERMS WITH

MEANINGS ILLUSTRATED BY SENTENCES AND

1000 ESSENTIAL WORDS ESPECIALLY INDICATED

TOGETHER WITH A SECTION ON LETTER-WRITING

 INTRODUCTION

The French Common Usage Dictionary lists the most frequently used French words, gives their most important
meanings, and illustrates their use.

1. The basic words are indicated by capitals.

2. Only the most important meanings are given.

3. These meaningsare illustrated, wherever necessary,by means of everyday phrases and sentences.Where there is no
close English equivalent for a French word or where the English equivalent has several different meanings, the
context of the illustrative sentences helps to make the meaning clear.
4. Each important word is followed by the everyday expressionsin which it most frequently occurs. The Common
Usage Dictionary serves accordingly as a phrase book or conversation guide: it contains thousands of everyday
sentences which are of practical importance (for traveling, correspondence,etc.) or which serve as illustrationsof
the grammatical features of current written and spoken French. The Common Usage Dictionary should, therefore,
prove helpful both to beginnerswho are building up their vocabularyand to advanced students who want to perfect
their command of colloquial French.
5. In translating the French phrases and sentences, an attempt has been made to give not a mere translation but an
equivalent—that is, what an English speaker would say in the same situation. (Literal translations have been added
to help the beginner.) The user is thus furnished with numerous examples of how common French expressions(par-
ticularly
very idiomatic
the and the very colloquial ones) can best be translated into English.This feature makes the
Common Usage Dictionary especially useful for translation work.
6. The English-Frenchpart contains the most common English words and their French equivalents. By consulting the
sentences given under the French word in the French-Englishpart, the reader can observe whether the French word
always translates the English one or whether it does so only in certain cases.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Literal translations are in quotation marks.

Verycolloquialwords,phrasesand sentencesare markedjam. (expressionfamilie're"colloquialexpression,colloquialism").

Certain adjectivesthat end in -al in the masculinesingular and -ale in the feminine singular take -aux in the mas-
culine plural.
This plural ending is indicated in dictionary entries. However, since the feminine plural maintains,in all
cases, the regular ending -ales, it has not been expresslyindicated in the dictionary entries.
examples: masculine feminine

sing, cordial cordiale

plu. cordiaux cordiales
sing, egal egale
plu. egaux egales
Other adjectives of this type include: amical integral medical principal
central international mental sentimental
commercial lateral national social
horizontal loyal oriental special
ideal marital original triomphal
immoral

In written French, capital letters do not generally show an accent. However, for precision's sake, we have
included all appropriate accent marks on every word entry. In the sample sentences we have followed the normal
French practice of omitting accents on capital letters.
French-EnglishDICTIONARY
 k The first Uttrr of the >ilpluiiut vnhr to a newspaper ahriter to shelter, pr
Une carte d abonnement A teuton tvket s'abriter to take thelter
\. U , ,.nrrti, M.-ti.7 j t le), aux (pi contraction nhonncr In tuhtcrihf abrupt ad\ abrupt
of a + les) to. nt Etes-vous abonne a cette revue-1 Db | \HSr V I I i«MI
je vais a Pans / rn IPlM to Vans % nhe to thu magaanf' Are you a tub- En vin riMMH In hu absence
Traduisez-moi ca mot a mot Translate this % nh,
.. r to thu numjizxne' Mifi absence at -elle etc remarquee? Did
/or nu- uord for word. s'ahonner to MM n/>. anyone notice mi/ ahsi %
Attendez-donc a plus tard. VVViifimttl Liter Je my abonnerai I'm going to subscribe to it absent m absent
Retrouvons-nous a la Rare. Lett meet at the ABORD m access, approach, outskirt [*s absents ont iMJMrl tort Fhe abtent are
station. % tdje n'avais pas compns. mais main illu <iys in the 1/ rang
A tout a I'heure. See you in a little u hi/. tenant. j'v swis At fxrtt. I didnt under ABSKNT ad\ iihient
A demain. See you tomorrow. ["I'ntil tomor stand. \mt runt I get it ncnt Tie 1aught im Sont-ils ab*ents'J Are they abtent''
De prime abord At first tight II est absent de Paris He t away from Pant
C'est la premiere rue a droite. It's the first I! est dun abord difficile It %difficult to get He t not in Pans rum
street to your (the) right to see him He's hard to reach s absenter to be abtent.
II est au jardin He s in the garden. Les abords de la ville sont charmants The II faut que je m'absente pour quelques instants.
Au mois de mai. In the month of May outskirts of the ton n are iery nice /'// have to be away for a few minutes. I
Au revoir. Good-by. ("charmtn^ km e to |m »• fr u feu minutes
abaisser to lower- reduce. abordable ad} accessible. S'absenter pour affaires To go away on
s'abaisser to stoop, lower oneself La cote est abordable The coast it easy to ap- business.
abandon m. abandonment, desertion, surrender. proach S absenter de lecole To stay away from
abandonner to abandon, desert, Im I Leurs prix sont abordables. 77»eir prices are school
J'abandonne la course. I'm out of the race reasonable twithin ones meant absolu ad}, absolute.
abat-jour m. lampshade abordage m collision \of thipi ABSOLUMENTabsolutely.
abattre to pull down, kill, get depressed. Le brouillard hit la cause de I abordage The Absolument rien Absolutely noticing
On a abattu les arbres de lallee. They pulled fog was responsible for 1 "caused) the II me le faut absolument / need it badly I
down the trees in the lane. 1ollision. must have it without fail (at all cosU).
On a abattu le chevaJ. They killed the horse. aborder to land, accost, address, go up to. absorber to absorb
Elle se laisse abattre. She lets herself get lis aborderent dans une ile They landed on an s'absorber to be absorbed
discouraged(depressed). island. s abstenir to abstain, refrain from.
abattu adj. discouraged,depressed, downcast. Le bateau aborda a quai. The boat docked. The abstrait m abstract
Je I'ai trouvee tres abattue. / found her very boat came alongside the dock. II discute toujours dans l'abstrait. He's always
much depressed. 11 la aborde pour lui demander son chemin arguing in the abstract
abdomen m. abdomen. He went up to him to ask him the way abstrait adj. abstract.
abeille /. bee. aboutir to lead to, succeed. absurde adj absurd
abimer to damage, spoil. Cela n'aboutira a rien. That won't come C est absurde' It's absurd' It s ridiculous'
s'abimer to get spoiled, decay; ruin. lead 1 to anything. absurdite / absurdity
S'abimer la sante. To ruin one's health Oil aboutit cette route? Where does this road Vousdites des absurdites. You're talking non-
aboiir to abolish. lead toJ sense
abominable adj. abominable. II paraissait tres anxieux d aboutir He seemed abus m abuse
abondamment abundantly. very anxious to succeed. abuser to abuse, take advantage of.
Nousen avonsabondamment.Wehave plenty aboyer to bark. II a abuse de son autorite. He abused his
of it. abrege m. otifhne, summary. authority.
abondance/. abundance. abreger to abbreviate. Vousabusez de sa patience. You'refrying his
II y en a en abondance. There's plenty of it. Pour abreger. In short. To be brief. patience. You're taking advantage of his
It's very plentiful. Comment abregez-vousce mot? How do you patience.
II parle avec abondance. He speaksfluently. abbreviate this word? s'abuser to be mutoJcen.
Abondance de biens ne nuit pas. You can't II faut que j'abrege mon sejour. /'// have to Vous vous abusez. You'remistaken.
have toomuchof a goodthing.(' 'Abundance cut my stay short. abusif abusive/.) adj. abusive.
of good things doesn't hurt.") abreviation /. abbreviation. academie /. academy.
abondant adj. abundant. Quelques abreviationsfrancaises(SomeFrench accablant adj. oppressive,crushing.
La main-d'oeuvTeest abondante dans cette abbreviations): II fait une chaleur accablante. The hear is
region. Manpower (labor) is plentiful in D. or d. Ditto. Ditto. oppressive.
this region. There is an abundant labor Et Cie. Et Compagnie. And Co. accabler to weight down, overcome, overwhelm.
supply in this region. F. Franco. Postageprepaid. Deliveryfree. Cette chaleur vous accable. This heat over-
abonder to be plentiful. M. Monsieur. Mr. comes(gets
you you down).
Le gibier abonde dans ce pays. Game is Mgr. Monseigneur.Afgr. acceder to accede to, comply with.
plentiful in fhis region (part of the Mile. Mademoiselle.Miss. accelerateur m. accelerator.
country). MM. Messieurs.Messrs. Appuyer sur l'accelerateur. To step on the gas.
J'abonde parfaitement dans votre sens. / Mme. Madame. Mrs. acceleration /. acceleration.
share your opinion completely. I'm in N.B. Nota bene. SB. accelerer to quicken.
completeagreementwith you. P.S. Post-Scriptum.P.S. Postscript. Accelerons le pas. Lef's walk faster. Let's
abonne m. subscriber. P. et T. Postes et Telecommunications. quicken our pace.
Les abonnes au telephone, au gaz, a l'electri- Post and TelegraphOffice. accent m. accent.
cite, etc. Telephonesubscribers;consumers R.S.V.P.Repqndez, s'il vous plait. Please Parler anglais avec un accent. To speak Eng-
of gas, electricity,etc. answer. lish with
an accent.
Pour tout changement d'adresse les abonnes S.V.P. S'il vous plait. Please. Oil se trouve l'accent tonique dans ce mot?
doivent joindre 50 centimes. For any T.S.F. Telegraphie sans fil. Radio. Where is the accent in this word?
change of address, subscribersmust send T.S.V.P. Toumez s'il vous plait. Turn (the Accent aigu. Acute accent.
("attach") 50 cents. (Newspaper, maga- knob). Turn over (a page). Accent circonflexe. Circumflexaccent.
zine, etc.) abri m. shelter. Accent grave. Grave accent.
abonnement m. subscription. Mettez-vous a l'abri. Take shelter. accentuer to accent; accentuate.
Prendre un abonnement a un journal. To sub- I abricot m. apricot. acceptable adj. acceptable.
acceptation admi

acceptation/. acceptance. accrocher to hang up, hook. acteur m. (actrice /. ) actor.

ACCEPTERto accept. Accrochezvotre pardessuset votre chapeau au actif m. assets, credit.
acception/. acceptance;meaning. porte-manteau. Hang your coat and hat on ACTIF (active /.) adj. active.
Ce mot a plusieursacceptions. This word has the coat-rack (clothes-stand). C'est un homme tres actif. He's a very active
several meanings. accroitre to increase, augment, enlarge. man.
Dans toute l'acception du mot. In every sense s'accroitre to increase. II mene une vie active. He leads an active life.
of the word. s'accroupir to squat. ACTION /. action; stock.
accueil m. reception. C'est un homme d'action. He's a man of action.
acces m. access.
J'ai acces a leurs dossiers. / have access to On lui fit bon accueil. They welcomed him L'action se passe en 1830. The action takes
their files. warmly. They gave him a warm reception. place in 1830.
Leur piopriete est d'acces difficile. Their estate Sa proposition n'a pas rec,u un tres bon accueil. Ces actions sont cotees a la Bourse. These
is difficult to reach. His (her) suggestion (proposition) was not stocks are quoted on the stock exchange.
Acces interdit. No admittance. very well received. activer to quicken, accelerate.
II a souvent des acces de mauvaise humeur. He accueillir to receive, welcome. activite /. acfictry.
often has fits of bad temper. On accueillera favorablement votre requete. L'usine est en activate. The factory is in
accessible adj. accessible. Your request will be favorably received. operation.
accessoire m. accessory. On m'accueillit tres cordialement. They re- actualite f. actuality.
ACCIDENT m. accident. ceived
veryme
cordially. Les actualites au cinema. The newsreel.
II a eu un accident d'automohile. He had (met accu(mulateur) m. storage battery. C'est tout a fait d'actualite. It's the topic of
with) an automobile accident. accumulation /. accumulation. the day.
Nous nous sommes rencontres par accident. accumuler to accumulate. ACTUEL (actuelle /.) adj. of the present time,
We met by accident (by chance). accusation/. accusation, charge. current.
accidentel (aecidentelle /.) adj. accidental. accuser to accuse; acknowledge. Le gouvernementactuel. The present govern-
accidentellement accidentally. N'accusez jamais sans preuve. Sever accuse ment.
acclamer to acclaim, hail, cheer. without proof. Dans l'etat actuel des choses. In the present
s'acclimater to become acclimatizedor adapted. Nousvousaccusonsreceptionde votre derniere state of affairs. The way things (conditions)
accommodant adj. accommodating. lettre. Weacknowledgereceiptof your last are now.
Ce marchand est tres accommodant. 77iis letter. actuellement now, nowadays,at the present time.
storekeeper is very accommodating. s'acharner to set about (a thing)furiously, pursue adaptation f. adaptation.
accommoder to accommodate, suit. relentlessly. adapter to adapt.
L'hotel peut accommoder quatre-vingt-dix per- La malchance s'acharne contre lui. /// luck s'adapter to adapt oneself to; fit, suit.
sonnes. The hotel can accommodate ninety pursues him relentlessly. ADDITION /. addition; restaurant check.
people. ACHAT m. purchase. II y a une erreur dans I'addition. There's a
Cela m'accommode a merveille. That suits me Allez-vous faire des achats? Are you going mistake in the addition.
fine (to a T). shopping? J'ai demande I'addition au garcon. / asked the
s'accommoder to put up with, be satisfied with. ACHETER to buy. waiter for the check.
II s'accommode de tout. He's satisfied with J'ai achete cette auto bon marche. / bought ADDITIONNEL tadditionnelle f. | adj. additional.
anything. He's easy to suit (please). this car cheaply. ADDITIONNER to add up.
accompagner to accompany. acheteur m. buyer, purchaser. ADIEU good-by.[In southern France, Adieu is an
lis l'accompagnerenta la gare. They tookhim ACHEVER to complete,end, finish. everyday word for good-by. In other parts
(her) to the station. Achevez toujours ce que vous commencez. of France. Adieu is used only when one
accompli adj. accomplished. Alwaysfinish what you begin. doesn't expect to see someonefor a long
Un fait accompli.An accomplishedfact. A fait Ne l'interrompezpas. Laissez-leachever.Don't time.)
accompli. interrupt him. Let him finish. adjacent adj. adjacent.
accomplir to complete,finish. acide noun (m.) and adj. acid. adjectif m. udjective.
s'accomplir to happen; be fulfilled. ACIER m. steel. adjoindre to add.
Sa prediction s'est accomplie. His prediction acompte m. partial payment in advance, install- lis lui ont adjoint un assistant. They gave him
came true. ment. an assistant.
accomplissementm. achievement,fulfillment. Un acompte de dix francs. Ten francs on s'adjoindre to take as an assistant, associate with.
ACCORD m. accord, agreement. account. II s'est adjoint un associe. He took a partner.
Parvenir a un accord. To reach an agreement. ACQUERIRto acquire, purchase. adjoint \adjointe f.) noun and adj. assistant.
D'un commun accord. By common consent. acquisition/. acquisition,purchase. II est adjoint au directeur }!e's [tlie, an)
Je suis d'accord. / agree. acquit m. discharge, receipt, acquittal. assistant director.
D'accord, soit. All right, agreed. ("Agreed, let Par maniere d'acquit. For form's sake. ADMETTRE to admit.
it be that way. ") Par acquit de conscience.For conscience'sake. II est generalementadmisque . . . It a generally
D'accord, allez-v. All right, do it (go ahead). To salve one's conscience. admitted that . . .
accorder to grant. acquitter to acquit; receipt. Les enfants ne sont pas admis. Adults only.
s'accorder to agree. II a ete acquitte. He was acquitted. ("Children not admitted.")
Son recit ne s'accorde pas avec le vdtre. His II a acquitte la facture. He receipted the bill. Etre admis a un examen. To pass an examina-
story doesn't agree with yours. s'acquitter to perform; pay a debt. tion.
Votre cravate ne s'accorde pas avec votre II s'est bien acquitte de sa mission. He carried Sa requete ne fut pas admise. His (her) re-
costume. Your tie doesn't match your suit. out his missionsuccessfully. questnot
was[has not been) granted.
accoster to accost, address, speak to. II s'est acquitte de ses dettes. He paid off his Cette affaire n'admet aucun retard. The (this)
accoucher to give birth to; lie in. debts. matter admits of no delay.
accourir to rush up, run up. ACTE m. act, action, deed. administrates m. (administratrice/.) administra-
lis accoururent a son secours. They ran to his Ses actes furent desavoues par son chef. His tor, director.
(her) help. actions were repudiated by his chief. administration /. administration.
accoutumer to accustom. Une comedieen trois actes. A comedyin three administrer to administer; manage.
J'y suis accoutume maintenant. I'm used to acts. A three-act play. admirable adj. admiralile.
it now. Faire acte de presence. To put in an appear- Quel temps admirable! What glorious
s'accoutumer to accustom oneself to, get used to. ance. weather!
On s'accoutume a tout. One gets used to L'acte est en bonne et due forme. The deed is admiration f. admiration.
everything. in proper form. admirer to admire.
JlllMIXN

admission ' admi. affermir to \rr. ngth I .

adopter |p <uii>i>l % ffiche / ;>•% % % n hilt it i all alx'Ut I il
I c OnM '!•' I«>lnit .l<l..ptr- a I 'unaiilliilt'' Hi. afficher U<pn\t | bill
/>i/7IMI aiL'jilnl utumi"uii\lii affirmatif affirmative) ail] utbrnuitii, \oi(i ir dun! il s agit The thine '> ''"' !hi\
adoption I ni/<7ih<ifi affirmatisr t afhrmnrti • il thl '/ri-
% dorrrIDti II a re[x>ii(lnpar I affirmll " piled ll agit
s d une forte somme < y i\
adorn h in thr affimuihi e 'i i il
IDRESSI % addnm affirmer to affirm, assert, maintain agitation f a^itatum
\i>u i inon wintu Htn • ny m a jwrs. urnes affirment Si I
1.4* maire a In line adrcssr an president The fain peirple maintain s'agiter to be agiti.1
mayor reiui tin luldress (<> thi f'r,\ul, ul II I affirma sous serment //< OtMftfd if under agneau m lamb
\I)RrSXrK to .i-/./r. ss i xith agon ir t m

lettrr vous est adressee This /i ffrr u affliction I at*'- agrafe f h/iok. clip
fi(/f/rfwed |p i/i'|/ affliger to nfflu t pom gn< • % agrandu
Vdressc/ Ii paquet par la poste Vn</ the affluence t rfou . affluence, %f"tj <% / agrandissement m enlargement
panel by mail I. heure d'affluence Hush hour agreable ad] agreeable pit
lui (]UI ma adresse a sous //. s'ifroler ti> tall info | panu lne soiree agreable A pleasant riming
me to i/(ii \e vous aflole/ pas !*m t get rn itrd agreer
S'ADRESSER to apply to. affranchir | ullez agreer mes salutations emprr
S'adresser u i \r>ji/iy'% • affranchissement m postage
\dr<\\c/ VOU a ce monsieur la has Ask truit affrem art reuse t <ul\ humble, dreadful, frightful •gremenl m innsent. pl< .
gentleman ''' ' ' fhi r< II fait un temps affrem The I • agric ulteur m fan
( .st a vous i|iic rt-l.i s adresse This u meant J ai un mal de tete affrem / hm I an nu tul agnculture / farming.
/or i/ou headache aguets m pi used in tht win
ADl'LTE m <ulult affront m imulf 'enir aux aguets To he nn the watch . To
ADVEMR to happen, • affiil m hidingyi. be on une \ guard
II advint une chose inattendue Something Etre a I'affut To be m thr u <it, h ah' at.
unexpected occurred \HN I)f "i .' ahuri iul] flurried. <onfused
Qu'en est-il advenu5 H'hat became of tt? U>wf II se depeche afin de partir plus t<M He \ AIDE f aid. help
happened to H? hurrying »o he can leave earlier II vint a notre aide He ram* to our aid He
Advienne que pourra CotJMu/ia/ mai/ afin que M that in .% rdrrthat helped us
Je le ferai quoi qu'il advienne / (7rio it, corrk' africain noun and ail\ Kfftom aide m aide, assistant
u hat may. I IIdo it no matter what happens aga<;ant ad\ annoying, irritating AIDER to help
adverbe m adverb C est agacant /( s irritating upsetting It gets \ide/-moi a porter les bagages Help me carry
adversaire m. adversary, opponent, rival on your m I the hags
adversite f atii ersity agacer to imtofe. get on one s M aie! oiirh'
affable adj affable Ce bnut m agace 77ii.s nox.\r gets on my nerves aieut m pi ancestors
affaiblir to weaken ACE m. age. period, era aigle m eagle
AFFAIRE f affair, business, matter. Quel age avez-vouV How old are | aigre ad) sour, hitter
11 est dans les affaires. He s in business //> - II est entre deux ages He s middle-aged aigu aigne / ad] sharp
businessman. II a pns de I age ces derniers temps He s L accent aigu. Acute accent
II est a ses affaires. He's at his office aged a lot recently Elle poussa un en aigu She let out a shrill cry.
Comment vont les affaires:* How's business' On apprend a tout age lt\ never too late to aiguille f needle
Les affaires sont les affaires. Business w busi- learn. One is never too old to learn Xiguille a tncoter Knitting needle.
ness. Le Moyen-Age 77ie Middle Ages aiguiser to sharpen.
Oil en est 1'affaire? Hou docs that matter stand'-1 age ad), aged aile f uing.
Voila mon affaire. That s just what I want II est age de douze ans He's twelve years old AILLEURS elsewhere, somewhere else.
need Elle est beaucoup plus agee que son man Cest moins cher ailleurs ft J less expensive
II fait mon affaire. He s the man I need. She s much older than her husband elsewhere
Faire laffaire de. To meet the needs of. agence f. agency Par ailleurs Besides Otherwise
J'ai votre affaire. / hate fust the thing for you. J'ai lagence de leur maison pour la region. / D'ailleurs. il est parti. Besides, he s gone he s
Quelle affaire' What a mess? What a bother face the agency branch office' of their left.
troubled firm for this region Nulle part aillevirs.Souhere else.
II a egare ses affaires. He's mislaid his things. Lne agence telegraphique. .A netzs agency. Partout ailleurs. Everywhere else
Ce nest pas votre affaire. That s not your con- L agence de vovage. Travelagency. AIMABLEad\. amiable, kind, pleasant, likeable
cern. That's
no business of yours. agenda m. notebook,diary. Vousetes bien aimable. That's very kind nice
Se tirer d'affaire. To get out of a difficulty. agent m agent. of you. "Youare very kind
Cest une affaire de gout. It's a matter of taste. Je suis l'agent de cette firme I'm the agent Cest tres aimable a vous That's very kind of
Jen fais mon affaire. Leave it to me. I'll see to representative of thus firm. you.
it. Til take charge of it I'll make it my Agents de police. Policemen. Voulez-vous etre assez aimable de me passer
business to see about it le sel? Will you please pass me the salt'
aggraver to aggravate, increase the gravity of.
affaire adj. busy. s'aggraver to aggravate, get worse. Elle a lair aimable. She looks seems to be
II a toujourslair affaire.He always looksbusy. La situation s'aggrave. The situation is growing pleasant.
affairement m. bustle. getting^ worse. AIMER to love. like.
Quel affairement! What a hustle and bustle! agile adj. agile. Aimer bien. To like very much.
s'affaler to fall, drop. AGIR to act. J'aimerais. I'd like
aflame adj. hungry, famished. II agit toujours de cette facon. He always acts J'aime le cafe. / like coffee.
affecter to affect, influence. that way. Jaime mieux l'autre. / like the other one better
affection/. affection. Reflechissezavant d"agir.Thinkbefore you act. 1 prefer the other.
Prendre quelqu'un en affection. To take a Look before you leap. Je n'aime pas 9a. / don't like that.
liking to someone. To grow attached to S'AGIR de to be a question of, a matter of. aine noun and adj. eldest, elder, senior.
someone. De quoi s'agit-il? What's the matter' What's AINSI so. thus, in this way.
affectueux affectueuse/. adj. affectionate. it a question o/? Et ainsi de suite. And so on. And so forth.
 Angleterre

Pour ainsi dire. So to speak. that! You can t really be serious! amende f. fine.
C'est ainsi qu'on l'appelle. That's his name. Allons, decidez-vous. Come on, make up your AMENER to bring.
S'il en est ainsi. // that's the case. mind. II prit un autobus qui l'amena juste devant
Est-ce bien ainsi?Is it all right this way? Cela me va. That suits me. That's fine as far l'immeuble. He took a bus which brought
AIR m. air. as I'm concerned. him right in front of the building.
Vous etes dans un courant d'air. You're in a Ce climat ne me va pas. This climate doesn't Vouspouvez amener votre ami. Youcan bring
draft. agree with me. your friend along.
Prendre l'air. To get some air. Sa robe lui va bien. Her dress is very becoming. amer amere f. ad\. bitter.
En plein air. Out of doors, in the open air. II va pleuvoir. It's going to rain. AMERICAN noun and adj. American.
II a cinquante ans, mais il n'en a pas l'air. He's Qu'est-ce que vous allez manger? What are Amerique/ America.
fifty but he doesn't look it. you going to (have to) eat? Amerique du Nord 'Sud). Sorth South
Cela en a tout l'air. It looks very much like it. Comment 9a va?— Tout va bien. How are America.
Elle a l'air jeune. She looks young. She has a things?—Everything'sfine. ameublement m. furniture.
youthful appearance. Comment va la sante? How's your health? ameuter to stir up.
La maison etait tout en l'air. The house was Comment allez-vous?How are you? AMI m. friend.
in disorder. Je vais tres bien. I'm very well. C'est un de mes meilleurs amis. He's one of my
Ce sont des paroles en l'air. It's just idle Est-ce que votre pendule va bien? Does your best friends.
[empty) talk. clock keep good time? Ce sont des amis intimes. They're closefriends.
Je connaiscet air-la./ knowthat tune (melody). Midi va sonner. It's almost noon. amical (amicauxpi.| adj. friendly.
aise /. ease, comfort,convenience. En allant a la Cote d'Azur. On the way to amidon m. starch.
II 6tait assis bien a son aise. He was seated the Riviera. amiral m. (amiraux pi.) admiral.
very comfortably. II va y avoir une mel6e. There's going to be AMITIE /. friendship; pi. regards.
Mettez-vousa l'aise. Make yourself comfort- a fight. Une amitie solide. A strongfriendship.
able. Va pour soixante-cinqfrancs!Soldfor sixty-five Mes amities chez vous. My best regards to
Je ne suis pas a mon aise. / don't feel com- francs! your family.
fortable
ease).(at Vas-y!Go there! Go ahead! Go to it! Sivouslui ecrivez,faites-luimesamities.If you
J'en suis bien aise. I'm glad of that. S'EN ALLER to go away, leave. write him, give him my regards.
ais£ adj. easy, comfortable,well off. II est temps de sen aller. It's time to leave. AMOURm. love.
Ce n'est pas chose ais£e. It's not an easy matter. Allez-vous-en.Go away. amoureux tamoureuse/.) adj. in love.
Une famille aisee. A well-to-dofamily. alliance /. alliance; wedding ring. II en devint amoureux. Hefell in love with her
aisement easily. alio hello (on telephone). ample adj. ample, spacious.
Cela se croit aisement. 77iaf'$easy to believe. allonger to lengthen. amplement amply.
ajourner to adjourn, postpone. allumage m. ignition. ampleur /. ampleness; breadth.
AJOUTER to add. allumer to light. ampoule /. electric bulb; blister.
ajuster to adjust, adapt. ALLUMETTE/. match. amusant adj. amusing.
alarmant adj. alarming. Avez-vous une allumette? Do you have a amusement m. amusement.
alarme /. alarm. match? amuser to amuse.
alarmer to alarm. allure /. gaif, appearance, looks. Ca m amuse. It amuses me. I find it amusing.
album m. album, magazine. Cela a beaucoup d'allure. That looks smart. S'AMUSER to have a good time.
alcool m. alcohol. allusion /. allusion, hint. Au revoir, amusez-vous bien. Good-by. have a
alentour around. Faire allusion a. To allude to. To refer to. To good time (havefun).
alentours m. pi. surroundings. hint at. Nous nous sommesbien amuses hier. We en-
Aux alentours de. In the vicinity of. ALORS then. joyed ourselves
yesterday. We had a good
alerte noun f. and adj. alert; alarm. C'etait la coutume alors. It was the custom time yesterday.
alibi 7n, alibi. then (in those days). AN m. year.
aligner to arrange in a line, line up. Et alors, qu'est-ce qui est arrive? And what II y a un an. A year ago.
aliment m. food. happened then? J'y habite depuis vingt ans. I've lived therefor
alimentation /. nutrition. Alorsc'est dit? Well then, it's agreed? twenty years.
allemand noun and adj. German. Oh! Chic alors (fam.)! Oh! that's good! That's II gagne cinquante mille francs par an. He
Pouvez-vous traduire ceci en allemand? Can swell! earns fifty thousand francs a year.
you translate this into German? Ah non, alors!/ should think not! Certainly not! Une fois par an. Once a year.
C'est un Allemand. He's a German. Alors la. As for that. Well then. analyse/. analysis.
aller m. going. alpaga m. alpaca. analyser to analyze.
Au pis aller. Af the worst. En alpaga. In (of) alpaca. ancetre m. ancestor.
Un billet d'aller. A one-way ticket. ALPHABETm. alphabet. ANCIEN (ancienne/.) adj. ancient; former.
Un billet d'aller et retour. A round-trip ticket. alpinisme m. mountain climbing. Cela evoque d'anciens souvenirs.That brings
ALLER to go; to feel; to suit, fit, become; to be Faire de l'alpinisme. Togo mountain climbing. back old memories.
all right. alterer to alter. Mon ancien professeur se trouvait la par
Ou allez-vous?Where are you going? alternative /. alternative, choice. hasard. My former teacher happened to be
Aller a pied. To walk. alterner to alternate. there.
Comment puis-je y aller? How can I go (get) altitude /. altitude. ancre /. anchor.
there? amabilite / kindness. ane m. donkey, jackass.
Allons chez moi. Let's go to my house. amateur m. amateur; connoisseur. aneantir to annihilate, destroy.
Allez lentement. Go slow. ambassadeur tambassadrice/. | ambassador. anesthesique m. anesthetic.
Etes-vous jamais alle en Amerique? Have you ambiance /. atmosphere. ange m angel.
ever been to America? ambitieux (ambitieuse/.) adj. ambitious. ANGLAIS noun and adj. English.
Ce chcmin va a Paris. This road leads to Paris. ambition f. ambition. Parlez-vousanglais? Do you speak English?
Cela va sans dire. That goes without saying. ambulance f. ambulance. Comment appelez-vousceci en anglais?What
Allez! Go! Go on! AME /. soul. do you call this in English? What's the
Allez-y! Go on ahead! Go ahead! Go on! Etat d'ame. Mood. English word for this?
Allons-y! Let's go there. Let's go! Let's get C'est une ame sensible. He (she'* is a sensitive II a file a l'anglaise. He took French leave.
started (going).' person. angle m. angle.
Allons done! Sonsense! You don't really mean ameliorer to ameliorate, improve. Angleterre/. England.
% ngoiiM aniiir

% MMM / ilfi^rm/i AppareilphotogrephiqucI DRUM approfondir to mieihgatr, fathom.

tnfoiuM <faOODW ii-ni c \hi(ilm\ of <nun urn i Appareil <inematographique Movie camera Approfondir Ml MMtsm To get to the root
animal (anmi.uu ;i/ ItOUTIID md <«'/ Mtafli apparence f nppearamI (bottom) of a mattrr
aniinr iw// animated, spirited. In ely Sauver les apparences Tokeep up appearand <\ s'approprier to npprojtnate, usurp.
I <%(Icssin .tinmc //i« , artoon lanimated). apparent ad] apparent approuver to approve.
animrr to univuilr. enliven apparition f appearam <. \>m\ i isit Approuvez-vousce que )'ai dtt? Do you approve
anneau m nnj; Faire son apparition louuiki "iie'snpprnraw e of what I \aut-
ANNEF | r/.vjr appartement m aparrm^nf approximatif 'approximative /.) adj approximate
Bonne .inni-c' Happy New Year! APPARTEMR t<>belong to approximativement approximately.
I .tnnee qui vient. 77if roming year. Next year % •\|*11 appartient cet objet? Whom does this appui m. support.
anniversaire m birthday, annu ersary. (thing, object) belong toJ i Ml grace a leur appui que j'ai pu y parvenir
ANNONCE f. announcement, advertisement. appel m. call / was able to succeed thanks to their help
lis vont mettre une petite annonce dttM k Faire I'appel. To rail the roll Voici un exemple a I appui de ma these
journal They're going to put an ad in tin APPELER to call Here's an example which supports my
paper. Appelez-moi quand vous serez pret Call me argument
annoncer to announce. Uhm i/iMjre rvady. appuyer to support.
annuaire m. directory, telephone book. Appelez le medecin. Call the doctor II in a dit qu'il appuverait ma demande. //•
L'annuaire de telephone Telephonedirectory Comment vous appelez-vous? VVTiar'jyour told me he would support my request.
annuel (annuelle/.) adj. annual, yearly. nanw? s'appuyer to lean upon, use as support
annuler to annul, make voul Comment rappelle-t-on? What s his [km Appuyez-vous sur mon bras. Ixan on my arm
anonyme adj. anonymous. nameJ Appuyez-vous a la rampe pour monter
Societe anonyme. Joint-stock company. Je m appelle. My name is. I escalier Hold on to the banister going up
anormal (anormaux pi) adj. abnormal. APPETIT m appetite. the stairs.
antecedent noun (m.) and adj. antecedent Ca ma coupe l'appetit That took away apre adj. hard, rough.
anterieur adj. anterior, previous. (spoiled)my appetite. APRES after.
anticiper to anticipate. Aiguiserl'appetit. To whet the appetite Apres vous!After you!
Avec mes remerciements anticipes. Thanking Bon appetit! Hearty appetite! Vous avez eu raison apres tout. You were
you in advance (in a letter). applaudir to applaud, cheer. right after all
antiquaire m. antiquary, antique dealer. applaudissement m applause. Eh bien! Apres5 Well, what next*
antique adj. antique; ancient. appliquer to apply. APRES-DEMAINm. the day after tomorrow
antiquite f. antiquity. appointements m pi salary J'espere vous donner sa reponse apres-demain
II est marchand d'antiquites. He's an antique APPORTERto bring. / hope to giue you his answer the day after
dealer. Apportez-moi une tasse de the. Bring me a tomorrow.
antiseptique adj. antiseptic. cup of tea. APRES-MIDIm. (sometimesf.) afternoon.
anxiete /. anxiety. II apporta du soin a le faire He exercisedcare II est toujours la 1'apres-midi.He's always
J eprouvais de lanxiete avant son retour. / in doing it. there in the afternoon.
was very worried before he got back. ("I appreciation / appreciation; estimation. La representation commence a trois heures de
experienced some anxiety before his apprecier to value, appreciate. l'apres-midi. The performance begins at
return.") apprehender to seize; fear, dread. three p.m.
ANXIEUX(anxieuse/.) adj. anxious. J apprehende de la voir. / dread seeing her II a passe toute l'apres-midi chez moi. He
II paraissait tres anxieuxd'aboutir. He seemed J'apprehende qu'il ne soit trop tard. I'm spent all afternoon at my place.
very anxious to succeed. afraid it will (may) be too late. apte adj. apt, fit.
AOCT m. August. apprehension /. apprehension, dread. aptitude /. aptitude, ability.
apaiser to appease, pacify. APPRENDRE to leam. aquarelle /. water color (painting).
(en) aparte aside, in a stage whisper. II nest pas difficiled'apprendre une langue araignee /. spider.
apathie /. apathy. etrangere. It's not very hard to learn a arbitraire adj. arbitrary.
APERCEVOIRto perceive, observe. foreign language. arbitre m. arbitrator, umpire, referee.
Je vous ai apercu dans la foule. / got a Elle apprend a conduire.She'slearninghow to arbre m. tree.
glimpseof you in the crowd. drive. arc m. bow; arc.
Je I'apercois. / see him. apprenti noun and adj. apprentice. arche /. arch.
S'APERCEVOIRto perceive, notice. apprentissagem. apprenticeship. architecte m. architect.
II ne s'apercoit de rien. He doesn't notice appret m. preparation. architecture /. architecture.
anything. appreter to prepare. ardent adj. ardent.
II est parti sans qu'on sen apercoive.He left s'appreter to prepare oneself, get ready. ardeur /. ardor, fervor.
without anyone seeing him. Elle s'apprete a sortir. She'sgettingready to go ardu adj. steep; arduous.
II s'apercut a temps de son erreur. He caught out. arete /. fish-bone.
his mistake (noticedhis error) in time. apprivoiserto tame. ARGENT m. silver; money.
apercu m. glimpse;brief account. approbation/. approbation,approval. Cette cuillere est en argent. 77m spoon is
II m'a donne un apercu de la situation. He approchant adj. similar, approximate. made of silver.
gave me a brief account of the situation. Si vous n'avez pas ce que je veux, donnez-moi II gagne beaucoup d'argent. He's making
apitoyer to move to compassion. quelque chose d'approchant. // you don't {makes)a great deal (a lot) of money.
s'apitoyer to pity. have what I want, giveme somethinglikeit. Argent comptant. Ready money. Cash.
aplatir to flatten. approche /. approach, advance. II n'en a pas pour son argent. He didn't get
aplomb m. self-assurance;impudence. APPROCHER to approach, come near. his money's worth.
Quel aplomb! What impudence! N'approchez pas, il y a du danger. Don'r go Le temps c'est de l'argent. Time is money.
apostrophe/. apostrophe;reproach. (come)near. It's dangerous. Assez(suffisamment)d'argent. Enoughmoney.
APPARAlTREto appear. L'heure approche. The hour is drawing near. argenterie /. silverware.
Soudainement il apparut. Suddenly he ap- It's almost time. argument m. argument.
peared. Approchez la lampe. Bring the lamp closer. arithmetique /. arithmetic.
APPAREILm. apparatus; equipment. S'APPROCHERto approach, come near. arme /. arm, weapon.
Ne quittez pas l'appareil, s'il vousplait. Please Je me suis approche de lui. / came near him. armee /. army.
hold the wire a minute. ("Don't leave the Ne vous approchez pas. Don't come any armement m. armament.
telephone. . .") closer. armer to arm.
armistice 10 attirer

armistice m. armistice. arrondissement m. district, borough, ward Paris'. assortir to match; assort.
armoire /. wardrobe. anoser to water, irrigate. assurance /. assurance, insurance.
arracher to pull out. i ART m. art. Agreez l'assurance de mes sentiments dis-
Le dentiste ma arrache une dent. The dentist Les beaux-arts. The fine arts. tingues. Yours very truly (in a letter).
pulled my tooth out. ARTICLE m. article. L'assurance sur la vie. Life insurance.
Impossible de lui arracher une parole. You L importation de cet article est prohibee. The Faire assurer. To have (something' insured.
can't get a word out of him. importation of this article is prohibited. assurer to assure, insure, ascertain.
arrangement m. arrangement. Avez-vouslu l'article de fond du journal de ce Assurercontre l'incendie. Toinsure againstfire
ARRANGER to arrange, put in order. soir? Did you read the editorial in this atelier m. workshop,studio.
Arrangez toutes ces choses. Put all these things et^ning's paper? atmosphere /. atmosphere
in order. Faire l'article dun produit. Toboosta product. atome m. atom.
Soyez tranquille, je vais arranger tout c,a. artificiel ^rtificielle /. | adj. artificial. atroce adj. atrocious.
Don't worry, ill straighten everything artisanat m. craftsmen. ATTACHERto attach, fasten.
("all this") out. Les produits de l'artisanat. Handicrafts. Attachez-cela avec une epingle. Fasten that
s'arranger to prepare oneself; put up with. artiste m. artist. with a pin.
Arrangez-vous. Manage as best you can. Do as m. ace. Attachez-le avec la corde. Tie it uith the string
the best you can. As de pique. Ace of spades. (cord, rope).
Laissez-moifaire, et tout s'arrangera. Leave C est un as au tennis. He s a tennis ace. Attachez tous ces paquets ensemble. Tie all
that to me ("Let me doit") and everything ASCENSEUR m. elevator. these parcels together.
will come out all right. Est-ce que cet ascenseur descend? Is this lis sont attaches l'un a l'autre. They re very
Cela s'arrangera. It will come out all right in elevator going downJ attached to each other.
the end. aspect m. aspect. Je n'y attache aucune importance. / dont
ARRET m. stop, halt; arrest; sentence. asperge f. asparagus. attach any importance to it.
Ou se trouve l'arret de l'autobus? Where does aspirateur m. vacuum cleaner. attaque /. attack.
the bus stop? Where's the bus stop? aspirer to inhale; aspire to. attaquer to attack.
Quel est le prochain arret' What's the next assaillir to assault. ATTEINDRE to attain, reach.
stop? assemblee /. assembly, meeting. J'ai couru maisje n'ai pu l'atteindre. / ran but
II y a un mandat d'arret lance contre lui. A assembler to assemble. I couldn't catch up with him [her).
warrant has been issued for his arrest. ASSEOIR to seat. Les prix ont atteint un nouveau maximum.
ARRETER to stop; arrest. Faites-donc asseoir monsieur. Give the gentle- Prices have reached a new high.
Attendez que les voitures soient arretees. man
seat.
a J'ai atteint mon but. I've reached my goal.
Waif until the traffic stops. Nous sommes assis dans la quatrieme rangee. ATTENDRE to wait.
Ma montre est arretee. My watch (has)stopped. We have seats in the fourth row. Attendez ici. Waif here.
Arretez-le' Arresf him! Je suis assis dans un courant d'air. I'm sitting Attendez un moment. Waif a minute.
S'ARRETER to stop. in a draft. 11attend depuis deux heures. He's been uniting
Arretons-nous ici. Let's stop here. II faut asseoir cette affaire sur une base solide. for two hours.
Quand le prochain train arrive-t-il, et combien We have to establish this business on a Attendez-vous une lettre? Do you expect a
de temps sarrete-t-il? When does the next solid basis. letter1* Are you expecting a letter?
train arrive and how long does it stop? S' ASSEOIR to sir down ("to seat oneself"). Le train etait attendu a onze heures cin-
La pendule s'est arretee. The clock stopped. Assevez-vous. Sit down. quante. 77ie frain uas expected at eleven-
ARRIERE m. back. ASSEZ enough, quite, rather. fifty-
Vous trouverez ce paquet a l'arriere de ma Est-ce assez comme cela? Is that enough? Nous attendons du monde. We re expecting
voiture. You'll find that package in the Ca va?—Assez bien, merci. How are you? company.
back of my car. ("Howare things?')—Quitewell,thankyou. Attendre que (+ subjunctive'. To wait until.
ARRIERE behind, backwards. En voila assez! That's enough' En attendant. In the meantime.
Faites deux pas en arriere. Take two steps J'en ai assez! 1. / have enough of it. 2. I'm Faire attendre. To keep [someone) aaihng.
backwards. fed up [Withit). S'ATTENDRE to expecf.
II est toujours en arriere pour ses paiements. assidu adj. assiduous. Je ne m'attendais pas a cela. / didn t expect that.
He's always behind in his payments. assiette /. plate. attendrir to soften, make tender.
Pourquoirestez-voustoujoursen arriere? Why Vous avez une assiette plate et une assiette s'attendrir to be moved.
do you always remain behind? creuse. Youhave a dinner plate and a soup Elle s'attendrit facilement. She's easily moved.
arriere-grand'mere/. great-grandmother. plate. attente f. waiting.
arriere-grandp^re m. great-grandfather. assigner to assign. Dans l'attente de vous lire. Awaiting your
arriere-petit-filsm great-grandson. assimiler to assimilate. reply (in a letter .
arrierepetite-Kile/. great-granddaughter. assis seated, sitting. lis sont dans l'attente de nouvelles de leur
arrivee /. arrival. Une place assise.Seat (bus, etc.). fils.They're waitingfor newsfrom theirson.
Nous etions la a l'arrivee du train. We were ASSISTANCE/,assistance;attendance;audience. attentif iattentive /.) adj. attentive.
there when the train arrived ("at the Assistancepublique. Governmentagency for ATTENTION / attention.
arrival of the train'). social welfare. Faites attention a ce qui se passe. Pay atten-
ARRIVER to arrive, happen. Une assistance nombreuse. A large audience. tion
what's
to going on.
lis arriverent trop tard. They arrived too late. assistant m. assistant. Attention' Pay attention! Lookout! Watch out!
Le train doit arriver a midi. The train is due ASSISTER to assist; attend. Attention a la marche! Watch the step!
at noon. Assistons ces pauvres gens. Let's help these Attention! Peinture fraiche! Be careful. Wet
Tachez d'arriver de bonne heure. Try to come poor people. paint.
early. N'oubliez pas d'assister a la seance d'ouver- Faites attention, vous lui faites mal. Be care-
Les voila qui arrivent. Here they come. ture de la societe.Don't forget to attend the ful you
re hurting him (her).
Arriver a ses fins. To attain one's ends. opening meetingof the society. attentivement carefully.
Que vous est-il arrive? What happened to you? associationf. association;partnership Voulez-vous relire cela attentivement' Will
C'est arrive trois jours de suite. That's hap- L'associationa ete dissoute. The partnership you reread this carefully?
peneddays
threein a row. was (has been) dissolved. atterrir to land [airplane).
Quoi qui! arrive. Come what may. Association de football. A soccer club. attirer to attract, draw.
arrogance /. arrogance, haughtiness. associer to associate. Elle attire tous les regards.Sheattractsevery-
airondir to round out. assortment m. assortment. one's attention
("all the glances').
attitude 11

Wins ,ive/ ,ittue s.i i oleic Vrn/ic mtulr hint •uparavant formerlyearlier,first autoriser to with
Auparavant< etait tout different Fotmtrly II ma diit'inse i|«- le f,)iri- Hi uulhi>ri:j il m< to
ivy
attitude / attitudt prn louify) it ii at ' ompletelydifl
ATTH\( nON | flttfBrttoti Auparavantpasseza la banque Co to the hank % utflriU I authority
I'.ins enrct line pinde attraction sur les first II fait autonte en la matiere He's an authority
ttrtnnn l''ins has a great attraction fur aupre* near hi/, t last by on the sulriei I
JUTS II est tOUJOUn aupres de lui He's illumes near Les autorites locales The local OUthorttUi
C'est l.itlr.ii tn111principale dvispectacle It's him II la fait de sa propre tutoritl //< did if un
the nuiin feature oj the show. Agir aupres de quelqu'un To use one s in his tut n imfirjfif f
attrait ffl attraction, <harm fiui m i ii ith someone. M TOl R around
Depourvu d'.ittr.nt { nattnutu e auquel a laquelle ( MnqueU m. pi . auxquelles l.es planetes gravitent autour du soleil '/Tie
ATTRAPER to catch. /. pi to whkh, I" Uhi'tn plan. %und the sun
Attrape! Catch' tuquel de ces homrnes voule/ vous parler5 II s, a une grande cour de recreation autour
II a attrape un rhume. He caught a cold /% u hi. h Iff thi si un n tla I/mi %. de I'ecole. There'salarge yard playground
Le peintre a attrape la ressemblance The speakJ around the school
painter caught the likeness. aurore / dawn. IK se rangerent autour de la table. They
Vous etes bien attrape. You've been fooled \l SSI also. gathered around the table
(taken in Lui aussi v lendra avec nous He a ill also come Regardez autour de vous, vous le trouverez
attrayant adj. attracts | itlth us He. tOO, a ill 1erne it ith US. Look around you You'll find it
Elle est tres attrayante. She's ten/ gftracfta \ussi peu que possible. As little at passible AITRE adj. other
attribuer to attribute II etait tard, aussi nous ne sommes pas sortis %1 sont moms bons que les autres These
attrister to sadden. It was late, so we didn t go out. aren't as good as the others
AU (aux pi.) See A. II est aussi grand que vous He s as tall as you Faites-lui une autre offre Make him another
aube /. dawn. are. offer
AUCUN adj. no, no one. not any. \ussi loin que le regard peut s'etendre As far Traversons de I autre cdte. Let's cross over to
Je n'v ai aucun inter£t. / haven't any interest as the eye can reach the other side
in it. AUSSITOT at once, immediately. Donnez-moi autre chose. Cite me something
Aucun de ceux-ci ne me dit rien. / don f care Aussitdt couche. je m'endors. As soon as I else.
for any of these. get into bed, I fall asleep I no sooner get Et avec ca, vous faut-il autre chose'"' Will you
Cela ne fait aucun doute. There isn't any into bed than I go off to sleep. need anything else 'in addition to this P
doubt about it. There's no doubt about it. Aussitot dit, aussitot fait. So sooner said than C'est un tout autre cas. That's an entirely
Laissez-le dire, cela n'a aucune importance. done. different case. It's another thing entirely.
Let him say what he wants. It doesn't Je suis desireux de partir aussitot que possible Voustrouverez cela autre part. You'llfind that
matter at all. I'm anxious (eager) to leave as soon as somewhere else.
Je n'ai de nouvelles d'aucun deux. / haven't possible. Je l'ai vu lautre jour / saw him the other day
had any news from any of them. Je men occuperai aussitot que j'aurai un A une autre fois. Until another time.
Cette mesure n'a plus aucune raison d'etre. moment de libre. /'// take care of it as :oon II passe dune extremite a lautre. He goes
There is no longerany justificationfor this as I have a free moment. from one extreme to another.
AUTANT as much, as many. Ni 1 un ni lautre ne valent rien Wither one is
measure.
Aucun etudiant n'a reussi a l'examen. Xot one S'il gagne autant que vous le dites. // he earns any good.
(not a single) student passed the examina- as much as you say. II va arriver dun jour a lautre. He'll arrive
tion. Repetez votre lecon autant que vous le any day now.
audace /. audacity. pouvez. Repeat your lesson as many times D'autre part. On the other hand.
audacieux (audacieuse /.) adj. audacious. as you can. En d'autres termes. In other words.
AU-DESSOUSbelow. Pour autant qu'il est en mon pouvoir. In so far Rien d'autre. Xothing else more).
Dix degres au-dessous de zero. Ten degrees as I can. In so far as it lies within my AUTREFOISformerly, in former times
below zero. Jen ai entendu parler autrefois. / formerly
power.
Au-dessous de la movenne. Below average. D'autant plus. All the more. earlier,a longtimeago)heard peoplespeak
AU-DESSUS above. AUTEUR m. author. about it.
Au-dessus de la porte. Above the door. C'est le dernier livre pani de cet auteur. This Les beaux jours d'autrefois. Thegoodold days.
Au-dessus de tout eloge. Beyond all praise. is the latest (most recent) book by this AUTREMENTofherulse
AU-DEVANT toward. author. Autrement nous y serions alles. Otherwise we
Aller au-devant de quelqu'un. To go to meet Les droits d'auteur. Royalties. would have gone there.
someone. authentique adj. authentic. autrui others, other people.
Aller au-devant du danger. To anticipate a AUTO /. See also automobile. \e faites pas a autrui ce que vous ne voudriez
danger. Savez-vous conduire une auto0 Can you drive pas qu'on vous fit. Do unto others as you
Aller au-devant des desirs de quelqu'un. To a car? would have others do unto you. ("Don't
anticipate someone'swishes. Voyager en auto. To travel by car. do to others what you would not have
augmentation/. increase; raise. autobus m. bus. others do to you.")
augmenter to increase. Quel autobus dois-je prendre pour y aller5 avalanche /. avalanche.
s'augmenter to increase. What bus do I (should D take to get there? avaler to swallow.
AUJOURD'HUItoday; nowadays. Un arret d'autobus. A bus stop. avance f. advance.
Je n'ai rien a faire aujourd'hui.I have nothing autocar m. bus, coach (outside of city). II est toujours en avance. He's always ahead
to do today. automatique adj. automatic. of time.
Je pars d'aujourd'hui en huit. I'm leaving a AUTOMNE m. autumn, fall. II faudra reserver vos chambres bien a l'avance
weekfrom today. AUTOMOHILE/ automobile. You'll have to reserve your rooms well in
Je reviendrai d'aujourd'hui en quinze. I'll II hit presque ecrase par une automobile. He advance.
be back (in) two weeksfrom today. was almost run over by an automobile. AVANCER to advance.
Quel jour du mois est-ce aujourd'hui? What's autonome adj. autonomous. Nous avancions a peine, tant la foule etait
the date? autonomic /. autonomy, self-government. dense. The crowd was so thick that we
C'est aujourd'hui le cinq. Today is the fifth. autorisation f. authorization. couldn't move ahead (advance).
Aujourd'huimeme. Today,this very day. Vous avez mon autorisation. You have my Cela ne vous avancera guere. That won't
aumone/. alms, charity. permission. get you very far.
avant 12 barbe

Ma montre avance de trois minutes. My watch A mon avis. In my opinion. adresse. I'm ashamed to confess I've for-
is three minutesfast. Referez-vous-en a son avis. Be guided by his gottenaddress.
your
Ne lui avancez pas d'argent. Don't advance advice. AVRIL m. April.
him any money. Sauf avis contraire, j'y serai. Unless you hear axe m. axis.
Avancer une theorie. To advance a theory. to the contrary, I'll be there. azur adj. azure, blue.
AVANTbefore. Avis au lecteur. Note to the reader (in a book).
II faut que nous le voyions avant qu'il parte. AVISER to inform; consider.
B The second letter of the alphabet.
We must see him before he leaves. Je vous en aviserai. 77/ inform you by letter.
Avant tout, faites 9a. First of all, do this. Avisez-moide votre venue. Let me know in badaud m. loiterer,idler.
Elle ne rentre pas de l'ecole avant cinq heures. advance if you come. BAGAGEm. luggage,baggage.
She doesn't come home from school until II y avisera. He'll study {consider) the matter. Vosbagages sont-ilsenregistres?Is your bag-
five. Nous aviserons. We 7/ think the matter over. gage checked?
lis sont partis en avant. They've gone on avocat m. lawyer. Faites descendre mes bagages. Have my bags
ahead. avoir m. possessions, property. brought down.
Avant mardi. Before Tuesday. Voila tout son avoir. That's all he has. Fourgon a bagages.Baggagecar.
Avant de manger. Beforeeating. AVOIR to have. Bagagesa main. Hand luggage.
Avant peu. Beforelong. Est-ce que vous avez des cigarettes sur vous? D6faire les bagages. To unpack the bags.
Deux cents ans avant J.C. 200 B.C. Do you have any cigarettes ("on you")? bagatelle /. trifle.
Le pneu avant. The front tire. II fut un temps ou il avait beaucoup d'argent Pour lui ce nest qu'une bagatelle. It's a mere
AVANTAGEm. advantage. mais maintenant il n'en a plus. There was trifle for him.
C'est a votre avantage. It's to your advantage. a time when he had a lot of moneybut he bague /. ring.
Vous avez l'avantage sur moi. You have the no longer has any. baguette /. stick.
advantage over me. II a vingt ans. He's twenty years old. baie /. bay.
Vous auriez avantage a. It would be to your II y a beaucoup de monde. There are many baigner to bathe, wash.
advantage to. people. There's a crowd. se baigner to bathe.
avantageux (avantageuse/.) adj. advantageous. Qu'est-ce qu'il a? What's the matter with him? Defense de se baigner dans le lac. Xo swim-
AVANT-HIERm. the day before yesterday. Vousavez tort. You'rewrong. mingtheinlake.
Je l'ai rencontre avant-hier./ met him the day J'avais raison. 7 was right. baignoire /. bathtub.
before yesterday. J'ai faim. I'm hungry. bail m. (baux pi.) lease.
avare m. and f. noun and adj. miser; avaricious, II a soif. He's thirsty. baillement m. yawning.
miserly. Elle a peur. She's frightened. She's afraid. bailler to yawn.
II est tres avare. He's very miserly. J'ai chaud. 7'm warm. bain(s) m. bath.
avarice /. avarice. Avez-vousfroid? Are you cold? Salle de bain. Bathroom.
avarie adj. damaged. Pourquoi avoir honte? Why be ashamed? baiser m. kiss.
AVECWith. Contre qui en a-t-il? Whom does he have a baisse /. fall, decline.
Venez avec moi. Come with me. grudge against? baisser to lower, let down.
Etes-vous d'accord avec moi? Do you agree Merci beaucoup. —II n'y a pas de quoi. Thank Baisser les yeux. To look down. To lower one's
with me? you very much. — Don 't mention it. eyes.
Avec plaisir. With pleasure. Gladly. J'aurais du y aller. 7 should have gone there. Donner tete baissee dans un piege. To rush
Avec grand plaisir. With great pleasure. Very Vous aurez besoin de cela. You'll need that. headlong into a trap.
gladly. II y avait beaucoup de monde dans le magasin. se baisser to stoop.
Avec succes. Successfully. There were a lot of people in the store. II se baissa pour le ramasser. He stooped to
AVENIRm. future. II n'y eut rien a faire, il y alia quand meme. pick it up.
Ne recommencez pas a l'avenir. Don't do it There was nothing we could do about it; bal m. ball.
again in the future. he went there just the same. balai m. broom.
C'est un homme d'avenir. He's a man with a Apres avoir recu le cheque. After receiving the balance f. balance, scales.
bright future. check. Faire pencher la balance. To turn the scales.
aventure /. adventure. Auriez-vous. Would you have. balancer to balance; swing, sway, rock; hesitate.
Je vais vous raconter ma recente aventure. I'll J'ai a ecrire une lettre. 7 have to write a letter. balayer to sweep.
tell you about an experience I had recently. J'ai une lettre a Ecrire. 7 have a letter to write. balcon m. balcony.
II racontait une de ses aventures en Amerique. Avoir besoin de. To need. balle f. ball (golf, tennis).
He was relating an experience of his in Avoir de la peine. To grieve, be in sorrow. ballet m. ballet.
America. Avoir envie de. To want to, feel like. ballon m. ball (football, soccer).
Elle dit la bonne aventure. She tells fortunes. Avoir l'air riche. To look, seem, appear rich. banal adj. banal, commonplace.
AVENUE/. avenue. Avoir l'habitude de. To be in the habit of, be banc m. bench.
averse /. short sudden shower. used to. bandage m. bandage.
aversion /. aversion, dislike. Avoir les cheveux noirs. To have black hair. bande /. band.
II l'a en aversion. He dislikes him (her). Avoir lieu. To take place, occur. Bande de cuir. Leather strap.
avertir to inform; warn. Avoir l'occasion de. To have the opportunity to. Faire bande a part. To keep aloof.
Je vous en avertirai. /7/ let you know. Avoir mal a la gorge. To have a sore throat. La bande magnetique. Tape (recording).
avertissementm. information,notification;warn- Avoir mauvaise mine. To look bad. banlieue /. suburbs.
ing. En avoir assez de. To have enough, be sick of bannir to banish.
aveu m. admission,avowal, confession. something. BANQUE/. bank.
Faire l'aveu de. To admit. To confess. En avoir pour: Vousen aurez pour longtemps. Des billets de banque. Bank notes.
aveugle m. and f. noun and adj. blind; blind 7f will take you a long time, you7/ have a banquet m. banquet.
person. long wait. banquette /. bench.
aviateur m. aviator. N'avoir qua. To have only to. banquier m. banker.
aviation /. aviation. Vousn'avez qua demander. Youneed only ask. baptiser to baptize.
avide adj. greedy, eager. avouer to confess. baraque /. booth, hut.
avion m. airplane. II a tout avoue. He confessed everything. barbare adj. barbarous, cruel.
Voyager en avion. To travel by plane. Avouez done tout! Come on, make a clean barbe /. beard.
Envoyer par avion. To send by air(mail). breast of it! Je dois me faire faire la barbe. 7 have to get
AVIS m. opinion; advice; notice. J'ai honte d'avouer que j'ai oubli£ votre a shave.
bam 13 billet

J'ai l.i luilx- dure / lunr n tough he,ml ilont i i\u take a bicycle ride

banc / hut J'aurai beau lui parler. il n eroute [HfBHHrT bidon m ran. tin
barrer IDl',ir There's iw use of my talking U>him. he BIKN a ill irrif i .riy mii«fi. <(rmfortohle
barrier*1f hiirnet. gBtl won't listen to anyone. fatal Very uell' R«t7 fW
has »i stinking. lov IT purl Jen entends de belles sur votre compte! I've I est bien tard It s very late
I <%Ins du pantalon retrousse Ihe '"f/^ Ofl heard some pretty stones nhntt you' SiCt btan (tl That i nght' Thats it'
r/ic (rotiMfi things I hear about ymii Bien entendu Of course
BAS ibasse f i fi</; /<*< till l-t bfOe affaire' Well, a fine thing' Bien sur' Of course' Surely'
Je lai athete a bas prix / bought it cheap /iy II fait beau The it enther u good. Bien des fois Many times Many a time Often
Mm londs sont bas. My fundi are low. I'm BEAUCOUP much, many. Eh bien. and 'le Maf? Well, uhati new'
running short of mOMf I* malade est beaucoup plus mal The patient ' >•.-.(
bien de votre part d'avoir fait ca It was
BANrx/i lou is much worse. <fry nice of you to do that ("It s very nice
Chercher quelque chose de haut en bas. To ( .",t bctUCOUp'lire 'that's saying a lot of you to have done that. ")
toot {search) high and fow /or jorwf/iing Je vous remercie beaucoup. Thanks very Bien qu'il fasse mauvais temps, je sortirai
A bas . . . I Dou'n Uith ' much. Thanks a l>t tout de meme Although the weather's
Je vous verrai la-bas. 77/ see you over there Beaucoup d entre nous Many of us. bad. III go out anyway.
bascule / weighing-machine, icoif Beaucoup d'argent A lot of money Bien de linspiration. Plenty of inspiration
base f r)Oip.basis. beau-fils m soninlaw (belle-fille/ daughter m lit bien pire That was much worse
baser to hose. law) Je crois bien! / should think so'
Sur quoi base-til son opinion' On what does beau-frere m brof/i^r-in-Tau (belle-soeur /. tufer- On est bien ici 7f'» nice here, one is com-
he base his opinion? in-Tau;). fortable here.
bas-reliefm. bas-relief. beau pere m father-in-law ibelle-mere /. mother (>u bien. Or (else).
bassin m. basin, pool. in-law). Tout est bien qui finit bien. All's well that
bataille / bdft/e beaute / beauty ends well
batailler to battle bebe m. baby Voudriez-vousbien? Would you please-1
BATEAUm. boat. bee m beak. Ml Vousferiez bien Youd be doing a good thing
BATIMENTm. bui/ding. begayer to stammer it would be a good idea.
Ou est le batiment de ladministration' Where beige ad] />%I bien m good, welfare, virtue, pi property
is the administration building'' bel adj. See beau. Le bien et le mal. Good and evil.
BATIR to build, erect. C'est un bel homme. He's a handsome man. Faire le bien. To do good.
Faire batir. To have (something) built. Tout cela est bel et bon, mais 77»af s all Homme de bien. Upright man
baton m. stick; spoke. very uell but . C'est pour votre bien. It's for your own good.
battement m. bearing. II est bel et bien mine He s completelyruined On dit beaucoup de bien de lui. He's very
BATTRE to beat. beige m. and f. noun and adj. Belgian highly spoken of.
Battre des oeufs. To beat (up) eggs. belle See beau lis ont des biens en France. They have some
lis ont battu des mains. They clapped their benefice m. profit property in France.
hands They applauded. beneficier to profit. C'est un marchand de biens. He's a real-estate
Le coeur lui bat. His heart is beating.His heart benir to bless. agent.
is in his mouth. berceau m. cradle bienfaisance/ charity.
II a battu le record de l'annee demiere. He berger m. shepherd bienfait m. kindness, good turn; blessing.
beat last year's record. bergere / shepherdess,easy chair BIENTOT soon.
lis ont battu en retraite. They beat a retreat. besogne/. work. Nous partons bientot a la campagne. We'll
II faut battre le fer pendant quit est chaud. II abat de la besogne. He gets through a great soonbe leavingfor the country. We'resoon
One must strike while the iron is hot. deal of work quickly. leavingfor the country.
SE BATTRE to fight. BESOIN m. need. A bientot. See you soon.
bavard(e) m. and f. a gossip. II a ce dont il a besoin. He has what he needs bienveillance/. kindness,benevolence.
bavard adj. talkative. Jen ai un besoin urgent. / need it badly. II la fait par bienveillance.He did it out of
bavardage m. gossip. Mes chaussettes ont besoin d'etre raccom- kindness.
bavarder to chatter, gossip. modees. My socks need darning. bienvenu (bienvenue /.) noun and adj. welcome.
beau m. beauty; dandy. II est dans le besoin. He's very poor. He's in Vous serez toujours le bienvenu ici. You're
Le beau de l'affaire. The cream of the jest. dire need. always welcomeithe welcomeone) here.
BEAU (bel before a vowelor "mute" h, belle /., J'interviendrai si besoin est. 77/ intervene if lis sont bienvenus partout. They're welcome
beaux m. pi, belles /. pi) adj. beautiful, need be (in case of need). everywhere.
pretty, nice. Au besoin. If need be. Soyez le bienvenu! Welcome!
Que c'est beau! It's really very nice! How En cas de besoin. 7n case of need. bienvenue /. welcome.
lovely! betail m. cattle. Le president dit quelques paroles de bien-
Elle a une belle ecriture. She has a nice hand- bete /. animal beast. venue.president
The said a few words of
writing. bete adj. stupid. welcome.
II y a de belles maisons dans notre rue. There betise /. stupidity. biere /. beer.
are some beautiful houses on our street. Quelle betise! What nonsense!How silly! How La biere blonde (brune). Light (dark) beer.
Les beaux-arts. The fine arts. stupid! biere /. co$in.
Le temps se met au beau. The weather is C'est une betise. It's silly (stupid). bijou m. (bijoux)pi.) jewel.
getting nice. The weather is clearing up. Ne perdez done pas votre temps a ces betises.
bijouterie /. jewelry.
Je l'ai rencontre un beau jour. / ran into him Don't waste your time on that nonsense bijoutier m. jeweler.
one fine day. I met him unexpectedly. (thosestupidities). bilan m. balance sheet.
II a beau faire. He's making a useless effort. beton m. cement, concrete. bille /. billiard ball; small ball; marble.
II a beau faire, il echouera. He's trying in vain BEURRE m. butter. Le stylo a bille. Ball-point pen.
(he's making a useless effort); he won't Donnez-moidu beurre, s'il vous plait. Please BILLET m. ticket (subway, train, theatre, etc.);
succeed (he'll fail). let me have some butter. bill.
Vous avez beau dire, je ne le crois pas. Say bibelot m. curio, knickknack,trinket. Quel est le prix des billets? How much are
what you will, I still don 't believe it. bibliotheque/. library; bookcase. (the) tickets?
lis ont beau dire et beau faire, ca m'est egal. bicyclette /. bicycle. Un billet d'aller. A one-way ticket.
They can say or do what they want to; 1 Se promener a bicyclette. Go bicycle riding Un billet d'aller et retour. A round-trip ticket.
biographie 14 bousculer

Voulez-vousme faire la monnaie de ce billet? BOEUF m. (boeufspi.) ox; beef. bonde adj. crowded, packed.
Can you change this bill for me? ("Will Vous mettez la charrue devant les boeufs. bondir to bound, leap.
you give me change for this Ml?') You're putting the cart before the horse. Bondird'indignation.Tobe filled with indigna-
Payez-vous sur ce billet et rendez-moi la ("You 're putting the plow before the oxen. ") tion.
monnaie. Takeit out of this hill and let me Du boeuf a la mode. Pot roast. BONHEUR m. happiness.
have the change. Donnez-moi un filet de boeuf. Give me a steak Par bonheur. Luckily.
Prendre un billet. To buy a ticket. tenderloin. Porter bonheur. To bring luck.
biographie/. biography. BOIRE ro drink. Au petit bonheur. In a happy-go-luckyway. In
biologie/. biobgy. Que voulez-vousboire? What would you like a carefree way.
bis Again! Encore! (to have) to drink? boniment m. smoothtalk, eye-wash.
biscuit m. biscuit. Versez-moi a boire. Pour me a drink. Faire le boniment. To give a sales talk.
Des biscuits sees. Crackers. On sert a boire et a manger. Food and drinks BONJOUR m. Good morning. Good afternoon.
bizarre adj. strange, odd. are served here. Good day. Hello.
C'est bizarre! It's strange (queer,funny)! Buvons a votre sante. Let's drink to your health. bonne /. maid.
blague /. tobaccopouch; joke, hoax. bois m. wood; woods. bonnet m. cap.
Blague a tabac. Tobaccopouch. Boisde chauffage.Firewood. BONSOIRm. Good evening. Good night.
Quelle blague! What a joke! Allonsfaire un tour dans le bois. Let's gofor a BONTE /. goodness,kindness.
Sans blague! No kidding!No fooling! walk in the woods. Ayez la bonte de me faire savoir. Please let me
Blague a part. All jokingaside. boisson/. drink. know. ("Have the goodness to . . .')
blaguer to joke. C'est une boissonrafraichissante.It's a refresh- bord m. edge, border; shore.
blame m. blame. ing drink. Le bord dun verre. The rim of a glass.
Rejeter le blame sur quelqu'un. To throw the Un debit de boissons.A liquor store. II est tombepar-dessusbord.Hefell overboard.
blame on someone. boite /. box. Aller au bord de la mer. To go to the seashore.
blamer to blame. Je lui ai envoye une bofte de chocolats. / sent A bord. On board (ship).
blanc m. blank; linen. him a box of chocolates. Aux bords du Rhone. On the banks of the
Laissezquelques lignesen blanc. Leave a few Des boites de conserves. (Tin) cans. Rhone.
blank lines. Boite a chapeau. Hatbox. Le dessin du bord. Borderdesign.
De but en blanc. Abruptly. Point-blank. Boite d'accus. /. Storage battery. borne /. limit, boundary.
Vous trouverez cela au rayon de blanc. You '11 N'oubliez pas de mettre la lettre dans la Cela depassetoutes les bornes!That's the limit!
find that in the linen department. boite (aux lettres). Don 't forget to put the bosse/. bump.
Regarderquelqu'un dans le blanc des yeux. To letter in the mailbox. bossu noun (m.) and adj. (bossue/.) hunchback.
looksomeonestraight in the eye. Boite de nuit. Nightclub. botte /. boot.
BLANC(blanche/.) adj. white. boiter to limp, be lame. Bottin m. French telephonedirectory.
Vous nous servirez une bouteille de vin blanc? bol m. bowl, basin. BOUCHE /. mouth; entrance.
Will you give ("serve") us a bottle of white bombarder to bomb, shell. II est reste bouche bee. He stood gaping ("with
wine? bombe /. bomb. his mouth wide open").
Vous avez carte blanche. You have a free Faire la bombe. Togo on a spree. Topaint the Oil est la bouche de metro la plus proche?
hand. You have carte blanche. town red. Where is the nearest subway entrance?
Elle a passe une nuit blanche. She spent a bon m. bond; premium; order, voucher. bouchee /. mouthful.
sleeplessnight. Bon de poste. Money order. boucher m. (bouchere/.) butcher.
Le film en noir et blanc. The black-and-white Bon du Tresor. Treasury bond. boucher to stop, cork; block up.
film. Bon de caisse. Cash voucher. boucherie /. butcher shop.
blanchir to whiten. Bon de livraison. Delivery order. bouchon m. cork.
blanchissagem. laundering, washing. Apres cent francs d'achat, vous recevrez un boucle /. buckle; curl.
Envoyeztout ca au blanchissage.Sendall that bon. // you buy a hundred francs worth of Boucles d'oreilles. Earrings.
to the laundry. merchandise you get a premium. bouder to sulk.
blanchisserie/. hand laundry. BON (bonne /.) adj. good. boue /. mud, dirt.
La blanchisserie est au coin de la rue. The Est-ce bon a manger? Is this good to eat? bouger to move, stir.
laundry is on the corner ("of the street"). Ca sent bon. It smellsnice. It has a nice smell. Ne bougez pas! Don't move!Don't budge!
blanchisseuse /. laundress. C'est bon. 1. That's good (fine). 2. Enough bougie /. candle; spark plug.
ble m. wheat. said! That will do! bouillir to boil.
blesse noun (m.) and adj. wounded. 11 n'est bon a rien. He's good-for-nothing. Faites bouillir l'eau. Boil the water.
blesser to wound, hurt. II a une bonne nature. He's good-natured. L'eau a-t-elle bouilli? Has the water boiled?
se blesser to hurt oneself. A quoi bon? What's the use? What for? What's Commencer a bouillir. To come to a boil.
blessure /. wound. the good of it? bouillon m. bubble; bouillon.
BLEU noun (m.) and adj. blue. C'est un bon garcon. He's a decent (nice) Un bouillon de legumes. Vegetablebroth.
Bleu marine. Navy blue. fellow. boulangerie/. bakery.
Des yeux bleus. Blue eyes. Bonne annee! Happy New Year! boule /. ball.
La robe bleue. The blue dress. Bon voyage! Bon voyage! Pleasant journey! boulevard m. boulevard.
bloc m. block. Ca ne me dit rien de bon. / don't think any- bouleverser to overthrow,upset.
En bloc. In bulk. thing will
goodcome of it. It looks rather II a ete bouleverse par les evenements. The
blond (blonde/.) noun and adj. blond; light (beer). bad. events upset him.
bloquer to block; tighten. II fait bon ici. It's nice (comfortable)here. bouquet m. cluster, bunch; bouquet.
se blottir to squat; nestle; snuggle down. De bonne heure. Early. £a c'est le bouquet (fam.)\ That tops every-
Elle se blottit dans le fauteuil. She snuggled Voici quelque chose de bon marche. Here's thing! the
That's
limit!
down in the armchair. something cheap. bouquiniste m. secondhand bookseller.
blouse /. blouse; smock. Bonne chance! Good luck! bourdonnement m. humming, buzzing; dial tone
bobard m. lie, fib. Bon nombre de. A number of, a good many. (telephone).
Ne me racontez pas de bobards (fam.)\ Tell it Bon sejour! (Have a) pleasant stay! bourgeois noun and adj. middle-class,bourgeois.
to the Marines! Tell it to your grand- Le bon chemin (sens). The right way, road Cuisine bourgeoise.Goodplain cooking.
mother!
expect
Youme to believe that! (direction). bourgeoisie/. middleclass.
bobine /. spool, reel. bonbon m. candy. bourse/. purse; stockexchange.
bocal m. (bocauxpi) glass jar. bond m. bound, leap. bousculer to upset; hustle.
boul 15

HOI 1 IN end. extremity DOCUMHUfl COUP'I'' PMM a mon panlrssus buvard m blotting JMM' I
Dun boul 4 I'tntn Row beginning hi md Knish my | nut
/ | 'in DM I id IP M OtV ' bfMM <<•bruin
( The third letter of the alphabet
II est .i DOUl(fa pottMM Ml I "' ''" ""' "' hrouillardm fog
'in ;>nfi<n, . //i\ yatieiu e i* exhausted II fait OU lirnuillard Its fapjCM 'hilt
\u boul oThm bjun Uktr <»i hour, /n on brouille / ifuarrel t Ctl That s if Ihal \ nght'
/i(>ur ("Al 'h<-<•"<'"/ nn hour.") \t brouiller to quarrel % M< 'est qur <»' Whtt't that'
Joindrr lev doui boutl /<>make eniLs meet hrouillon "i riitgh draft • mJOUfl <i That's \o muih to "
\li bOUl 'in K'mplr \fter all In the mil BRl'IT m nm.se. rumor At least u e hm % that'
s.imiii Mir It boul du dotal lb mm "' mm i \jc limit ma empeche de dnnnir The nm.se Ca ne fait rien 77wf doesn't matter That s un

fingertips krjit mr from sleeping important

v tout boul da dump rVufUMMfyHqieateiiiy En villc H l>nnt court Qjtt'di vont partir Ihrre s Comment vont les aff.i nrne ci,
bouteillc / bottle a rumor in the city that they're going tn CQOMMcj Hem are things' Hou s Imsi
boutique / store, vHoB lm i ness?) —So, so.
bouton m button, knob Beaucoup de bruit pour rien Mm h ado about that thing, fiu t
Youlr/vous me recoudre ot bouton-1 Will you nothing Ca et la Here and there
please sett this button on (for me)? BRt'LER to >>tirn C» ne presse pas There s no hurry
Ce bouton vient de sauter 77m button ha* se bruler to burn. Ca va It s all right, 0 K . that s enough
just nmu1 off. Vow V|>nsbrftkrei Irs doigts You'll burn Ca y est' That s u'
Veston a deux boutons IWwbuWOW\aekrt your fingers ,* That's it. that s right
Oil sont mes boutons de manchettes^ Where BRIN noun m and ad\ bfUBt/ broun.dark cabine / niinn, Ixmth
are my cuff links' Une cabine de premiere classy hirst rlass
Tournez le bouton, s.v.p. (s'il vous plait). Please brusque ad\ sudden, abrupt cabin on a ship
turn the knob. brusquement bluntly, suddenly Ou se trouvent les cabines telephoniques'
boutonner to button. Brusquement, lis lapercurent. Suddenly, they Where are the telephone booths'
boutonniere f. buttonhole. saw him cabinet m closet, small room; cabinet
bracelet m. bracelet. brut ad\ raw. gross. Ce cabinet sert de debarras. 77i« closet is used
branche f. branch. Vlatiere brute Rati material for storage This is a storage closet
branler to shake. Dix pour cent brut Ten percent gross. II est dans son cabinet de travail. He s in his
BRAS m. arm. brutal (brutaux pi i adj brutal, rough, rude study
Accueillir a bras ouverts. To receive with open brute / rough person, brute. II a un cabinet d'avocat. He's an attorney
arms. Quelle brute' What a beast' Le docteur est dans son cabinet The doctor is
lis marchaient bras dessus, bras dessous. They bu drunk p.p. o/boire1 in hit ojffice
walked arm-in-arm. buche f. log. Les cabinets sont au fond du couloir. The
Avoir quelque chose sur les bras. To have budget m budget. washrooms are at the end of the hall
somethingon one's hands. buffet m. sideboard, refreshment room Le nouveau cabinet a ete forme. 77i€ new
brave adj. ( followingnoun) brave, (before noun) Vous pouvez avoir quelque chose a manger au cabinet has just been formed.
honest, good. buffet de la gare You can get something to cable m. cable.
C'est un homme brave. He's a brave man. eat in the station restaurant "in the re- cabler to cable.
C'est un brave garcon. He's a good fellow. freshment
of the
room
station"). cacher to hide
bravo m. bravo, applause. buisson m. bush. se cacher to hide oneself.
breche /. breach, gap. bulle / bubble. cachet m seal, stamp, pill, style
BREF (breve/.) adj. brief, short. bulletin m. bulletin. Cachet d'obliteration. Postmark.
II a la parole breve. He always gives curt Suivant le bulletin meteoroiogique,il pleuvra Avez-vous un cachet d'aspirine? Do you have
answers. demain.Accordingto the weather report,it an aspirin?
Repondre dun ton bref. To give a curt will rain tomorrow. Cela a beaucoupde cachet That'squite stylish.
answer. C'est le bulletin mensuelde notre association cachette / hiding place.
En bref. In brief. In short. It's the monthlybulletin of our association. En cachette. Secretly.
II a du partir avec bref delai. He had to leave Le bulletin de vote. Ballot. cadavre m. corpse, cadaver.
on short notice. BUREAUm. office;desk. cadeau m. cadeaux pi' present, gift.
brevet m. patent; certificate. A partir de demain, le bureau ferme a cinq cadet cadette/. | noun and adj. younger,youngest,
bridge m. bridge (cards). heures. Beginning tomorrow, the office will junior.
Jouer au bridge. Toplay bridge. close at five. II est le cadet. He's the youngest.
brillant adj. brilliant, shiny. Pouvez-vous me dire ou se trouve le bureau Ma fille cadette. My youngest daughter.
briller to shine, glitter. des renseignements? Can you tell me C'est le cadet de mes soucis. TTiaf's the least of
Tout ce qui brille nest pas or. All that glitters where the information bureau is? my worries.
is not gold. Envoyez ceci a 1'adressede mon bureau. Send cadre m. frame.
brin m. blade of grass; a little bit. this to my business address. Cadre (pour tableaux).(Picture)frame.
Un brin d'herbe. A blade of grass. Le bureau de poste se trouve a cdte de la cafard m. cockroach;the blues (slang).
Faire un brin de causette. Tohave a little chat. gare. 77ie post office is next to t)ie railroad CAFE m. cOj^ee,cafe.
brique /. brick. station. Un cafe nature. Black coffee.
brise /. breeze. Le bureau de tabac est au coin de la rue. The Donnez-moi un cafe au lait. Give me a coffee
briser to break (something). tobacco store is on the comer ("of the au lait (coffeewith milk).
se briser to break into pieces,be brokeninto pieces. street"). Allons au cafe. Let's go to the cafe.
broche /. brooch. Ramassez tous ces papiers qui trainent sur Garcon de cafe. Waiter.
brochure /. pamphlet, brochure. votre bureau. Gather up the papers which cafetiere /. coffeepot.
broder to embroider. are scattered on your desk. cage /. cage.
bronze m. bronze. buste m. bust. cahier m. notebook.
brosse/. brush. but m. goal, purpose. caillou m. (caillouxpi.) pebble.
La brosse du peintre. Paintbrush. Je ne puis deviner son but. 7 can't guess caisse /. box; crate; cash register; cash-window,
La brosse a chaussures. Shoebrush. (make out) his purpose (aim). teller (in a bank), pay-office.
La brosse a cheveux. Hairbrush. II alia droit au but. He went straight to the J'ai mis mon argent a la caissed'epargne. 7put
La brosse a habits. Cbthesbrush. point. my money in the savings bank.
 16 cela

La caisse ferme a trois heures. The pay-officecapitate /. capital (of a country). En ce cas-la. In that case.
{cash-window}closes at three p.m. capitulation / eapirufoiton. cascade / cascade, waterfall
caissier (caissiere /.) cashier; teller (hank). capituler to capitulate, surrender. caserne / barracks.
cajoler to cajole. caprice m. caprice, whim. easier m. registry, records, rack, compartment.
calamite /. calamity. Avoir des caprices. To be fickle. casse adj. broken.
calcul m. calculation, arithmetic. capricieux (capricieuse/. ) adj. capricious. CASSER to break; annul; dismiss
calculer to calculate. captif (captive /.) noun and adj. captive. Ca ne casse rien. It's nothing special
calendrier m. calendar. capturer to capture, seize. se casser to break.
calin noun (m.) and adj. (caline /.) caressing, CAR for, because, as. II s'est casse le bras. He broke his arm.
winning. CARACTERE m. character. casserole/. pan.
caliner to cajole. caracteristique adj. characteristic. cassette /. casket, case.
caimant noun (m.) and adj. (calmante /.) sedative;carafe /. jug. catalogue m cototogue
calming, soothing. caramel m. caramel. catastrophe /. catastrophe,accident
CALME noun (m.) and adj. calm, quiet, mild. cardinal m. (cardinaux pi) cardinal. categorie/ category.
Du calme! Be quiet! cardinal (cardinaux pi) adj. chief, cardinal. categorique adj. categorical,clear, explicit
calmer to calm, relieve. Points cardinaux. Cardinal points. Un refus categorique. A flat refusal.
se calmer to become calm, quiet down. caresse /. caress, endearment. cathedrale / cathedral.
Calmez-vous.Calm down. Composeyourself. caresser to caress; cherish. catholique noun and adj. Catholic, catholic.
La temp£te s'est calmee. Thestormhas blown carie adj. decayed. cauchemar m. nightmare.
over. camet m. small notebook;bookof tickets;customs CAUSE/. cause, motive; lawsuit, case.
calomnie/. calumny, slander. permit (for car). II n'y a point d'effet sans cause. There is no
calomnier to slander. Camet d'adresses. Address book. effect without a cause.
camarade m. friend, pal. Camet de cheques. Checkbook. La partie a et£ reportee a cause de la pluie
C'est un bon camarade. He's a good friend. Camet de secondes. Book of secondclass The game was postponed on account of rain.
He's a pal. tickets (subway). Et pour cause! For a very good reason! With
Un camarade d'ecole. A schoolmate. carotte /. carrot. good reason!
cambrioleur m. burglar, thief. carpe / carp. Mettre en cause la probite de quelqu'un. To
camelote/ trash, junk. II est muet comme une carpe. He doesn't open question someone'shonesty.
camera /. moviecamera. his mouth. ("He's as mute as a carp.') Questionshors de cause. Irrelevantquestions.
camion m. truck. cani m. square. J'ai obtenu gain de cause. / won my case.
carri adj. square. Connaissez-vous tous les faits de la cause? Do
camp m. camp.
CAMPAGNE/. country; field; campaign. carreau m. square; paving tile; windowpane; you know the facts of the case?
Nous habitons la campagne a present. We live diamond(cards). CAUSER to cause.
in the country now. carrefour m. crossroads. CAUSER to talk, converse.
Mener une campagne contre quelqu'un. To carr&nent squarely,flatly. On en cause. Peopleare talking about it.
conduct a campaign against someone. carriere /. career; track, ground. causerie /. talk, informal lecture.
camper to camp. Soldatde carriere.Professional(regular)soldier. caution /. bail, security.
canadien (canadienne/.) noun and adj. Canadian. Donner libre carriere a son imagination. To cave /. cellar, cave.
canal m. (canauxpi.) canal. give free rein to one s fancy. cavite /. cavity.
canape m. sofa; canape. carrosse m. coach, carriage. CE (cet before vowels and "mute" h; cette /.
canard m. duck; hoax. carrousel m. merry-go-round. ces pi) adj. this, that, these, those.
II fait un froid de canard. It's bitter cold. carrure /. breadth. J'ai ete en retard ce matin. / was late this
canari m. canary. II a une belle carrure. He's well %built. morning.
cancer m. cancer. CARTE /. card; menu, map. Prenez ce verre-ci. Take this glass.
candeur /. candor. C'est une bonne carte dans son jeu. That's one C'est ce livre-la. It's that book.
candidat m. candidate, examinee. of his strongest cards. Cette situation est g^nante. 77iis stfuarton is
candidature / candidacy. Donnez-moi la carte. May I have the menu, embarrassing.
candide adj. candid. please. Un de ces jours. One of these days.
caniche m. poodle. Une carte postale.A postcard. CE (c' before vowels)pron. he, she, it, this, that.
canif m. penknife. Des cartes de visite. Visiting cards. Ce nest pas vrai. It's (that's) not true.
canne /. stick, cane. Je me suis fait tirer les cartes hier soir. Lasf Est-ce assez5Is that enough?
canon m. gun, cannon, barrel. night I had my fortune told. C'est bien. Good.
canot m. canoe, boat, rowboat. On lui a donne carte blanche. He was given C'est moi. It's I (me).
caoutchouc m. rubber; rubber band. carte blanche. They gave him a free hand. A ce qu'il me semble. As if seems to me.
Une balle en caoutchouc. A rubber ball. Jouer aux cartes. To play cards. Void ce dont il s'agit. Here's the point.
Mettez vos caoutchoucs. Pur on your rubbers. La carte d'invitation. (Printed) invitation. Ce qu'il a grandi! How he's grown!
cap m. cape (geog.). La carte routiere. Road map. Sur ce, il sen alia. Thereuponhe left.
CAPABLE adj. capable, able, qualified. carton m. cardboard. II tient a ce que vous veniez. He insists on
Pensez-vous qu'il soit capable de faire le cartouche /. cartridge. your coming.
travail? Do you think he's able to do the CAS m. case, event, occasion. Pour ce qui est de cela. For that matter.
,ob3 Malheureusementce nest pas toujours le cas. Qu'est-ce que c'est5 What is it?
II en est bien capable! He's very capable of Unfortunately that isn't always the case. CECI this.
{doing)it! I wouldn't be surprised if he did Le cas echeant. // that should be the case. Que veut dire ceci? What does this mean?
it! C'est le cas ou jamais de le faire. It must be Ecoutez bien ceci. Listen to this.
capacite /. capacity. done now or never. ceder to yield, give in.
cape /. cape {cloak). C'est bien le cas de le dire. One may indeed ceindre to gird; encircle.
capitaine m. captain. say so. ceinture / belt.
capital m. (capitaux pi) capital. En tout cas. At all events. In any case. CELA that.
CAPITAL (capitaux pi) adj. main, chief, prin- En aucun cas. On no account. Cela n'a pasd'importance.Thatdoesnt matter.
cipal, essential. On fait grand cas de lui. He's highlythoughtof. That's not important.
Ce que je vous dis la est capital! What I'm Je fais peu de cas de son opinion. / don't C'est pour cela que je viens. That's why lie
telling you note is essential (important). value his opinion very much. come.
Peine capitale. Capital punishment. En cas d'urgence. In case of (an) emergency. C'est bien cela. That's right. That's it.
M-ll-l'ir 17 i hangi

( ri.i in-\>iihregard*pn lAOf'tnobimhmbi"' mm oj fkUtnftmaHon I osmtkimtim Chambre sur la COM Hnom fating ttir h<u i
information<>•
be 11Uttn nev
celebrr tul\ farnOHt I est un homme d un certain age He's middle Chambre a louer Room to let
rrltbrrr fc irlrhnilr, />n;iw. fel DMIfi</ religion aged Chambre d'ami Span bed FO0JH'.uestroom
On . t-lilir .%tons lev i-ultrs .A// religions or/ Un certain uomhre de personnes A (Prtnw Chambre d'enfants Sunery
WW lii id number of persons Muekjoe de I hambre. Chamber music
celihataire m Inu htfal ( est un hkIk -c < rrtam It is a sure \ndicat\on I -t < hambre des Deputes 77ie Chamber of
cellule / I ffl ( i- qu ii | ,i tic ( ertaJ* i Ml obm One Drputirs
CELUI (celle /"., ceux m. p/., celles / pi ''i"' BM thing N certain, namely . . What I chameau m (chameaux pi) camel.
mom taw is that . . . chamois m chamois
Voila telui que je prefere. Theres the one I certainement certainly Peau de chamois Chamois (cloth).
prtfm Viendrez-vous?—Mais certainement. Will you ( HWfP m field.
( elk (i me parait meilleure. 77m one seems i pme?—Certainly II vient d'acheter un champ adjacent au mien
better to me. certains rertain people. He just bought a field next to mine
Ceux-ci sont phis chers. TTiese are more ( mains le disent Some say so. Certain people Champ de ble. Field of wheat.
expensive. say M Le champ est libre, allez-y! 77iecoast is clear
Prefereriez-vous celui-ci? Would you prefer certificat m certificate Go ahead'
this one? certifier ID certify, attest Nous v sommes alles sur-le-champ. We went
( Vlui-c 1 est meilleur que celui-la. 77m one is certitude / certainty there at once (right away)
bettor than that OHM Jen ai la certitude I'm sure of it. A tout bout de champ. Repeatedly.
Je n'aime ni celui-ti ni celui-la. / don't Hkf cerveau m. (cerveauxpi) brain. Champ de courses. Race track.
either one. ("I don't like this one or that J'ai un rhume de cerveau. / have a cold in my Champ de bataille Battlefield
one. ") head. champagne m champagne.
cendre f ash, ashes cervelle /. brain champetre adj rural, rustic.
cendrier m. ashtray. II se creuse la cervelle. He s racking his brains champignon m. mushroom.
cense adj. supposed, reputed. cesse f. ceasing, respite. champion m. (championne/ i champion.
Je ne suis pas cense, le savoir. I'm not sup- Sans cesse. Ceaselessly. Continually Con- championnat m championship.
posed
knowto it. stantly ( HANCE/ luck.
Nul nest cense ignorer la loi. Ignorance of II le repete sans cesse. He keeps repeating it. Je n'ai pas de chance. / don't have any luck.
the law is no excuse. ("So one is supposed CESSER to cea?e, stop Si vous reussissez vous aurez de la chance
to be ignorant of the law. ") La pluie a cesse. The rain [has) stopped. It s If you succeed you'11be lucky.
censure /. censorship. stopped raining. II a toutes les chances pour lui. 77ieodds are
CENT noun (m.) and adj. hundred. Ce chien ne cesse d'aboyer 77m dog doesnt in his favor.
II a cent fois raison. He's absolutely right. stop barking. This dog keeps on barking. La chance a tourne. 77ie tables are turned.
Cinq cents francs. Five hundred francs. Cessez de crier. Stopshouting. Je vais courir la chance. I'll take the chance.
centaine f. about a hundred. Cessez le feu' Cease fire! Elle a des chances d'arriver. She has good
centieme noun and adj. hundredth. C'EST-A-DIRE that is to say. chances of succeeding.
centime m. centime. CET See ce. Voyezce que e'est que la chance! 77>a('jwhat
centimetre m. centimeter (0.394 inch). CEUX See celui. you call luck!
central (centraux pi.) adj. central. CHACUN adj. and pron. each, each one. Bonne chance! Good luck!
centrale /. stofton. Chacun de nous pensait de meme. Each one Pas de chance! No luck! Rotten luck!
Cent rale elect rique. Powerhouse. of us thought the same. Quelle chance! What luck! What a stroke of
CENTRE m. center. Cinq francs chacun. Five francs each. Five luck!
Le centre de la France. The center of France. francs apiece. chancelant adj. staggering, unsteady.
Centre de villegiature. Holiday resort. Chacun pour soi. Everyonefor himself. Sante chancelante. Delicate health.
Lyon est un centre industriel et commercial. Chacun (a) son gout. Everyone to his taste chanceler to stagger, be unsteady.
Lyons is an industrial and commercial Chacun (a) son tour. Everyone in his turn. Chanceler dans sa resolution. To waver in
center. chagrin m. grief, sorrow. one's resolution.
Au centre. In the center. Avoir du chagrin. To be sad. chanceux (chanceuse /. ) adj. lucky.
CEPENDANT nevertheless, however. chagriner to grieve, cause grief. C'est un hazard chanceux. It's a stroke of
Cependant j'aurais bien voulu y aller. Never- se chagriner to grieve, worry about. luck.
theless
shouldI like to have gone there. chahut m. row, racket. chandelle f. candle.
i 'Nevertheless I would have wished to go chahuter to make a lot of noise. Voir trente-sixchandelles. To see stars.
there. ") chaine /. chain; channel (television). Je vous dois une here chandelle (jam.). I
CERCLE m. circle; club. CHAIR /. flesh. ought to be very grateful to you.
Cercle vicieux. Vicious circle. chaire /. chair (in a university);pulpit. CHANGE m. change, exchange.
Cercle litteraire. Literary circle. Literary club. CHAISE /. chair. Vous aurez des francs contre vos dollars au
Aller au cercle. To go to the club. Chaise-longue.Chaise-longue.Loungingchair. bureau de change. You can get your dol-
cercueil m. cojfTin chaland m. barge. lars changed
into francs at an exchange
ceremonie /. ceremony. chalet m. country cottage. office.
Ne faites done pas de ceremonies. Don't CHALEUR/. heat. Agent de change. Stockbroker.
make such a fuss. Don 't stand so much on Par une chaleur ecrasante. 7n stifling heat. Quel est le cours du change aujourd'hui?
ceremony. chaleureux (chaleureuse/.) adj. warm; ardent. What is the rate of exchangetoday?
ceremonieux (ceremonieuse /.) adj. ceremonious, Un accueil chaleureux. A hearty welcome. Gagner au change. To gain on the exchange.
formal. se ehamailler to quarrel, bicker. Le guichet de change. (Money) exchange
cerf m. deer. chambarder to upset, disturb. window.
cerise /. cherry. CHAMBRE/. room, bedroom. changeant adj. changing,variable.
cerner to encircle,close in upon. La chambre des machines. The engine room. D'humeur changeante. Fitful.
Avoir les yeux cernes. To have rings under Cette chambre a besoin d'etre aeree. 77iw CHANGEMENTm. change.
one's eyes. room needs airing. Changementde proprietaire. Undernew man-
CERTAIN adj. certain, sure. Faites la chambre, s'il vous plait. Will you agement. of
("Change
ownership.')
De cela, j'en suis certain. I'm certain of that. please clean the room? ' II vous faudrait un changement d'air. You
Je tiens ces renseignements pour certains. 7'm Chambre sur la rue. Roomfacing the front. need a change.
 18
changer cheque

La situation est sans changement. The situa- made another attempt. "Tenir au chaud." "Keep in a warm place."
tion remains
unchanged. Femme de charge. Housekeeper. CHAUD adj. warm, hot.
Changement de vitesse. Gearshift. Entrer en charge. To take up one's duties. Faites attention, c'est chaud. Be careful, it's
CHANGER to change. Les temoins a charge. The witnessesfor the hot.
Ca change tout. That alters matters. That prosecution. Eau chaude. Hot water.
changes everything. La prise en charge. Takingover (a rented car). Une boisson chaude. A warm drink.
Changez les draps. Change the sheets. charge m. a person entrusted with certain duties J'ai chaud. I'm warm.
11a change de nom. He changed his name. [functions,etc.). Cela ne me fait ni froid ni chaud. It's all the
Le temps va changer. The weather'schanging. Le charge d'affaires. The charge d'affaires. same to me. It makes no difference to me.
Changeons de conversation.Let's change the chargement m. lading, loading. Pleurer a chaudes larmes. To weep bitterly.
subject. CHARGER to load, increase;entrust; charge. II fait chaud. The weather is warm, hot.
Pour changer. For a change. Charger une voiture de malles.Toload a truck chaudiere /. boiler.
On change de train pour . . . Change here with trunks. chauffage m heating.
for . . . Cela charge mon budget. That increases my Chauffagecentral. Central heating.
Faire changer l'huile. Tohave the oil changed. expenses. chauffer to warm, heat.
se changer to change, to change one's clothes. On ma charge de cette mission. / have been se chauffer to warm oneself,get warm.
Nous devons nous changer pour le diner. We entrusted with this mission. chauffeur m. chauffeur.
have to change for dinner. ]e vous charge de me remplacer. I'd like you chaussee/. highway; embankment.
CHANSON/. song. to take my place. I choose you as my Rez-de-chaussee.Ground floor.
C'est toujours la meme chanson. It's always substitute. chausser to put on shoes.
the same old story. II est charge de mes interets. He's taking care Du combien chaussez-vous? Whaf size shoe
chant m. song, singing. of my interests. I've entrusted my interests do you wear?
chantage m. blackmail. to him. chaussette / sock.
CHANTER to sing. se charger to undertake, to take upon oneself. CHAUSSURE /. shoe.
Qu'est-ce que vous me chantez (Jam.)? What Je m'en charge. / take it upon myself (to do Une paire de chaussures.A pair of shoes.
sort of a story are you telling me? it). I'll undertake it (to do it), ill take charge Un magasinde chaussures.A shoe store.
Je le ferai si ca me chante (fam.). I'll do it if of it. ill make it my business (to do it). Quelle est la pointure de vos chaussures5
it suits me. chariot m. wagon. What size shoe do you wear?
chanteur m. (chanteuse /.) singer. charitable adj. charitable, kind. Nettoyez mes chaussures, s'il vous plait. Will
chantier m. yard. charite /. charity, alms. you please shine my shoes?
Chantier de construction. Shipyard. charmant adj. charming. chauve adj. bald.
Chantier de bois. Lumberyard. charme m. charm. chaux /. lime.
Mettre un bateau en chantier. To lay the keel charmer to charm, delight. chavirer to capsize, turn upside down.
of a ship. charniere /. hinge. CHEF m. chief, leader, head.
Mettre un batiment en chantier. To put up chamu adj. fleshy, plump. Le chef de bureau. The chief clerk.
the framework of a building. charrette /. cart. Ingenieur en chef. Chief engineer.
Avoir un ouvrage sur le chantier. To have a charrier to cart, transport. Le chef d'orchestre. The orchestra leader. The
piece of work in hand. To have some work charrue f. plough, plow. conductor.
in progress. charte /. charter. Chef de gare. Stotionmasfer.
chantonner to hum. chasse /. hunting, pursuit. C'est un chef-d'oeuvre. It's a masterpiece.
chantre m. cantor. chasser to chase; hunt; discharge. Chef d'equipe. Captain of a team.
chanvre m. hemp. chasseur m. hunter; bellboy. II l'a fait de son propre chef. He did it on his
chaos m. chaos, confusion. chassis m. frame. own authority.
CHAPEAU m. (chapeaux pi) hat. CHAT m. (chatte/.) cat. CHEMIN m. way, road.
Oter (enlever)son chapeau. To take one's hat lis s'accordent comme chien et chat. They Ce chemin va a la ville. That road leads to
off. fight like cats and dogs. the town.
chapelet m. rosary. II n'v avait pas un chat. There wasn't a living Comment avez-vous trouve votre chemin par
chapelle /. chapel. creature there. la ville? How did you find your way about
chaperon m. hood; chaperon. Je donne ma langue au chat. / give up. I can't the town (around town)?
CHAPITRE m. chapter. guess. II a fait son chemin. He's succeeded in life.
CHAQUE adj. each, every. J'ai d'autres chats a fouetter. / have otherfish He's made his way in the world.
La situation empire chaque jour. Thesituation to fry. II est toujours dans mon chemin. He's always
is getting (growing)worse every day. Les enfantsjouent a chat perche. Thechildren in my way.
Chaque chose en son temps. There's a time are playing tag. L'affaire est en bon chemin. The matter is
for everything. ("Everything in its time.') Ne reveillez pas le chat qui dort. Let sleeping progressing nicely.
Chaque chose a sa place. Everything has its dogs lie. En chemin de fer. By train.
place. La nuit tous les chats sont gris. All cats are Billet de chemin de fer. Railroad ticket.
char m. chariot, wagon. gray in the dark. Le bon chemin. The right way.
Char d'assaut. Tank. chataigne /. chestnut. Envoyer par chemin de fer. To send by rail-
charade f. charade. chatain adj. brown (of hair). way.
charbon m. charcoal. Elle a les cheveux chatains. She has brown Voyager en chemin de fer. To travel by train.
Etre sur des charbons ardents. To be on pins hair. Perdre son chemin. To lose one's way, get
and needles. chateau m. (chateaux pi.) castle, manor. lost.
charcuterie /. delicatessen. chatier to punish. Rebrousser(refaire le) chemin. Toretraceone's
chardon m. thistle. Qui aime bien chatie bien. Spare the rod and steps, tum back, start over again.
CHARGE /. charge; burden; position; extras spoil the child. cheminee /. chimney,fireplace.
(rent). chatiment m. punishment. cheminer to tramp, walk.
II est a ma charge. I'm supporting him. chatouiller to tickle. CHEMISE /. shirt; folder (for papers).
Les devoirs de ma charge. The duties of my chatouilleux (chatouilleuse /.) adj. ticklish. Chemise de nuit. NTjghfgou;n.
position. CHAUD m. heat. chemisier m. woman's (tailored)blouse.
Le lover est de dix mille francsplus les charges. II ne craint ni le chaud ni le froid. He's afraid chene m. oak.
The rent is 10,000francs plus extras. of nothing. ("He fears neither heat nor chenille /. caterpillar.
II est revenu a la charge. He tried again. He cold.") CHEQUE m. check.
 Iiei 19 fin utt

UlV V.MIVeilllowe le . t|.'. |ll. /W l/< ', i Inlr BOU fleurs ( uu/i"
ih, >„ , k i,>ii«-| trmps dr CUM !'•'» ' Whit trmhh Moti petit | t
I m oublM iiiiiii <Au\r\ lie ( biquai a li natoon au Jul u inthrr' chretien"! i hretienne / ( hnstian
/ /e/r rniy i /i,i H00i uf MM I chiffon m rag. scrap of paper chroniijiie ! htOHidk
my iftfikluH'k ul hinne") DoOMl don UD OUDdc <hiffon a mes <haw. ( hroriiqiie mnsnale Musu al MM \rsis
Toucher uii cheque /•%I nA a | Ml A sures Please shine my % alxmt the world of musu
Le cheque de voyage Traveler's che< k Le chiffon pom les meul'les Ihisti loth chuchoter to u MJM '
( IIFK | liere / Hi// dear. brli>i,;i, i i|n mm chiffnnner l/i I rumple up rufjU rhut' shh'
MOO) l Ml , . (My) Dear in a letter* ( (III IRK "I figure, numlur chute / fall, dou nfall
( Ml mon voeu le plus cher Its my motf Da ihiffres rotnains Roman numerals CI here.
i htttihtd •!>>!'% Des i hiffros aralws Arahti nunurnls Par ci. par la Here and then
La vie est-elle chere la? Are tiling expenses Voillei votis verifier If ta< tltude de< MchiBTM? < i git //in h.
high f/u m Will you please <hr<k thru figures' Comme dit ci-apres As is said further on
II me le payera cher' He'll pay dearly for that' L hiffres ne cone orient pas [he figures
CHERCHER ID seek, search, try to. M ami get di.nl as.rn tally n| "nu tmimi Enclosed here
Je lai cherche de tous cotes / looked for htm chimere f ihtmern. idle (ant y u rlh you u ill find

everyu Mfl Se forger des c hnneres In hair entertain) Voir (i desvnis See heli>u
Allez chercher un taxi, sil vous plait. Please IBmmm Voif carte ci-contre See map on opposite page
(go and) get a cab. chimie / chemistry Ce livre ci This book
II cherche a entrer. He s trying ti>get in. Chine f China RC bgOfed At this iery hour
cheri (cherie /.) noun and adj helmed, darling chinois noun and adj Chinese Voir 11 dessus Si
cherir to cherish. chirurgie / surgery cible f target
chetif (chetive /.) adj. puny. weak. chirurgien m surgeon cicatrice f
CHEVAL m. (chevaux pi) horse choc m shock, blow, collision cidre m i fdfr
Monter a cheval To go horseback riding CHOCOLAT m chocolate CIEL m neiix pi sky. heai en
Fer a cheval Horseshoe I'ne tablette de chocolat A chocolate bar II n'y a pas un nuage dans le ciel There isn t
Monter sur ses grands chevaux. To get up on L'ne glace au chocolat Chocolate ice cream a cloud in the sky
one's high horse. Un chocolat chaud A cup of hot cliocolate A ciel ouvert f nder the open sky
chevelure / hair. choeur m. chosr. chorus Tomber du ciel. To come as a godsend u tnd-
chevet m. the head of the bed. In enfant de choeur An altar boy, choirboy fall
Rester au chevet de quelqu'un. To remain at choir to fall. C'est tombe du ciel. Its a stroke of good for-
a person's bedside. Sot to leave someone s I^usser choir To drop tuneaIt's
windfall
bedside. choisi adj selected, chosen Remuer ciel et terre. To move heaven and
CHEVEU m. (cheveux pi | hair In recueil de morceaux choisis. Collection of earth.
Je desire me faire couper les cheveux / wunt selected pieces poems, essay %% \\ Le ciel m est temoin Heaven is my uifru?vs
to have my hair cut. I want a haircut anthology. Aide-toi. le ciel t'aidera. God helps those who
C'est tire par les cheveux. That's farfetched CHOISIR to choose. help themselves.
Etre a un cheveu de la ruine. To he within a II n'y a pas a choisir There's nothing to choose Oue le ciel men preserve' Cod forbid1
hairbreadth of disaster. from There is no choice left Ciel' Heavens'
II se fait des cheveux blancs. Hes worrying CHOIX m choke. Bleu ciel Sky-blue.
himself gray. Avez-vous fait votre choixJ Have you chosen cierge m candle or taper used for religious pur-
A faire dresser les cheveux. Terrifying.Enough decided, made your choice)?
poses.
to make one's hair stand on end. Vous n'avez pas le choix. You have no choice. CIGARE m. cigar
cheville/. ankle; peg. You haven't any alternative. It's not up CICARETTE / cigorefte
chevre / goal. to you. ci-inclus enebsed herewith
chevreau m. kid. C'est a votre choix. It's up to you to choose cil m. eyelash.
La peau de chevreau. Kid{skin It's up to you. As you choose. cime /. summit, top.
chevreuil m. roebuck, roe; venison. Articles de choix. Choice articles. ciment m cement.
CHEZ at, in, at the house of. De tout premier choix. Of the best quality. cimetiere m rem^tory.
Venez chez nous. Come over to our place. chomage m. unemployment. CINEMA m movies.
Je vous verrai chez les Durand. I'll see you at choquer to shock, offend. Faire du cinema. To act in the movies.
the Durands' se choquer to be shocked,offended. cinematographiqueadj. cinematographic.
Nous etions chez des amis. We were at the CHOSE / thing. cingler to lash, whip.
home of somefriends. Tout ?a, c'est la meme chose. It all i "All that" CINQ noun and adj. five.
MonsieurDurand est-ilchez lui? Is Mr. Durand comes to the same thing. cinquantaine / iabout)fifty, fiftieth year.
at home? Je voudrais quelque chose de bon marche. id CINQLANTE noun and adj. fifty.
II faut que j'aille chez le medecin. / have to like something reasonable (cheap). cinquantieme noun and adj. fiftieth.
go to the doctor's. Chose curieuse, il se taisait. Curiouslyenough, CINQUIEMEfifth.
Achetez cela chez l'epicier. Buy that at the he didn't say anything ["he was silent"). cintre m. curve, bend; clothes hanger.
grocer's. Chaque chose en son temps. Everythingin its cirage m. waxing;shoe polish.
II demeure chez nous. He lives with us. proper time. circonference/. circumference.
Faites comme chez vous. Make yourself at Toutes choses etant egales, je prefere cette CIRCONSTANCE/. circumstance.
home. solution. Other things being equal, I pre- Le tribunal a tenu compte des circonstances
C'est devenu une habitude chez lui. It's be- fer this
solution. attenuantes. The court took into considera-
come
habit
a with him. Dites-lui bien des choses de ma part. Remem- tion extenuating
the circumstances.
chic m. trick, knack, style. ber to
mehim (he) Qu'auriez-vous fait en pareille circonstance^
Le chic parisien. Parisian style. Que vous a-t-il dit? —Pau de chose. What What would you have done in a similar
Elle a du chic. She has style {chic). did he tell you? —Sothing of importance. case?
II a un chic pour faire ca. He has a knack Sothing very important. Etre a la hauteur des circonstances. To be equal
for that sort of thing. Ce nest pas chose aisee. It's no easy matter. to the occasion.
CHIEN m. dog. La chose publique. The public welfare. Paroles de circonstance. Words suited to the
Chien de garde. Watchdog. chou m. (choux pi.) cabbage; dearest. occasion.
Chien qui aboie ne mord pas. Barking dogs Une soupe aux choux. Cabbage soup. circuit m. circuit.
circulaire 20 combien

Cinq metres de circuit Five meters in cir- clartc f. light, brightness. Vous le prenez trop a coeur. You're taking it
cumference. CLASSE/ elm, too much to heart.
Mettre une ligne en court-circuit. To short- I'ne classe de fran^ais. A h'rench class. Apprendre par coeur. To leam by heart.
circuit a line. En quelle classe voyagez-vous?What class are Faire contre mauvaise fortune bon coeur. To
circulaire noun (J.) and adj. circular. you traveling? keep a stiff upper lip. To put a goodface on
circulation /. circulation; traffic. Aller en classe. To go to school. a bad matter.
La circulation du sang. Blood circulation. Les classes moyennes. The middle classes. Rire de bon coeur. To laugh heartily.
II y a tres peu de circulation dans cette rue. classement m. cl/issification,filing. II a son bureau au coeur du quartier des
There is very little traffic in this street. classer to classify. affaires. He has his office in the heart of the
Accidents de la circulation. Trafficaccidents. classeur m. rack, file. business section.
Circulation interdite. \'o thoroughfare. classification/. classification. coffre m. chest, box, trunk (car).
circuler to circulate, move around. classifierto classify. coffre-fort m. safe-deposit box.
Circulez! Mote on.' Keep moving! classique noun (m.) and adj. classical). coffret m. small box.
Faire circuler une nouvelle. To spread a piece clause /. clause. cognac m. brandy.
of news. clavier m. keyboard(of a piano, organ, typewriter, cognement m. knocking.
cire /. wax. etc.) cogner to hump.
cirer to wax. CLE (clef)/. key. cohue /. crowd, mob.
Cirer des souliers. To shine (polish) shoes. Fermer une porte a cle. To lock a door. Quelle cohue! What a mob!
cirque m. circus. clement adj. clement, lenient. coiffer to do someone's hair.
CISEAUX m. pi. scissors. clerge m. clergy. se coiffer to do one's hair.
ciseler to engrave, chisel. cliche m. cliche; negative (photography). Se faire coiffer. To have one's hair done.
citadin tcitadine f.) noun and adj. pertaining to a client m. client, customer. coiffeur icoiffeu.se f.'[ barber, hairdresser.
city; city-dweller. clientele /. clientele, customers. coiffure /. hairdo.
citation /. quoting; citation. cligner to blink. Sa nouvelle coiffure lui va bien. Her new hairdo
cite /. city. Cligner de l'oeil. To wink. is very becoming (becomes her).
Cite ouvriere. 1. Block of tenement houses. 2. clignoter to twitch. Salon de coiffure. Beauty parlor.
Garden city for workers. climat m. climate. COIN m. corner.
Cite universitaire (in Paris). University section. clin d'oeil m. wink. II y a un kiosque a joumaux au coin de la rue.
citer to cite, quote. clinique /. nursing home. There's a newsstand on the comer.
Citez-m'en un passage. Quote a passage of it cloche /. bell. Je l'ai cherche dans tous les coins. / lookedfor
to me. clocher m. belfry; steeple. it everyivhere.
II a ete cite a l'ordre du jour. He has been clochette /. small bell. Regarder du coin de l'oeil. To lookout of the
cited for bravery. cloison/. partition, interior wall. comer of one's eye. To gite a side glance.
II fut cite en justice. He was summoned to cloitre m. cloister. coincer to wedge;corner; arrest (fam.).
court (as a witness or as a defendant). cloture /. enclosure,fence; closing. coincidence/. coincidence.
citerne /. cistern, tank. Mur de cloture. Enclosingicall. col m. collar.
citoyen m. (citoyenne/.) citizen. cloturer to close. Un col souple.A soft collar.
citron m. lemon. Cloturer la seance. To bring the meeting to an Un col raide. A hard (stiff) collar.
Citron presse. Lemonade. end. To close the meeting. Un faux col. A detachable collar.
citronnade /. lemonade. clou m. nail. colere /. anger.
citrouille /. pumpkin. clouer to nail, fix. Etre en colere. To be angry.
civiere /. stretcher. Etre cloue sur place. To be rooted to the spot. colis m. package, parcel.
civil adj. civil. To stand stock-still. ("To be nailed to the Par colis postal. By parcel post.
civilisation/. rici/izafion. spot. ') collaborates m. (collaboratricef.) collaborator.
civiliser to civilize. cloute adj. studded (with nails). collaboration f. collaboration.
civilite /. politeness. Passage cloute. Pedestrian crossing. collaborer to collaborate.
clair m. light, shine. club m. club. colle /. paste, glue.
Au clair de lune. In the moonlight. coaguler to coagulate,curdle. collection /. collection.
II a tire l'affaire au clair. He cleared up the coalition/. coalition,alliance. collectionner to collect, gather.
matter. cocasseadj. funny, comical. college m. high school; preparatory school.
CLAIR adj. clear, light (in color). C'etait tout a fait cocasse (fam.). It was very coller to stick, paste, glue.
C'est clair comme le jour. It's as clear as day. funny (a scream). collier m. necklace.
Le temps est clair. The weather's clear. coche m. stagecoach. colline /. hill.
J'aime cette couleur bleu clair. / like this light Manquer le coche. To miss the boat. collision/. collision.
blue. cocher m. coachman. colonel m. colonel.
clair adv. clear. cochon m. pig. colonie /. colony.
Je commence a voir clair. I'm beginning to code m. law, code. coloniser to colonize.
understand. Code de la route. Trafficregulations. colonne /. column.
Voir clair dans l'esprit de quelqu'un. To read coefficientm. coefficient. colorer to color.
someone'smind. COEUR m. heart. Elle sait colorer son recit. She knows how to
clairement clearly, plainly. II a une maladie de coeur. He has a heart color her story.
clairon m. bugle. condition. colossal adj. colossal.
clairvoyance/. perspicacity,clear-sightedness. II en a eu le coeur brise. It broke his heart. Une fortune colossale.An immensefortune.
clairvoyantadj. perspicacious,clear-sighted. Avoir mal au coeur. To feel nauseous. combat m. fight, combat, battle.
clameur /. clamor, uproar. En avoir le coeur net. To clear up a matter. Engager le combat. To go into action.
clan m. clan. To get to the bottom of something. combattre to fight, combat, battle.
clandestin adj. clandestine,secret. Je vous remercie de tout coeur. / thank you combien how many, how much.
claquer fo clap, smack,slam. from the bottom of my heart. C'est combien? (Combien est-ce?) How much
II claque des dents. His teeth are chattering. Cela me fend le coeur. That breaks my heart. is it*
II a claque la porte en partant. He slammed Partir le coeur leger. To set out ivith a light Combien vous dois-je? How much do I owe
the door when (as) he left. heart. you?
clarifier to clarify. Avoir le coeur gros. To be sad at heart. Le combien sommes-nous? WTiaf's the date
clarinette /. clarinette. Si le coeur vous en dit. // you feel like it. today?
 combinaJton 2! (ornplexe

< orabin ) .< i ii 'I K i .in pun? /'<•« far is it commentaire m commentary, ttmiment \<-m pull p % BifnuniCMI avec lui.
from here to the BOTH ( * 1 m mm dc 1omntntairt IhU iptaki foi / haunt yet (MM BWJ |B git in tou<It
< Hi I coiiitiiiMi l<-dollar' Wfati tin not oj itself N>"cwmiMfilii Memory.**) u lilt hon
nehtngi /<"the dollar? commenter to 0OPMMHJ communisme m communism
coiiibinaison\ . omhouition.tirranymcnt. slip(for commerqant m merihant. dealer communiste m. and f. noun and ad\ nrmmunist
commerce m truth compagne f female tompnnion.
women
combiner to mwi/hiii. wfcwm, conrriuc. commercial icommerciaux pi.) ad] commercial COMPACNIE / company
J'ai combine, un nouveau plan. / devised commettre to I ommit Dup00t8t( i' et CompMliie DupontandCo
(worked out) a new pro/i <i Vow ave/ commis une erreur You 1 < modi Je me plais en sa compagnie / like his 1tmxpany
comble m. summit, tup a mistake \e \011sUtodnJ fompagnie III keep you com-
De fond en comble. From top to bottom commis m 1 lerk
pany.
Completely. commissaire m rommi.ssary . eimimis.sioner. II nous a fausse compagnie He left ws sud-
C* c'est le comble! Thats the limit1 That's commissariat m <ommissionership used b) the fol- denly
deserted
He us. He left us in the
the List straw' lou mt; txpttukm lun h
Pour comble de malheur. To crown every- l* commissariat (\e police Polue headquarters compagnon m companion
thing
addTOto my troubles. I "Foror as the The rentral police station </ i pfWMBfl ( ompagnon de travail. Fellow worker
height of misfortune.") commission / 1 ommissum. committee, message, ( ompagnon d mfortune. Companion in mis-
Faire salle comble. To draw a full house (the- errand fortune.
atre, etc.). Sj commission sur 1 affaire est de 5%. His comparable adj. comparable.
combler to heap, fill up, load, overbad. 1omnnssion on the deal is .5% COMPARAISON/ comparison.
Vous me comblez! Youoverwhelmme! You're Commission d'enquete Board of inquiry Hors de toute comparaison Beyond compari-
spoiling me! Puis-je faire une commission' Is there uny mes son.
combustible m. fuel. mgcJ Can I take a message [for youJ Etablir une comparaison entre deux choses.
combustible adj. combustible. Voulez-vous me faire une commission? Would To draw a parallel between two things.
comedie f. comedy,play. you please do (rum an errand for me? comparaitre to appear.
Cessez cette comedie! Stop acting! commissionnaire m commission agent, messenger. Vousdevez comparaitre en personne. Youhave
comedien (comediennef.) actor, player (any kind commode f. chest of (Iran IWt, bureau. to appear in person.
of play). commode adj practical, convenient. comparatif comparative /.) adj. comparative.
comestible noun (m.) and adj. victuals, food- I Ml commode. It'* convenient \handy\. It's comparativement comparatively.
eatable. comfortable. COMPARER to compare.
comite m. committee. II est tres commode. He s very pleasant (good- compartiment m compartment
commandant m. commanding(officer). natured,easygoing). Compartiment de premiere classe. First-class
commande /. order; control. commoditef, convenience,comfort. compartment.
Passer une commande. To place an order. Vivre dans la commodite. To live in comfort. C'est un compartiment de non-fumeurs. So
commander to command, order. commotion/ commotion,shock. smokingin this compartment.
Commander a quelqu'un de faire quelque commun m. common;commonplace;the common compas m compass
chose. To command someone to do some- run. compassion / compassion, pity.
thing. Cela tombe dans le commun. It's becoming Faire compassion.To arouse compassion.
Commander quelque chose. To order some- commonplace. compatible adj. compatible.
thing. COMMUN adj. common. compatir to sympathize with
COMME as, like. C'est tres commun. That's very common. Je compatis a votre chagrin. / sympathize
II lui a dit cela comme ami. He told that to Amis communs. Mutual friends. with you in your grief.
him as a friend. Avoir des interets communs. To have common compatissantadj. compassionate,sympathizing.
II a agit comme un enfant. He acted like a interests. compatriotem. and f. compatriot,fellow-country-
child. Dun commun accord. By common consent.
man.
Comment 5a va? —Comme ci, comme 5a. How Faire cause commune avec quelqu'un. To make compensationf. compensation.
are things? —So, so. common cause with someone. compenser to compensatefor.
A-t-il ete nomme? -Non, mais c'est tout Le sens commun. Common sense. competent adj. competent.
comme. Was he been appointed? —No, Nom commun. Common noun. competition/. competition.
but he's as good as (appointed). N'avoir rien de commun avec quelqu'un. To complainte/. complaint.
Comme il est tard! How late it is! have nothing in common with someone. complaireto please, humor.
II est tres comme il faut. He's very proper (well- Lieux communs. Commonplaces. Common- II lui complait. He humors him.
bred). He's a gentleman. place (trivial)
remarks. se complaire to take delight in, derive pleasure
Comme cela. Like that, that way. Expression peu commune. L'nusual expression. from.
Qu-est-ce qu'il nous faut comme papiers? Ce sont des gens tres communs. They're very Se complaire a faire quelque chose. To take
What do we need in the way of documents? common (people). pleasure in doing something.
commencement m. beginning. communal (communaux pi.) adj. communal. complaisance/. complacence;kindness.
Au commencementj'ai cm qu'il plaisantait. communaute /. community. Auriez-vousla complaisancede . . . ? Would
At first 1 thought he was joking. commune /. smallest territorial district in France. you be so kind as to ... ?
Des le commencement9a m'a deplu. / disliked communication /. communication. complaisantadj. obliging,willing.
it from the start. Communicationd'idees. Exchangeof ideas. complet m. suit.
COMMENCERto begin. Je me suis mis en communicationavec eux. Je viens de m'acheter un complet marron. /
II a commencea travailler. He started to work. / got in touch with them. just bought (myself)a brown suit.
Pour commencer. First of all. To begin with. Communicationtelephonique.Telephonecall. COMPLET (complete/.) adj. full complete.
Commencer par. To begin with, by. Vous avez la communication. Your call is C'est complet. There'sno more room.It's full.
COMMENT how. ready. Heres your party. Manque complet de. Complete(utter) lack of.
Comment 9a va? How are you? communion/. communion. Un repas complet. A full meab
Comment? What did you say? I beg your communique m. communique,officialnews. COMPLETEMENTfully, completely.
pardon? communiquer to communicate. II est completement ruine. He's completely
Mais comment done! By all means! Je lui ai communique votre note. / gave him ruined.
1 Comment! What! your note. COMPLETER to complete,finish.
Comment fait-on pour . . . How does one go Les chambres communiquent. The roomsare complet-vestonm. business suit.
about . . . adjoining (communicating). complexenoun (m.) and adj. complex.
complication 22 conduit

complication /. complication. Ne prenez pas tout pour argent eomptant. Cela se concoit facilement That's easily un-
Entrer dans des complications.To meet with Don7 take everythingfor gospel truth. derstood.
complications. COMPTE m. account; calculation, amount. concierge m. and f. janitor, superintendent.
complice m. a party to, accomplice. Creditez-en mon eompte. Credit this to my concilier to reconcile, conciliate.
compliment m. compliment,congratulations,re- account. concis adj. concise, terse.
gards. Faites-vousouvrir un eompte a la banque. Open concision / brevity.
Je vous fais mes compliments. / congratulate a hank account. CONCLURE to conclude.
you. Congratulations! Faites le eompte des reeettes. Add up the re- Conelure la paix. To conclude peace.
Mes compliments chez vous. Rememberme at ceipts. II faut conelure maintenant. It's time to come
home. Give my regards to your family. Tenez eompte de tout 9a. Take all that into to a conclusion.
complique adj. complicated. account. Une entente a ete eonclue. An understanding
compliquer to complicate. Un compte-rendu.A report. has been reached (arrived at).
se compliquer to become complicated, involved. Les bons comptes font les bons amis. Short C'est une affaire eonclue. The matter's closed.
Cela se complique. It's getting involved (com- reckoningsmake long friends. That's settled. It's a bargain.
plicated). J'ai un eompte a regler avec lui. / have a Que concluez-vousde ce fait? What do you
complot m. plot, conspiracy. hone to pick with him. infer \conclude)from thati What do you
comploter to plot, scheme. Je men rends eompte. / understand that. I'm think that means?
comporter to albw, include. aware of that. conclusion/. conclusion.
Cette regie comporte des exceptions.Thisrule Son eompte est bon. Sow he's in for it. Concorde/ concord, harmony.
has exceptions. Reglerde vieuxcomptes. Topay off old scores. concours m. meeting, assistance, help; contest.
Je le ferai malgre les inconvenients que cela II ne doit de comptes a personne. He is an- Point de concours. Point of convergence.
comportera. /'// do it in spite of the diffi- swerable
nobody.to Prefer son concoursa quelqu'un. Tohelp some-
culties itwhich
icill entail. Elle est inquiete sur son eompte. She is worried one.collaborate
To with someone.
se comporter to l>ehave. about him. Par le concours de. Through the help of.
composer to compose. Pour mon eompte. As far as I'm concerned. Hors de concours. Sot competing (on account
Composer un numero. To dial a number. En fin de eompte. After all. In the end. When of acknowledgedexcellence^.Beyondcom-
se composerto consistof. be composedof, be made all is said and done. parison.
a classInby itself.
up of. compte-gouttes m. dropper. Concours d'admission. Entrance examination
L'appartement se compose de huit pieces et COMPTER to count. concret (concrete /.) adj. concrete.
deux salles de bains. The apartment con- L'enfant est en train d'apprendre a compter. concurrence /. competition.
sistseight
of rooms and two bathrooms. The child is just learning how to count. concurrent m. competitor.
compositeur m. (compositrice/.) composer. Nous serons dix sans compter I'hote. We'll be concurrent adj. competitive.
compositionf. composition,essay. ten, not counting the host. condamnation / condemnation.
compote /. compote,stewedfruit. Acompterdedemain.Counring/romtomorrou.. condamner to sentence, condemn, blame.
comprehension/. understanding. Puis-jecompter sur vous?Can I count (depend, condenser to condense.
Avoirla comprehensionfacile. To understand rely) on you? condescendre to condescend.
things right away. To have a quick mind. Vouspouvezy compter. Youmay depend upon CONDITION /. condition.
COMPRENDREto include; understand. it. A conditionque (de). Providedthat.
Tout est compris. Everythingusincluded. J'avais eompte sur quelque chose de mieux. / Dans ees conditions. Under these conditions.
Ce prix ne comprend pas les rectifications. counted on something better. I had ex- Under these circumstances.
This price doesn't include alterations. pected something
better. Dans les conditions actuelles. Under present
Y compris. Including. Je vous compterai eet article trente francs conditions.
II est facile de comprendre pourquoi. It's easy 77/ charge you thirty francs for this item. J accepte mais a condition que . . . / accept
to understand why. Ca ne eompte pas. That doesn't matter. That with the condition that . . .
II ne comprend pas I anglais. He doesn't un- doesn't count. J'accepte mais a une seule condition. / accept
derstand English. compteur m. meter (taxi). but on one condition.
Je n'y comprends rien. / can't understand it comptoir m. counter. Les conditions etaient raisonnables. The terms
at all. I can't make it out. conceder to concede, grant, admit. were reasonable.
C'est a n'y rien comprendre. It's lieyond me. Je concede que j'ai eu tort. / admit I was Se rendre sans condition. To surrender uncon-
I can t understand it. It doesn t make sense. wrong. ditionally.
Cela se comprend. That's easy to understand. Je vous concede ce point. / gmnr you that point. conditionnel ,conditionnelle /.) adj. conditional.
Naturally. Of course. concentre adj. concentrated. condoleance /. condolence.
Je peux juste a pen pres me faire comprendre se concentrer to concentrate. Veuillez agreer mes sinceres condoleances.
en francais. / can just about makemyself un- Se concentrer en soi-meme. To retire within Please accept my heartfelt sympathy.
derstood
French.in oneself. conducteur m eonduetrice /.) conductor.
Je lui ai fait comprendre que . . . / made it conception /. conception. Un conducteur d'autobus. A bus conductor.
clear to him that . . . concemer to concern. CONDUIRE to drive; lead.
comprime m. pill. Cela ne vous eoneerne pas. That doesn 't con- Un permis de conduire. A driving license.
comprimer to compress; curb, repress. cern you. Savez-vousconduire? Do you knou how to
compromettre to commit; compromise. Est-ce que cela le conceme? Is that any of drive?
Ne me compromettez pas la-dedans. Don't his business? Conduire une armee. To lead an army.
involve me in it. Pour ce qui me eoneerne. As far as I'm con- II la eonduisit chez elle. He took her home.
compromis m. amipromise. cerned. II conduit bien sa barque. He manages his
Mettre une affaireen compromis.Tosubmit an Concernant. In regard to. Regarding. affairs well.
affair for arbitration. concert m. concert. Le cuivre conduitl'electricite. Copperconducts
comptabilite /. Ixx>kkeeping. Depechez-voussi vous ne voulez pas etre en electricity.
comptable m. Iwokkeeper,accountant. retard pour le concert. Hurry up if you SE CONDUIRE to behave.
eomptant m. cash. don't want to be late for the concert. II ne sait pas se conduire. He doesn't know
Au eomptant ou a credit. In cash or on credit. Nous devons agir de concert. We have to act how to behave.
Payable au eomptant. Terms, cash. together. Quelle maniere de se conduire! What a way
eomptant adj. in cash. se concerter to consult one another. to behave' What behavior!
Argent eomptant. Ready money. Spot cash. concession /. concession. conduit m. passage, channel.
Payer eomptant. To pay cash. concevoir to concetoe. Conduit souterrain. Drain.
conduite 23 oomeil

conduitr / conduct, • % inmand. Une copie conforme a loriginal. A copy "" Amenez vos amis ft <oiiridissarn H Hnng your
n.luitf est irreprochable tik OOndllCi
il responding to the original frtonfll and acquainUm
\jt\i1 gouts sunt conforme. aux notres /'i. if Nous sommes en pays dt <OHMImMM. We
N'avez-vouspas honte de votre conduite? tastes are similar (p a^rr, u ttli ours OH " ith old friends
Aren f you ashamed of your behavior? Lturi tctiOfll DC sont pas conformes a leurs Kin hante de faire votre connaissance. Clad
Changer dc ccoduitt To turn PMTa neu leaf. principes. Thrir actions OCtt aren't in (happy) to know you
( iiiuluite d'etU W<;/#rpipc. Conformity mth their principles. |« suis tres content d'avoir fait leur connais-
conformement in accordance with, in conformity sance.iery
I'm glad to haie met them.
cone m. con*.
confection / construction; ready-to wear clothes. u ith, in compliance with EnI 'iririaissariccdetause Withfull knowledge
La confection de cette machine est tres chere. Conformement a vos ordres. In accordance of the facts. On good grounds
Thismachine is very expensiveto construct. uith your instruction! {"orders"). A ma connaissance, I affaire nest pas encore
Acheter une robe de confection. To buy a conformer to form, shapi conclue. 7bmiy<cw>i< Irdgc a.',far as I know),
ready-made dress. Conformer sa conduite a ses paroles. To suit the matter isn't settled yet.
confectionner to make, manufacture. his actions to his words. II n'en a pas la moindre connaissance He
conference /. conference: lecture. se conformer to comply with. doesnt know understand) the least thing
II est en conference avec le docteur Dupont. II | est conforme a ses ordres. He complied about it He doesn't have the slightest
He's conferring (in conference) with />. with his imtrudions knowledge of the subject.
Dupont. conformite /. conformity. Sans connaissance. Unconscious.
II a fait une conferenceexcellente.He gave an Ses vues sont en conformite avec les miennes. connaisseur m expert, connoisseur.
excellent lecture. His views agree with mine. CONNAlTRE to know.
conferencier (conferenciere/.) lecturer. En conformite de (avec). In accordance with. Je ne veux pas les connaitre. / don't want to
conferer to confer. CONFORT m. comfort. meet them (to be acquainted with them).
confesserto confess. Une maison avec confort moderne. A house Je connais bien son caractere. / know (under-
confession/. confession,avowal. with all modern conveniences. stand)
character
his very well.
confiance/. frusr, confidence. Le niveau du confort. The standard of bang II s'y connait. He has great experience in the
J'ai entiere confianceen lui. / have complete CONFORTABLE adj. comfortable. matter.
confidencein him. Ce fauteuil est tres confortable. 77marmchair II s est fait connaitre. 1. He introduced him-
C'est une personne de confiance.He (she) is is very comfortable. self.
He2.made himselfknown. He made
a trustworthy person. confronter to confront. a name for himself.
Abus de confiance.Breach of trust. confus adj. confused, embarrassed. II en connait bien d'autres. He has many more
confidencef. confidence:secret. Je suis tout confus. I'm terribly sorry. I'm very tricks up his sleeve.
confidentiel (confidentielle/.) ad], confidential. embarrassed. se connaitre en. To be a connoisseur of, an
A titre confidentiel.Confidentially. II en est confus. He s very sorry. He doesnt expert at.
confier to trust, entrust; confide. know how to apologize. connexion/ connection.
se confier to confide in, trust to. II est confus. He's baffled. He doesn't know connivence / connivance.
confiner to border upon. how to act (what to do). Agir de connivence avec quelqu'un. To act
confirmation/. con/irmafion. Vous me rendez confus. You embarrass me. in complicitywith someone.
En confirmation de votre commande, ayez Des voix confuses. Indistinct voices. conquerir to conquer, capture.
I obligeance de nous envoyer une lettre. Notions vagues et confuses. Vague andconfused II a conquis l'estime de ses chefs. He won the
Please send us a letter in confirmationof ideas. esteem of his superiors.
your order. Souvenirsconfus. Blurred memories. conquete / conquest.
En confirmationde mon coup de telephone de confusion/. confusion. Vous avez fait sa conquete. You've won his
ce matin. Confirmingmy telephonecall of Tout etait en confusion. Everything was in (her) heart.
this morning. confusion (in a confused state). consacrer to dedicate, devote.
Confirmation dun traite. Ratification of a Mettre tout en confusion.Toupset everything. Je ne puis vous consacrer que quelques min-
treaty. To put everything in disorder. utes.
can /spare you only a few minutes.
confirmer to confirm. Confusion de noms. A mistake in names. conscience/. conscience.
L'exception confirmela regie. The exception Etre rouge de confusion. To blush with em- Une conscience droite. A clear conscience.
proves the rule. barrassment. Cas de conscience.Poinf of conscience.
confiscation/. confiscation,seizure. conge m. leave; discharge. C'est une affaire a votre conscience. Follow
confiserie/. candy store. II a obtenu un conge de huit jours. He re- your conscience.
confisquerto confiscate. ceiveda(got)
week's vacation. He got a Par acquit de conscience. For conscience'
confiture/. jam, preserves. week off. sake. To salve one's conscience.
conflit m. conflict. On a donne conge au locataire. 77i€ tenant Cela lui pese sur la conscience. It's weighing
Conflit d'opinions.Conflictof opinion. was given notice. on his conscience.
confondreto confuse. Nousavonspris conged'eux. We tookleaveof II travaille avec conscience. He works con-
Je confonds toujours ces deux personnes. / them. scientiously.
always get those two people mixed up. I congedier to dismiss,fire. II a conscience de ses erreurs. He's aware of
always mistake one for the other. lis ont congediela bonne. They dismissedthe his errors (mistakes).
Confondre des noms. To confuse names. To maid. consciencieux (consciencieuse /.) adj. conscien-
get names confused. conglomeration/. conglomeration. tious.
II est confus. He's baffled. congres m. congress,assembly,conference. conscient adj. conscious.
II en est confus. He's very sorry (about it). Le congres international des etudiants. In- Je suis conscient de la gravite de la situation.
se confondre to become confused. ternational
Congress.
Students I'm aware (conscious)of the gravity of the
Seconfondreen excuses.Toapologizeprofusely. conjugation/. con/ugorton. situation.
confondu adj. confused, disconcerted,abashed. conjuguer to unite; conjugate. consecutif (consecutive/.) adj. consecutive.
Je suis confondu de votre bonte. I'm conjurer to plot; entreat, ward off. CONSEIL m. advice, counsel; council.
overwhelmed by your kindness. I don't lis ont conjure sa defaite. They plotted his Donnez-moi un conseil. Give me your advice.
know what to say (how to express my defeat. Je vais prendre conseil de mon avocat. I'm
gratitude). Je vous en conjure. / enfreor(implore)you. going to ask the advice of my lawyer.
II a ete confondu. He was confused (discon- II a conjure la mine de son ami. He prevented Je viens sur le conseil de ... I've come at
certed, abashed). (averted,staved off) his friend's ruin. the advice of . . .
conformeadj. according,consistent. CONNAJSSANCE /. acquaintance; knowledge. Le conseilmunicipal.77ieciriycouncil.
conseiller 24 continuer

La nuit porte conseil. Sleep on it. ("Night in the check room. Mettre le contact. To turn [switch^ on (the
brings counsel") consistance/. consistency. light, etc.).
Passer en conseil de guerre. To he court- CONSISTER to consist of. Couper le contact. To turn (switch)off.
martialed. En quoi cela consiste-t-il? What does it (this) contagieux icontagieusef.) adj. contagious.
conseiller m. counselor, adviser. consist of? contagion/ contagion.
conseiller to advise. consolation /. consolation. conte m. story, tale.
Que me conseillez-vous de faire? WTiaf do you consoler to console, comfort. Un conte de fees. A fairy tale.
advise me to do? se consoler to be consoled. contemplation f. contemplation,meditation.
consentement m. consent, assent. Consolez-vous!Cheer up! contempler to contemplate,ponder, look intently
Je vous donne mon consentement. You have consoliderto consolidate,strengthen. at.
my consent. I give you my consent. consommateurm. consumer. contemporain adj. contemporary.
consentir to consent, agree. consommation /. consummation; consumption; contenance / countenance; capacity, extent.
II a consenti a venir. He agreed to come. drinks. Faire bonne contenance. To keep one's coun-
CONSEQUENCE/, consequence,result. Payer pour les consommations.Topay for the tenance.
put a good
To face on a bad mat-
Les consequences se feront sentir sous peu. drinks. ter.make
To the best of a bad bargain. To
The consequences will soon become ap- consommerto consume, use up. keep smiling.
parent (make
themselves felt). consonne/. consonant. Perdre contenance. To be put out of counte-
C'est une affaire sans consequence. It's an conspirateur m. (conspiratrice/.) conspirator. nance.
become
To embarrassed [flustered).
unimportant matter. conspiration/. conspiracy. Faire perdre contenance a quelqu'un. Tostare
En consequence. Consequently. As a result. conspirer to conspire,plot. someoneout of countenance. Toembarrass
consequent adj. consistent. CONSTAMMENTconstantly. someone.
II nest pas consequent avec lui-meme. He's lis se disputent constamment. They're con- Quelle est la contenance de ce reservoir?
not consistent. stantly (continually)
arguing. What's the capacity of this reservoir(tank)?
Par consequent. Consequently.As a result. Constance/. constancy, persistence. CONTENIR to contain.
conservateur m. keeper, guardian, commissioner. constant adj. constant. Que contient ce paquet? VVhafdoes this pack-
Conservateurd'unmusee.Curatorof a museum. constatation /. establishment,verification. age contain?
conservateur (conservatrice/.) adj. conservative. constater to state; ascertain; verify. Ce rapport contient beaucoup d'erreurs. This
conservation/. conservation,preservation. Constater un fait. To establish a fact. report has many mistakesin it.
Instinct de la conservation. Instinct of self- II constata que tout marchait mal. He noticed se contenir to contain oneself, control oneself.
preservation. that things were going badly. II n*apu se contenir. He couldn't controlhim-
conservatoirem. conservatory. lis etaient contents de constater de pareils self.
conserve/. preserves. progres.Theywereglad (happy)to seesuch content m. sufficiency,enough of.
Boites de conserve. (Tin)cans. rapid progress. Manger tout son content. To eat one's fill.
Mettre en conserve. To can. Vouspouvez constater! Youcan see for your- II en a son content. He's gotten enough of it.
conserverto preserve,keep, maintain,save (tooth). self! That's enoughfor him. He has had his fill.
Conservez-leavec soin. Take good care of it. consterne adj. astonished,dismayed, appalled. CONTENT adj. glad, happy, satisfied,content.
II a conserveson sang-froid.He kept his head. II le regardait d'un air consterne. He lookedat Je suis content de vous voir. [I'm) Clad to see
He didn't lose his head. him with an air of amazement. you.
se conserver to keep. constemer to astonish. Etes-vous content du resultat de votre travail?
Articles qui ne se conservent pas. Perishable Nous en fumes consternes. We were appalled Are you pleased (satisfied) with the result
goods. ("Articles that don't keep.') by it (staggeredby it, dismayed at it). of your work?
CONSIDERABLEadj. considerable. constituer to constitute,form. contentement m. contentment.
Une quantite considerable. A considerable lis constituent une societe litteraire. They're SE CONTENTER to be content with, satisfied
quantity. forming a literary society. with.
Elle ma rendu un service considerable. She constitution /. constitution. J'ai du me contenter de cela. / had to be con-
did me a great favor. Avoirune bonne constitution. To have a good tent (satisfied)
with that. I had to content
CONSIDERATION/. consideration. constitution. myself with that.
II n'a de consideration pour personne. He has constitutionnel (constitutionnelle/.)adj. constitu- II sait se contenter de peu. He's satisfied with
no considerationfor anyone. tional. little.
Je le prendrai en consideration.I'll take it into CONSTRUCTION/. building, structure; con- CONTENU m. contents.
consideration. struction. Le contenu dune lettre. The contents of a
Agreez, Monsieur, l'assurance de ma parfaite CONSTRUIREto build. letter.
consideration. Verytruly yours (in a letter). consul m. consul. Le contenu de ce paquet parait etre avarie\ The
CONSIDERER to consider. consulat m. consulate. contents of this package seem damaged.
Ce nest pas a considerer. It's not to be thought consultation/. consultation. conter to tell, relate.
of. It's not even to he considered. Heures de consultation. Consulting hours (at contestation /. dispute.
II faut considerer que . . . It must be borne a doctor's office). Doctor's hours. contester to contest, dispute.
in mind that . . . CONSULTER to consult. Je ne conteste pas ce fait. I'm not disputing the
II est tres consider^ dans notre milieu. He is II faut consulter un medecin. You'd better fact.
highly thought of in our circle. (we'd better) consult a doctor. continent m. continent.
Noussommesconsideresresponsables.We are Consulter un dictionnaire. To consult a dic- contingent m. contingent, quota.
held liable (consideredresponsible). tionary. CONTINU adj. continuous.
consignation/. consignment;deposit. se consulter to consult one another; be consulted. Une ligne continue. A continuous (unbroken)
CONSIGNE /. orders, instructions; regulations; lis se consultent. They're deliberating. They're line.
baggageroom,check room. putting their heads together. Est-ce que le courant est altematif ou continu?
II a manquea la consigne.He disobeyedorders. consumer to consume. Is the current alternating or direct?
Je ne connaisque la consigne.Ordersare orders. L'incendiea tout consume.Thefire destroyed continuation / continuation.
("I don't knoiv anything but the orders.") everything. CONTINUEL (continuelle /.) adj. continual.
Etre de consigne. To be on duty. CONTACTm. contact, touch. Un bruit continuel. A continual noise. A noise
Nous avons mis les bagagesa la consigne. We II est entre en contact avec lui. He was (got) that doesn 't stop.
left our baggagein the check room. in contact (came into contact) with him. continuellement continually.
consigner to deposit; register. J'evite tout contact avec eux. I'm avoiding all CONTINUER to continue.
Consigner ses bagages. To leave one's luggage contact with them. Continuez votre recit. Go on with your story.
, , Mil. Mil 25 < ordr

i .-Li. .Miiiiiurr.i
longtanpi /' ti ill last (for)a Livraison contre remboursement Cash on able
proper,
1 suitable) for you to
longtnw delivery. Si cela vous convient // Ml (omenient for
La Bfllfl (iMitiniir dc (it tomber. It's still Par contre. On the other hand you. If it MM your 09HMNMM // it's
mowing '( mmi on mowing n»' mowi contrebande ( contraband, smuggling agreeable to you
sft/7 ful/m^ contrebandier m smuggler II convient de ne pas en parler H't not proper
contour m contour, oiif/ine. contredire to contradu I [right 1 tii speak about it
contourner to go MUM contree ( region Je conviens que |'ai eu tort / admit that I was
I iiiiluimicr la lot, TO get iirnuml in ml, tin COntrefacon f counti-rfrtttng wrong.
In contrefaire to counterfeit, imitate A I'heure convenue At the hour agreed (fixed.
contracter to contract contre-ordre m counter order, countermanding set) upon
Contracter une assurance. To take out an in Sauf contre-ordre ( ri/cu / fcjMfto the contrary < »st convenu It's agreed. Settled
suramc polu 1/ contresigner to countersign < nnvenir (a). To suit, he suitable
Contracter une habitude To acquire a habit contretemps m u rong time, piece of bad luck convention f (omentum, agreement, standard.
contraction f contraction A contretemps At the wrong time \ji convention de Ceneve 77ie Qleneva Con-
contradiction f. contradiction. ( »st arrive a contretemps. It happened at a 1ention.
II a lesprit de contradiction. He's very con- bad moment. Les conventions sociales 77w social conven-
trary.
contradicts
He everything you say. Un facheux contretemps An annoying occur- tions.
contradictoire adj contradictory,opposing. rence. conventionnel fconventionnelle /) adj conven-
contraindre to compel, force. contrevenir to contravene. tional.
II hit contraint d'obeir. He wasforced to obey CONTRIBUER to contribute. conversation / conversation.
contrainte /. restraint; coercion. Je contribuerai a la depense I'll contribute Lier conversation avec quelquun To enter
Parler sans contrainte. To speak without re- toward the expenses. get. into a conversation with someone.
straint.
speakTofrankly. contribution f. contribution, tax Faire tous les frais de la conversation. To do
CONTRAIREadj. opposite. Contributions directes. Direct taxation. all the talking.
II est dun avis contraire. He's of the opposite contrit adj. contrite, penitent. converser to converse, talk with
opinion. Dun air contrit Penitently In a contrite spirit conversion f. conversion
Contraire a la raison. Against all common sense. CONTROLE m control. convertir to convert, turn into.
Sauf avis contraire. Unless advised to the con- II a perdu tout controle sur lui-meme. He lost se convertir to become converted, become a convert
trary. his self-control. conviction /. conticfton.
Au contraire. On the contrary. Controle postal. Postal censorship. Une conviction inebranlable. A firm (unshak-
Au contraire de. Contrary to. controler to control, check, punch [tickets). able) conviction.
Le lait lui est contraire. Milkdisagrees with htm se controler to control oneself. Piece de conviction. Piece of evidence.
CONTRAIREMENT contrary, on the contrary controleur m. inspector; conductor \of a trolley, convier to invite.
Contrairement a ce que je pensais. Contrary train, etc.). convive m. and f. guest (at the table).
to what I thought. Controleur des contributions. Inspector of convocation / convocation, convening.
contrariant adj. trying; annoying. taxes. convoi m convoy.
Comme c'est contrariant! WTiara nuisance! CONVAINCREto convince. convoiter to covet, desire.
How annoying! J'en suis convaincu. I'm sure of it I'm con- convoitise /. covetousness.
contrarie adj. annoyed, upset. vinced
it. of convoquer to summon, call together.
contrarier to oppose; provoke. convaincu adj. convinced, full of conviction, Avez-vousete convoque a la reunion? Were
Pourquoi toujours le contrarier? Why do you earnest. you asked to the meeting?
always oppose (provoke,cross) him? Parler dun ton convaincu. Tospeak with con- convulsion /. convulsion.
Contrarier les desseinsde quelquun. Tointer- viction. cooperation / cooperation.
fere with
someone's schemes. To thwart convalescence/. convalescence. cooperer to cooperate.
someone'splans. convalescent (convalescente /.) noun and adj. coordination /. coordination.
contrariete /. annoyance, vexation. convalescent. coordonner to coordinate, arrange.
Quelle contrariete! What a nuisance! How CONVENABLE adj suitable, becoming, decent, copie / copy.
annoying! proper. copier to copy.
Eprouver une vive contrariete. To be very Ce nest pas tres convenable. That's not nice copieux (copieuse/.) adj. copious.
much (highly)annoyed. (proper). coq m. rooster.
contraste m. contrast. Vousdevriez choisir un moment plus conven- Fier comme un coq. Proud as a peacock.
contraster to contrast. able pour
y aller. Youshould find a more coque /. shell.
contrat m. contract. suitable time to go there. Oeufs a la coque. Soft-boiledeggs.
Rupture de contrat. Breachof contract. Croyez-vousqu'il soit convenableque j'y aille? coquet (coquette/.) adj. coquettish;elegant,smart,
contravention/. misdemeanor,police offense. Do you think it's all right (proper)for me stylish; dainty.
CONTRE against. to go there? coquette /. coquette,flirt.
lis s'allierent contre l'ennemi. They made an Je n'ai rien de convenable a me mettre. / coquetterie /. coquetry,coquettishness;smartness,
alliance (united) against the enemy. haven't anything decent to put on. stylishness.
II dressa une echelle contre le mur. He placed com enablement suitably, properly, fitly. coquillagem. shellfish;shell.
a ladder against the wall. Faites-le convenablement.Do it right. Do it coquille/. shell.
Le pour et le contre de cette question. The well. corbeau m. (corbeauxpi.) crow.
pros and cons of this question. convenance /. suitability, fitness, convenience; corbeille/. basket.
II y a du pour et du contre. There's something decency. Corbeille a papier. Wastepaper basket.
to be said on both sides. Ces conditionssont-ellesa votre convenance? Corbeille a pain. Bread-basket.
II se tenait tout contre lui. He was standing Are these terms acceptable to you? Corbeille a ouvrage. Work-basket.
very near him. C'etait un mariage de convenance. It was a corbillard m. hearse.
S'assurer contre l'incendie. To insure against marriage of convenience. corde /. cord, rope.
fire. CONVENIR to suit, fit; be right, proper; agree, Corde a linge. Clothesline.
Envers et contre tous. Agairuf all comers. admit. Corde a sauter. Skippingrope.
II le fit a contre-coeur. He did it reluctantly Cet emploi m'aurait convenu. 77m job (posi- Instrument a cordes. Stringedinstrument.
(unwillingly). tion) would
have suited me (been just right Etre au bout de sa corde. To be at the end of
Contre toute attente. Contrary to all expecta- for me). one's rope.
tion. II ne vous convient pas de . . . It's not advis- Use jusqu'a la corde. Threadbare.
cordial 26 courage

cordial (cordiauxpi.) adj. cordial. Quellecorvee!Howtiresome!Whata nuisance! dating.easy

He'sto do business with.
Un accueil cordial. A hearty welcome. cosmopolitem. and f. noun and adj. cosmopolitan. couler to flow; sink.
cordialement cordially. costaud (fam.) noun (m.) and adj. strong, strap- Faites couler l'eau. Let the water run.
Cordialement a vous. Sincerelyyours. ping fellow;
husky fellow. Le navire a coule. The ship sank.
cordon m. cord, string, band; ribbon. costume m. suit, costume,outfit. couleur /. color.
Cordon de sonnette. Bellrope. Costume de ski. Ski outfit, ski clothes. II men a fait voir de toutes les couleurs(jam.).
Cordon bleu. First-rate cook (used only of a cote /. quota, quotation. He gave me plenty of trouble.
woman). cote /. rib; shore. Le film en couleurs. Colorfilm.
Tenir les cordons de la bourse. To hold the Ou lui compterait les cdtes, il est tellement couleuvre /. garter snake.
purse strings. maigre. He's so thin you can count the coulisse/. groove; wings (theatre).
Cordon, s'il vous plait! Door, please! (Said to bones ("the ribs'). Porte a coulisse.Slidingdoor.'
the concierge when you want the door lis se tenaient cote a c6te. They were standing Fenetre a coulisse.Slidingwindow.
opened late at night.) side by side. Les coulisses. The wings (in a theatre).
cordonnier m. shoemaker. Nous nous tenions les cotes de rire. We split Savoir ce qui se passe dans les coulisses. To
come /. horn. our sides laughing. know what's happening behind the scenes.
Betes a comes. Homed beasts. Le bateau a ete jete a la cote par la tempete. couloir m. corridor, passageway.
Rentrer les comes. To draw in one's horns. The boat was cast ashore by the storm. COUP m. blow; stroke.
comet m. small horn, trumpet; telephone receiver. Cote d'Azur. French Riviera. II lui a donne un coup. He struck him.
Comet de telephone. Telephonereceiver. cote m. side, direction. Un coup de tonnerre. A thunderclap.
corporel(corporelle/.) adj. corporal. C'est a cote. It's nearby, next door. Un coup de soleil.Sunstroke.
Chatiment corporel. Corporalpunishment. C'est son cote faible. That's his weak spot. Ce fut un coup dur pour sa famille. It was a
CORPS m. body. Prendre les choses par le bon cote. To look heavy blow to his family.
Le corps humain. The human body. on the bright side of things. Donner un coup de main. To lend (give)some-
Carde du corps. Bodyguard. II a mis de l'argent de cote. He has put some one
hand.
a To help someone out.
Corps liquide. Liquid body. money aside. Un coup de tete. An impulsiveact. Something
Lutter corps a corps avec quelqu'un. To come Us sen allerent chacun de son cdte. Each went done on the spur of the moment.
to grips with someone.("To fight body to his way. Faire quelque chose par un coup de tete. To
body.') Repondre a cote. To miss the point (in an an- act on impulse (impulsively).
II a le diable au corps. He's very wild. He'sfull swer).
giveToan answer that is beside the Un sale coup. A dirty trick.
of devilment.Nothing can stop him. ("He point. Tenir le coup. To withstand the blow. To hold
has the devil in his body.') De ce c&te-ci. On this side, in this direction. out.
Prendre corps. To assume shape. De cdte. On the side (seats). Coup de telephone. Telephonecall.
Se donner corps et ame a quelque chose. To De l'autre cdte de. On the other side of. II fut tue sur le coup. He was killed on the
be entirely devoted to something. De quel cote? In which direction? spot.
corpulence/. corpulence,stoutness. Du cote de la Sorbonne. Toward the Sorbonne. Tout a coup. All of a sudden. Suddenly.All at
correct adj. correct, exact. cdtelette /. chop. once.
Est-ce que c'est correct? Is that correct? cotisation /. contribution; dues. Le coup de coude. Nudge.
Votre reponse est correcte. Your answer is se cotiser to contribute; pay dues. Le coup d'envoi. Kickoff(soccer).
right. coton m. cotton. Le coup de pied. Kick.
correction /. correction, accuracy. Des bas de coton. Cotton stockings. Le coup de sifflet.Whistle(-blast).
Avez-vousfait toutes les corrections neces- Du coton hydrophile. Absorbent cotton. Le coup-franc.Free kick (soccer).
saires?Did you make (have you made) all Filer un mauvais coton. To be in a bad way. Un coup de fil. A telephone call.
the necessarycorrections? cotoyer to border on, keep close to. Un coup d'oeil. A glance.
Maisonde correction. Reformatory.House of COU m. neck. Un coup de peigne. A quick hair-combing.
Correction. L'enfant se jeta au cou de sa mere. The child Les trois coups. The three knocks(theatre).
correspondence /. correspondence; connection, hugged its mother ("threw himself on his coupable m. a guilty person.
change (subway). mother's neck'). coupable adj. guilty.
II a ouvert sa correspondence.He opened his Prendre ses jambes a son cou. To take to one's coupe /. cup; cutting.
mail. heels. La coupe de cheveux. Haircut.
Prendre la correspondence.To change trains Etre dans les dettes jusqu'au cou. To be up to coupe-papierm. paper knife.
(subway). one's ears in debt. couper to cut.
correspondantm.correspondent;party (telephone). couchage m. bedding. II lui coupa la parole. He interrupted him.
II est le correspondantetranger de ce journal. Le sac de couchage. Sleepingbag. Ne coupez pas. Hold the wire. Don't hang up.
He s theforeigncorrespondentof mispaper. couche /. bed; couch. se couper to cut oneself.
correspondreto correspond,agree. Couche de houille. Coal-bed. II s'est coupe le doigt. He cut his finger.
Je correspondsavecelle. / correspondwithher. coucher to sleep. Se faire couper les cheveux. To have one's
I write to her. On coucha a la belle etoile. We slept in the open hair cut, have a haircut.
La theorie ne correspond pas aux faits. The air. couple m. pair, couple.
theory doesn't square with the facts. se coucher to go to bed. coupon m. cutting; coupon.
corridor m. corridor,passage. II est alle se coucher tard. He went to bed late. Coupon de robe. Dress length.
corriger to correct. Couche-toi. Co to bed. Coupon de rationnement. Rationing stamp
corroborer to corroborate,confirm. couchette /. berth. (coupon).
corrompre to corrupt, deprave; bribe. coude m. elbow. coupure /. cut, gash, small banknote.
Corrompre un temoin. To bribe a witness. Coude a coude. Side by side. Coupure de journal. Newspaperclipping.
corrompu adj. corrupt, depraved. Jouer des coudes a travers la foule. Toshoulder Donnez-moi quelques petites coupures, s'il
corruption /. corruption. (elbow) one's way through the crowd. vous plait. Give me somesmall bills,please.
corsage m. bodice, body (of a dress). coudoyer to elbow, rub shoulders with. COUR /. court; courtship; yard.
corset m. corset. eoudre to sew. Cour de justice. Court of justice.
cortege m. procession. Coudre un bouton. To sew a burton on. Faire la cour a une jeune fille.To court a girl.
Cortege nuptial. Weddingprocession. Machine a coudre. Sewing machine. Cour d'un immeuble.Courtyard(ofa building).
Cortege funebre. Funeral procession. ' coulant adj. flowing. COURAGEm. courage.
corvee /. forced labor; dmdgery. Noeud coulant. Slip knot. Perdre courage. To lose heart.
Etre de corvee. To be on duty. II est coulant en affaires. He's very accommo- Prendre son courage a deux mains. To pluck
courageiu 27 . revei

uy i ouragi Ho (oIec twif'i couragi mt<> 1"ut court Hint s all Just that i saws( rainte. Have no fear
OM | rUBldl I >' courte duree. Short lit ed Surveillez-le de crainte qu'il rie sen aille.
On courage!I htti upl Rester court. To st<>)>ihort U nit h him lest he leave.
i %i ouragelulmanquaMilcouragefailedhim < oupei I "nit To put an end to. To cut short. craintif (cnintive f ad} timid, apprehensive.
couragetu(courageuse11od\ louuigeous Kile est toujour* a court d argent She's al cramoisi ad), crimson.
COURAMMENT tartly, fluently,generally u (n/s thori of money crampe /. cramp.
II parte anglaiicourammenln< tpedkt Eng courtier m broker. se cramponner to hold on to, clutch.
lish fluently. courtiser to COUrt Elle se cramponnait a sa mere. She held on to
( e mol I'emploifl (ouramment. This u CM*U III courtois adj courteous. her mother.
inmnl UM courtoisie / courtesy, politeness. cran m. notch, spirit
COURANT noun (m.) rim/ nd/ currant; running. COT SIN "i icousine/.i cousin Cran de surete. Safety-notch.
I hi i ourante. Running lOOtei in germain. lust COUSin II ne le lache pas dun cran (jam.). He won't
Le courant dune riviere. The current of a river. Cousins au second degre Second COUltnt. leave him for a moment.
La monnaie courante. Lega/ tender. coussin m cushion. II a du cran. He has a lot of self-assurance.
J'ai re(,'u votre lettre du vingt courant. / re- COt'T m cost. II manque de cran. He has no spirit
11ii td yourletteroj the20th [ofthismonth). Le cout de la vie The cost of living. crane m. skull, cranium
Donnez-moivos prix courants. Whatare your COUTEAU m. km). II avait le crane fracasse. He had a fractured
prices? May 1 see your list of prices? COCTER to cost. skull.
Courant electrique. Electric current Ceci coute dix francs. 77m costs ten francs. crapeau m toad.
II y a un courant d'air ici. Ihere's a draft here. II me le faut, coute que coute. / must have it craquer to crack.
Dans le courant de la semaine. Some day this at any cost. Faire craquer les doigts. Tocrack one's fingers.
week. Cela ma coute les yeux de la tete. That cost CRAVATE/ He.
Je ne suis au courant de rien. / don't know me a mint of money (a small fortune). Avez-vous une cravate pour aller avec ce cos-
anything about it. Tluitcost me the eyes of the head") tume?you
Do have a tie to go with this
Tenez-moi au courant. Keep me informed. couteux (couteuse/.) adj. costly, expensm suit?
courbature /. stiffness, tiredness. Pen couteux. Inexpensive Rajustez votre cravate. Fix your tie.
Avoir une courbature. To be stiff (aching)all COUTUME /. custom, habit. CRAYON m. pencil.

over. Cette coutume existe encore. 77m custom Vouspouvez ecrire au crayon ou a l'encre. You
courbaturer to tire oneself out. still exists. can write in pencil or ink.
Je me sens tout courbature. I feel stiff all over. J'ai coutume de lire avant d'aller me coucher. creance /. trust, belief; credit.
My whole body aches. I'm in the habit of reading before going Lettres de creance. Credentials.
courbe /. curve, to bed. creancier m. creditor.
courber to bend, curve. Comme de coutume. As usual. createur (creatrice /.) noun and adj. creator,
se courber to bend, stoop. coutumier icoutumiere /.) adj. in the habit of. creative.
COURIR to run. customary. Le Createur. The Creator. God.
Courez vite apres lui. Run after him quickly. couture f. sewing, needlework. Createur dun article. Inventor of an article.
Vous courez un grand risqwe?- Youre running Nous avons ete battus a plate couture. We creation /. crearton.
a great risk. were completely beaten. creature /. creature.
Par le temps qui court. (Par les temps qui couturier m. fcouturiere /.) dressmaker. C'est une bonne creature. He's (she's) a nice
courent.) Nowadays. As things are at couvent m. convent. person.
present. couver to hatch (eggs), brood. creche /. crib; day nursery.
Faire courir un bruit. To spread a rumor. couvercle m. lid, cover. credit m. credit.
couronne /. wreath, crown. couvert m. cot;er, things on the table for a meal. A credit. On credit.
couronnement m. crowning. Sousle couvert de la nuit. Undercoverof night. II achete a credit et vend comptant. He buys
couronner to crown. Mettez le convert pour le diner. Set the dinner on credit and sells for cash.
COURRIER m. mail; column, report (newspaper, table. crediter to credit.
magazine). Oter le couvert. To clear the table. credule adj. credulous, gullible.
Y a-t-il du courrier pour moi? Is there any couverture /. cover; covering;blanket. Ne soyezdone pas aussi credule. Don't believe
mail for me? couvTe-litm. bedspread. everything you're told.
Faites-le-moi savoir par retour du courrier. COUVRIR to cooer. credulite f. credulousness.
Let me know by return mail. Couvrez cette casserole. Coter this pot. CREER to create; establish.
courroie /. strap. Elle a couvert ses plans. She concealed (hid) II s'est cree beaucoup d'ennemis. He made
courrouce adj. angry. her plans. many enemiesfor himself.
courroux m. anger, wrath. Le bmit couvrait ma voix. The noise drowned CREME /. cream.
Etre en courroux. To be angry. out my words. crepe /. crape; pancake.
COURS m. course; flow; currency; rate, price. se couvrir to coter oneself; to be covered. crepiter to crackle.
Cours du soir. Evening courses. Couvrez-vous bien. Dress yourself warmly. crepuscule m. twilight.
En cours de route. While traveling. Se couvrir le visage. To cover (hide) one's face. crete /. crest.
Les cours d'eau navigables. Navigable streams. crabe m. crab. creuser to hollowout; dig; to drill (tooth).
Le cours du marche. Tlie market prices. crachat m. spittle. Se creuser la tete. To rack one's brains.
Cette piece n'a pas cours. 77iiscoin is not legal cracher to s-pif. creux (creuse/.) noun (m.) and adj. hollow.
[is no longer current). Defense de cracher. No spitting. crevaison/. puncture, flat (tire).
II donne libre cours a sa joie. His happiness is C'est son pere tout crache (jam.). He's the crevasse/. crack, split.
unrestrained. spitting image of his father. creve-coeur m. bitter disappointment, heartbreak.
Le cours du change. Rate of exchange. craie /. chalk. crever to burst, break out.
course /. run; race; course. CRAINDRE to fear. Le torrent a creve la digue. 77ieflood burst
Course de chevaux. Horse race. II ne craint personne.He's not afraid of any- the dam.
Faire des courses. To go out shopping. one. Le nuage creva. 77iere was a cloudburst.
Garcon de courses. Errand boy. II n'v a rien a craindre. There is nothing to II en crevera de depit (jam.). He'll he very
COURT adj. short. he afraid of (tofear). disappointed. ("He'll burst with spite.")
Une courte phrase. A short sentence. Je ne crains pas de le dire. I'm not afraid to Cela creve les yeux. Youcan't help noticingit.
Elle a la vue courte. She's nearsighted (short- say so. It stares you in the face.
sighted). CRAINTE/. fear, dread. Le pneu creve. Flat tire.
crevette 28 de

crevette /. shrimp. croyant adj. believing. cuve /. tank, cistern.

CRI m. stream. cru adj. raw; crude. cuvette /. washbasin.
Pousser un cri aigu. To scream. Legumescms. Raw vegetables. cycle m. cycle.
A grands cris. With loud cries. cruaute /. cruelty. cyclisme m. cycling.
Le dernier cri. The latest style. The latest rage. cruche /. pitcher, jug. Faire du cyclisme. To ride a bicycle.
Vie last word. Tant va la cruche a l'eau qua la fin elle se cycliste adj. of cycling.
criard adj. thrill; gaudy. casse. The pitcher goes so often to the well La course cycliste. Bicyclerace.
cribler to riddle with bullets. that at last it breaks. cygne m. swan.
CRIER to cry, scream. cruel (cruelle/.) adj. cruel. cylindre m. cylinder.
Ne criez pas si fort. Don 7 shout so loud! Don't cruellement cruelly, bitterly. cynique m. and f. noun and adj. cynical, cynic.
yell like that! crustaces m. pi shellfish.
II cria: "Au feu, au feu." He cried: "Fire, fire!" cube m. cube.
D The fourth letter of the alphabet.
Sans crier gare. Without a word of warning. cubiste m. cubist (painting).
II criait a tue-tete. He cried (out) at the top cueillir to gather, pick. d' See de.
of his lungs. He screamed (yelled). He cuiller /. (also spelled cuillere) spoon. dada m. hobby.
shouted as loud as possible. duller a soupe. Tablespoon. Chacun a son dada. Everyonehas his fad (pet
Crier misere. To complain of poverty. cuilleree /. spoonful. hobby, pet subject).
crime m. crime. cuir m. leather. daigner to deign, condescend.
criminel (criminelle /.) noun and adj. criminal. En cuir. In, of leather. daim m. buck; buckskin,suede.
crin m. horsehair. CUIRE to cook. dame /. lady.
criniere /. mane (of a horse, lion, etc.). La bonne fait cuire le petit dejeuner dans la Priez la dame d'entrer. Ask the lady to come
crise /. crisis;fit; attack. cuisine. The maid is cookingbreakfast in in.
Crise politique. Politicalcrisis. the kitchen. Elle fait la grande dame. She puts on airs.
Une crise de nerfs. A fit of hysterics. Le pain cuit. The bread is baking. Jeu de dames. Checkers.
crisper to contract, clench. Les yeux me cuisent. My eyes are smarting. DANGER m. danger.
cristal m. (cristauxpi.) crystal. II vous en cuira. You11smart for it. You'11be A l'abri du danger. Safe.
cristalliser to crystallize. sorry for it. You11suffer for it. Courir un danger. To be in danger. To run a
critique m. critic. CUISINE /. kitchen, cuisine. risk.
critique /. criticism. Articles de cuisine. Cookingutensils. Pas de danger (fam.)lNofear! Not very likely!
critique adj. critical, decisive. J'adore la cuisine a la francaise. I'm fond of dangereux (dangereuse/.) adj. dangerous.
Etre dans une situation critique. To be in a (I like) French cooking. danois noun and adj. Danish.
critical situation. Ma mere a d'excellentes recettes de cuisine. DANSin.
critiquer to criticize. My mother has some excellent recipes. Mettez-le dans votre poche. Put it in your
croc m. canine tooth. Livre de cuisine. Cook book. pocket.
crochet m. hook, crochet. Elle fait bien la cuisine. She is a good cook. Portez ce paquet dans ma chambre, s*ilvous
crocheter to crochet. She cookswell. plait. Please take this parcel to my room.
crochu adj. hooked. cuwmer to cook. Ce n'est pas dans mon pouvoir.It's not within
crocodile m. crocodile. cuisinier m. (cuisiniere/.) cook. my power.
CROIRE to believe. cuisiniere/. cookingstove. II est dans son droit. He's within his rights.
Croire en Dieu. To believe in God. cuisse/. thigh. Dans 1 ensemble. On the whole. Everything
Je vous crois! / should say so! cuit adj. cooked. taken together.
C'est a croire. It's credible. It's believable. It's Bien cuit. Well-cooked,well-done (meat). Je reviendrai dans trois jours. /'// come back
something you can believe. cuivre m. copper. in three days.
Moi, je ne le crois pas. / don 't think so. I don t culbute /. somersault. Vouslesaurez dans la joumee. You11have them
believe it. culbuter to turn a somersault; upset. the same day.
Croyez bien. (Croyez-lebien). Depend on it. culinaire adj. culinary. danse /. dance, dancing.
Croyez bien que je suis navre. Believe me, culminant adj. culminating. danser to dance.
I'm terribly sorry. culotte /. breeches. darder to dart, shootforth.
A Ten croire, on pourrait penser qu'il est culte m. worship;cult, creed, religion. DATE /. date.
quelqu'un. Tolisten to him you wouldthink cultivateur m. cultivator;farmer. Sa lettre porte la date du cinq juin. The letter
that he's really somebody. cultive adj. cultured. is dated June the fifth.
se croire to believeoneself, to consideroneself. cultiver to cultivate. Une amitie de vieilledate. Afriendship ofbng
II se croyait tout permis. He thought he could culture /. culture. standing. An old friendship.
do anything. cumulatif (cumulative/.) adj. cumulative. dater to date.
II se croit (un) malin. He thinks he's clever cupide adj. greedy. A dater de ce jour. From today on.
(smart). cupidite /. cupidity, greed. Dater de loin. To be of tong standing.
Cela se croit aisement. That's easy to believe. cure /. treatment, cure. DAVANTAGEmore,further.
croisement m. crossing. cure m. priest. Je n'en dis pas davantage. /'// say no more.
"Croisement dangereux." "Dangerous cross- cure-dents m. toothpick. Je ne resterai pas davantage. / won t stay any
roads. " curer to pick, clean. longer.
croiser to cross. Se curer les ongles. To clean one's nails. Bien davantage. Much more.
Les mots croises.Crosswordpuzzle. curieux (curieuse /.) noun and adj. curious; DE (d\ du, des) of, from.
croisieref. cruise. curious person. De jour en jour. From day to day.
croissance/. growth. Un attroupement de curieux. A crowd of in- Du matin au soir. From morning till night.
croitre to grow; increase. terested spectators. De haut en bas. From top to bottom.
Mauvaise herbe croft toujours. Ill weeds grow II etait curieux de le savoir. He was curious to De mal en pis. From bad to worse.
apace. know it. Un morceau de pain. A piece of bread.
CROIX /. cross. II a une curieuse facon de parler. He has a Ce tableau est de Renoir. 77ii$painting is by
croquer to crunch; sketch. curious way of speaking. Renoir.
croquis m. sketch. curiosite/. curiosity. J'ai change d'avis. / changed my mind.
crouler to shake; give way. Cette visite inopinee piqua sa curiosite. That C'est a vous de jouer. It's your turn to play.
croustillant adj. crisp. unexpected visit excited his curiosity. Avez-vousdu vin? Have you any wine?
croute /. crust. Le curiositesde la ville. Thesightsof the town. de m. thimble; dice.
deba< I. 29

.l<l>.n
lc i (/.>unfoll i oOaptt debut OH the ttt declamation/ >loi ution oratory
drhiillcr to um;mi<
k debutant m beCMWM I Disi ours plein de dei tarnation /<
dehandadc / disbanding, stamped) debuter to / speei h
\ i.i debnndadcin , onfuibm II debute i quatre cents francs par moil He't ilcilamatoiread\ declamatory,higfl>'
debarquemcnt m landing, ilisembarktmnt starting at fOUthundred jrams a month declamer to del UHtn
Outi |k drlurqiirinrnt Wnr<i/platform decadence f decadence, -'• declaration f declaration, proclamation
debarquer to '»"</. unload drcamper to da amp. null Dei taxation de tr"'rr'' Declaration of uar
deharriLs n riddoiu I decapotahle / COHOtrHbk Dei laration en douane ' midon
Boo debamil Good riddaneel decede m a detected perton declarer to declare, state
debanasser (0 n</. CHMf n/>. -/mr o to/>/i decede ad) deceated lUi guerre tut (lr<lar'->- War n as declared
|'en lllil t'nfindrharrassc At last I'm nil oj \t deceder to </>< II dr< lara ses intentions He made hk intentions
Debarrassez la table Clear tin- table DECEMBRE m Daetmbm knou n
se dcbanasser to get nd of, shul decemment decrntlu \\i/ you quelfjiie (hosr a '!'•< larer' Han you
Je nc puis me debarrasser de tui. / Cflfi'l get decence f decency, modesty am/thing to declare nt the CUttOmi '
ml <>/hiffl II n'a aticune decent I lb lui^ no modetty declenchement m starting
debairer to unfcor, un«i/> leni 0/ camera). decent ad] decent. modest, proper % hement
i( dune attaque iMunching nf
debat m debate deception / deception, disappointment an attack
debattre to debate, discuss II a eprouve une cnielle deception /// met declencher to start, launth
se debattre to struggli uith a sad disuppointnu-nt Declencher les hostilites To open hostilities
debit m, (tetsti) rton deces m ilci cilsi , death declencheur m shw
Debit de talui ' decevoir to deceit t, dieappotni declin m, decline, derail
D^bit de vin. HW s/wp. Cet aboutissement inattendu la decu That declinaison f decimation. dc< tension
dehiter to tell retail; debit unexpected outcome result disappointed decliner to decline, r
Veuillezen debiter mon compte. Pleasecharge him. decoiffe ad\ dishevelled hair
it to "iiy account. dechainement m breaking loose, outburst decoller to loosen, disengage.
deblayer to clear away dechainer to unchain, let loose. II ne decolle pas fam He u on t budge from
deboire m dtiappoinfmfnf. failure. II est dechaine fam \othing wilt Mophim here
\w>ir des deboires To metl i< ith failure decharge f unloading, relief. <mtlet decollete ad] cut lou in the neck of a drc<
II a eu des deboires dans la vie He s had his A la decharge de l'accuse. In favor of the decolorer to fade, discolor
disappointments in life. defendant. decombres m pi debris, rubbish
deboiter to dislocate. decharger to unload, relu decommander to cancel, countermand
II s'est deboite lepaule en tombant. He fell Decharger sa conscience To relieve one's con- Decommanderune reunion. Tocancel a meet-
and dislocated his shoulder science. ing
debonnaire adj. meek, mild decheance f. fall, downfall decomposer to decompose,decay.
II est debonnaire. He's good-natured. dechet m. waste, refuse. decompte m deduction.
debordant adj. overflowing. Dechets de viande Meat scraps Faire le decompte. Tomakea deductionfrom a
Debordant de sante. Bursting with health. dechiffrer to decipher sum to be paid
Joie debordante. Bubblingover with joy. Je ne sais pas dechiffrer cette lettre / can'f deconcerte adj disconcerted.
debordement m. overflow,flood. read this letter II eut lair deconcerte. He looked abashed put
deborder to overflow. deehiqueter to cut, tear. out, baffled'.
Plein a deborder. Full to overflowing. deehirement m tearing. deconcerter to disconcert, baffle
II deborde de vie. He's full of vitality. Deehirement de coeur. Heartbreak. Cette reponse le deconcerta. Theanswer upset
Je suis deborde de travail. I'm swamped with dechirer to tear. him took him aback, put him out of coun-
work. Ma jupe est dechiree. My skirt is torn. tenance, disconcerted
him .
deboucher to uncork. II est dechire par le remords. He's torn with deconfire to put out of countenance.
debourser to pay out {money),spend. remorse. deconfit adj. crestfallen.
Sansrien debourser.Withoutspendinga penny. dechirure /. tear, rip. deconseiller to advise against.
DEBOUT upright, standing. dechoir to fall. Je vous deconseille de la faire. / advise you
Se mettre debout. To stand up. Sa popularity dechoit. His popularity is falling against doing it.
Allons, debout! Come on, get up! off. decontenance adj. confused, abashed.
II dormait debout. He couldn't keep his eyes dechu adj. fallen. decontenancer to put out of countenance, abash.
open. He was asleep on his feet. decide adj. resolute, determined. II ne s'est pas decontenance. He wasn't put out
II n'est pas encore debout. He's not up yet. Chose decidee. Settled matter. of countenance. He didn't lose his self-
Une histoire a dormir debout. A dull tale. C'est un homme tres decide. He's very assurance.
Cela ne tient pas debout. It's preposterous. resolute. deconvenue f. disappointment.
deboutonner to unbutton. decidement decidedly. Quelle deconvenue! What a disappointment'
debraille adj. untidy, slovenly. Decidement. je n'ai pas de chance. / really decor m. decorations, show, setting, scenery.
debrayer to change gear. haven't any luck. Changement de decor. Change of scenery.
debris m. pi. debris. DECIDER to decide. Tout cela n'est qu'une facade pour le decor.
Debris dun naufrage. Remains of a wreck. Voila qui decide tout! 77iaf settles it! All that's nothing but window-dressing.
debrouillard m. a resourcefulperson. Qu'avez-vous decide? What have you decided:1 All that's nothing but show.
debrouillard adj. resourceful. Je suis decide a le faire. I'm determined to do it. decoratif decorative f. adj. decorative, orna-
se debrouiller to manage, get along. SE DECIDER to make up one's mind, resolve, mental.
Je me debrouille tant bien que mal. / man- be decided. decoration /. decoration, medal.
age (get
along) as best I can. II a fini par se decider. He finally made up decorer to decorate; confer an honor on.
II sait se debrouiller. 1. He can take care of his mind. Decorer une chambre. To decorate a room.
himself. He can stand on his own two feet. II est long a se decider. He is slow in making II a ete decore. He received a decoration.
2. He knows his way around. He knows how decisions. It takes him a long time to decide. decouper to slice, carve.
to get out of difficulties. decimal (decimaux p/.i adj. decimal. Decouper de la viande. To slice meat.
debut m. start, beginning, debut. decisif (decisive f.) adj. decisive. Decouper un article dans le journal. To cut
II nest pas a son debut. He's not a beginner. Au moment decisif. At the crucial moment. out an article in a newspaper.
He's no novice. Argument decisif. Decisive argument. Decouper une volaille. To carve a fowl.
Elle a fait ses debuts au theatre. She made her decision /. decision. decouragement m. discouragement.
decourager 30 dela

decourager to discourage. II faut vous defaire de cette habitude. You definir to define,describe.
II ma decourage de le faire. He discouraged must get out of that habit. C'est difficilea definer. Us hard to define.
me from doing it. II ne veut pas sen defaire. He won t part with it definitif definitive/.) adj. definitive,final.
se decourager to be disheartened. Je n'ai pu me defaire de lui. / couldn t get rid Resultat definitif. Final result.
II n'est pas homme a se decourager. He's not of him. En definitive.In short.
a man to lose courage easily. He's not the defait adj. undone, loose, discomposed. definition/. definition.
sort of person to get discouraged easily. II avait le visage defait. His face was drawn. Quelle est la definitionde ce mot? What's the
decousu adj. unsewn, disconnected. Elle avait les cheveux defaits. Her hair was definitionof this word?
Une conversation decousue. A rambling con- disheveled. definitivementdefinitely,finally.
versation. defaite f. defeat, excuse. Elle est partie definitivement.Sheleftfor good.
decouvert (m.) noun and adj. uncovered, brought Essuyerune defaite. To suffer a defeat. deformer to deform, put out of shape.
to light. C'est une mauvaisedefaite. It's a poor excuse. defraichi adj. soiled,faded.
Mettre quelque chose a decouvert. Touncover DEFAUT m. defect, fault, deficiency. Des fleurs defraichies.Faded flowers.
something.To bring somethingto light. C'est la son moindre defaut. That's the least se defraichir to fade.
Avoir la tete decouverte. To be bareheaded. of his (her)faults. defunt m. deceased.
decouverte/. discovery. Sa memoirelui fait souventdefaut. Hismemory degage adj. easy, free, offhand, flippant.
DfiCOlVRIR to discover. often fails him. Dun air degage. /n an offhand manner.
decrepit adj. decrepit. A defaut de mieux. For want of something degager to redeem, release,clear.
decrepitude /. decrepitude,decay. better. Je l'ai degage de sa parole. / released him
decret m. decree, order. defaveur/. disfavor, discredit. from his promise.
decreter to decree, issue. Tomber en defaveur. Tofall out of favor. se degager to free oneself, break loose.
decrier to disparage, discredit. defavorableadj. unfavorable. Se degager dime promesse. To get out of a
DfiCRIRE to describe. Des conditionsdefavorables.Unfavorablecon- promise.
decrocher to unhook, take off, lift [telephonere- ditions. Enfin la verite se degage. At last the truth is
ceiver). defectueux {defectueuse/.)adj. defective,faulty. comingout.
decroitre to decrease. DEFENDRE to defend, protect,forbid. degat m. damage, devastation.
Aller en decroissant. To keep decreasing. Defendre sa patrie. To defend one's country. degel m. thaw.
dedaigner to disdain, scorn. II sait defendre son opinion. He can hold his degeler to thaw.
dedaigneux dedaigneuse/. ) adj. disdainful. own. degenere noun and adj. degenerate.
II fait le dedaigneux.He turns up his nose. C'est defendu. That's not allowed. That'sfor- degouliner to trickle.
dedain m. disdain, scorn. bidden. degout m. disgust, loathing.
Avec dedain. Scornfully. Je vous le defends bien. / forbid you to do it. degoutant adj. disgusting.
DEDANS inside, within. se defendre to defend oneself. degouter to disgust.
Au dehors et au dedans. Outside and inside. II est homme a se defendre. He's the kind of Elle en est degoutee. She's disgusted by it.
Je l'ai mis la-dedans. / put it in there. man who fights hack. She's sick of it.
II a tente de me mettre dedans. He tried to Ne vous en faites pas pour lui. il saura se degrader to degrade, lower.
get the better of me. defendre. Don't worry about him; he can degraissagem. dry) cleaning.
dedicacer to dedicate; autograph. take care of himself. degraisserto removethe fat.
dedier to dedicate. II n'a pas pu sen defendre. He couldn 't resist Faire degraisser.To have [something)cleaned.
se dedire to take back. the temptation. degre m. degree, extent.
II s'est dedit de sa promesse. He broke his DEFENSE f. fortification; prohibition. degringoler to fall tumble down.
promise. Les defenses de la ville. The fortificationsof II degringolaen bas des escaliers.He tumbled
Je ne puis men dedire. / can't go back on my the city. [came tumblingi down the stairs.
word. Defense de marcher sur le gazon. Keep off the deguenille adj. ragged, tattered.
dedommagementm. indemnity, compensation. grass. deguisement m. disguise,fancy dress.
dedommagerto indemnify, compensate. Une defense absolue. A strict prohibition. se deguiserto disguiseoneself,put on fancy dress.
deduction f deduction, inference. Defense de stationner ici. So loitering. So deguster to taste, sample.
Faire une deduction. 1. To deduct. 2. To de- parking. dehors m. appearance, exterior.
duce.
infer.
To Defensede fumer. No smoking. Personne aux dehors aimables. Person who
Pouvez-vous me faire une deduction? Can you Defense d'afficher.Post no bills. makes a nice appearance.
give me a discount? Can you let me have Defensed'entrer. So admittance. Sousdes dehors trompeurs. Underfalse cotors.
it a little cheaper. defenseur m. protector,defender; supporter. Sot to be what one pretends to be. ("Under
deduire to deduce, infer, deduct. defensif ^defensive/.) adj. defensive. deceitful appearances.")
defaillance f. failing, failure. defensive/. defensive. DEHORS outside, out, out of doors.
Moment de defaillance. Weak moment. Se tenir sur la defensive.Tvbe on the defensive. II fait froid dehors. It's cold out.
Sans defaillance. L'n/Jinc/iing.Withoutflinch- deference f. deference, respect. Mettre quelqu'un dehors. To throw \put) some-
ing. deferer to submit, refer. one out.
defaillant adj. failing, faltering. defi m. challenge. Ne pas \e pencher au dehors. Do not lean out
Defaillant de fatigue. Dropping with fatigue. Jeter un defia quelqif un. Tochallengesomeone. of the window.
Memoiredefaillante. Faltering memory. Relever un defi. To take up a challenge. En dehors de la maison. Outside the house.
defaillir to becomeweak, lose strength. En defi de quelque chose. In defiance of some- Au dehors de ce pays. Outside this country.
Ses forces commencent a defaillir. His strength thing. DEJA already.
is beginning to fail. defiance /. distrust, suspicion. II est deja la. He s already there.
Sans defaillir. Withoutflinching. deficit m. deficit. Je l'ai deja vu. I've seen him before.
Elle se sentait prete a defaillir. Shefelt about defier to defy. DEJEUNER m. lunch.
to faint. se defier to distrust, be distrustful. Oil prend-il son dejeuner? Where does he eat
defaire to defeat; undo. Se defier de quelqu'un. To distrust someone. lunch?
L'ennemi a ete defait. The enemy was beaten defile m. defile, gorge, mountain pass; marching DEJEUNER to liave lunch.
{defeated). past; paraile, procession. Je n'ai qu'une demi-heure pour dejeuner. /
II defait tout ce que je fais. He undoes all that Defile de mannequins. Fashion show. have only lialf an hour for lunch.
I do. defiler to march past, parade. DELA beyond.
Defaire les bagages. To unpack the bags. Les troupes defilerent. The troopsparaded. Au dela. Farther. Beyond.
se defaire to get rid of. defini adj. definite. C'est aller au dela de mes desirs. It's more
,l.-|,l„r 31 dentifte

th<\i\I hcptd for demarche / gait. milk, pro< ceding, step demonte ad] dismounted, upiet. raging
I'.ll llll.l Irs Mills /(. l/r'fll/ thi Mil'. (Ml 'Ifni.m In | /% toid le demonter to <omr apart, he flfwdWo
d^Uhr^ ad] shattered. , rumbling demaner to sUirt. M machine se demonte fanlrment This
-,ti- Ml bi« ili'l.iI'M-r Hrr health has he ti'iir M w-ul pas BMMVIW Ihe motor nuuhme i an he taken apart ( irmes apart,
% pttdu impatml ii Qft'j start COThi ihsriuintlrd <au/t/
DELAI m delay, DOltpOIHm til fixed time II n en demarrera pas He won't Mid II ne se demonte pas bcftemenl He't not
Sans clrlai U ithoul delau his potitkm alter his stand, change his . upset
D.mvl<-plus brd 'I'-I.n \\ toon a paM&te mind demontrer to dt mon
delaisser (<%forsake, abandon demarreur in Hark I demoralise ad] demoralized.
deiassement m rrvf. rfMttflOH demasquer to unmask demoralizer to demoralize
I a p|i In-Ml mon deiassementpr^f^r*4ln'mii; demele m dispute quarrel demordre to Ml go. give up.
b my fmonfr nmfimr Uoir ili-s dx i juftil '• I II n'en demordra pas Hun iota He won't hark
se deiasser to AMM against the lau down an inch
delegation f «/(UHftofl demeler to unraiel disinlanglr denaturer to distort, misrepresent
dclcguc m delegate, repmentattot Demeler un malentendu To clear up a mis denicher to find out. discover.
deleguer (o delegate underst/mding Ou a-t-il deniche cell fam F WTieredid he
deliberation / deliberation demenagement m m find that out? Where did he ferret that out'J
ddiWrement deliberately, intentionally ( rn- voiture il«-(li'inrii.i'ji-inrrit Kmoving van Where did he unearth thatJ
d^liWrer f*>deltberati Troisdenieiiaurinrntsvalentunincendif Three denier to deny
dflicat ad/ delicate %.d.s an as had as n fire Denier toute responsabilite To disclaim all
I He situation delicate \ deluate situation demenager to MOO, cfan| responsibility
delicatessc/ delicacy,refinement Nom avoas demenage hier Wt MMed yester- denigrer to disparage, speak ill of
II manque de dtilCMMM lb Mlfa refinement day II dentgre tout le monde He speaks ill of
delices m pi, delight, ptoolMl se demener to strug^li . ttrivt everyone iknocks, disparages, runs everyone
delicieux (delideuN | "<// drftdoui; delightful Se demener pour reussir To strive hard to down
delier to unfie. denommer to denominate, name
delirant (id; delirious, frantic dementi m lie. denial denoncer to denounce, tell on.
delire m delirium Donner un dementi. To deny, to refute denonciation / denunciation.
delirer to Mi (iY/inou.v dementir to gn e the lie to, contradict, belie denoter to denote, indicate, point out
delit m. offense. Ses actions dementent ses paroles His actions Pouvez-vous denoter la difference' Can you
II hit pris en flagrant delit He ttas raughf in hehr his words tell 'indicate, point ouU the difference?
fhe act He was caught red-handed. demeure f dwelling, residence Cela denote de I'ignorance That shows (re-
deli\Tance /. deliverance, release. II v a etabli sa demeure He established resi- veals) ignorance.
deliver to free, release. dence there denouement m outcome,ending (play).
Les prisonniers furent d£livres. The prisoners II hit evince de sa demeure. He was ended denouer to unfie, toosen.
were released. from his home. D^nouer une intrigue. To untangle a plot.
Delivrer une marchandise. To deliver goods DEMEURER to Ih* reside se denouer to be cleared up, be unraveled, be
deloval (deloyauxpi.) adj. unfaithful, disloyal. Je ne sais pas au juste ou il demeure. / don't settled.
deluge m. deluge. know exactly where he lives L'affaire se denouera en justice. The affair
"Apr£s nous le deluge." When we are gone L'affairen'en demeurera pas la. 77»eaffairwon't will be settled ("cleared up) in court.
come what may. {"After us, the deluge,**) stop there The matter won't rest there. denre* / ware, food.
DEMAIN tomorrow. S'il en etait demeure la. // he had stopped Denrees alimentaires. Food products.
Au revoir, a demain. See you tomorrow. ("Good- there. If he hadn't gone any further. Denrees coloniales.Colonial products.
by until tomorrow" DEMI half. dense adj. dense, compact, thick.
Demain matin. Tomorrowmorning. II est une heure et demie. It is half-past one. densite /. density.
DEMANDE f. request, application. Ne faire les choses qua demi. To do things DENT /. tooth.
J'espere qu'on fera droit a ma demande. / halfway [by halves.^To leave things half J'ai mal aux dents. My teeth hurt.
hope my request will be granted. done. Les dents de lait. Milk teeth.
Sur demande. On request. II ne fait que des demi-joumees. He works L'enfant fait ses dents. The child is cutting his
DEMANDER to ask. only half a day. teeth.
On vous demande au telephone. You 're wanted Faire demi-tour. To turn around. Une dent cariee. A decayed tooth.
on the telephone. Un demi blonde. A half-liter of light beer. Arme jusqu'aux dents. Armed to the teeth.
Quand vous la verrez, demandez-lui de nous Une demi-douzaine de. Half a dozen of. N'avoir rien a se mettre sous la dent. To have
ecrire. When you see her, ask her to write demission/. resignation. nothing to eat.
to us. II donne sa demission.He's resigning. II a une dent contre lui. He has a grudge against
Vous men demandez trop! That's asking too A-t-il offert sa demission5Has he handed in him.
much of me! Youexpecttoo muchfrom me! his resignation' Rire a belles dents. To laugh heartily.
L'affaire demande a etre exlaireie. 77ie affair demissionner to resign. II n'a pas desserre les dents. He didn't say a
needs to be cleared up. demobiliser to demobilize. word. He didn 't open his mouth.
Je vous demande un peu! / ask you! Did you democratic /. democracy. II est sur les dents. He's on the alert. He
ever! demode adj. old-fashioned,out of style. doesn't know what to do first.
Demander un conseil. To ask for advice. Cette robe est demoded. This dress is out of Cela fait grincer les dents. It's enough to make
On ne demande pas mieux. One couldn't ask style. yougrind yourteeth (setyourteethon edge).
for anything better. demoiselle/ young lady, miss. II ment comme un arracheur de dents (Jam.).
se demander to wonder. Demoiselle d'honneur. Bridesmaid. He's a great liar.
demangeaison/. itch. demolir to demolish. II parle entre ses dents. He mumbles. ("He
demanger to itch. La maison a ete demolie. TTiehouse was de- speaks between his teeth.")
Sa langue lui demange (Jam.). He's itching to molished
down).
\tom dentelle /. lace.
speak. demon m. devil, imp. dentifrice noun (m.) and adj. dentrifice.
se demaquiller to removemakeup. demonetiser to call in (of money). La pate dentifrice. Toothpaste.
La creme a demaquiller.Coldcream,cleansing demonstratif (demonstrative/.) adj. demonstrative. La poudre dentifrice. Toothpowder.
cream. demonstration /. demonstration, exhibition. L'eau dentifrice. Mouthwash.
demarcation/. demarcation. Faire une demonstration. To demonstrate. dentiste m. and f. dentist.
denue 32 descendre

denue adj. destitute; devoid. all due respect to you. C'est du demier ridicule. TTiar'sutterly ridicu-
Denue d'interet. Devoidof interest.Completely deplier to unfold. lous.
lacking in interest. deplorable adj. deplorable, lamentable. II est toujours au courant des dernieres nou-
denuement m. extreme poverty. deplorer to deplore, lament. velles. He always knows the latest news.
Etre dans le denuement. To be in want. deployer to display, spend, exhibit. He s always informedabout the latest news.
depareille adj. odd, unmatched. deposer to put down. C'est de la derniere imprudence.Sothingcould
depart m. departure. Deposezla valiseici.Put thesuitcasedownhere. be more imprudent.
I'n depart inopine. Sudden [unexpected de- lis ont depose les armes. They'vesurrendered. Etre du demier bien avec quelqu'un. Tobe on
parture. They've laid down their arms. the very best terms with someone.
Quelle est l'heure de depart du train0 When depositaire m. depository,trustee. II veut toujours avoir le demier mot. He must
does the train leave? depossederto dispossess,oust. always have the last word.
Point de depart. Starringpoint. depot m. deposit, depot. Voila le demier cri. TTiar's the latest rage.
departement m. department. In depot d'autobus. A bus terminal. Mon petit demier. My youngest child.
depasser to surpass, go beyond, overtake. En depot. In custody. In safekeeping. Le demier. 77ie latter.
fa depassemesmovens.It's beyondmy means. depouiller to deprive, strip. L'annee derniere. Last year.
I can t afford it. Depouillerquelqu'un de ses droits. Todeprive dernierement lately.
Ce travail depasse mes forces. This work it too someoneof his rights. derober to steal, make away with; hide.
much for me {"beyondmy strength"). Depouiller le courrier. To open the mail. On lui a derobe son argent. His money has been
fa me depasse! That's beyond me! That beats depourvu adj. bereft, devoid of. stolen.
me'. That's too much for me! Depourvu d'argent. Shortof cash. se derober to escape, steal away, shun.
depayse adj. out of one's element, out of place. Etre pris au depourvu. To be taken unaware. Se derober a ses creanciers. To avoid one's
II se sent tout depayse. He feels out of place. deprime adj. depressed. creditors.
depeche /. telegram. Se sentir deprime. Tofeel depressed. se derouler to unroll, unfold.
Envoyer une depeche. Tosend a telegram. DEPUIS since. deroute /. rout.
se depecher to hasten, hurry. J'y habite depuis vingt ans. I've lived there derriere m. back, rear.
Depechez-vous.Hurry up. twenty years. Les derrieres dune armee. 77ie rear of an
II faut qu'il se depeche. He has to hurry. He'd Vous avez engraissedepuis un an. You'veput army.
better hurry up. on weight in this last year. DERRIERE behind, back.
depeindre to depict, describe. Mon bail est expire depuis hier. My lease ex- II a certainement quelque chose derriere la
dependance /. dependence. pired yesterday. tete. He certainlyhas somethingin the back
Etre sous la dependance de quelqu'un. To be Depuis lors. Since that time. of his mind.
under someones domination. Depuis quand m'attendez-vous?— Peut-etre Je l'ai laissebien loin derriere moi. / left him
dependre to depend, be dependent. depuis dix minutes. How long have you quite, very)far behind me.
Tout dependdes circonstances.Everythingde- been waitingfor me?—About ten minutes. DES from.
pends
the oncircumstances. "Probablysince ten minutes.") Des a present. Henceforth.
Cela ne depend pas de nous. That's not up to depute m. deputy, delegate. Des son retour. On his return.
us. That doesn't depend on us. deracine adj. uprooted. Des qu'il le saura. As soon as he knows learns
Cela depend. That depends. Se sentir deracine. To feel like a fish out of it.
depens m. costs, expense. water. Des lors. Ever since.
A ses frais et depens. At his own expense. derailler to be derailed; talk nonsense (fam.). disaccord m. disagreement, clash.
Apprendre a ses depens. Tolearn to one's cost. deraisonnable adj. unreasonable. lis sont toujours en disaccord. They always
depense f. expense. derangement m. disturbance, trouble. disagree.
Faire des depenses. To incur expenses. Causer du derangement a quelqu'un. To dis- desagreableadj. disagreeable,unpleasant.
Regarder a la depense. To be thrifty. turb someone. Nouvelle desagreable. Unwelcome news.
DEPENSER to spend. deranger to disturb, inconvenience. Personnedesagreable. Unpleasantperson.
Nous avons depense en tout a peine vingt Si cela ne vous derange pas. // it doesn't in- desapprouverto disapprove.
francs.Altogetherwe spent lessthan twenty convenience you. desarmement m. disarmament, disarming.
francs. Cela derange tous mes plans. That upsets desarmer to disarm.
II depense au-dela de ses revenus.He livesbe- {spoils)all my plans. desaiToim. disorder,confusion.
yondm^an.s.
his He spends more than he II ne derangejamaispersonne.He neverbothers Mettre tout en desarroi. To turn everything
makes. anyone. upside down.
se depenser to exert oneself, not to spare oneself. se deranger to inconvenience oneself, take the desastre m. disaster.
depensier depensiere/. ) adj. extravagant,spend- trouble. desastreux desastreuse/. i adj. disastrous.
thrift. Ne vous derangez pas. Don't trouble. Don't desavantage m. disadvantage,drawback.
deperir to waste away, decay. bother. Avoirle desavantage.Tobe at a disadvantage.
se depeupler to becomedepopulated. deraper to skid. A son desavantage.To his (herxdisadvantage.
depit m. spite, resentment. deregle adj. out of order. desavantageux desavantageuse/. i adj. disadvan-
Masquer son depit. To conceal one's resent- se derider to cheer up. tageous.
ment. derision f. mockery. se desavouer to retract, go back on one's word.
Par depit. Throughspite. Out of spite. Quelle derision! What a mockery! descendant m descendant.
II a agi en depit du bon sens. He acted con- derisoire adj. derisive, ridiculous. DESCENDRE to descend, go down.
trary
goodto sense. He didn 't use common Vendre quelque chose a un prix derisoire. To Lorsque vous descendrez, regardez s'il y a du
sell somethingat a ridiculouslylow price. courrier. When you go downstairs, see if
sense.
depiter to vex, upset. derive /. drift. there is any mail.
Je suis fort depite. I'm very much annoyed. Aller a la derive. To drift. Combien de marches il y a-t-il a descendre0
se depiter to take offense,be annoyed. deliver to derive. How many steps are there to go down?
deplacement m. displacement,traveling. Ce mot derive du latin. 77m word is derived Envoyez-moiquelqu'un pour descendre mes
deplace adj. out of place, misplaced. from Latin. valises. Send someone to carry down my
deplacer to displace, shift, move. DERNIER derniere/.* adj. last, noun m. and f. bags.
se deplacer to change one's place, moveabout. youngest child, the last one; the latter. A quel arret dois-jedescendre?At what stop
deplaire to displease, be unpleasant. C'est mon dernier souci. 77ia/'s the least of my (bus, streetcar)do I get off?
Cela me deplait. / dislikethat. I don't likethat. worries. ("That's my last worry.") A quel hotel etes-vousdescendu?At what hotel
Ne vous en deplaise. Xo offense meant. With C'est sa derniere carte. It's his last card. are you stopping?
iIi-m ente 33 (U-m

Tout lc moode descend! \// off boat stoi>' desolerto ravage,devastate se destiner to intend to enter a prnf'ssum
Ml . '. desordonne ad\ disorderly II se destine a la medecine He Intendi U>he
descentr f \/.>;>i. de* tnt desordre m thsordrr a il
Unadeacenteraptde \ rtii p ifojM Sons trouvames tout en deaordre M destitue ad\ deprivedof, lacking
I ton >nte de polite. Po/io- mid tu nfihinji in disorder topsy fun 7 destruction / ihstru
descriptif deMriptive /.) adj desi n;>fii. tlesorganise ml] disorganized desunion / ditunhm, distension
description f dttCtipHon desoriente <id\ hiu flatted detache ad\ loott, indifferent, detaehed
desempare^ud\ httpltu, m dlttntt dteattatla henceforth, from nou on. Dun air d&ache In a 1usual manner.
d^sequilibre at// ouf of Da/ana-, desseche ad] dry detachement m indifferent?, detachment
desert m dfMfl dessein m design, tchtme, mm detacher to loosen, untie, detach
desert (iilj defatted \ dcMeill Intentionally Designedly se detacher to get loose, be separated, stand >m
L'endroit etait desert. 77icplate was deserted devserer to / Se detacher sur I'honzon. To stand out against
deserter (o desert, abandon dessert m detttrt tin horizon
deserteur m, deserter desservir to tent; cleat the table). DETAIL m. detail, retail
desesperi adj. desperate. dessin m droit ing. sketch. Vendre au detail. To sell retail.
desesperer to despair, pat up Dnrill Utivut \mmuted (iirtoon. Prix de detail. Retail price.
\e d^sesperez pas. Don't gite up. Dont lose dessiner to drau Donner tousles details To gne full partu ulars
courage. se dessiner to stand out. be outlined detaille ad] detailed
desespoir m. despair, grief, hopelessn. Ma prajets k deslnenl \/i/ plant art taking Un compte-rendu detai!le\ A detailed account.
]e suis au desespoir I'm in despair. shape. detailler to detail, enumerate
Coup de desespoir. Act of despair devsousm. /otter part, bottom. deteindre to fade, lose color.
En desespoir de cause As a last resort. In dessous de bouteille A coaster D^teindre au lavage.Torun {jade)in the wash.
se deshabiller to undress Avoir le dessous. To have get the worst of it. se detendre to relax, loosen.
se deshabituer to break oneself of a habit To be defeated. detente / relaxation, loosening.
desheriter to disinherit. Le pauvre. il a eu le dessous. The poor fellow detention /. holding, detention
deshonnete adj. improper, immodest. got the worst of it was defeated deteriorer to spot/,
deshonneur m. dishonor, disgrace. II y a la un dessous que nous ne comprenons determination /. determination.
deshonorant adj. dishonorable,shameful. pas. There s something some mystery j about determine ad\ determined,definite, resolute.
deshonorer to dishonor, disgrace. it which we don't understand determiner to determine
designer to designate, point out. En dessous. Below, next smaller sizr Je suis determine a faire cela. I'm determined
Designer quelque chose du doigt. To point at DESSOUS under, below. to do it.
something. Regardez en-dessous de la chaise. Look under detestable adj. detestable, hateful.
disillusion f. disillusion. the chair detester to hate.
desillusionner to disillusion. C'est la, en-dessous. It's there below. II le deteste. He hates him
desinteresse adj. disinterested; unselfish. C est au-dessous de moi It's beneath me. It's detour m. deviation, tum.
se desinteresser to lose one's interest in. beneath my dignity. La route fait un brusque detour. 77ie road makes
desinvolte adj. easy, unconstrained, unembar- II y a quelque chose la-dessous.There'ssome- a sharp turn
rassed. thing behind
it. Faire un detour. To make a detour.
desinvolture /. uncoasrrainf, ease. dessus m. top. detoumer to diterf, atert.
desir m. desire, wish. Le dessusde lit. Bedspread. Detoumer l'attention de quelqu'un. To divert
desirable adj. desirable. Le dessus de la main. 77je back of the hand. someone'sattention.
DESIRER to desire, wish. Le dessus du panier. The cream pick) of the Detoumer les soup^ons. To avert suspicion.
Je desire vous voir. I'd like to see you. crop. detraque adj. out of order.
Que desirez-vousde plus? VvTtafelse would II a gagne le dessus. He won the upper hand. Ma montre est detraquee. My watch is out of
you like? What do you want besides? DESSUS on, over, above, on top. order.
Je desire recommander ma lettre. I'd like to Le livre se trouve au-dessus de l'etagere. The II est un peu detraque {Jam.).He's a little
have my letter registered. book's on top of the bookshelf. unbalanced crazy).
Cela laisse a desirer. It's not quite satisfac- Qui habite a l'etage du dessus?Who lives on detraquer to put out of order, spoil, ruin.
tory. leaves
That somethingto be desired. the floor above? detresse/. distress,affliction.
Je n'ai plus rien a desirer. / can't (couldn't^ II y a beaucoup a dire la-dessus. A lot can be Navire en detresse. Ship in distress.
wish for anything else. I've nothing left to said about that. There's a good deal to say Sa detresse fait pitie a voir. Her his- plight is
wish for. {to be said^ about that. pitiful.
Elle se fait desirer. She keeps people waiting. lis vont bras dessus, bras dessous. They're detriment m. detriment.
Madamedesire?What would you like,madam? walking arm in arm. II l'a appris a sondetriment. Hefound it out to
Qu'est-ce que vous desirez? May I help you? II est en dette par-dessus la tete. He is up to his cost.
What would you like^ What can I do for his neck in debt. detruire to destroy.
you? Cette nouvelle la mis sens dessusdessous. The DETTE / debt.
desireux desireuse/.) adj. desirous. news upset him. He was bowled over by II a pave les dettes les plus criardes. He paid
II est desireuxde plaire. He's anxiousto please. the news. the most pressing debts.
se desister to relinquish a right, waive a claim, II a mis le doigt dessus. He put his finger on it. II ma remis une reconnaissance de dette. He
withdraw a legalaction or one's candidacy He hit the nail on the head. gave me an l.O.U.
Se desister dune demande. To waive a claim. destin m. fate, destiny. deuil m. mourning, grief.
Sedesisterd'une promesse.Tobreaka promise. destinataire m. addressee, recipient. Prendre le deuil. To go into mourning.
Sot to keep a promise. destination /. destination. Porter le deuil. To be in mourning.
desobeir to disobey. Arriver a destination. To arrive at a destination. DEUX noun and adj. two.
desobeissance/. disobedience. Trains a destination de Toulouse. Trains to II est deux heures et quart. It is a quarter past
desobligeance/. unkindness,disagreeableness. Toulouse. two.
desobligerto offend. destinee /. destiny. Les enfants etaient tous deux fatigues. Both
desoeuvreadj. unoccupied,idle. destiner to destine, intend. children were tired.
desolation/. desolation,grief. II est destine a devenir celebre. He's destined Voici le fait en deux mots. Briefly, the matter
desole adj. desolate;very sorry. to becomefamous. is this. This is the matter in a nutshell
Je suis desole. I'm very sorry. Ceci vous etait destine. 77m was meant for ("in two words").
Je suis desole de l'entendre. I'm sorry to hear it. lis se ressemblent comme deux gouttes d'eau.
you.
deuxieme 34
directeur

They're as alike as two peas in a pod ("as DEVOIR to owe; have to; must. it. I think he deservesit.
two drops of water"). II me doit beaucoup d'argent. He owes me a Cela est bien digne de lui. That's just likehim.
II l'a vu de ses deux yeux. He saw it with his lot of money. dignite f. dignity.
own ("two") eyes. Je crois devoir rentrer a la maison. / believe digression/. digression.
Cette classe a lieu un jeudi sur deux. This ill have to go home. dilapider to waste, squander.
class meets on alternate Thursdays. II doit y avoir quelqu'un. Someonemust be dilater to dilate, expand.
II est entre deux ages. He's middle-aged. there. dilemme m. dilemma.
Elle regarde a deux sous. She thinks twice be- II devait lui ecrire. He was supposed to write diligence/. diligence,application.
fore spending
anything.Shepinchespennies to him. Faire diligence. To hurry.
(is penny-pinching). II devrait lui ecrire. He ought to write to him. diligent adj. diligent, industrious.
A deux pas d'ici. Right near here, nearby, very Tout doit finir. Everything is bound to come to diluer to dilute.
close by. an end. DIMANCHE m. Sunday.
(Tous)les deux. Both (of them, of us). Nous devons le faire. We must do it. Le(s) dimanche(s).On Sundays.
Toutes les deux semaines. Every other week. II doit y aller. He has to go there. dimension /. dimension, size.
Vous deux. The two of you, both of you. devoirs m. pi. homework. diminuer to lessen, diminish.
DEUXIEME noun and adj. second. devorer to devour, eat greedily. Diminuer les prix. To reduce prices.
C'est la deuxieme maison a droite. It's the devot adj. devout, pious. Diminuer a vue d'oeil. To diminish visibly.
second house to your right. devotion /. devotion. diminutif (diminutive/.I adj. diminutive.
devancer to precede. devoue adj. devoted, faithful. diminution /. diminishing,reduction.
devant m. front. Votre tout devoue. Yours very truly. dinde /. turkey.
Je ne suis pas encore pret, prenez les devants. devouement m. devotion; self-sacrifice. dindon m. turkey.
I'm not ready yet, go on ahead. devouer to dedicate, consecrate. diner m. dinner.
DEVANTbefore, in front of. Devouer son energje a une cause. To devote diner to dine.
II prit un autobus qui l'amena juste devant one's energy to a cause. Nous dinerons en tete a tete. We 11have dinner
l'immeuble. He took a bus which brought se devouer to devote oneself. alone (just the two of us, privately).
him right in front of the building. dexterite /. dexterity, skill. Qui dort dine. Sleepingmakesone forget one's
Egaux devant la loi. Equal before the law. diable m. devil. hunger.
Aller au-devant de ses amis. To go to meet C'est un pauvre diable. He's a poor devil. diplomatique adj. diplomatic.
one's friends (as a courtesy). C'est un assezbon diable. He's not a badfelbw. diplome m. diploma.
Aller au devant des ennuis. Toborrowtrouble. II tire le diable par la queue. He lives from diplomer to grant a diploma to.
Aller droit devant soi. To go straight ahead. hand to mouth. He's hard up. DIRE to say.
Tofollow one's nose. Que diable voulez-vousen faire (Jam.)? What L'art de bien dire. The art of speaking well.
devanture /. shopwindow. on earth do you want to do with it? Dites-donc, quand viendrez-vous chez nous?
devastation/. devastation. Ce n'est pas le diable. It's not so very difficult. Well, when will you come to our place?
devaster to devastate. diagonale/. diagonal. Aussitot dit, aussitot fait. Xo sooner said than
deveine /. bad luck. dialogue m. dialogue. done.
J'ai de la deveine aujourd'hui (Jam.). I have diamant m. diamond. Que dites-vousde cela? What do you think of
no luck today. My luck's bad today. diapositif m. transparency, slide (photography). that?
developpementm. development. dieter to dictate, suggest. On dirait qu'il va faire beau aujourd'hui. It
developper to develop. Dictez-moi. j'ecrirai. Dictate ("to me") and I'll looks as if it will be a beautiful day.
Faire developper. To have developed(film)- take it down ("I'll write"). Alors, c'est dit? Then it's settled?
DEVENIR to become. DICTIONNAIRE m. dictionary. II lui a fait dire de venir. He sent him word to
Devenir gTand.To grow tall. To grow up. diete /. diet. come.
II devient vieux. He's growing (getting) old. DIEU m. God. Que voulez-vous direg What do you mean'J
Que devenez-vousces jours-ci? What are you Dieu sait ce qu'il en sera! God knows what will Que veut dire cette attitude? What is the mean-
doing these days? come of it! ing your
of attitude?
J'ai faillien devenir fou. It nearlydroveme mad. Que Dieu me soit en aide! So help me God! Je veux dire que . . . / mean that . . .
Que va-t-il devenir? What is to (will) become Pour l'amour de Dieu! For goodness' sake! A vrai dire. To tell the truth.
of him? Grace a Dieu, je n'y suis pas alle. Thankheav- Soit dit entre nous. Between ourselves.
Je ne sais que devenir. / don't know which way ens
didn't
I go. Non, je ne tiens pas a y aller, cela ne me dit
to turn. I don't know what to do next. C'est une punition du bon Dieu. It's a judg- rien. .Vo, / don't feel like going there. The
Qu'il est devenu gras! How fat he's gotten! ment
God.of idea doesn f appeal to me. It doesn 't appeal
He's certainly gotten fat! diffamer to defame, slander. to me.
Devenir blanc de rage. To turn white with DIFFERENCE /. difference. Quand je vous le disais! / told you so!
anger. Cela fait une grande difference.That makesa C'est-a-dire. That is (to say), I (you) mean, in
II en devint amoureux. He fell in love with her. tor of difference. other words.
se devetir to undress, strip. differend m. disagreement. Comme on dit. As they say.
deviation /. deviation. DIFFERENT adj. different. Entendre dire (que). To hear (that).
devier to deviate, diverge. Celui-ci est bien different de l'autre. Thisone II n'y a pas a dire. There's no doubt.
deviner to guess. is quite differentfrom the other one. II m'a dit de partir. He told me to leave.
Vous avez devine juste. That's right. You've DIFFERER to differ. Je dirais. I'd say.
guessed right. DIFFICILE adj. difficult,hard. se dire to be said, call oneself.
devinette /. riddle. C'est un probleme difficile. It's a difficult Cela se dit, mais ne s'ecrit pas. 77iaf's said
devisager to stare. problem. but it's never written.
devise/. motto;currency. II est difficile.He's a difficultperson. II se dit votre ami. He calls himselfyourfriend.
Des devises etrangeres. Foreignbills. DIFFICULTY /. difficulty. Cela se dit tout bas. That should be whispered.
devoir m. duty, obligation. II fait naftre des difficultes. He creates (he's That shouldn't be said aloud.
C'est son devoir. It's his (her) duty. always creating)difficulties. DIRECT adj. direct, straight.
Faire son devoir. To do one's duty. lis se sontheurtesa de serieusesdifficultes.They Impots directs. Direct taxes.
Payer ses devoirs a quelqu'un. To pay one's encounteredserious obstacles. Train direct. Express train.
respects to someone. digerer to digest, swallow. Complement direct. Direct object (grammar).
Mon fils a beaucoup de devoirs a faire. My son digne adj. worthy. directement directly.
has a lot of homework to do. Je Ten trouve digne. / consider him worthy of directeur m. (directrice /. ) director.
.Inc. lion 35 donner

DIM i riON ' Unction, wfflHisjiinnii rietk II lui obeit an doigt et a loeil Mf'l at his berk
i hangai '!<•dJraction I Tochunf the man ilistin< tion / i/nfirn Mon and rail
tatmtnl 1 '<%i hanp dtrtt H On doll Uttt una distinction antra oti dm Mon petit doigt mr la dit A little bird told mr
another dltci fiori ihiivv Cm must nwkr n distim turn dis II etait a deu» doigts dr la mine Hr mmr
dircctricr / dim fo w fingunh hi in ii n these two things near firing mined He a as r.n the i rry bnnk
dinger to dim t. Ictul. rule Sam distinction I Indiunmtn/itchf Without of ruin Hr eamr u ifnin un rue of bring
se dinger Isers) k) kffld /.t, Mflfci /.>r «i ;<//j<. ami iUmnmination 2 Without rfiffffM ruined
discernement m Dfrcfptton, difCfTHiMilJ ftofl t ndistm£uishrd dollar m dollar
disirrnrr l--.li . "i diffinguifn Unhommc MlttdJatifK tion An undistinguished domaine m domain, estate
l>i\< rnicr lr Inrn (lu mal l<< tell rtgni /'""i Cc nest pas dr mon domaine Thais not
man
distingue ad] distinguished u tthm my proi mrr
discipline/ (/imipftfM distinguer to distinguish, discriminaU domestique m sen ant
discipline!fo '/r\. i;>/m< se distinguer fo ilistinguish rmi domestique ad] dimvstie
discordr / AwOTattrift distraction / amusement . inattention Animal domestique Domestic animal.
dJtcoun »i hmnn h Irs distractions sont ellrs <outpusrs MSl? Iff domicile m residrme
PWHlBPfMmi dssCOUfl To make n \/x • >/i the amu\i-mrnt<, hen nfnnsurJ (,hielest votre domicile personnel'' What is your
discret ail\ i/iw nM II est Mi|et a (lev distractions He s frrqurntly home address'
discretement </iwn <f/i/ i cry absent mindi d II a elu son domicile chez son pere He estab-
discretion | Jim ri (ton, lm t distraire to du • n. distrait OHM lished residence
legal at the home of his
Hm ussion I i/im imion Venr/ asc< nous. <rU VOUSdistraira Come father
l.,i discussion M-nu'innu I'he ditcuuio* be u if/i lis It u ill ehrer you up it u til be a domination / domirMifion
| ami hitter pleasant change tor 1/ dominer fo dominate, rule
I'ne discussion orageuse \ itormy <'i*<nation distrait nd] absent minded Dominer ses scriipules To overcome one's
distribuer fo distribute. £ii r ouf scruples
DISCITER to fjifcvat, m distribution f distribution se dominer to mntrol oneself
Nousavonsdiscutt
pendantdesheurasantiera divaguer to digress. I ander II ne sail pas se dominer He has no self<ontrol
u i trgMtd /nr town "" md divan M ilu an. sola dommage m damage, wrong
II n'v a pas a discuter 77wrf s no question DIVERS ad] inruius. seieral. different Payer les dommages-interets To pay the
about i' II fabrique des objets divers He manufac- damages
DISPARAITRE Id disappear tures
annusi kinds of articles C est dommage It s a pity (a shame) It's too
Mon livre a dispani My bookhas disappeared A diverses reprises Sri rral times bad
dispenser fo dispense, exempt Faits divers \eu s items dompter to fame, overcome.
Je vousdispense de ces observations Youmay diversion / ,/n»r^ion, change don m gift
keep those remarks to yourself. divenite f dnersity. difference Le don des langues A gift for languages
se dispenser to excuse oneself from. divertir to darrf, pnffrtom II a le don de I apropos He has the knack of
se disperser fo rfjliwif. scatter se divertir to amuse oneself. always saying the right thing
disponible ad] available, at one's disposition II a lair de se divertir He seems to he enjoy- DONC so. therefore, indeed, accordingly
II a peu d'argent disponible He doesnt have ing himself Notre travail est fini, done nous pouvons partir
very much money available [at his dis- divertissement m. enfertainrrwnf Our work is finished, so therefore, conse-
posal. dividende m dividend quently)
can goweUeave
DISPOSER fo dispose, arrange, have at ones divin ad] divine, holy. II n'a pas dit non, done je pense qu il est
disposal. diviser fo divide d accord He didn f say no, so (therefore) I
Vous pouvez disposer librement de mon ap- division f dlvieium think he agrees.
partement. Youcan make (free) use of my divorce m. divorce Vous aviez done oublie? So you forgot, didn't
apartment. divorcer fo divorce. you?
II dispose de grands moyens d'action. He pos- divulguer to divulge, reveal Pensez done! Just think'
sesses
at (has
his disposal considerablere- DIX noun and adj. ten. Allonsdone' Sonsense! Youdon't really mean
sources ("means
of action"). DLXHITT noun and adj. eighteen that You can t really be serious.
II est mal dispose a mon egard. He's not well- DDi-HLTTIEME noun and adj. eighteenth Dites done. Say! Say there'
disposed toward me. DIXIEME noun and adj. tenth Dites done, <;asuffit!Look here, that's enough.
disposition f. disposal, disposition. DLXNEUF noun and adj nineteen. Mais comment done? Buf how?
Je suis tout a votre disposition. / am entirely DIX-NEUVIEME noun and adj. nineteenth. Qu'y a-t-il done-'' What's the matter anyhow?
at your disposal. I'm at your complete DIXSEPT noun and adj. seventeen. DONNER to git*
disposal. DIX-SEPTIEME noun and adj. seventeenth. Donnez-moi le menu, s'il vous plait May I
dispute f. dispute, quarrel. dizaine /. afcouf fen. have the menu, please-'
disputer fo dispute, contest. docile adj. docile, submissive. Donnez-moila main. Git* me your hand.
se disputer fo quarrel. DOCTEUR m. doctor. Cet arbre donne des prunes TTiijfree yields
Ne vous disputez pas. Don'f quarrel. Docteur en medecine. Doctor.Physician,M.D. plums.
disque m. disc, record. document m. document. Donnez-moi un acompte. Pay me a part. Let
Microsillon, stereo, de 33 tours. Microgroove, documenter to document, supply information me have a down payment.
sfereo, 33 r.p.m. about. II ma donne a entendre que ... He intimated
disseminer to sow, scatter, disseminate. se documenter to gather documentaryevidence. that . . . ("He gave me to understand
dissension f. dissension, discord. DOIGT m. finger that . . . ")
dissoudre to dissolve, disperse. Mon doigt me fait mal. My finger hurts. Donnez-nous de vos nouvelles. Let's hear from
dissuader fo dissuade. Savoir quelque chose sur le bout des doigts. you.
DISTANCE /. distance, interval To have somethingat one's fingertips. Le chien lui donna un coup de patte. Thedog
A peu de distance. At a short distance. Doigt de pied. Toe. clawed (scratched) him.
Tenez-vous a distance. Keep at a distance. II se met le doigt dans l'oeil. He's fooling (de- II donne du fil a retordre. He gives one a lot
distant adj. distant; aloof. ceiving) He
himself.
is grossly (entirely) of trouble. He's not easy to manage (he
distinct adj. distinct. mistaken. puts up a lot of resistance).
distinctement distinctly. II sen mord les doigts. He's sorry he did it. Je vous donnerai un coup de main. Ill lend
distinctif (distinctive /.) adj. distinctive. He regretshaving done it. He's repentant (give) you a hand. I'll help you.
Trait distinctif. Distinguishingfeature. Char- (now). II a donne a cote. He missed (his aim).
se donner 36 durcir

Pourquoilui avez-vousdonne le change? Why La declaration en douane. Customs declaration. drap m. sheet; cloth.
did you put him on the wrong scent (mis- Passer a la douane. To clear, go through customs. Ce drap est a raccommoder. This (bed) sheet
lead him)? Le poste de douane. Customs house. has to he mended.
Les fenetres de la maison donnent sur le pare. douanier m. customs officer. Les voila dans de beaux draps. They're in a
The windows {of the house)face the park. double adj. double. fine pickle. Theyre in a fine mess.
II me donne gain de cause. He sides with me. Mot a double sens. Ambiguous word. drapeau m. (drapeauxpi.) flag.
He decides in my favor. Fermer une porte a double tour. To double- dresser to erect.
C'est a vous a donner. It's your turn to deal lock a door. II dresse l'oreille. He's on the alert. ("He
the cards. doubler to double. pricks up his ears.")
Ce nest pas donne a tout le monde. That's Le prix de la viande a double. The price of On lui avait dresse un piege. They had set a
not given to everyone (to be able to do meat has doubled. trap for him.
something). Xot everybody can do it. Defense de doubler. \'o passing on this road. Dresserun acte de deces. Tomakeout a death
On lui a donne leveil. They put him on his doublure /. lining. certificate.
guard. DOUCEMENT slowly, gently. DROIT m. right, law; duty.
Donner satisfaction a quelquun. To please Allez-y(plus) doucement.Act prudently. Go La force prime le droit. Might is righf.
easy. II a reconnu mon droit. He recognized my claim.
someone.
Donner des ennuis a quelquun. To cause some- Doucement, ne nous echauffons pas. Take it C'est mon droit. It's my privilege.
one trouble. easy, let's not get excited. II a droit a la retraite. He 's entitled to a pension.
Donner un coup de fil a. To call, ring up £a va tout doucement. Thingsare so-so.Things Droits d'entree. Import duties.
(telephone). aren't too bad. Droits de sortie. Exportduties.
Donner un coup d'oeil a. Toglance, take a look douceur /. saeefness, softness. Le droit description, Registrationfee.
at. douche /. shower. Le droit d'entree est cher. The entrance fee
se donner to give oneself, devote oneself. Prendre une douche. To take a shower. is expensive.
Donnez-vousla peine d'entrer. Hi// you please doue adj. gifted. Droits de succession. Inheritance tax.
come in? II est doue pour la musique. He has a gift II fait son droit a Paris. He's studying law in
II se donne pour noble. He passes himself off for music. Paris.
as a nobleman. douillet (douillette/.) adj. soft, overdelicate. Le droit des gens. International law.
Se donner une entorse. To sprain, twist one's DOULEUR/. pain, ache; grief. Le droit d'ainesse. Birthright.
ankle. Cette medicament adoucira votre douleur. This DROIT adj. right, straight.
DONT whose; of whom, of which. medicine will relieve your pain. Une ligne droite. A straight line.
Le monsieur dont j'ai oublie le nom. The gen- Elle est abimee dans sa douleur. She is over- Tenez-vousdroit. Stand (up) straight.
tlemanname
whoseI've forgotten. whelmed
grief. by Aller droit au fait. To go straight to the point.
Nous nous sommes arretes a un village dont douloureux (douloureuse/.) adj. painful. C'est le bras droit du patron. He's the boss's
j'ai oublie le nom. We stopped at a village DOUTE m. doubt. right-hand man.
the name of which I've forgotten. Avoir des doutes au sujet de quelque chose. DROITE /. right hand.
C'est un homme dont il faut se m£fier. He's To doubt something.To have doubts about Elle etait assise a ma droite. She sat on my
a man you can 't trust (you have to be care- something. right.
ful of). Cela est hors de doute. There is no question Tenir sa droite. To keep to the right.
Voici ce dont il s'agit. This is what it's all about it. DROLE adj. funny, amusing.
about. II n'y a pas l'ombre d'un doute. There is not Comme c'est drole! How strange!
dore adj. gilded. a shadow of a doubt. Cela m'a fait un drole d'effet. It gave me a
dorenavant from now on, henceforth. Sans doute. Of course. Doubtlessly. funny feeling.
DORMIR to sleep. DOUTER to doubt. Quelle drole d'idee! What a funny idea!
Je n'ai pas dormi de la nuit. / didn't sleep all Je doute qu'il accepte. / don't think he'll ac- C'est un drole de personnage (fam.). He's a
night. cept.
doubtI whether he'll accept. queer fellow.
II dormait comme un loir. He was sleeping like se douter to suspect; think. Ce fromage a un drole d'aspect. This cheese
a top. Je men doutais bien. / thought so. I thought doesn't look right.
II dort debout. He can't keep his eyes open. (guessed)as much. DU See de. from the, of the, some.
Laissez dormir cetter affaire jusqu'a lundi. Let II ne se doutait de rien. He suspectednothing. Je veux du pain. I'd like some bread.
the matter rest (wait) until Monday. He had no inkling (of what was going on, II revient de la Cote d'Azur. He just cameback
DOS m. back. etc.). He hadn't the slightest suspicion from the Riviera.
J'ai mal au dos. My back aches. (notion, idea). Pas du tout. \of at all.
II n'a rien a se mettre sur le dos. He hasn't a douteux (douteuse/.) adj. doubtful. du m. due.
shirt to his back. DOUX (douce/.) adj. soft, gentle, easy. II reclame son du. He claims his due.
II m'a mis cela sur le dos. He gave me the II est doux comme un mouton. He's as gentle du (due /.) adj. due, owed.
responsibility. as a lamb. L'acte est en bonne et due forme. The deed
II se met tout le monde a dos. He turns every- C'est doux au toucher. It feels soft (to the is in proper form.
body against
him. touch). duquel (de laquelle/., desquelsm. pi, desquelles
II me tourne le dos. He turns his back on me. II n'a pas la main douce. He s rough.He doesn't /. pi \ of which, whom.
II est toujours sur mon dos. He's always at use kid gloves. Duquel s'agit-il?HTiichone is it a questionop
my side telling me what to do. Filer en douce. To leave on the sly. To steal DUR adj. hard, rough.
II a bon dos. They put all the blame on him. Ce lit est trop dur. This bed is too hard.
away.
They blame him for everything. Elle lui fait les yeux doux. She's making eyes Oeufs durs. Hard-boiled eggs.
J'en ai plein le dos (fam.). I'm fed up with it. at him (lookingsweet at him). II est dur d'oreille. He s hard of hearing.
dose /. dose, share. II fait doux. The weather is mild. II a la tete dure. He's thick-headed (stubborn).
dossier m. back; record;file. DOUZAINE /. dozen. Travailler dur. To work hard.
Le dossier dune chaise. The back of a chair. DOUZE noun and adj. twelve. DURANT during.
Apportez les dossiersde l'affaire X. Bring the DOUZIEME noun and adj. twelfth. Durant sa vie. During his lifetime.
files on the X case. dramatique adj. dramatic. Durant son voyage, il est tomW malade. He
dot /. dowry. L'art dramatique. The drama. became sick during his trip.
douane /. customs,customhouse;duty. Situation dramatique. Dramatic situation. Je l'ai attendu trois heures durant. / waited
Droits de douane. Custom duties. dramatiser to dramatize. for him three whole hours.
Bureau de douane. Customhouse. drame m. drama. durcir to harden.
durfa 37

dure* / AiratbM Kan* hi % i/m, II git ijtiurult run

i >. i ourti auric Short /it *•</ echoir to fcD to ant \ li>< Je sins f( rasr df travail Im licamftd uith
i .i durcc .I*-i.i <!!( tn Tin- duration "I the » of .11 in'e< lull dr \r Im dire It jell to rric u ,,rk

1)1 HI H | lust to ttll ban s'ecraver to COfloBM

| ftj pwi qui- i<-l.i tic ilurr pas im afraid \t echouer ftp fail s'ecrier IP I ry nut ru Imm
mon'l iW %
Ian ,i r, bowl Iff plan faded K( KIKK Up unt,
II i c. bow %<
ion uuDoa Hi failed bi his Je It%I ai firit un mot / dropped him a line
durrtr / nnnin. w
dynamite / dynamite i-iiiiniitiitii'U | '•< ris tOUtotin toutes mes lettres a la ma( hirie
dwrnteric / dysentery eclaboussement m splashing / uluays type my
f <lahoussrr to ipldOR Mai bloc .i «•'rlri Ti/ptu rttn
eclahoimurr / \plu\h COOMMDIerntfin CCmot en fran(,aisy How do
| /7ic ri/f/i /Vrfrr ->f ffa alphabet
eclair m lightning, flush , n nti spill this u ord in / rmcht
I \l | rain ;>/ | WOttf II a passe OOBNM mi ci lair He shot by like ecriteau m i»>stir. n
( gun Tciu Wateruay lightning EC:RITl'RE f handu r,t,n<:
II toinlx- df I eau ft J raining. \ if i OromC I M lair pub k us lightning <>uuk II a une l>elle ecntun Ih has good hand
Jet d eau lountam 03 0 Hash u ntmg
( est hiic goutte (I eau dans la mer Ih liki a ( > hit un et lair df geme It IMMa f ( R|\ MS m 'intir
dnrj) in the i><
can It I <idrop m f/ir /m<kit s'ecrouler to txOaptt, f'tll to ph
genius
II revicnt sur lean hftJ making a neu *'"'' eclairage m lighting, illumination Tons leurs plans I'ecrOttleraol All their plans
in bwtaca Hci pfCMngcon hk tut ogam EcwJngi da rws Tjtrmttlighting tnllupsid
eau-de-vie f brandy eclaircir to CMWup. clarify, nplain ecume ( foam
eau-forte m (etUX-foftM pi etching s'eclaircir to clear up. become bnghter, lighten ecureuil m squirrel.
ebahi adj. amazed, dumbfounded [color ecurie / stable.
ebaucher (<>skctth Le temps set lairc it Dm lOMflW't <Iranngup edifice m building.
eblouir Id OOSSfc eclairer to light, illummuti edifier to erect, edify, enlighten.
eblouissant ml\ dazzling Otte lampe n eclaire pas 77m lamp unci a II ma edihe sur cette affaire He enlightened
ebranlement m slun k. concussion. poor light me alwut the matter
ebranler to thqkt eclat m hurst, glitter editer to publish
L explosion ebranla la maison. The explosion Son manage se fit sans eclat His fa editeur m publisher
shook the house. riagf took place tjuwtlu He she had a edition / publication, edition.
Sa raison en hit ebranlee. His mind was unset- quid u rilding Edition epuisee Out of print
tled ifha t'ne action d'eclat \ hnlliunt feat Maison d'edition. Publishing house
ecaille / scale, shell, tortoise shell. Partir d un eclat de nre Toburst into laughter editorial editonaux pi.) adj. editorial
ecart m. deviation, digression. To bunt out laughing EDUCATION / education, breeding manners
II se tient a l'ecart. He keeps in the background. eclatant ad\ loud, ringing lis ont rec,u une excellente education Tliey
ecarter to separate; move aside. eclater to split, burst received an excellent education.
Ecarter les obstacles. To brush the obstacles L'n incendie eclata A fire broke out. C est un homme sans education. He s an ill-
aside Eclater de nre To burst into laughter To burst bred person He s a boor.
s'ecarter to move aside, diverge, deviate. out laughing II n a pas d'education He has no breeding.
echafaud m. scaffold. ECOLE / sihtxil. sihoolhouse. efface ad\ unobtrusive, retiring.
echafaudage m. scaffolding. Se rendre a l'ecole. To go to school Manieres effacees. fleftring manners.
echancrer to indent, notch. Maitre d'ecole. Sihoolteacher effacer to erase, obliterate.
echancrure f. indentation, groove. ecolier m ecolierc /. ! schoollwy,schoolgirl. s'effacer to fade, wear away, stand aside.
echange m. exchange. econduire to show to the door. l.es souvenirs s'effacent vite. Memoriesfade
En echangede. In exchangefor. econome ad] thrifty rapidly.
Faire un echange. To exchange. ECONOMIE f. economics,thrift, pi. savings effare adj. frightened, dismayed.
echanger to exchange. Economiepolitique Politicaleconomy. s'effarer to be frightened, startled.
echantillon m. sample. Par economie de temps. To save time effaroucherto startle.
echapper to escape, overlook. Faire des economies. To saic money. To put effectif effective/. i adj. effective.
II a echappe a la mort. He escaped death. money aside effectivementeffectively;in reality, actually.
II laissa echapper toute 1 histoire. He blurted economique adj. economical. Cela est arriveeffectivement.It really uctually
out tlic ultole story. economiser to scut huj)pened.
Nous T.tvonsechappe belle. We had a narrow Econoiniserpour I'aveoir. To save up for the effectuer to effect,carry out.
escape. future. Effectuerune reconciliation.To bring about a
s'echapper to escape. ecorce /. hark, rind. peel. reconciliation.
echarpe/. scarf. ecorcher to peel off. graze. effervescence/. effervescence.
s'echaufferto becomeoverheated,warm up. II ecorche le fran^ais. He murders French. effervescentadj. effervescent.
echeance/. date, term (of payment). ecossais mmn and adj. Scotch. EFFET m. impression,effect.
Payable a l'echeance. Payable at maturity. ecouler to flow out. run out. Prendre effet. To take effect. Tc go into effect.
echeant adj. falling due. Faire ecouler I'eau. To drain off the water. II me fait l'effet dun ignorant. He strikes me
Le cas echeant. In that case. ecoute f. listening-place. as being very ignorant.
echec m. failure, defeat. Se tenir aux ecoutes. To keep one's ears open. A cet effet. To this end.
Subir un echec. Tosuffer defeat. Tomeet with To eavesdrop. Mon conseil a produit l'effet voulu. My advice
failure. ECOUTER to listen to. had the desired effect.
echecs m. pi. chess. Maintenantje suis tout a vous,je vousecoute. Cela fait de l'effet. 1. That is effective.2. 77wr
Faisonsune partie d'echecs. Lets play a game ".You'I'm at your disposal;I'm listening." has the right effect. That looks well. That
of chess. Ecoutez! Look here'. I'll tell you what! attracts attention.
echelle/. ladder; scale. Ecoutez-moi. Take my advice. Listen to me. En effet. As a matter of fact.
echelon m. step (of a ladder). J ecoute. Number, please? (telephone). Sans effet. Ineffective.
Monter par echelons. To rise by degrees. ecran m. screen. II a manque son effet. He failed to make the
echelonner to space out. spread out. ecrasant adj. crushing. impression(he was supposed to).
echevele adj. dishevelled. ecraser to crush, run over. effets m. pi. possessions,belongings.
echo m. echo. Vous allez vous faire ecraser. You'll be run Faites vos effets. Pack up your things.
efficace 38
emparer

Ces effets ont ete portes. These clothes have elastique m. and f. noun and adj. elastic. lis s'embarquerent a Marseille. They em-
been worn. election /. election. barked
Marseilles.
at
efficaceadj. effective,adequate. electricite /. electricity. embarras m. obstacle;difficulty,trouble.
efficacite/. effectiveness. electrophone in. record player, phonograph. Se trouver dans l'embarras. To be in difficulties.
effigie/. effigy. elegance/. elegance. Se tirer d'embarras. To get out of a difficulty.
effiler to taper. elegant adj. elegant;stylish. Faire des embarras. To be fussy (particular).
effleurerto touch lightly. element m. element. Je n'ai que 1embarras du choix./ have toomuch
s'effondrerto fall in, break down. II est dans son element. He s in his element. to choosefrom.
Le plafond s'efFondra.The ceiling collapsed. elementaire adj. elementary. embarrassant adj. cumbersome;perplexing.
s'efforcerto endeavor,strive. elephant m. elephant. Une situation einbarrassante.An embarrassing
EFFORT m. effort. elevage m. breeding, raising (of animals). position.
Malgretous nos efforts.Despiteall our efforts. elevation/. elevation; rise. embarrasse adj. perplexed, embarrassed.
Faire un effort sur soi-meme.To exerciseself- eleve m. and f. student, pupil. embarrasser to embarrass.
control. eleve adj. high; brought up, reared. II nest jamais embarrasse. He's never at a loss.
effrayer to frighten. Bien eleve. Well-bred. Que cela ne vous embarrasse pas. Don't let
effroi m. fright, terror,fear. Mai eleve. Ill-bred. that trouble you [bother you, put you out).
effronte adj. brazen-faced,shameless. elever to bring up; raise, erect. Have no fear on that score.
effronterie/. impudence. Elever des enfants. To rear (raise) children. II est embarrasse dun rien. He makes a moun-
effroyableadj. frightful. On lui a eleve un monument. They erected a tain out
of a molehill.
effusion/. effusion,overflowing. monument to him. Cette question m'embarrasse. That question
Avec effusion.Effusively. s'elever to rise, arise. puzzles me.
EGAL (egale, egales f., egaux m. pi.) noun and eliminer to eliminate. embaucher to hire.
adj. equal. elite to elect. embellir to embellish; grow more beautiful.
Sous ce rapport, il est sans egal. In that re- elite/, elite. Comme elle a embelli! Hoiv beautiful she's
spect
hasheno equal. ELLE (elles pi.) she, it; her. become!
C'est egal! N'importe! It doesn't matter!Never Vous pouvez vous fier a elle. You can trust her. embetant adj. ifam.), boring; annoying.
mind! You can have confidence in her. embeter (jam.), to annoy.
Ca m'est bien egal. / don't care. It's all the Chez elle. At her house. s'embeter (Jam.),to he bored.
same to me. Chacune d'elles. Each of them. emblee used only in the followingphrase:
Tout cela lui est bien egal. All that's the same elle-memeherself D'emblee. At once. Right away.
to him. All that makesno differenceto him. elles-memes(f. pi.) themselves. embleme m. emblem.
He's indifferent to all that. eloge m. praise. embonpoint m. stoutness, weight.
Cela vousest-il egal que je ferme la porte? Do Adresser des eloges a quelqu'un. To praise embouteillagem. traffic jam, tie-up.
you mind if 1 shut the door? someone. embranchement m. branching off; branch.
EGALEMENTequally; also. Faire l'eloge de quelqu'un. To sing someone's embrasser to embrace, kiss.
J'irai egalement. /'// go too. I'll also go. praises. N'embrassez pas trop a la fois. Don't under-
egaler to equalize, equal. elogieux (elogieuse/.) adj. laudatory, flattering. take much
too at once. Don't try to do
egaliser to equalize. II parla de lui en termes elogieux. He spoke too many things at tlie same time.
egalite /. equality, evenness. highly of him. Embrasserune autre religion.Toadoptanothei
EGARD m. regard. eloigne adj. fur, distant, remote. religion.
N'ayez aucune crainte a cet egard. Have no Le plus eloigne. The furthermost. embrayage hi. clutch (car).
fear on that score. Avenirpeu eloigne.Near future. embrouiller to entangle; confuse.
Avoir des egards. To be considerate. Rien n'est plus eloigne de mes intentions. s'embrouiller to get confused.
Eu egard aux circonstances.All things con- Nothing is further from my intentions. embuche f. ambush, snare.
sidered. Considering
the circumstances. Parent eloigne. Distant relative. embuscade/. ambush, snare.
II a manque a sa parole a mon egard. He eloignement m. absence, removal. emeraude /. emerald.
didn 't keep his word to me. eloigner to moveaway. emerveille adj. amazed, filled with wonder.
Qu'avez-vousa dire a son egard? What do you Eloigner les soup<;ons.To avert suspicion. emetteur (emettrice /.) adj. broadcasting.
have to say concerning(al)out)him? Eloigner une pensee. To dismissa tfiought. emettre to emit, issue; express.
egarer to mislay, lose. s'eloigner to moveoff, witlidraw. Emettre une opinion. 7b express an opinion.
J'ai egare ma montre. / mislaid my watch. S'eloignerde tout le monde.Toshun everybody. emeute f. riot, outbreak.
s'egarer to get lost. eloquence /. ebquence. emigrant in. emigrant.
Je me suis egare. / got lost. eloquent adj. eloquent. emigration f. emigration.
egayer to cheer up. email m. enamel. emigre m. refugee.
eglise /. church. emancipation/. emancipation. emigrcr to emigrate, migrate.
egoisme m. egoism,selfishness. emanciper to emancipate. eminence /. eminence.
egoiste m. and f. noun and adj. egoist; selfish. s'emanciper to gain one's freedom. eminent adj. eminent.
Agir en egoiste. To act selfishly. emaner to emanate, issue forth. emissaire m. emissary.
Une personne egoiste. A selfish person. emballage m. packing, wrapping. emission f. emission, issue; radio broadcast.
egorger to butcher, slaughter. Papier d'emballage. Wrappingpaper. emmagasiner to store (goods).
egout m. drain, sewer. emballer to pack. emmeler to entangle, mix up.
egoutter ro drain. s'emballer to be carried away. emmener to lead away, take out.
Faire egoutter des legumes. To strain vegeta- Ne vous emballez pas! Keep cool! ! emoi m. agitation, excitement.
bles. S'emballer pour quelque chose. To he keen on emotion /. emotion, stir.
egratigner to scratch. something. emotionner to more, sf/r [emotionally),thrill.
elan m. spring, bound; outburst; impulse. embarcadere m. pier. s'emotionner to be moved, stined, roused; get
Dun seul elan. At one bound. embargo m. embargo. excited.
Elan de l'imagination. Flight of the imagina- embarquement m. embarking. emouvant adj. moving, touching.
tion. embarquer to take on board; involve. emouvoir to move, rouse.
elance adj. tall and slim. Ce sont eux qui l'ont embarque dans cette Elle etait emuc jusqu'aux larmes. She was
s'elancer to rush, rise. affaire. Tliey're the ones who got him in- moved to tears.
II s'elan^aa sa poursuite.He dashed after him. volved
that affair.
in empaqueter to pack, make into a parcel.
elargir to widen, stretch. s'embarquer to go on board, start upon. s'emparer to take hold of.
 fiemtnl 39 ennui

empfchcmcnt m liinilrnnn I, iin/ui/im. Iftf, /n;r Mlri en villr in tp into tnu n encourage»nt iul\ encouraging
EMPE(NKRto pnvtnt, hwp Jtm Venn en autn Hd | "in/ />!/ kit encouragement m encouragement
I iii|ii-« In'/ lesdr I.hum rl.i I'm cut li r;i f/iiin Aller M UnMOttC H |P to \mrrn a encourager to entourage
/riirndoing'flilf En sun bOBMVI In Ins honor encourir to fa ur
II l.ml sniiHnr (•(•<jiIf I on nc pent empecher En etc In tin rmm < encre / ink
Whilt i on I hi i ured must hi i ndured II est nr M 1911 He IBM Ix'rn in ,'9/2 encrier m initw</'
Ou'esl (<% i|ui \ciiisa empeche (It-\«'iniJ What I B sun aliseru | In his <ihs. % encyclopedie f eniy<l<medin
kept you (ram i tuning? En vacances (m uuation endormi ad] asleep
s'empeeher to nfrdn from Montre en nr < ^<ld u uti h endormir to put to sleep
empereur m IIMMftff De mal en pis from had to H s'endormir to fall asleep
empese in/; vfitf,starched De jour en |our hnnn day to day Elle s est endormie de fatigue. She was so
empeser to starch On apprend en vieillissant We learn as we tired that she fell asleep.
Pain empeser 1b ROM rOfMtMflgstarched gmu older ENDROIT m pla,,
empester IDtnftt ' Voyageren auto (avion,bateau, chemin de fer, Ouel )oli endroit' VVTiaf
a beautiful place!
cmphase j fOmflUtUtf, bombast taxi, voitnrei. To travel by auto {plane, Cette piece est tres amusante par endroitv
empieter to tnerotch upon, infringe boat, railuay. taxi. tar This play is very amusing in places.
empiler to stack En deux purs In utthw two days L endroit faible The weak spot.
empire m. empire. EN some.any. of him. of her, of it, of them, from II a mal agi a mon endroit. He didn t at t u ell
empirer to pi H0TM then touard me He didnt treat me right
emplacement m site. Imation. F.n avez-vous'Do you hue any of it. of enduire to smear.
emplette f. purchase. them)? endurance / endurance
J'ai fait des emplettrs / u heen shopping. En voulez-vous3Do you want some lof it, of endurcir to harden.
EMPLOI m employment,function. them F endurer to endure, bear.
Mode d'emploi. Directionsfor use. A-t-il de l'argent3 —Oui. il en a Does he have energie f strength, energy
II est apte a tons les emplois He's well quali any money'' — Yes. he has some. energique ad] energetic
fied for (<en/ occupation. Donnez-en a Jean Cue stnne to John enervant ad] irritating
Etre sans emploi. To he out of u ork Avez-vous besoin de mon livre? —Oui, j en enerve adj irritated, exasperated, on edge.
employe m. employee. ai besoin Do you need my hook7' —Yes, enerver to get on someone's nerves, upset some-
EMPLOYER to use I need it one.
lis ont employe tous les moyens Any t t Ml </ Ont-ils des IhfflM?—lis en ont beaucoup Do s'enerver to become irritated, exasperated, get
everything Ihey retried all possiblemeans they have any hooks0—They have many of nervous.
empocher to pocket them enfance /. childhood.
empoigner to grasp, seize. Vient-il de Paris5 —II en vient directement. Is enfant m. child.
empoisonnement m poisoning. he coming from Paris'-1—Hes coming di- enfantillage m. childishness
empoisonner to poison. rectly there
from enfantin adj. childish
Elle empoisonne sa vie. She makes life unbear- Ou'en pensez-vous? What do you think of enter m. hell.
ablehim
for [her). [alwut if enfermer to lock up, lock away.
emportement m. transport, anger. Sen aller. To go away ENFIN at last, finally, after all.
EMPORTER to carry away. Sen faire. To worry. II y est enfin arrive, il le merite bien. He
Le vent a emporte mon chapeau. The wind Ne ten fais pas Don't worry. finally succeeded — he certainly deserves to.
blew my hat away encadrer to frame Je suis heureux d'etre recu enfin a mon examen.
Emportez tout cela. Take all that away enceinte /. enclosure, walls I'm glad I finally passed that examination.
II a ete emporte par la fievre thyphoide. He enceinte adj. pregnant. enflammer to inflame.
died of typhoid. He was carried off by encercler to encircle. enfler to swell.
typhoid. enchancement m. Unking-up; connection. enfoncer to drive in, push in.
Restez calme, ne vous laissez pas emporter. enchainer to chain; link, connect. s'enfoncer to penetrate, go deep into.
Remaincalm,-don t losecontrolof yourself. enchanter to enchant, charm. enfouir to bury in the ground.
L'emporter sur quelqu'un. To get the best of Je suis enchante de vous revoir. / am delighted s'enJfuirto flee.
someone. to see you again. engage adj. Stuck jammed (mechanism).
II flit emporte par l'enthousiasme. He was Ca ne m enchante pas. It doesn t appeal to me. engagement m. obligation;pledge; pawning.
carried away by enthusiasm. Permettez-moi de vous presenter a M. Lar- engager to pledge, promise, bind; engage; urge.
s'emporter to run away; fly into a passion. dieu — Enchante. I'd like to introduce you Cela n'engage a rien. That's not binding.
Les chevaux se sont emportes. The horses ran to Mr. Lardieu.—Clad to know you. s'engager to enlist, pledge.
away. enchere f. bid. engin m. engine.
II s'emporta. He flew into a rage. Vente aux encheres. Auction sale. Sale by englober to include, take in.
empreindre to imprint. auction. engloutir to swallow;engulf.
empreinte f. impression,print. enchevetre adj. tangled, involved. s'engouffrerto be engulfed.
Empreintes digitales. Fingerprints. enchevetrer to entangle; ravel. engourdi adj. numb.
empress*adj. eager, zealous. enclin adj. inclined, apt. engourdir to make numb.
empressement m. eagerness,readiness encolure f. neck-opening. engourdissementm. numbness.
Mettre beaucoup d'empressement a faire encombre m. hindrance. engraisserto fatten; gain weight.
quelque chose. To be more than willingto Nous sommes arrives sans encombre. We ar- enivrer to go to one's head, intoxicate.
do something. rived without
difficulty. enjamber to step over, stride.
s'empresserto hurry, hasten. encombrement m. obstruction; crowd. enjeu m. (enjeuxpi.) stake.
emprise/. expropriation;influence. encombrer to encumber. enjoindre to enjoin; to order.
II a beaucoup d'emprise sur lui. He has a lot ENCORE yet, still. enlacer to entwine, clasp.
of influence over him. Quoi encore? What else? enlever to remove,wipe off, clear away.
emprisonnement m. imprisonment. Encore une fois. Once more. Enlevez toutes ces choses. Remove all these
emprisonner to imprison. Attendons encore un peu. Let's wait a little things. Take all these things away.
emprunt m. borrowing, loan. longer. ennemi noun (m.) and adj. enemy.
emprunter to borrow. Hier encore je lui ai parle. / spoketo him only ENNUI m. nuisance, trouble, bother.
emu adj. moved, touched. yesterday. II lui a causebeaucoupd'ennuis.He causedhim
EN into, in, to, within. II n'est pas encore la. He hasn't come yet. a lot of trouble.
 40
eparpiller

Cela a amene des ennuis. Tlwt caused all sorts thing wrong. Entrer a l'ecole. To enter (begin) school.
of trouble. Je n entends pas que vous fassiez cela. / won't Entrer a luniversite. To enter the university.
Je regrette si je vous ai cause un ennui quel- allow you to do that. I won t hear of your Entrer en fonctions. To take up one's duties.
conque. I'm sorry if I caused you ami in- doing that. II ne m'etait pas entre dans l'idee que . . . It
convenience. II n \ entend pa.s malice. He means well. He never entered my mind that . . .
Mourir d'ennui. To be frightfully bored. doesn't mean any harm. entresol m. mezumine.
Quel ennui! What a nuisance! C est entendu. That's settled. It's a bargain. entretenir to keepup, maintain,entertain,support.
ennuyer to bore, bother. Agreed. All right. Vert) well, ii >a deal. entretien m. upkeep; conversation.
Cela vous ennuierait-il d attendre un peu? Bien entendu. Of course. Frais d'entretien. Cost of maintenance.
Would you mind waiting a little? S'ENTENDRE to be audible; understand; agree. J'ai eu un entretien avec elle. / had a talk
Je suis tres ennuve. Im very much worried. I On ne s'entend pas ici. There's so much noise with her.
have a lot of trouble (a lot of worries). you can't hear anything. You can't hear entrevoir to catch a glimpse of.
s'ennuyer to be bored. yourself talk here. Je n'ai fait que lentrevoir. / only caught a
ennuyeux iennuyeu.sef.) adj. boring, tedious. lis s'entendent a demi-mot. They know at once glimpseof him (herV
enorme adj. enormous. what the other is going to say. entrevue /. interview.
enormementenormously,extremely. Lui et moi nous finissons toujours par nous
enumerer to enumerate.
Je le regrette enormement.I'm extremelysorry. entendre. We always agree in the end. envahir to invade.
enormite f. enormousness;enormity. lis ne s'entendent pas bien. They don't get enveloppe f. envelope.
s'enquerir to inquire. along well together. envelopper to wrap up, surround.
enquete f. inquiry. Cela s'entend. // goes without saying. envergure /. spread, span.
Faire une enquete. To hold an inquiry. II s'entend aux affaires. He's a born business- De grande envergure. Far-reaching.
enrage adj. rabid, mad. man.
has
Hea good business head. envers m. wrong side, back.
enrager to enrage, fume. entente /. understanding, agreement, meaning. Mettre sa robe a l'envers. To put on one's
enregistrer to register. lis arriverent a une entente. They reached an dress inside out.
s'enrhumer to catch a cold. agreement. envers toward, to.
s'enrichir to grow [get) rich. Mot a double entente. Word with a double Envers et contre tous. Against everyone.
s'enroler to enlist. meaning. Against all comers.
enroue adj. hoarse, husky. enterrement m. burial. ENVIE /. envy; wish.
enrouler to roll up, uind. enterrer to bury. Par envie. Throughjealousy.
enseigne f. sign, token. entete adj: stubborn. Cela vous donne envie de rire. It (that) makes
Nous sommes tons loges a la meme enseigne. s'enteter to be stubborn. you want to laugh. It's enough to makeyou
We're all in the same boat. enthousiasme m. enthusiasm. laugh.
enseignement m. teaching, education. enthousiasmer to make someone enthusiastic. Elle mourait d'envie d'y aller. She was dying
enseigner to teach. s'enthousiasmer to become enthusiastic. to go there.
ENSEMBLE noun m. and adv. together, whole. Jen ai ete enthousiasme. / teas very enthusi- Avec envie. Longingly.
L'ensemble du travail est Won. Die work is astic about
it. J en ai envie. I'd like to have it. I feel like it.
good on the whole. ENTIER (entiere/.l adj. entire, whole. Je n'ai pas envie d'y aller. / don't feel like
Vue d'ensemble. General view. All-round pic- La famille entiere alia en promenade. The going there.
ture. whole family went for a walk. envier to envy, covet.
Etre bien ensemble. To be on good terms. Ce savon se vend dans le monde entier. 77ii.s envieux (envieuse f.) adj. envious.
lis sont arrives ensemble. Theyarrived together. soap is sold all over the world. environ around; nearly.
ensevelir to bury. entierement entirely, wholly. II doit etre environ cinq heures. It must be
ensoleille adj. sunny, sunlit. entorse f. sprain, strain. about five o'clock.
ensorceler to bewitch. entourer to surround, encircle. J'ai environ cent francs. / have about a hun-
ENSUITE then, afterwards. entr'acte m. intermission [theatre). dred francs.
Allons d'abord dejeuner, ensuite nous irons au s'entraider to help one another. environs m. pi. vicinity; neighborhood.
musee. Let's first have lunch; afterwards entrain m. heartiness, spirit. II habite dans les environs de Paris. He lives
we'll go to the museum. II a de l'entrain. He's full of energy. He's full near Paris. He lives in the vicinity of Paris
Et ensuite? And what else? And then what? of life. envisager to face; consider.
s'ensuivre to follow, ensue. entrainement m. training. envoi hi. parcel.
entamer to begin, start. entrainer to draw along, sweep away; involve; Nous avons recu son envoi. We receivedhis
11entama la conversation. He opened the con- train for sports. parcel.
versation. ENTRE between, among. s'envoler to fly away.
entasser to heap up. Tout est fini entre nous. It v all over between us. envove m. envoy, delegate.
ENTENDRE to hear, understand. Nous sommes entre amis. We are among friends. ENVOYERto send.
J'entends un bruit. / hear a noise. Parler entre les dents. To mumble. II a envove chercher le medecin. He sent for
II entend mal. He's hard of hearing (he doesn't II est entre bonnes mains. He's in good hands. the doctor.
hear well). ENTREE /. entrance. Elle vous envoie ses meilleures amities. She
Elles ne veulent pas en entendre parler. They Entree interdite. So admittance. sends you her best regards.
won t hear of it. They refuse to consider it. Entree libre. Admissionfree. Envoyez-moi un mot. Drop me a line.
II n'y entend rien. He can't make it out. Droit d'entree. Import duty. Je vous envoie toutes mes pensees affectueuses.
II ne veut rien entendre. He won't listen. entrefaite/. [usually in the pi.) meantime. Affectionatelyyours (in a letter).
J'ai entendu dire que . . . I've heard it said II arriva sur ces entrefaites. He arrived in the Envoyez-le promener [Jam.). Send him about
that . . . meantime. his business.
Faire entendre raison a quelqu'un. To bring entremise /. intervention. epais epaisse /. ) adj. thick, dense, heavy.
someone to reason. entreprendre to undertake, attempt. epaisseur /. thickness; depth; density.
A l'entendre. To listen to him. From what he entreprise f. enterprise, undertaking. epanchement m. pouring out; effusion.
says. Entreprise commercial. Business concern. epancher to pour out.
Faites commes vous lentendez. Do what you ENTRER to enter, come in. s'epanouir to open out; beam.
think best. Do it your own way. Do it any Entrez. Come in. epargne /. sating, thrift.
way you please. Defense d'entrer. So admittance. Caisse d'epargne. Springs bank.
Vous entendez tout de travers. You misunder- Entrez dans cette chambre-ci. Go into this
epargner ro ypare,save.
standuhole
the thing. You've got every- room. eparpiller to scatter, disperse.
 41
.-(...IN

fpars Hill si attenri. tllspitsnl riishei i lleil etcadre / NfUMBVH estimc jarri
I lii-M-m c|i.iis / hv/i. i r//ci/ /luir rscalr / (all estimer to estimate, i aim
rpuUnt (i/// IDUWlflfflttifurimrig \<>l sans MMM VonilOl flight estomac m stoma/ h
I r\I % -p.tt.int /<i»i ' /'hu/ \ uonder\uV That J rtcalier m \Min aw. stairs | m iiihI ,i r«tOIMM / haie a stimuuhaihi
tur//' escargot m snail estrade f platform, s-tage
epatrr to % eNNMtamaze esclavagr m *'ai fry estropie ari\ mpplrri. riisalrinl
epaulr / shouliler esclave m and f MM I estropier to I npp/<
epe* t w ord escompte m rim ount. rrhali FT and
epeler |Q \;>.7i A I'M ompte \' " ilisi ount Den el dew Fu o and to o
eperdu d(// th\tn ss,,1 dismai/eil escompter to rliseount Je n'ai pas faim Et vous? I'm not hungry Hon
eperdument(feflMratoijf Mcorte f runrt. eonofy ahiut you"
epeurf <u// Intfitrtuit Mcortrr MOO} etable / stahl,
epice / Bt I escrime m ,rnemg ETABLIR to i siahhsh. set up, lay dou n. setih
Epicene / grocery itPFI escroc m su mdlrr. Son pere la etabli a Paris //it father started
Spicier m grocer eseroquer t<<steal, su Indfa htm iri bniNMei in Paris
epidemic| tpAdtink espace m arm Ftablir un pru To fix a pn< e
epidemiqueodj epulemu espace arij far apart On DCput etablir son identite 77ieycouldn't
epier to uafc/i. s7»i/tjpon. Kspagne m Spain identify him
epilepsie / epilepsy Fn Fspagne In, to Spam s etablir to establish oneself.
epilogue m epi/oguc espagnol noun M and ad} Spanish II s est etabli a son compte. He s in business
epinard m spina*h wpece / species, kmd. sort lor himself
ipine / thorn, spine. obtt& fa I '-spece humaine Mankind etablissement m establishment, premises.
epineux lepineuse ,. I oW;f/>orny.ticklish I'ne espece de A sort af Ftablissement de charite ( hnntahlr institu
epinglc f pin esperancr / » tion
Une £pmgle a nourrice. A ja/cfu pin esperer to hope, expect etage m floor,flight, story
episode m. episode. espiegle ait\ mitchievout etagere ( ra(k, shelf.
eplore ad| uecpmg espieglerie f prank. etain m fin
eplucher to pee/. Man, $ifl espion m. spy. etalage m display, shopwindow
epluchure / piece of peel espoir m hope etaler to spread out, unfold; show off.
Sponge/ sponge. ESPRIT m spirit, mind, sense, u it etancher to quenrh. stanch
epoque f. period, time. II se met l'esprit a la torture. Hes racking etang m fish pond; pool.
his brains etape / stoge, halting-place, lap (of race).
epouse I infe
Quand est-ce que tette idee vous est venue a ETAT m. state, condition.
epouser to marry.
epouvantable adj. dreadful, appalling, frightful. l'esprit5 When did you get that idea? II y a du mieux dans son etat. 77iere is some
epouvante/ fright, terror. II a de l'esprit He s nitty <lever). improvement in his health.
epouvanter to terrify, dismay. Avez-vousperdu l'esprit? Have you lott your II est en etat de payer We's in position to pay.
epoux m. husband. senses3 II etait en etat de legitime defense. It was a
s'eprendre to fall in love. C'est un esprit leger. He s a superficialperson. case of legitimate self-defense.
epreuve /. proof, test, trial, ordeal, print (pho- Avoir l'esprit des affaires To have a good busi- Faire grand etat de quelque chose. To makea
tography). ness head lot of fuss about something.
eprouver to try; experience. Presence d'esprit Presenceof mind. Ses etats de service sont bons. Wis record is
J'eprouvedu plaisira vousvoir.I'm veryhappy Etat d esprit Storeof mind. satisfactory.

to see you. esquisse/. sketch L'n etat lucratif. A well-paid job.

Eprouver une perte. To suffer a loss. esquisser to sketch, outline Les bureaux de l'etat. Government bureaus.
Je I'ai eprouve par moi-meme./ went through esquiver to elude, dodge. Les Etats-Unis m. pi. The United States.
the same experiencemyself. s'esquiver to slip off. Aux Etats-Unis. In to) fhe United States.
epuisement m. draining off; exhaustion. essai m. attempt, trial. ETE m. summer.
epuiser to exhaust. C'etait soncoup d'essai.It was hisfirstattempt. ete been.
II a epuise ma patience. He exhausted my Prendre a lessai. To take on approval. eteindre to put out, extinguish; cancel
patience. Mettre a lessai. To put to the test. s'eteindre to die out.
Ce livre est epuise. That book is out of print. Essai de vitesse. Speed test. etendre to spread out, stretch out; extend, expand.
equilibre m. equilibrium, balance. Faire un essai. To try {something)out. s'etendre to extend, stretch
equilibrer to balance. essayage m. fitting; testing. etendue f. expanse, extent.
equipage m. crew. Le salon d'essayage. Fitting room. eternel leternelle /.) adj. eternal.
equipe /. team. ESSAYERto try, try on. eternite f. eternity.
Chef dequipe. Foreman. Laissez-moi essayer. Let me try. eternuer to sneeze.
L'esprit dequipe. Teamspirit. Essayer une robe. To try on a dress. etincelant adj. sparkling.
equiper to equip. essence /. essence, gas. etinceler to sparkle.
equivalent noun (m.) and adj. equivalent. Verifier le niveau d'essence. To check the gas etincelle /. spark.
equivoque adj. equivocal. gauge. etiquette /. label, tag; etiquette.
ereintement m. exhaustion. essentiel m. essential. etoffe /. material.
ereinter to exhaust. L'essentiel. The main point. etoile /. star.
s'ereinter to fire oneself out. essentiel (essentielle/.) adj. essential. etonnant adj. amazing, wonderful.
erieer to erect. essoufleadj. out of breath. etonnement m. amazement;surprise.
errant adj. wandering, roving. essouflerto pur out of breath. etonner to surprise, amaze.
errer to wander, go astray; err, make a mistake. s'essoufflerto he out of breath. etouffer to suffocate;deaden; stifle; hush up.
Nous avons erre toute la nuit. We wandered essuie-mainm. hand towel. etourderie /. thoughtlessaction; blunder.
around the whole night. essuyerto u-tpe,tosuffer,undergo(a loss,blow,etc.). etourdi adj. careless,thoughtless.
Tout le monde pent errer. Anyone is likely to Essuyer la vaisselle. To dry the dishes. etourdissementm. dizziness;shock.
make a mistake. Essuyezvotre figure. Wipe your face. etrange adj. strange;foreign.
erreur /. mistake, error. Essuyer un refus. To meet with a refusal. etranger m. (etrangere/.) foreigner; abroad.
errone adj. erroneous, wrong, mistaken. Essuyerune perte. To suffer a loss. Vivre a l'etranger. To live abroad.
eruption /. eruption. estimation/. estimation,appraising. II y a beaucoup d'etrangers a Paris. 77iereare
etranger 42
extravagance

many foreigners in Paris. eviter to avoid, prevent. Faire l'exercice. To drill.

etranger fetrangere/.) adj. foreign. evoluer to develop, evolve. exhaler to exhale, give vent to.
etrangler to strangle. evolution f. evolution. exhiber to show, produce.
etre m. being, creature. evoquer to evoke. exhibition /. exhibition.
Un etre humain. A human being. EXACT adj. exact, true, correct. exigeant adj. exacting, demanding.
Le bien-etre. Well-being. C'est exact. It's a fact. Elle est exigeante. She's too hard to please
ETRE to be. II n'est jamais exact. He is never on time. exigence /. exactingness;exigence.
Etre fatigue. To be tired. exactement exactly. Satisfaire les exigences. To meet the require-
Etre a l'heure. To be on time. exactitude /. correctness,accuracy. ments.
C est vrai. It's true. exagerer to exaggerate. exiger to exact, require.
A qui est ceci? To whom does this belong? exalter to exalt, extol. Qu'exigez-vousencore de moi? What more do
Qu'est-ce que c'est? What is it? s'exalter to grou; excited, enthusiastic. you expect (want) from me?
II est a Paris. He is in Paris. examen m. examination. L'honneur l'exige. Honor demands it.
II est arrive hier. He arrived yesterday. examiner to examine, investigate. exil m. exile.
J'y suis. / understand. I get it. exasperation /. exasperation. exile noun and adj. exile; exiled.
Vous n'y etes pas. You don't understand. exasperer to exasperate. exiler to exile.
Ainsi soit-il. So be it. s'exasperer to become exasperated. existence/. existence;life.
Etant donne votre refus. Given your refusal. exaucer to fulfill, grant. Slovensd'existence. Means of subsistence.
Ca y est! That's it! exceder to exceed. exister to exist, live.
C'est, ce sont. It (he, she, this, that) is; they are. EXCELLENT adj. excellent. expansion/. expansion.
etreindre to clasp, embrace. excentricite /. eccentricity. expatrier to expatriate.
etreinte /. embrace. excentrique m. and f noun and adj. eccentric. expedier to send off, forward; ship.
etrennes /. pi. New Year's gift. excepte excepting, besides. expediteur m. (expeditrice/.) shipper.
etroit adj. narrow, limited. exception /. exception. expedition/. expedition,shipment.
etroitesse /. narrowness. Sans exception. Without exception. experience/. experience.
ETUDE /. study. exceptionnel (exceptionnelle/.) adj. exceptional. Faire une experience. To experience.To have
L'etude des langues. The study of languages. exces m. excess,intemperance. an experience.
Ce notaire a vendu son etude. That notary has excessif(excessive/.) adj. excessive. expert m. and f. noun and adj. expert.
sold his practice. exciter to excite,stir up, arouse. expiation/. expiation.
A l'etude. Under consideration (of a project, exclamation/. exclamation. expier to expiate, atone for.
etc.). Point d'exclamation. Exclamationmark. expiration/. expiration.
II y fit ses etudes de droit. He studied law there. s'exclamer to exclaim,cry out. expirer to expire;die.
etudiant m. (etudiante /.) student. exclure to exclude. explication/. explanation.
Etudiant en medeeine. Medical student. exclusion/. exclusion. expliquer to explain.
etudier to study. exclusivement exclusively. s'expliquer to understand.
etui m. case, sheath. exclusivite/. exclusiveness. Je ne m'expliquepas comment il a pu le faire.
Etui a cigarettes. Cigarette case. excursion /. excursion, tour. / can't understand how he was able to do
eu had. excusable adj. excusable. it.
EUX they, them. excuse /. excuse, apology, pretense. exploit m. exploit,feat, achievement.
eux-memes(m. pi.) themselves. EXCUSER to excuse. exploitation f. exploitation.
evacuer to evacuate. Excusez-moi. Excuse me. Pardon me. exploiter to expbit. take advantage of; improve.
evade m. escaped prisoner. S'EXCUSER to apobgize. explorer to explore,search.
s'evader to escape, get away. Je m'excuse, cela m'est sorti de la tete. I'm explosion/. explosion.
evaluation /. evaluation. sorry. It slipped my mind. Faire explosion. To blow up.
evaluer to value, estimate. executer to perform, carry out, execute. exportateur m. exporter.
s'evanouir to faint. execution /. execution,performance;enforcement. exportation /. export.
evanouissementm. fainting spell. Mettre un projet en execution. To carry out a exporter to export.
s'evaporer to evaporate. plan. expose m. statement, report.
evasif (evasive/.) adj. evasive. exemplaire m. pattern; sample. Faire l'expose de. To give an account of.
evasion/. escape,flight. En double exemplaire. In duplicate. exposer to show, state, expose,endanger.
eveil m. alarm, awakening. EXEMPLE m. example. Exposersa vie. To risk one's life.
eveille adj. lively, wide-awake. Donner l'exemple. To set the example. exposition/. exhibition;exposition,account.
eveiller to wake, arouse. Suivre l'exemple de quelqu'un. To follow Salle d'exposition.Showroom.
Cela eveilla mon attention. That aroused my someone'sexample. expres on purpose, purposely.
attention. Que ceci vous serve d'exemple. Let this be a C'est un fait expres. It was done on purpose.
Le bmit m'eveilla. The noise woke me up. lesson (warning) to you. expres (expresse/.) adj. express.
s'eveiller to wake up. Supposonsa titre d'exemple. Let's supposefor Par expres. Special delivery.
evenement m. event. argument's sake. expression/. expression.
Le cours des evenements. The course of events. joindre l'exemple a la parole. To suit the ac- exprimer to express.
Cela fera evenement. That wdl cause quite a tion
thetoword. exquis adj. exquisite.
stir. Etre un exemple de vertu. To be a model of extase /. ecstasy, rapture.
eventuel (eventuelle /.) adj. possible, likely to virtue. s'extasier to go into raptures.
happen. Par exemple!Reallyl How do you like that! extension f. extension,extent.
eventuellement possibly,on occasion. Ca, par exemple, c'est trop fort. That, really, s'extenuer to wear oneself out.
eveque m. bishop. is too much. exterieur noun (m.) and adj. exterior.
evidemment evidently; naturally. Par exemple. For example. A l'exterieur. Outside.
Evidemment, il faut y alter. Of course, we exempt adj. exempt. exterieurement externally.
have to go. Exempt de droits. Duty-free. exterminer to exterminate,annihilate.
evidence /. evidence, conspicuousness. exercer to exercise, practice, exert. extra m. exrra.
En evidence. Conspicuous. s'exercer to drill, practice. extraire to extract, draw out.
Mettre en evidence. To make evident. exercice m. exercise, practice. extrait m. extract.
evident adj. evident. Exercice d'une profession.Practice of a pro- extraordinaire adj. extraordinary.
evier m. kitchen sink. fession. extravagance/. extravagance.
oxtra1 i 43 fait

rv(ni\tfguntadj txtravo§ant S.<rnftCOIl dimply Informally Without any Faire bon voyage To hai t a g<xxltrip
cvlrrmc ID . stteim UfmOfl fuss Faire de ralpmism*- /" fp "uiuntom 1limbing
cxIrenuMiH'iil tttrt mely Je n'aime pas la facon de cette robe / dm t Faire de son mien- best
rttrrmitt- I tXtrtmittf Uk< the i ul nmki 0/ (Ml dress. Faire des photwgraphieis To take photos
exuberance / e\uberam I Qu'est-ce que c'est que ces facons' What tort pu tUt
exuberant Bdjj<xulnrant. mtnodtrOti of manners are thesi % What
- kind of hehni Faire des repas legers To take light meals
un U this-1 Is (Ml the uay to behave? Faire des sports d'hiver Topractice engage in
faconner to u ork. shape. u inter sports
F fl>< suf/i ktttl "I the alphabet.
facteur m factor, postman Faire dix minutes de marche. To walk for ten
fable f fabk II est important de prendre tons ces facteurs mini.
fabricant m manufacturer, null N Mf en consideration. It's important to take all Faire du cyclisme. To ride a hit y>fa
fabrication/ manufmlure tin m fat tort inin 1onskUretkm Faire dll ski Mifthffi To g" unter skiing
fabrique/ factory,monufactun A quelle heure vient la facteur*' VvTiaftime Faire I affaire de To meet the need
La marque de fabnqur Iht trade-mark. does the postman Faire la connaissance de To make the ai quaint
( est le prix de fabrique ff'l 'n< COM pn<> faction f sentry duty ance of.
fabriquer to manufai tare facture f bill, bio ; Faire la quete. To take up a collection(church)
II fabrique da % tltOC He manufactures cars. facultatif facultative f.] ad) irphonal Faire la queue. To stand on line.
Quest it tut VOUIeta en train de fabriquer faculte f faculty Faire le plein (d'essence). To fill up uith
i/am I? VvTiaf are you doing' What are you La faculte de droit The law faculty gasoline
up to? II a encore toutes ses facultes He's still m Faire mal To hurt
fabuleusement fabulously. posession of all his faculties Faire mieux de To do better to.
fabuleux >fabuleu\e f.) adj fabulous. fade adj insipid Faire partie de. To be part of.
facade f front, facade. FAIBLE adj weak Faire salle eomble To draw a full house
face /. face faiblesse / wool theatre
Face a face. Face to face. faiblir to weaken Faire signe a. To motion to.
II faut considerer ce probleme sur toutes ses faience f. pottery Faire une commission. To take, deliver a
faces. We must consulcr this problem in faillir to fail, err, be on the point of, go bankrupt message.
all its aspects. En cela, il a failli. He failed in that. Faire un essai. To try something out.
Pile ou face. Heads or tails. Elle a failli tomber She came near falling. Faire un prix global. To make a total price.
Regardez en face Lookon the oppositeside She almost fell Faire un tour un voyage). To take a trip.
Ma maisonfait face a la poste. My house faces faillite / bankruptcy. Faire une toumee. To go on tour theatre).
the post office. FAIM /. nunger. Fait a la main. Handmade.
faeetieux (facetieuse/.) adj. facetious. Assouvirsa faim. To satisfy one's hunger II fait beau 'chaud, doux, du soleil, du vent,
fache adj. offended, vexed, angry. J'ai une faim de loup. I'm terribly hungry. frais. froid, mauvaisi. The weather is fine
facher to offend, displease. Je mourais de faim / was starved uarm, mild, sunny, windy, cool,cold,bad
Vous le facherez en faisant cela. You will faineant noun and adj. lazy, idle Pourquoi faire? What for?
offend him {makehim angry) by doing that FAIRE to do, make Tout a fait. Quite, entirely, altogether
Soit dit sans vousfacher. / hope you won t feel Que faites-vousdemain5 What are you doing sen faire to worry.
offendedby what I say. Please don't take tomorrow1 Ne ten fais pas. Don'r worry.
offense (at what I'm going to say). II a fait cette radio lui-meme. He built this se faire to be made, be done; get used to.
s* facher to take offense, get angry. radio himself. II se fait du mauvais sang. He worries himself
II s'est fache tout rouge. He lost his temper Faites comme vous voudrez. Do as you like sick.
completely.He flared up. Faites-le-moi voir. Shou' if to me. Let me see it II se fit naturaliser Americain. He became a
II se fache pour un rien. He takes offense at II a fait son devoir. He did his duty. naturalized American citizen.
the least little thing. II a fait son chemin. He made his way in the On se fait a tout. One gets used to everything.
Ne vous fachez pas. Don't get angry. world. II se fait tard. It's getting late.
facheux facheuse/.) adj. annoying. II a fait beaucoupd'argent l'an passe.Hemadea Comment se fait-il quelle ne soit pas ici? How
Un incident facheux. An awkward incident. lot of money last year. come she's not here'
FACILE adj. easy. II fait ses etudes a Londres. He's studying Cela ne se fait pas. People don t do that That's
C'est plus facile a dire qua faire. It's easier in London. not done.
said than done. Qu'est-ce que vous voulez que j'y fasse?What faire faire to have done.
II est facile a vivre. He's easy to get along with. can I do about it? Faire faire le graissage. To have a lubrication
FACILEMENT easily, Vous pouvez faire usage de ma voiture. You job done.
facilite f. facility, ease. can use my car. se faire faire to have somethingdone or made for
II fait tout avec facilite. He does everything Faire une promenade. To go for a walk. oneself.
with ease. Toute reflexion faite. All things considered. Se faire faire les ongles(une mise en plis). To
Facilites de pavements. Easy terms. II ne sait que faire. He doesn 't know what to do. have one's nails done [one's hair set).
faciliter to facilitate, make easy. II n'v a rien a faire. There's nothing to be done. faiseur m. ifaiseuse f.\ maker.
FACON /. manner. Qu'est-ce que ca fait5 What does it matter? Un faiseur de projets. A schemer.
De facon a. So as to. Ca ne fait rien. It doesn't matter. It doesn't C'est un faiseur! He's a bluffer!
Dune facon ou dune autre. Sow way or make any difference. FAIT m. fact; act.
other. One way or another. Deux et deux font quatre. Two and two are Un fait accompli. A fait accompli.An accom-
En aucune fa?on. By no means. four. plished
A fact.
thing already done.
De cette facon, je vous attends demain. Then II fait nuit. It's dark (night). II etait bien au courant du fait. He was well
I'll expect you tomorrow. II n'en fait qu'a sa tete. He does as he pleases. awAireof the fact.
De toute facon, je vous verrai demain. Any- II lui a fait dire de venir. He sent him word to Allons au fait. Let's come to the point.
how,see
I'll you tomorrow. come. Je vais vous mettre au fait. 77/ acquaint you
Ne faites pas taut de fa-jons. Don f stand on Faites-le entrer. Show him in. with the matter.
Cela fait soixante-douze francs. That's seventy- Ces faits sont assez rares. These occurrences
ceremony.
C'est sa facon de parler. That's his way of two francs. are rather rare. Thesethingsseldomhappen
speaking. That's the way he speaks. Comment fait-on pour . . . How does one go (occur).
Je vais lui dire ma facjonde penser. I'll give about . . . Si fait, si fait. Yes, indeed.
him a piece of my mind. Elle ne fait que parler. She does nothing but talk. Au fait. By the way.
fait 44 fiction

fait clone,made. fatigant adj. tiring. Partez-vous par chemin de fer? Are you going
falte /. top, summit. fatigue /. fatigue, weariness. by train?
falaise/. cliff. Tomber de fatigue. To be dead tired. ("To Voulez-vousdonnerun coupde fera maeravate,
FALLOIR to he necessary. drop with fatigue.") je vous prie. Please press my tie.
Nous avons tout ce qu'il nous faut. We've Je suis mort de fatigue. I'm dead tired. ferme /. farm.
everythingice need. Habits de fatigue. Workingclothes. ferine adj. firm, steady.
Merci, c'etait juste ce qu'il me fallait. Thanks fatigue adj. tired. fermementfirmly.
a lot, that's just ichat I needed. fatiguer to tire, wear out. FERMER to close, shut.
II sen est fallu de pen pour que je reussisse. / fatuite /. self-conceit. Fermez la porte. Close (shut) the door.
nearly succeeded. faubourg m. suburb, outlying part of a city. Fermer une lettre. To seal a letter.
II faut que vous y alliez. You must go there. se faufiler to slip in or out of a place. J'ai ferme l'eau (le gas). / turned off the water
II faut avouer que c'est un peu de notre faute. fausser to falsify, distort. (the gas).
We must admit that it's partly our fault. Fausser une de. To bend a key. II n'a pu fermer l'oeil de la nuit. He couldn't
II fallait voir ca, 9a valait mille! You ought Fausser une serrure. To tamper with a lock. sleep a wink last night.
to have seen it, it was worth a fortune! faussete/. falsehood;falseness. On ferme. It's cbsing time.
II faudra que j'v aille. ill have to go there. FAUTE /. lack, need; mistake;fault. fermete /. firmness,hardness.
Vous l'avez fait? —II a bien fallu. Did you do Faire faute. To he lacking. fermeture f. closing.
it? — / didn t have any choice. I had to. II leur a fait faute. He let them down. Heure de fermeture. Closingtime.
C'est un jeune homme comme il faut. He's Sans faute. Without fail. Une fermeture eclair. A zipper.
a well-bred young man. Je viendrais sans faute. I'll come without fail. fermier m. (fermiere/.) farmer.
Combien de temps faudra-t-il? How much time II parle francais sans faute. He speaks French feroce adj. ferocious.
[how long) will it take? without any mistakes. ferraille/. scrap iron.
II ne faut pas tout croire. You mustn t believe Corrigez mes fautes, s'il vous plait. Please fertile adj. fertile, fruitful.
everything. correct my mistakes. fertilite /. fertility.
S'il le faut. // necessary. II est en faute. He made a mistake. He's guilty. fervent noun and adj. enthusiast;fervent.
Tout ce qu'il vous faut. Everythingyou need. Ce n'est pas (de) sa faute. It's not his fault. ferveur /. fervor.
fameusementfamously; awfully. A qui la faute? Whosefault is it? fess£e/. spanking.
FAMEUX(fameuse/.) adj. famous. Faire une faute. To make a mistake. festin /. feast.
familiariserto familiarize. Faute d'orthographe.Spellingmistake. festival m. (festivauxpi.) festival.
familiarite/. familiarity. Faute de jugement. A mistake in judgment. FETE f. holiday, name day; festivity.
familier m. closefriend, a friend of the family. An error of judgment. Que lui offrirez-vous pour sa fete? What will
II est un des familiers de la maison. He's a Faute d'inattention. A slip. you give him for his name day?
friend of the family. Faute de mieux.For ivant of somethingbetter. Ce nest pas tous les jours fete. Christmas
familier (familiere f.) adj. familiar. fauteuil m. armchair. comes but once a year. We'll make this
Tres vite le nouveau systeme lui devint fa- Le fauteuil d'orchestre. Orchestraseat. an occasion.
milier.
soonHe
became accustomedto the fautif (fautive/.) adj. faulty. On lui fera fete. We 7/ giue him a hearty wel-
new system. FAUX ffausse/.) adj. false. come.
Ce visage m'est familier. I've seen that face II fait fausse route. He took the wrong road. Ce serait une fete de les voir. It would be a
before. He is on the wrong track. treat to see them.
familierementfamiliarly. C'est un faux bonhomme. He's a hypocrite. La fete bat son plein. The festival is at its
FAMILLE /. family. II a fait un faux-pas.He committeda faux-pas height. The celebrationis in full swing.
Toute ma famille etait la. My whole family (an error of conduct). He made a mistake feter to celebrate.
was there. (blunder). FEU m. fire, heat, flame; traffic light.
Quel est votre nom de famille? What's your Un faux numero. Wrong number (telephone). Voulez-vous me donner du feu, s'il vous plait?
last name? FAVEUR/. favor, good will. May I have a light, please?
lis ont un air de famille. They have (bear) a Une faveur insigne.A specialfavor. Au feu! Fire!
family resemblance. Cette mode a pris faveur. This fashion is in Jeter de l'huile sur le feu. To add fuel to the
famine /. starvation.