COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING

MATERIALS

Sector : AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT SECTOR

Qualification Title : DRIVING NC II

Unit of Competency: CARRYOUT MINOR VEHICLE

Module Title : CARRYING OUT MINOR VEHICLE

Purok 8-B Curvada, Magdum, Tagum City Davao

Del Norte

MODULE
ONE
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome!
The unit of competency “Carry out Minor Vehicle Maintenance
and Servicing” is one of the competencies of Driving NCII, a course
that covers the skills knowledge, attitudes required to clean vehicle unit,
and maintain and service the vehicle units.
The module, carrying out minor vehicle maintenance and servicing
contains competencies and learning outcomes, activities/tasks/ jobs that
includes in cleaning vehicle unit, and maintaining and service the vehicle
units.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning
activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning
outcome, there are Information sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheets/Job
Sheets. Follow them and perform the activities on your own. If you have
questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.

Remember to:
● Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
● Read information sheets and complete the Self-Check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided I this
module.
● Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
She is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
● You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during
your regular work shifts. This way, you will improve your confidence,
speed and memory.
● Use the Self-Checks, Task sheets or Job Sheets at the end of each
section to test your own progress. The Performance Criteria
Checklist will be used to check your performances.
● When you feel confident that you have sufficient practice, ask your
Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in the Achievement chart and the Progress chart.

You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this

competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 1 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner’s guide because you have:
● Been working for some time
● Already completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular outcome, you don’t have to do the same training again.
Talk to your trainer about having them formally recognized. If you
have a qualification or certificate of competence from previous training,
show it to your trainer. If the skills, you acquired are still current and
relevant to the unit/s of competency they may become part of the
evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the accuracy
of your skills discuss this with your trainer.

After completing this module ask your trainer to assess your

competency. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to
complete at your own pace.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 2 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 LIST OF BASIC COMPETENCIES

DRIVING NC II

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Carry out Minor Carryout Minor Vehicle
1. Vehicle Maintenance Maintenance and
and Servicing Servicing
2. Drive Light Vehicle Driving Light Vehicle

Obey and Observe Obeying and Observe

3. Traffic Rules and Traffic Rules and
Regulations Regulations
Implement and Implementing and
4. Coordinate Accident Coordinating Accident
Emergency Procedures Emergency Procedures

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 3 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 MODULE CONTENT

QUALIFICATION TITLE : Driving NCII

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Carry out Minor Vehicle Maintenance and

Servicing

MODULE TITLE : Carrying out Minor Vehicle Maintenance

and Servicing

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit involves the skills and knowledge

and attitudes required to carry out basic
servicing and maintenance of a light vehicle
such as cleaning the vehicle. It also includes
action to implement the vehicle
manufacturer’s specifications for routine
checks and maintenance and that the
vehicle is operational to the requirements of
both the workplace and the relevant road
and traffic authority.

NOMINAL DURATION : 15 hours

Learning Outcome: Upon completion of this module, the

trainee/student will be able to:

1. Clean Vehicle Unit

2. Maintain and Service the Vehicle Units

Assessment Criteria:

1. Vehicle is cleaned as prescribed procedures using appropriate

cleaning supplies, tools, equipment and according to
Occupational Health and Safety (OSHS)
2. Wastes are disposed of as per relevant ordinance, rules of law
3. Minor routine checks are undertaken based on manufacturer’s
manual
4. Minor routine checks are undertaken based on manufacturer’s
manual
5. Brakes are inspected and appropriate action is undertaken in
accordance with manufacturer’s specifications
6. Complex repair and service requirements are identified and
referred following workplace procedures.
7. Records of routine servicing, maintenance and repairs are kept
and updated in accordance with workplace procedures.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 4 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 1 CLEAN VEHICLE UNIT

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1.1 Vehicle is cleaned as prescribed procedures using appropriate

cleaning supplies, tools, equipment and according to Occupational
Health and Safety (OSHS)
1.2 Wastes are disposed of as per relevant ordinance, rules of law

CONTENTS

● Parts and Functions of Light Vehicle

● Cleaning Materials
● Relevant OHS and proper disposal of wastes
● Care and use of cleaning tools and equipment
● Cleaning Vehicle Unit

CONDITIONS: The Trainee must be provided with the following:

● Light Vehicle Unit

● Supplies and Materials Relevant to Task
● Tools and Equipment Relevant to Task
● Workplace for Conducting Routine Servicing and Maintenance
● A small Room for Written Examination
● Learning Modules

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

● Written examination
● Demonstration

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 5 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF LIGHT VEHICLE

Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, the student must be able to

1. Identify and discuss the parts of a Vehicle and its function,

2. and appreciate the importance of each part of the vehicle and its
functions.

WHAT IS DEFINED AS A LIGHT VEHICLE?

A vehicle designed to carry small loads or a small number of passengers

up to an officially set weight or number, such as a car, van, motorbike,
and scooter.
Let’s look at parts of a car’s exterior and under hood components.
Wheel/Tires: All cars have four wheels. Car tires are the black components
that contact the road. Automakers manufacture them with rubber
materials and they have nitrogen or air inside. Manufacturers attached the
tires to the wheels. The inner part of the tire houses the rim. Your car is a
complex and super powerful road beast. It comprises thousands of
components that work in harmony to offer a nice and seamless driving
experience. If any of these components stop working, it may alter the
overall vehicle performance.

Car Parts Name

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 6 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
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HERE ARE THE LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PARTS OF A CAR

 Wheel/Tires  Alternator
 Trunk  Battery
 Hood  Transmission
 Turn Signal/Taillights  Engine
 Headlight  Air Filters
 Speedometer  Fuel Gauge
 Windshield Wipers  Temperature Gauge
 Windscreen  Rev Counter
 Steering Wheel  License Plate
 Seat Belt  Rear Suspension
 Gear Lever  Rear Axle
 Brakes  Fuel Tank
 Muffler  Tailpipe
 Catalyst Converter  Tire/Wheel
 Suspensions and Front Steering  Pistons
 Front Axle  A/C Compressors
 Radiator  Engine Fan
 Clutch  Spare Tires
 Spark Plugs

Car Parts Diagram

Wheel/Tires - All cars have four wheels. Car tires are the black
components that contact the road. Automakers manufacture them with
rubber materials and they have nitrogen or air inside.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 7 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
Manufacturers attached the tires to the wheels. The inner part of the tire
houses the rim. Mechanics and motorists use tires, wheels, and rims
interchangeably.

Trunk: The trunk is located at the rear end of the

car. They are primarily made to carry luggage or
cargo in convertibles, sedans, or coupes. North
Americans use the term ‘trunk’, while other English-
speaking countries call it to boot.

Before the invention of automobiles, boots refer to

the carriage compartment built in a horse-driven
carriage. They meant boots for the coachmen to
relax when traveling in the early days. Later,
merchandisers use it for goods carriage.

Hood: The hood is the cover that rests on the

engine compartment. Some English-speaking
countries call it bonnet. So, mechanical and
motorists use hoods and bonnets
interchangeably. Its primary purpose is to cover
the engine compartment from dirt and rain.

It has a concealed latch used to lock it by

pressing it down. Some vehicles have hood pins
instead of latches. Manufacturers make car hoods with aluminum or steel
materials. Sometimes, hoods house power bulges, wiper jets, hood
scoops, and/or other hood components.

Turn signal/tail
lights: Manufacturers mount tail lights
on the rear of the car above the
bumper. They have red color and white
lights that show when going in reverse.

When traveling at night, tail

lights notify other drivers and users of
your presence to avoid collisions.

Turn signals, blinking lamps, or

direction-indicator lights are small lights mounted on the right and left
corners of the front and rear ends of a vehicle. They have yellow in color.
The driver activates them when making corners and they turn off the
moment the driver returns the steering wheel.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 8 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 Headlight: The headlight is the big
lamps on the left and right ends of the
front of a vehicle. Drivers use them to
illuminate lights on the road when
traveling at night. There has been a
misconception between headlights and
headlamps. To be precise, headlamp is
the name of the component, while
headlight is the name of the light inside.

Aside from the primary function of the headlamps – to illuminate light

ahead of the driver, it has evolved over the years. Headlamps are now
used to add aesthetics to car designs.

Seat belts: The seat belts also referred to

as safety belts, are a safety feature in
vehicles to restrain the driver and
passengers from flipping out of the car in
case of a collision.

This is one of the safest parts of a car

inside the vehicle. Seat belts reduce injury
impacts on the driver and passengers from interior strike hazards.

Speedometer: A speedometer is a
vehicle component that states the speed
at which a vehicle travels. This
component comes with an odometer that
records the distance covered.

A speedometer is also known as a speed

meter. It calculates and projects the
speed of a vehicle. Speed meters have
specific names on various vehicles and
have different means of measuring the vehicle speed. It is called an
airspeed indicator in airplanes and pit logs in boats.

Gear shifts: Gear shifts, also known

as gear levers or gear sticks, are an
essential vehicle component. Drivers
use it to put cars in different gear
ranges.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 9 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
On manual transmission cars, gear shifts have a direct connection with
the transmission. It is also a stick shift or transmission lever. These terms
are most common with manual transmissions, while it’s called gear
selector in automatic transmission.

Drivers use gear shifts to change gears whilst pressing down the clutch
pedal to disengage the engine from the transmission and wheels.

Automatic transmissions and continuously variable transmissions do not

have clutch pedals. Therefore, you can engage the gears without
depressing a clutch pedal.

Steering wheel: The steering wheel is an

important component of any car. It is used to
control the direction of the car. It changes the
driver’s rotational control into the swiveling
movement of the car’s front wheels.

The driver’s command via the wheel rotational

movement crosses a series of hydraulic lines
and joints before reaching the rack and
pinions to turn the wheels.

The steering wheel on modern cars

features cruise control, paddle shifters, audio system volume, and
selection buttons. Some steering wheels on high-performance cars are
electrically controlled.

Windshield wiper: Windshield wipers

are one of the safest parts of a car
body. Drivers use it to wipe out
raindrops, water, ice, snow, and/or dirt
from the windscreen so they can have
a clear view.

Almost all vehicles such as passenger

cars, sedans, coupes, convertibles,
trucks, watercraft with cabins, train
locomotives, and some airplanes have wipers. This feature is a legal
requirement.

Windshield wipers comprise a rubber blade and metal arms. The arms are
a strong metal powered by an electric motor.

Whenever the driver turns on the blade switch, it swings up and down in
the windscreen to clear off raindrops,
ice, and other precipitation.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 10 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
Front axles: This is a strong metal component and a part of
the suspension systems. It assists the steering system and helps in
absorbing road bumps. And it comprises four components, which include
the stub axle, track rod, beam, and swivel pin.

Rear axles: The rear axle plays a

major role between the driving
wheels and the differential. It
distributes power between the two
rear wheels. The rear axle consists
of two components known as half
shafts. Both axles connect to the
differentials from the opposite
wheels. Most rear axles spin with
the vehicle wheels.

Shock absorbers: These are essential

vehicle components. Some experts
categorize them under suspension
systems. They have to absorb vehicle
vibration when traveling on uneven
pavements. They also help to control the
rebound movement of the leaf and coil
springs.

Amongst other functions, shock

absorbers ensure the vehicle tires hug the
roads perfectly. By that, it ensures
optimum braking response and safest
control. Tires are the only vehicle components that have direct contact
with the road. Therefore, it also needs support from other vehicle
components. And, the shock absorber acts as a major support to the
wheels.

Suspension Components: The

suspension system comprises the
components underneath the wheel
housing such as ball joints, tie
rods, control bushings, etc. These
components connect the vehicle to the
wheel and allow relative movement.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 11 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
The suspension system plays a significant role in keeping the tires in
perfect contact with the road and absorbing road bumps. It also protects
the entire vehicle and cargo or luggage from damage. Suspension
systems also come in different designs.

Radiator: The radiator is a vital cooling system component that helps to

expel excess heat from the engine coolant. It works in harmony with
the radiator hose, water pumps,
water jackets, thermostats, and
cooling fans to circulate coolant to
the engine and prevent it from
overheating.

Antifreeze travels from the radiator,

through the radiator hoses, and
the thermostat to absorb engine heat
and return to the radiator. Before
going back to the engine, the hot
coolant gets cooled in the radiator.

The ambient air flows through the front grille and cools the heated coolant
from the radiator’s thin layers when driving. When in traffic or idling, the
radiator fan does the cooling alone.

This process continues to ensure the engine runs at an optimal operating

temperature.

Batteries: This is an essential component

of a car. Without it, your vehicle won’t start.
The battery supplies power to the electrical
systems to turn on the motor.

In internal combustion engine vehicles,

when the driver shut down the vehicle, it
requires electrical power from the battery
to start it. It works hand in hand with the
positive and negative battery terminals to
distribute electric flows to the system
components.

Alternator: This works in harmony with

the battery. While the battery supplies
electric flow to start the vehicle when it’s
off, the alternator keeps the vehicle
running.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 12 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
Electronic components do not work with direct current from the battery.
They rely on the alternating current from the alternator to function.

Dashboard instruments, radios, windshield wipers, electric steering,

heated seats, power steering, and headlights function with the alternating
current.

The alternator also keeps the battery charged to enable it to start the
vehicle when you turn it off. The alternator converts mechanical energy
from the engine into the electric current. There’s a serpentine belt that
links the engine pulley to the alternator to keep it working once you turn
on the engine.

Brakes: The brakes are a set of mechanical components that slow down
or stop a moving vehicle. Without a good functioning brake system, a car
will not stop when it’s needed to.

This can cause a minor scratch or a major

collision. Simple scheduled maintenance
helps to keep your brakes active in all
situations and offers a quick response
when you depress the brake pedal.

Parts of a car brake you should know

includes brake pads, brake pedals, ABS
control module, wheel speed sensor, shoe
brakes, emergency brakes, disc rotor,
brake booster, wheel cylinder, or brake pot, etc.

Muffler: Mufflers are part of the exhaust

system, and the manufacturers mount them
at the rear end of the car. It reduces engine
noise produced during the combustion
process.

Automakers produce mufflers with steel

materials and coat them with aluminum to
prevent premature wear from the toxic chemicals produced by the engine.
They’re also referred to as a silencer, as they silence or reduce loud
engine noise.

Catalytic Converter: The catalytic

converter is an exhaust emission control
component that converts toxic gases from
the combustion chamber into less toxic
ones. It is seen on ICE vehicles – both
gasoline and diesel.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 13 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 Tailpipe: A tailpipe is at the rare end of an
exhaust system. It is used to expel exhaust
byproducts into the atmosphere. Exhaust
pipes link several exhaust components
together.

They can damage because of broken

brackets, corrosion from age, and failed
seals.

Temperature gauge: The temperature

gauge is an important cooling system
component that is on the instrument
cluster. It measures the temperature of the
engine coolant and projects it on the
dashboard. It shows whether the cooling is
running below normal temperature,
operating at the right temp, or the engine
is overheating.

The average temp reading may vary from

car to car. Try to know where the average
temp of your car settles at the normal
operating level so you can detect when
something is going wrong.

Fuel Tank: The fuel tank, also

known as the gas tank, is
mounted under the middle or
rear end of a vehicle. As the
name suggests, the fuel tank is a
container or tank that contains
the fuel in a car. It also contains
the fuel pump, fuel filter, and
fuel gauge.

You can fill the tank through the gas cap. The fuel pump then exports the
gas through the fuel lines to the injectors. As the pump sucks the fuel, the
fuel filter, also known as a strainer, filters dirt
and other contaminants from the fuel before it
gets into the pump. The fuel lines are made of
strong metal materials.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 14 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
Fuel Gauge: The fuel gauge is an important fuel system component that
measures the amount of fuel in the tank. It works with a sending or
sensing unit to project the level of gas on the dashboard.

It’s essential to ensure that the fuel gauge is working at all times. If it
stops working, the driver will not know when the vehicle runs out of gas.
This can stop the vehicle in the middle of nowhere.

Temperature gauge: Like the fuel gauge,

the temperature gauge measures the engine
coolant temperature. The temperature
gauge works with the temperature sensor,
which has a direct link to the engine coolant.
The temp gauge is a dial on the instrument
cluster that shows when the engine coolant
temperature is low, average, and/or
overheating.

When the engine is running at normal

operating temperature, the dial will stay
somewhere around the middle of the hot and
cold levels indicator.

Note that the normal temperature reading position varies from car to car.
Your vehicle’s normal reading can be above the cold level, in the middle,
or somewhat above the centerline.

Rev Counter: A rev counter, also known

as a tachometer, revolution counter, or
RPM gauge, is a device that measures the
rotational speed of a disc or shaft in
vehicles or any machines. The rev counter
projects the revolution per minute (RPM)
on the instrument cluster in an analog or
digital form. In vehicles, a tachometer
displays the rotational speed of the engine
crankshaft.

License plate: The license plate is

the plate on the front bumper or rear
bumper of a vehicle with
alphanumeric digits. These digits are

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 15 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
the identification of a particular vehicle. Bumper stickers are mere stickers
on a vehicle to decorate it.

Transmission: This is one of the most

important parts of a car. Without it, the
vehicle cannot move. The transmission
connects to the rear end of the engine.
It converts the engine force to physical
momentum to move the wheels.

The transmission takes command from

the drivers and changes the gears
depending on the engine speed. The
driver’s commands notify the transmission to change to higher or lower
gears by accelerating or decelerating the engine.

It is important to note that the engine and the transmission work in

harmony. If the engine malfunctions, it’ll affect the overall performance of
the transmission. And if the transmission suffers any damage, it’ll also
affect the optimal engine performance.

The engine and transmission have to be in good working condition for the
vehicle to provide enough speed and torque.

Engine: The engine is the key

component in a vehicle. Experts
consider it the heart of the
vehicle. Without it, the vehicle
cannot start or move. It
comprises several components,
which work harmoniously to
provide optimal performance.

It works by converting heat to a

burning gas that drives the
wheels with the help of a
transmission. An engine has two
major segments; the lower and upper segments.

The upper segment is the smaller part. It is called the head cylinder.
Whereas the lower segment, known as the engine block, is the heavier
part. Between both segments lies
the head gasket, which provides
sealant between both segments.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 16 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
A/C Compressor: Air conditioning systems enable a comfortable driving
experience. The AC compressor is a major component of the air
conditioner. As the name suggests, it compresses air conditioning
refrigerant from gas to a liquid state. When the refrigerant is in gas form,
it absorbs heat.

If the AC compressor malfunctions, it’ll affect the overall AC system

performance. The compressor functions as long as there’s adequate
refrigerant and there’s no leak in the system or other issues, like a broken
engine cooling fan.

Clutch: The clutch is a device that

helps transfer power from the engine
to the transmission. The clutch
receives information from the driver
via the clutch pedal. It is a left foot
pedal next to the brake pedal.

When a driver depresses the clutch

pedal, it stops the engine power from
transferring to the transmission.
Therefore, the driver has to depress
the clutch pedal before changing
gears.

Air filters: Air filters stop dirt and

other contaminants from entering the
cabin or engine. There are two types of
air filters in cars. First, we have the
one that filters the air entering the
engine, and the second is the one that
filters the air entering the cabin, so
there won’t be dirt or dust entering
inside the vehicle.

The engine needs an air/fuel mixture

during the combustion process. The
required air passes through the air
filter to prevent transporting dirt, dust,
and other contaminants into the
combustion chamber. Cleaning or
replacement of the air filters is required when they clog. This will enable
better fuel economy.

Spark plugs: The spark plugs ignite

the air-fuel mixture in the
combustion chamber. It works as
fast as or as low as the engine

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 17 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
revolution per minute. The spark plug should work effectively at all times.
If any of it malfunctions, it’ll cause an engine misfire, rough idling, loss of
engine power, and knocking.

If your engine is malfunctioning and you suspect the spark plugs as the
culprit, remove it and inspect it. Clean or replace the spark plugs if you
see deposits on the tip or thread.

Spare tire: A spare tire is as

important as the ones on the wheels.
It gives you peace of mind when
traveling in case your tires run flat on
the way. You’ll know the Importance
of spare tires when you have flat tires
in the middle of nowhere.

With the spare tire in place, you can

install it and continue your journey.
Once you get to your destination, fix
the former tire and reinstall it. Do not
leave a spare tire on your wheels for
an extended period.

Whether the spare tire is a donut or regular spare tire size, reinstall the
previous tire. Vehicles only need spare tires during emergencies. Always
ensure they are at the correct PSI.

Pistons: Pistons are one of the major

reciprocating components of an
engine. A vehicle engine can have as
low as three pistons or as high as
sixteen pistons. An average car has
four to six pistons.

As the pistons rotate inside the

engine, they turn the crankshaft,
which delivers power to the wheels to
enable the car to move. The speed of
the engine is determined by the rotational speed of the pistons and the
crankshaft.

SELF CHECK 1.1-1

PART AND FUNCTION OF A LIGHT VEHICLE

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
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MULTIPLE CHOICE

INSTRUCTION: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. One of the major reciprocating components of an engine.

a. Pistons
b. Spare Tires
c. Spark Plugs
d. Wheel/Tire

2. One that ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. It works
as fast as or as low as the engine revolution per minute.
a. Spare Tires
b. Wheel/Tire
c. Spark Plugs
d. Pistons

3. Stop the dirt and other contaminants from entering the cabin or engine.
a. Wheel/Tires
b. Spark Plugs
c. Spare Tires
d. Air Filters

4. A device that helps transfer power from the engine to the transmission.
a. Clutch
b. A/C Compressor
c. Engine
d. Steering Wheel

5. Also known as gear levers or gear sticks, and are essential vehicle
component.
a. Gear Shifts
b. Steering Wheel
c. Air Filters
d. Spark Plugs

ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

1. A
2. C

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 3. D
4. A
5. A

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

CLEANING MATERIALS

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Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, the student must be able to

1. Identify cleaning materials according to the prescribed standard

requirements in cleaning light vehicle,
2. give examples of prescribed cleaning materials based on standard
requirements in cleaning light vehicle,
3. and classify the prescribed cleaning materials based on standard
requirements in cleaning light vehicle.

The looks and cleanliness for every vehicle matters. If you’re anything like
me, tidying up your car often feels like a chore that takes too much
precious time on your weekends when that time could be better spent
enjoying time with friends or family.
Wiping off dirt from your hood, scrubbing off stubborn brake dust and bug
guts can take forever! But, taking the time to thoroughly clean your car’s
paintwork, exterior and interior is well worth it when you see the end
result. Seeing your car from a “warzone” look to a “brand” new look really
pays off all the effort in wiping and scrubbing.
Here are 7 must haves you would need in cleaning your car and how to
get the best result with minimal effort:

1. BUCKET AND SPONGE

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As every teacher and coach would say, always start with the basics. A
good quality sponge and a decent sized bucket will definitely allow you to
have a continuous supply of soapy water to clean even the largest of
vehicles.
Prepare two buckets to easily segregate the bucket where you clean off
your dirty sponge vs the bucket to wipe off your vehicle. One with your
soapy solution and the other with fresh, clean water. With this kind of
setup, you can easily rinse your sponge in the clean water to remove any
dirt and debris before wiping it back to your vehicle.

2. CAR WASH LIQUID

This products will help eliminate hard
water spots that can be left on your
paintwork as a result of minerals in the
mains water. Choose a liquid that bubbles
up, to help remove the grit and grime on
your paintwork. Some products offer car
wash and wax in one bottle. While this may
be good to save some time, it won’t
provide as much protection or shine as a
separate polish and wax.

3. WHEEL CLEANER AND TIRE BLACK

As they say, your vehicle’s wheels are the

Jordan’s shoes of your feet! The wheels on
your car are subject to brake dust as well as
road grime and tar and can be difficult to keep
clean.
Remove this stubborn grit and grime by using
a proper cleaner designed just for your wheels.
It’s even more effective when combined with a
wheel brush. Simply spray the cleaner on to
the surface of your wheels, attack the brake dust
and grime with the brush and rinse to bring
your wheels back to showroom condition!

4. CAR SCENT

Traditional air purifiers, the kinds designed to

hang from your rear view and clip onto the

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passenger side air vent, can add a pleasant scent to your vehicle. But
there is a cost effective product which you can use. Simply buying car
scents to your taste and keeping them inside your vehicle will definitely
help in banishing bad odor or smell. Blade Automotive offers a wide
variety of car scents for you and even product bundles!

5. MICROFIBER CLOTH

What is it about microfiber cloths that make

them so great at cleaning your vehicle?
Microfiber cloths are so soft that they don't
scratch your car's finish and they don't
leave lint behind on the body, paint,
windows, or lights. These microfiber cloth
mitts improve upon the utility of microfiber
cloths by amping up the convenience factor.

6. RAIN REPELLANT

This is the same for the glass cleaner!

Spray it on, then wipe it off—that's all it
takes to make your car practically
invulnerable to water marks, bug splats,
and road spray. Think of it as an
insurance policy against poor visibility.
You can't prevent path of insects, or the
behavior of your fellow drivers on the
road—but you easily take an effective
step toward ensuring your own safety.
Who wouldn’t want their vehicles’ glass to be sparkling and clear?

7. PORTABLE CAR VACUUM CLEANER

Save yourself the effort and time from lugging

the house vacuum outside to clean your car
interior and shift for this lightweight wet/dry

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compact cleaner instead. It is light weight and has completely convenient
attachment and washable filter! Now, it’s time to suck up all those dirt
from the hidden corners of your car!

Always keep in mind, a clean car is a happy car! Your car represents who
you are! Aside from these 7 must haves for cleaning your car, there are
also a lot more you can do to make your vehicle clean

SELF CHECK 1.1-2

CLEANING MATERIALS

TEST I – MULTIPLE CHOICE

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INSTRUCTION: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Designed to hang from your rear view and clip onto the passenger
side air vent, can add a pleasant scent to your vehicle.
a. Portable Car Vacuum Cleaner
b. Rain Repellant
c. Microfiber Cloth
d. Car Scents
2. This is the same for the glass cleaner! Spray it on, then wipe it off—
that's all it takes to make your car practically invulnerable to water
marks, bug splats, and road spray.
a. Rain Repellant
b. Microfiber Cloth
c. Car Scents
d. Soap
3. This products will help eliminate hard water spots that can be left on
your paintwork as a result of minerals in the mains water.
a. Bucket and Sponge
b. Car Wash Liquid
c. Car Scents
d. Rain Repellant
4. It is light weight and has completely convenient attachment and
washable filter!
a. Portable Car Vacuum Cleaner
b. Car Wash Liquid
c. Rain Repellant
d. Bucket and Sponge

TEST II – ENUMERATION

INSTRUCTION: Give at least 6 cleaning materials in cleaning vehicle.

Write your answer in your answer sheet.

ANSWER KEY 1.1-2

CLEANING MATERIALS

TEST I

1. D

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 2. A
3. B
4. A

TEST II

1. Rain Repelant
2. Car Wash Liquid
3. Portable Car Vacuum Cleaner
4. Car Scents
5. Bucket and Sponge
6. Microfiber Cloth

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3

RELEVANT OHS AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTES

Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, the student must be able to

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 1. Identify the relevant OHS and proper disposal wastes,
2. discuss the relevant OHS and proper disposal wastes,

There are a lot of details to consider to make

your auto body shop a safe place for workers
and customers. Hygiene should definitely be
high on this list. During flu season, the need
for good hygiene practices is more important
than ever. Let’s look at a few tips you can
practice at your auto body shop to prevent
the spread of germs and encourage good
hygiene.

Understand Your Legal Obligations

As a business owner, it’s important that you understand your legal

obligations when it comes to hygiene and its effect on workplace safety.
Workplace safety doesn’t only mean safety with equipment and tasks but
it also means safety from germs and viruses. Be aware of the industry
standards for your shop and what regulations you are legally required to
uphold. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration oversees
regulations for businesses to keep employees and customers safe. It’s
your responsibility to be aware of these regulations and uphold them.

These are the Parts of the shop should be Sanitized Regularly:

OUT FRONT
 BATHROOM - Bathroom facilities for staff and customers should
always be held to the highest possible standards. Bathrooms should
be cleaned thoroughly and regularly. Anti-bacterial soap should
always be available for handwashing. According to the CDC, you
need to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds in warm water to
prevent the spread of germs. It’s also important to provide supplies
for drying hands as well such as a dry paper towel roll.

 SNACK AREAS - If you have a snack area for employees or

customers, it’s very important that this area is kept clean and germ-
free. High-touch areas should be cleaned often with bacteria-

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 fighting cleaners. Old snacks, coffee, or drinks, should also be
cleaned out and disposed of regularly.

 SURFACES - Not only should bathrooms be kept up to standard but

your entire shop and its surfaces should be sanitized regularly. To
ensure that this is done properly, it’s best to work with professionals
who can come in and do a detailed job. Delegating tasks like these
to other professionals will take some of the load off of your plate
and ensure that things are done right. Finding the right sanitation
supplies is essential to healthy hygiene in the workplace. If you
need supplies such as disinfecting wipes, janitorial sanitation
products, lint-free towels, and more, contact National Wiper Alliance
today. We are happy to help you with these supply needs.

SAFETY RULES FOR AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR SHOPS

Working on vehicles can be a fun, exciting, and rewarding career.

However, repair shop owners and their staff need to ensure that proper
safety precautions and rules are implemented and followed at all times.
Safety measures help protect employees from accidental injuries to
themselves, their co-workers, customers, and the vehicles they are
repairing.

The following is a list of general safety tips every auto workshop should
use to keep everyone safe.

 Establish Smoke-Free Zones – Never allow smoke in or near

repair bays or garages. Mechanic shops tend to contain flammable
and combustible fluids that can easily be set on fire if hot ash from a
cigar or cigarette were to come into contact with such materials.
 Avoid Clutter – To maintain a safe auto garage, keep work areas
clean and organized. Pick up tools and use tool cabinets to keep
walkways clear and free from clutter. Keeping your workspace free
from clutter and organizing tools and equipment can eliminate a
number of dangerous workplace hazards.

Falling over discarded tools, being unable to find the necessary safety
equipment in an emergency, or having to stretch or abandon a vehicle or
car part in a precarious position to find the right tools are all instances
that could potentially be dangerous to workers and other staff.

 Wear Proper Clothes – Mandating the right apparel should be part

of your auto repair shop policies and procedures. Personnel should
never wear loose clothing or clothing that is ripped or torn. To
prevent employees from wearing unacceptable attire, it is
recommended to obtain customized uniforms and work apparel from
a qualified uniform service company.

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 Use PPE – To ensure basic shop safety, personal protective
equipment (PPE) is essential. Workers should wear protective gear,
as appropriate for the type of repair job, which may include goggles,
gloves, and ear protection.
 Maintain Fire Extinguishers – Fire extinguishers are critical auto
safety products in any automotive shop. Make sure fire
extinguishers are easily accessible and appropriate for all potential
fire types. In the event of a fire, extinguishers need to be accessed
quickly and be charged with the right media to put out the type of
fire (e.g., gas, oil, electrical, and so on).
 Be Careful with Batteries – The battery should always be
disconnected when employees work on electrical systems and
near/around electrical wiring. Even
when the vehicle is off, there is still
the potential for current to pass
through electrical wiring while
personnel are engaged in auto
repair work.
 Be Careful with Engines – No
one should place hands, tools, or
other objects near the engine while
it is running. The moving parts and
components could cause injury to a
person or the vehicle itself.
 Be Careful Underneath
Vehicles – Employees should not
work underneath a vehicle unless it has been properly supported.
Raising the vehicle off the ground to access the underside requires
verifying it is stable, and that there is no risk of the vehicle falling on
top of the mechanic. This is one of the most important workshop
safety rules, as ignoring it could quickly result in severe injuries or
even death.
 Remove the Vehicle Key – The key should never be left in the
ignition switch, as the key can draw an electrical charge from the
battery. Also, workers should avoid unplugging fuses and wiring
harnesses while the key is in the “on” position. Otherwise, there is a
risk of electrical shock, and/or electrical spikes that may damage
electronic parts and wiring.
 Watch the Temperature – Proper vehicle safety procedures
include being aware of the vehicle’s temperature before beginning
any work. The engine, manifold, exhaust system, and radiator could
be hot and cause skin burns. Plus, the radiator coolant is still
pressurized.
 Avoid Casual Eating – In the auto repair industry, all eating and
drinking should be confined to the kitchen or designated break
rooms. Contaminating food with chemicals used in the workshop or
eating while working on cars or car parts are two significant risks of
choosing to eat in a work area. It also looks unprofessional should

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 customers notice a mechanic or technician eating at his or her
workstation.

The Importance of Sanitation in a Work Environment

Maintaining a clean and sanitary workspace should be a top priority for
any business. Proper janitorial sanitation promotes health, safety, and
productivity. Here’s more information about the importance of sanitation
in a work environment.

Prevents Illness

With employees working in close proximity, offices and work sites are
prime locations for germs to spread. A rigorous janitorial sanitation routine
removes harmful microbes that cause illness. High-touch surfaces like
counters, desks, keyboards, doorknobs, and handrails must be regularly
disinfected. Trash cans should be emptied before they overflow, and
washrooms require thorough cleaning. According to the CDC, washing
your hands for at least 20 seconds in warm water is one of the best ways
to protect yourself and your family from illnesses. Keeping your
workspace clean through professional janitorial sanitation significantly
reduces the risk of catching contagious diseases.

Upholds Safety

Poor sanitation can also lead to physical hazards around the workplace.
Grease spills in kitchens or warehouses, accumulated snow and ice by
entrances, and trash like broken glass all need prompt cleanup to avoid
injuries. Janitorial staff should regularly inspect floors for any tripping
dangers. Proper sanitation also includes pest control, like sealing up entry
points and setting traps to prevent rodent infestations. Factories and
industrial spaces may require specialized sanitation procedures to contain
and neutralize chemical, biological, or other dangerous agents.
Consistent janitorial sanitation keeps your work environment hazard-free.

Boosts Morale

How clean and pleasant a workplace appears has a subtle yet profound
effect on employees. A space that is not properly sanitized feels dingy and
neglected. Overflowing garbage cans or washrooms in disarray make
workers feel like no one cares. On the other hand, a spotless and fresh-
smelling office uplifts morale. A sanitary environment means management
values employees and their well-being. Workers can focus better in clean,

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orderly surroundings. High-quality janitorial sanitation conveys
professionalism and promotes camaraderie.

Sends a Good Impression

Sanitation also influences your business image with clients and

customers. Visitors are turned off by cluttered lobbies, dirty windows, or
foul odors. These lapses in janitorial sanitation reflect poorly on your
company’s reputation. Consistently clean facilities tell customers you care
about service quality and attention to detail. Medical, dental, or food
service businesses especially rely on strict sanitation to show patients and
patrons they take health seriously. For businesses in the retail and
hospitality sectors, excellent janitorial sanitation draws positive reviews.
Investing in quality cleaning pays dividends through good impressions.

When it comes to business success and employee well-being, skimping on

janitorial sanitation is a losing proposition. Make sanitation a priority with
quality equipment like disinfecting wipes. Contact National Wiper Alliance
today to learn more about how our products can benefit your business.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AT WORK

1. Follow all cautions, warnings and instructions

2. All passage must be free from any obstructions that will hamper the
movement of persons in the area.

3. All tools and equipment must be checked to be in A1 condition

4. The shop is a place of work so no one can engage in play while at

work

5. Keep all hand tools inside your pocket as it might hurt you of hurt
other people

6. Keep the working area always clean and orderly

7. Always use protective equipment like safety goggles if needed while

performing a task or job.

8. Keep flammable materials and substances away from your working

area by keeping them in a safe place intended for them.

9. Be physically and mentally fit when working.

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 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

What is PPE?

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing for the

eyes, head, ears, hands, respiratory system, body, and feet. It is utilized
to protect individuals from the risks of injury and infection while
minimizing exposure to chemical, biological, and physical hazards. PPE
serves as the final line of defense when engineering and administrative
controls are insufficient in reducing or eliminating risks.

What is PPE Safety?

PPE safety is the practice of ensuring a safe, working environment for

employees and visitors through the use of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE). Safety is paramount to all businesses across industries. Using PPEs,
paired with inspections such as workplace and restaurant inspections,
assessments like health and safety risk assessments, and analysis such
as gap analysis—is essential to protect employees from risks and hazards.

Why is it Important?

According to the hierarchy of controls by the National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), PPE (sometimes also referred to
as PPE equipment)—is recommended to be the last level of defense to
prevent occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, but some
businesses combined it with other control measures to ensure a safe and
healthy environment for their workers. Here are some benefits of using
PPEs:

 prevent unnecessary injury in the workplace;

 protect employees from excessive chemical exposure;
 prevent the spread of germs and infectious diseases including
COVID-19;
 help businesses comply with regulatory requirements(e.g., The
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 that’s
recently been extended to limb workers); and

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  Improve employee productivity and efficiency.

The 4 Basic Types of PPE and Their Examples

However, even the strictest controls will not necessarily eliminate all the
risks associated with most job tasks and this is where the need for PPE
must be evaluated. A hazard assessment can help identify which
specialized PPE will be required. There are numerous types of workplace
safety equipment available depending on the hazard exposure and work
conditions. The following are basic PPE that can help protect employees:

1. GOGGLES - basically glasses that strap on to

your head and cover your whole eye area. Swim
goggles and safety goggles protect your eyes,
but there's also virtual reality or night vision
goggles that enhance or change what you see.
Usually, goggles are protective eyewear.

2. GAS MASK - a piece of personal protective

equipment used to protect the wearer from
inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases.
The mask forms a sealed cover over the
nose and mouth, but may also cover the
eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the
face.

3. APRON - Aprons are a crucial component

of personal protective equipment (PPE) that
provides protection to the front of the body,
including the chest, abdomen, and legs.

4. GLOVES - a garment covering the hand, with

separate sheaths or openings for
each finger including the thumb. Gloves protect
and comfort hands against cold or heat,
damage by friction, abrasion or chemicals, and

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 disease; or in turn to provide a guard for what a bare hand should
not touch.

PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003)

“AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND
INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES”

Dispose of your Waste

Waste disposal best practice

Guide
Best practice in waste disposal is to apply the waste management
hierarchy, which ensures that the economic and environmental benefits of
each waste option are maximized.

It encourages you to consider a range of options before disposal,

including:

 Prevention
 Preparing for reuse
 Recycling
 Other recovery
 only then, disposal

How to Dispose of Waste Correctly

You have a number of obligations when dealing with waste disposal - this
is known as your duty of care for waste.
In general terms you must:
identify your source and type of waste accurately

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complete waste disposal documentation such as transfer, duty of care
notes or hazardous waste consignment notes
find a registered carrier to transport your waste
store the waste safely and securely until it is removed
dispose of waste only at facilities that are licensed to accept that type of
material

What are the three R's in the ecological solid waste management Act of
2000?

The 3Rs of waste management is an initiative that was developed in the

early 2000s as a method that helps all of us to reduce the amount of
waste we send to landfill or incineration, and to reduce the amount of
items being produced unnecessarily. The 3Rs stand for Reduce, Reuse,
and Recycle.

Reduce means to make smaller/less in amount.

Reuse means to use something again, either for its original purpose or
repurposed for a different task.

Recycle means to convert waste into material that can be used to

remake the item, or to make something else.

You may have noticed that when referring to the 3Rs, we always say them
in the same order: Reduce, Reuse, And Recycle. This is because this is the
order that is most effective in helping us to reduce waste and greenhouse
gas emissions.

How it works

Firstly, we should try to reduce how much waste we produce and

therefore the amount of unnecessary items we purchase. If something still
needs to be purchased, then we should next try to reuse it for something
else at the end of its life. If we cannot reuse it, then we must recycle it as
a last resort. Even though recycling should be considered last, it is an
important part of the process. In addition to conserving the world’s natural
resources, it is estimated that over 700 million tonnes of carbon dioxide
emissions is avoided every year from recycling!

Any waste that cannot be recycled is either taken to the incinerator where
it gets burnt in an enclosed chamber or, if it cannot go to the incinerator,
the waste is taken to landfill sites where it is then left to rot. This produces
a lot of methane which is one of the more potent greenhouse gases. Also,
as there is so much waste being produced, there is simply not enough

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space at these landfill sites, which then leads to illegally burning the
waste or dumping it in the oceans, with little to no control.

Some plastic waste used to be transported overseas to countries that had

recycling initiatives in place, which were designed to help them profit from
the plastic waste produced by other countries. However, this is now
coming to a halt because there is simply too much waste being sent to
these destinations for it to be manageable.

This is why it is vital that we try to minimise the amount of waste being
sent to landfill sites by having proper waste management procedures in
place. Whilst it may seem daunting, waste management can be
completed through small tasks at home and at work.

SELF CHECK 1.1-3

RELEVANT OHS AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTES

TEST I – Identification

Instruction: Identify the following pictures below. Write your answer on

your answer sheet.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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TEST II – Enumeration
Instruction: Give atleast 3 general safety tips on how to maintain the
cleanliness of the shop.

ANSWER KEY 1.1-3

RELEVANT OHS AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTES

TEST I

1. APRON
2. GAS MASK
3. HAND GLOVES
4. GOGGLES

TEST II

1. Establish Smoke-Free Zones

2. Maintain Fire Extinguishers
3. Be Careful with Batteries

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 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4

CARE OF CLEANING TOOL AND EQUIPMENT

Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, the student must be able to

1. Know the ways on how to care of cleaning tool and equipment

How to take care of Cleaning Tools and Equipment

Handle equipment with care and make sure it does not bump on hand
surfaces. Clean and store equipment in their custodial room immediately
after use. Empty dust bags of dry vacuum cleaners before they overload
and after each use.

5 WAYS TO KEEP CLEANING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS IN GOOD

CONDITION

Did you know you can extend the life of your cleaning equipment and
tools and achieve a better clean? When we think about using cleaning
equipment and tools, we typically expect them to get the work done
efficiently and leave a polished surface behind. While this is true – quality
cleaning equipment is made for that purpose – like any gadget, they will
eventually start to wear down with use.

We don’t often consider cleaning the equipment we clean with, but it’s
important to follow a routine maintenance check for heavy-duty
equipment to keep it working properly and keep tools in good condition.
Cleaning gadgets work hard and come into contact with a lot of grime.

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When left un-cleaned, bacteria begin to grow. Not only does re-using dirty
equipment and tools spread germs around, but the build-up of grime can
wear down and damage the equipment as well.

Below are some tips on ways to minimize spreading dirt around and to
maintain the life of your equipment.

1. REPLACE FLOOR PADS AND SCREENS

Heavy-duty cleaning equipment such as automatic scrubbers, polishers,

and sweepers are workhorses and those floor pads and screens do start to
wear out with each use. Be sure you’re checking their condition and
replacing them so you can continue to achieve an optimal clean! After all,
your efforts are wasted when pushing equipment around that has a floor
pad that is no longer doing its job.

2. CLEAN MOPS AND BUCKETS BEFORE YOU STORE THEM AWAY

Avoid leaving a mop sitting in a bucket of dirty water after use. Wet fibers
are a breeding ground for all sorts of germs. Ensure your mop is
completely wrung out and dry before you store it away. To avoid bacteria
and mildew:

 Take a clean bucket and fill it with warm water.

 Rinse your mop head completely after each use ensuring there is no
dirt or soap leftover.
 Only use approved cleaner’s specific to commercial mops.

3. CHANGE VACUUM FILTERS REGULARLY AND GIVE THE VACUUM

A GOOD CLEAN

Depending on how often you use your vacuum, commercial vacuum filters
should be changed at least once every 3 months. We recommend giving
the vacuum a good clean every couple of weeks. Clean out the hose,
remove any fibres or hair from the bristles, and give it a good wipe with a
damp cloth and a mild detergent.

4. WASH DUSTERS WITH MILD DETERGENT

A dirty duster can spread micro particles around and for some companies,
disposable dusters aren’t the most cost-effective route. If you have a
washable duster, be sure to clean it with mild detergent and let it dry.

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5. SCHEDULE SERVICE AND REPAIR FOR CLEANING EQUIPMENT

Last but certainly not least, be sure to schedule regular maintenance on

heavy-duty equipment and don’t ignore issues that may require repairs,
even if they are seemingly small. If you notice cleaning equipment has
lost its effectiveness, give us a call at Clean Spot and we will service it.
Our in-house shop has technicians trained to restore and repair
commercial equipment.

PROPER WAY OF CLEANING THE CLEANING TOOLS AND

EQUIPMENT
Start by filling the bucket with hot water and a small amount of
commercial cleaner. Soak your tools in the bucket for 30 seconds to a
minute. With your wire brush, scrub the tools to remove dirt and grime.
Rinse and repeat until all dirt has been cleared from the tool.
WHY SHOULD YOU KEEP EQUIPMENT CLEAN AND WHEN SHOULD
CLEAN IT?

By scheduling cleanings at regularly-determined intervals, you can reduce

the amount of wear and tear it experiences, which can prolong its life and
save you money in the long run. Regular equipment cleaning will also help
identify potential problems before they turn into mechanical failures.

HOW DO YOU CLEAN ALL TOOLS AFTER USE

It's important to clean your tools after each use. This will prevent the
build-up of dirt and grime, and will also help to prevent the spread of
germs. The best way to clean your tools is to use hot water and soap. You
can also use a disinfectant solution, but be sure to rinse it off afterwards.

WHY IS IMPORTANT TO CLEAN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AFTER

USE?
Unclean machines can lead to accidents. If dirt, grease, or other
contaminants build up on moving parts or surfaces, it can create a
hazardous environment that increases the risk for accidents and
equipment break downs. Equipment cleaning helps increase safety by
reducing the risk of accidents.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 SELF CHECK 1.1-4

CARE OF CLEANING TOOL AND EQUIPMENT

TEST I – IDENTIFICATION

1. ________________ Start by filling the bucket with hot water and a

small amount of commercial cleaner.
2. ________________ a dirty duster can spread micro particles around
and for some companies, disposable dusters aren’t the most cost-
effective route.
3. ________________ Heavy-duty cleaning equipment such as automatic
scrubbers, polishers, and sweepers are workhorses and those floor
pads and screens do start to wear out with each use.
4. ________________ Depending on how often you use your vacuum,
commercial vacuum filters should be changed at least once every 3
months.

TEST II – ENUMERATION
Instruction: Give at least 4 ways to keep cleaning equipment and tools in
good condition.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________

ANSWER KEY 1.1-4

CARE OF CLEANING TOOL AND EQUIPMENT

TEST I
1. Proper way of cleaning the cleaning tools and equipment
2. Wash dusters with mild detergent
3. Replace floor pads and screens
4. Change vacuum filters regularly and give the vacuum a good
clean

TEST II
1. Replace floor pads and screens
2. Wash dusters with mild detergent
3. Schedule service and repair for cleaning equipment
4. Change vacuum filters regularly and give the vacuum a good
clean

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 42 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
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 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-5

CLEANING VEHICLE UNIT

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, You must be able to

1. Identify the different cleaning tools and equipment to be used in

cleaning the vehicle unit.

INTRODUCTION

Cleaning vehicle is extremely important. It prevents contaminants like

dust, dirt, pollen, tree sap, bug guts, and air-borne pollutant and etc. from
adhering to your vehicle.

What tools do you need to clean a car?

VACUUM CLEANER

You shouldn’t expect a stick, handheld, or

robotic vacuum to have the same cleaning
power as a full-sized canister or upright

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 vacuum. But for some jobs, the portability of a handheld vacuum or
the independent operation of a robovac is just the thing. All vacuum
types have their pluses and minuses.

AIR COMPRESSOR

An air compressor is a machine that takes ambient

air from the surroundings and discharges it at a
higher pressure. It is an application of a gas
compressor and a pneumatic device that converts
mechanical power (from an electric motor, diesel or
gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored
in compressed air, which has many uses.

STEAM CLEANER

A steam cleaner is an appliance that heats

water to high temperatures, typically 200 F to
300 F (93 C to 148 C), creating a pressurized
burst of steam that is directed through a nozzle
or brush attachment. The heat can not only
remove soap, grease, and lime scale, but it can
also sanitize fabrics and remove mold, bacteria,
and mildew.

TINY BRUSHES AND CLEANING TOOLS

A miniature brush – also known as a spotter – is a short-

haired brush that’s perfect for detail work thanks to
their pointed tips and diminutive sizes. They aren’t just
small though; their shape also makes them perfect for
precision painting.

DRILL BRUSHES

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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All cordless drills convert electricity into power by using the attracting and
repelling actions of magnets to get the shaft spinning. Brushed motors
require small metal brushes to work with the magnets to keep the shaft
spinning.

Why is car cleaning important?

Cleaning your vehicle regularly is essential for preventing damage,

improving safety, and maintaining its value. From the exterior to the
interior, proper car cleaning involves several steps, tools, and techniques.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll cover everything you need to know to
keep your car clean and well-maintained. Reveal them all!

Why should you keep your car clean on the outside?

By taking steps to keep your car clean on the outside, you reduce the
need for frequent vacuuming and prevent odors and stains from
developing in the interior. A well-maintained interior not only enhances
the vehicle’s aesthetic but also makes for a more comfortable and
enjoyable ride. 8. Improves the Car's Overall Appearance.

BENEFITS OF WASHING YOUR CAR REGULARLY

Washing your car regularly is not just about maintaining its appearance,
but it also has a significant impact on its performance and longevity. Dirt,
grime, and other contaminants can build up on your car’s exterior,
causing damage to the paint and eventually to the underlying metal body.
In this post, we will explore the benefits of washing your car regularly and
why it is so important to maintain a clean car.

Protects the Car's Paint Job

Dirt, grime, and other contaminants can settle on your car’s surface and
damage its paint over time if not properly cleaned. If left unattended,
these particles can cause the paint to chip or fade, leaving your car
looking dull and unappealing. However, by regularly washing your car, you
remove these harmful particles from the surface, keeping the paint job

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looking fresh and vibrant. By investing in regular car washes, you ensure
that your car maintains its value and appearance for years to come.
Preserves the Car's Resale Value
Regular car maintenance, including washing your car, can help preserve
its resale value. A well-maintained exterior can make a positive first
impression on potential buyers, indicating that the vehicle was cared for
and maintained on a regular basis. On the other hand, a dirty and poorly
maintained car that shows signs of neglect can reduce its resale value
significantly. Regular washing helps prevent damage to the car’s exterior,
ensuring that it retains its appearance and value. So, if you’re planning to
sell your car someday, investing in regular car washes can pay off in the
long run.

Improves Visibility and Safety

Dirt, dust, and grime buildup on your car’s windshield, mirrors, and lights
can obstruct your visibility while driving. The accumulated layers of dirt
can impede your ability to see clearly, especially in low-light or high-glare
conditions. This can make it unsafe to drive, especially during bad
weather or at night. However, regular car washing can help eliminate
these contaminants, improving visibility, and enhancing safety during
driving. Clean and clear windows, mirrors, and lights can make all the
difference in how well you can see what is going on around you while
driving, reducing the risk of accidents on the road. Regular car washes
can also help you identify potential areas of wear and tear that could
cause issues while driving, allowing you to address them before they
become significant safety concerns.

Prevents Corrosion
Salt, grime, and other debris can collect on your car’s exterior, especially
during the winter months, and cause rust and corrosion over time. Salt, in
particular, can accelerate the rusting process as it lowers the metal’s
resistance to corrosion. Additionally, pollutants in rainwater, such as acid
rain, can also contribute to corrosion. Regular car washing can remove the
buildup of salt, pollutants, and other debris, preventing corrosion and
extending your car’s life. It’s essential to wash your car on a regular basis,
especially after driving in harsh conditions or areas with a lot of salt on the
roads. By doing so, you’re protecting your car’s body and framework,
ensuring it remains in good shape and performs as it should for years to
come.

Reduces Repair Costs

Regular car washing can help detect minor damages before they turn into
major repairs, saving you potentially significant repair costs down the
road. By keeping your car clean and regularly inspecting it, you can spot
any minor chips, scratches or dents that may require minor repairs.
Moreover, regular washing can prevent rust and corrosion, which can lead
to costly repairs and irreparable damage. Preventative measures such as

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rustproofing and regular car washing can save a considerable amount of
money compared to the expense of having to fix significant damage
caused by neglecting basic car maintenance.

Enhances Fuel Efficiency

Dirt and grime buildup on your car’s exterior can create aerodynamic
drag, making your car work harder to move through the air and reducing
fuel efficiency. As a result, the car may consume more fuel to perform the
same tasks, making it less efficient. However, regular car washing can
help improve the vehicle’s aerodynamics by removing dirt and
contaminants from its surface, making it more streamlined and reducing
drag. This can lead to an increase in fuel efficiency, saving you money
over time. Investing time in regular car washing today can translate into
tangible fuel efficiency gains tomorrow, proving to be a valuable long-
term cost-saving measure.

Keeps the Car's Interior Clean

Dirt and debris from the exterior can easily enter your car’s interior,
affecting its cleanliness and overall appeal. These particles can
accumulate on the seats, floor, and dashboard, making for an unpleasant
driving experience. However, regular car washing can prevent the
accumulation of these contaminants, keeping the interior clean and fresh.
By taking steps to keep your car clean on the outside, you reduce the
need for frequent vacuuming and prevent odors and stains from
developing in the interior. A well-maintained interior not only enhances
the vehicle’s aesthetic but also makes for a more comfortable and
enjoyable ride.

Improves the Car's Overall Appearance

One of the most obvious benefits of washing your car regularly is the
significant improvement in the vehicle’s overall appearance. A clean car
looks new and well-maintained, while a dirty car looks old and neglected.
By regularly washing your car, you can keep it looking shiny and new,
which helps to increase its resale value. Not to mention, a clean car can
boost your pride and confidence as an owner. Whether it’s pulling up to a
meeting or driving down the street, a shiny, clean car makes a positive
statement about the driver.

Helps Detect Potential Issues

Regular car washing can also help you notice any unusual bumps or dents
on the vehicle’s exterior. By regularly inspecting your car during washing,
you can identify potential issues early and address them before they
become major problems. Whether it’s a dent or scratch on the surface or
issues with rust and corrosion, detecting these problems early can save
you money on repairs in the long run. By taking care of these problems
quickly and efficiently, you can prevent further damage and keep your
car’s appearance and value intact.

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Reduces Health Risks
Bacteria and germs can accumulate on the car’s exterior and interior
surfaces over time, posing a risk to the passengers and driver’s health.
These contaminants can cause allergies, respiratory issues, and other
health problems, especially for people with weak immune systems.
However, regular car washing can help eliminate these germs and reduce
the risk of illness. By wiping down the interior surfaces and washing the
exterior of your car, you can keep its surfaces clean and minimize
exposure to harmful bacteria and irritants. This is particularly important
during the current pandemic, where there is a need for regular cleaning
and disinfection to prevent the spread of the virus.

Environmentally Friendly
Regular car washing can also be environmentally friendly as it prevents
harmful pollutants from entering the water system. When cars get dirty,
they accumulate harmful substances such as oil, grease, and chemicals
that can get washed away during rain or snowmelt, polluting the
waterways. However, regular car washing prevents these contaminants
from entering the water system, reducing the environmental impact.
Moreover, eco-friendly car washing methods such as using biodegradable
soaps can further help reduce the environmental impact by ensuring that
the cleaning products used do not harm the water system or wildlife.

SELF CHECK 1.1-5

CLEANING VEHICLE UNIT

MULTIPLE CHOICE

INSTRUCTION: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The same cleaning power as a full-sized canister or upright vacuum.

a. Air Compressor
b. Vacuum Cleaner
c. Stem Cleaner
d. Tiny Brushes and Cleaning Tools
2. A machine that takes ambient air from the surroundings and
discharges it at a higher pressure.
a. Air Compressor
b. Tiny Brushes and Cleaning Tools
c. Steam Cleaner
d. Drill Brushes
3. An appliance that heats water to high temperatures, typically 200 F
to 300 F (93 C to 148 C), creating a pressurized burst of steam that
is directed through a nozzle or brush attachment.
a. Air Compressor

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 b. Vacuum Cleaner
c. Steam Cleaner
d. Drill Brushes
4. A miniature brush – also known as a spotter – is a short-haired
brush that’s perfect for detail work thanks to their pointed tips and
diminutive sizes.
a. Tiny Brushes and Cleaning Tools
b. Vacuum Cleaner
c. Steam Cleaner
d. Drill Brushes
5. All cordless drills convert electricity into power by using the
attracting and repelling actions of magnets to get the shaft
spinning.
a. Steam Cleaner
b. Air Compressor
c. Drill Brushes
d. Vacuum Cleaner

ANSWER KEY 1.1-5

CLEANING VEHICLE UNIT

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 2 MAINTAIN AND SERVICE THE VEHICLE UNITS

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

2.1 Minor routine checks are undertaken based on manufacturer’s

manual
2.2 Brakes are inspected and appropriate action is undertaken in
accordance with manufacturer’s specifications
2.3 Complex repair and service requirements are identified and referred
following workplace procedures
2.4 Records of routine servicing, maintenance and repairs are kept and
updated in accordance with workplace procedures.

CONTENTS

● Basic Principles of Operation of Vehicle

● Routine service and maintenance of light vehicle
● Minor routine repair and servicing
● Writing and documenting service and maintenance
● Care and use of tools for routine maintenance and servicing

CONDITIONS: The Trainee must be provided with the following:

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 ● Light Vehicle Unit
● Supplies and Materials Relevant to Task
● Tools and Equipment Relevant to Task
● Manufacturer’s maintenance manual
● Workplace procedure in record keeping
● Learning Modules

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

● Observation
● Written Test
● Interview

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF VEHICLE

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, You must be able to

1. Identify the basic principles of operation of vehicle.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF VEHICLE

The basic principle behind an internal combustion engine is fairly

simple: a small amount of gasoline is ignited. The energy released from
this ignition explodes outward as an expanding gas. This exploding gas
presses against the piston, making it move.
The engine overcomes the forces working against movement. Essentially
it does this by converting fuel into kinetic energy. The simplest way to do
this is to burn fuel using an internal combustion engine.

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The Basic Principles of Vehicle Operation revolved around several key
concepts:

Understanding these principles helps in operating and maintaining

vehicles safely and efficiently.

Powertrain
This includes the engine, transmission, and driveshaft. The engine
generates power, which is transferred to the wheels via the transmission,
enabling the vehicle to move.

Steering and Control

The steering system allows the driver to control the direction of the
vehicle. It typically involves a steering wheel connected to the front
wheels through a series of linkages.

Braking System
Vehicles use brakes to slow down or stop. Most vehicles use disc or drum
brakes, which create friction to reduce speed. Anti-lock braking systems
(ABS) help prevent wheel lockup during hard braking.

Suspension
This system supports the vehicle’s weight, absorbs shocks from the road,
and maintains tire contact with the ground. It includes components like
springs, shock absorbers, and control arms.

Tires
Tires provide traction, support the vehicle's weight, and absorb impacts.
Proper tire pressure and tread depth are crucial for safety and
performance.

Fuel and Energy Sources

Conventional vehicles typically use gasoline or diesel, while electric
vehicles operate on batteries. The energy source powers the vehicle's
movement and accessories.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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Aerodynamics
Vehicle design affects airflow, influencing speed, fuel efficiency, and
stability. Streamlined shapes reduce drag, improving overall performance.

Safety Systems
Modern vehicles are equipped with various safety features, including
airbags, seat belts, and electronic stability control, designed to protect
occupants and improve handling.

SELF CHECK 1.2-1

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF VEHICLE

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The engine generates power, which is transferred to the wheels via

the transmission, enabling the vehicle to move.
a. Powertrain
b. Suspension
c. Fuel and Energy Sources
d. Aerodynamics
2. Vehicle design affects airflow, influencing speed, fuel efficiency, and
stability. Streamlined shapes reduce drag, improving overall
performance.
a. Fuel and Energy Sources
b. Safety Systems
c. Aerodynamics

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 d. Powertrain
3. Modern vehicles are equipped with various safety features,
including airbags, seat belts, and electronic stability control,
designed to protect occupants and improve handling.
a. Aerodynamics
b. Powertrain
c. Powertrain
d. Safety Systems
4. This system supports the vehicle’s weight, absorbs shocks from the
road, and maintains tire contact with the ground.
a. Suspension
b. Safety Systems
c. Powertrain
d. Aerodynamics
5. The system allows the driver to control the direction of the vehicle.
a. Aerodynamics
b. Steering and Control
c. Suspension
d. Powertrain

ANSWER KEY 1.2-1

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF VEHICLE

1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-2

ROUTINE SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT VEHICLE

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, You must be able to

1. Perform routine service and maintenance of light vehicle

INTRODUCTION

Vehicles are machines, and like any machine they need maintenance. For
most vehicles, regular maintenance begins at 5,000 miles and continues
from there every 5,000-10,000 miles. Of course, checking your car on a
more regular basis is even better.
Maintenance keeps your vehicle running smoothly and safely down the
road for a much longer distance compared to never doing upkeep. Your
owner’s manual will outline all of the maintenance that needs to be done
and when it needs to be done so that you’re prepared.

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Routine service and maintenance of light vehicles are essential for
ensuring safety, reliability, and optimal performance.

Here’s a comprehensive overview:

ROUTINE SERVICE TASKS

Oil Change:

o Replace engine oil and oil filter according to manufacturer

recommendations (typically every 5,000 to 7,500 miles).

Fluid Checks and Changes:

o Coolant: Check levels and replace as needed to prevent

overheating.
o Brake Fluid: Inspect and replace to ensure effective braking
performance.
o Transmission Fluid: Check and replace if necessary to
maintain smooth shifting.
o Power Steering Fluid: Ensure levels are adequate for
steering efficiency.
o Windshield Washer Fluid: Refill to maintain visibility.

Tire Maintenance:

o Pressure Checks: Inspect tire pressure monthly and adjust

to recommended levels.
o Tread Depth: Monitor tread wear and replace tires when they
reach the minimum depth.
o Rotation: Rotate tires every 5,000 to 7,500 miles to ensure
even wear.

Brake Inspection:

o Inspect brake pads, rotors, and fluid levels regularly; replace

worn components promptly.

Battery Maintenance:

o Check battery terminals for corrosion and clean as needed.

o Test battery condition and replace every 3-5 years.

Air Filter Replacement:

o Inspect and replace the engine air filter every 15,000 to

30,000 miles, or as needed.

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 Wiper Blade Replacement:

o Check wiper blades for wear and replace them every 6-12
months for optimal visibility.

Lights and Signals:

o Regularly check all lights (headlights, brake lights, turn

signals) and replace any burnt-out bulbs.

Belts and Hoses:

o Inspect belts (timing and serpentine) and hoses for cracks,

wear, or leaks, replacing as needed.

ADDITIONAL MAINTENANCE TASKS

 Alignment and Suspension: Check wheel alignment and inspect

suspension components regularly to ensure proper handling.
 Exhaust System: Inspect for leaks and ensure proper functioning
to reduce emissions and noise.
 Fuel System: Clean fuel injectors and replace the fuel filter as
recommended to maintain efficiency.

SEASONAL CHECKS

 Winter Prep: Check antifreeze levels, battery health, and tire

condition for winter driving.
 Summer Prep: Ensure cooling system is functioning properly and
air conditioning is in good working order.

RECORD KEEPING

 Service Log: Maintain a log of all services performed, including

dates, mileage, and any replacements, to keep track of
maintenance history.

KEYPOINTS:

Regular routine service and maintenance can significantly enhance the

lifespan and performance of light vehicles. Following a structured
maintenance schedule helps prevent unexpected breakdowns and
ensures a safe driving experience.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 57 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 SELF CHECK 1.2-2

ROUTINE SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT VEHICLE

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Instruction: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. Inspect and replace to ensure effective braking performance.

a. Coolant
b. Brake Fluid
c. Transmission Fluid
d. Power Steering Fluid
2. Inspect tire pressure monthly and adjust to recommended levels.
a. Tire Depth
b. Rotation
c. Pressure Checks
d. Oil Change
3. Regularly check all lights (headlights, brake lights, turn signals) and
replace any burnt-out bulbs.
a. Lights and Signals
b. Belts and Hoses
c. Wiper Blade Replacement
d. Battery Maintenance

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 58 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
4. Check wheel alignment and inspect suspension components regularly
to ensure proper handling.
a. Exhaust System
b. Alignment and Suspension
c. Fuel System
d. Winter Prep
5. Inspect brake pads, rotors, and fluid levels regularly; replace worn
components promptly.
a. Brake Inspection
b. Battery Maintenance
c. Air Filter Replacement
d. Belts and Hoses

ANSWER KEY 1.2-2

ROUTINE SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT VEHICLE

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. A

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 59 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-3

MINOR ROUTINE REPAIR AND SERVICING

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, You must be able to

1. Conduct regular minor repair and servicing to ensure all vehicle

systems functions correctly.

INTRODUCTION

Minor routine repair and servicing are essential tasks that help maintain
the efficiency and safety of light vehicles. Here’s a breakdown of common
minor repairs and services:

OIL CHANGE

 Frequency: Every 5,000 to 7,500 miles (or as recommended).

 Tasks: Drain old oil, replace the oil filter, and refill with fresh oil.

AIR FILTER REPLACEMENT

 Frequency: Every 15,000 to 30,000 miles.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 60 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
  Tasks: Remove the old air filter and install a new one to ensure
proper airflow to the engine.

WIPER BLADE REPLACEMENT

 Frequency: Every 6-12 months.

 Tasks: Remove old blades and install new ones for clear visibility
during rain.

BATTERY MAINTENANCE

 Frequency: Check every few months.

 Tasks: Clean terminals and check fluid levels; replace the battery if
it’s weak or over 3-5 years old.

TIRE ROTATION AND PRESSURE CHECK

 Frequency: Every 5,000 to 7,500 miles.

 Tasks: Rotate tires to promote even wear and check tire pressure,
adjusting as needed.

BRAKE PAD INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT

 Frequency: Inspect every 10,000 miles; replace as needed.

 Tasks: Check thickness of brake pads and replace them if worn
down.

LIGHT BULB REPLACEMENT

 Frequency: As needed.
 Tasks: Check and replace any burnt-out headlights, taillights, or
turn signal bulbs.

FLUID CHECKS

 Frequency: Monthly.
 Tasks: Check and top off fluids such as brake fluid, coolant, power
steering fluid, and windshield washer fluid.

BELTS AND HOSES INSPECTION

 Frequency: Every 30,000 miles or as recommended.

 Tasks: Inspect for cracks or leaks and replace any damaged belts or
hoses.

EXHAUST INSPECTION

 Frequency: Annually.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 61 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
  Tasks: Check for leaks or damage in the exhaust system and
address issues promptly.

KEYPOINTS:

Performing these minor routine repairs and services not only helps ensure
the vehicle runs smoothly but also prevents more significant issues down
the line. Keeping a regular schedule for these tasks can enhance the
vehicle's longevity and safety.

PERFORMANCE TASK 1.2-3

MINOR ROUTINE REPAIR AND SERVICING

TASK: Oil Change and Basic Inspection

Objective: Successfully perform an oil change and conduct a basic

vehicle inspection to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Task Steps:

1. Preparation:
o Gather necessary tools and materials: oil filter wrench, oil
catch pan, new oil, new oil filter, funnel, and basic hand tools.
o Review the vehicle’s owner manual for specific oil type and
capacity.

2. Safety Precautions:
o Ensure the vehicle is parked on a level surface and engage
the parking brake.
o Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such
as gloves and safety goggles.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 62 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
3. Perform the Oil Change:
o Drain Old Oil:
 Locate the oil drain plug, place the oil catch pan
underneath, and remove the plug to drain the old oil
completely.
o Replace Oil Filter:
 Use the oil filter wrench to remove the old oil filter.
Apply a small amount of new oil to the rubber gasket of
the new filter and install it.
o Add New Oil:
 Reinstall the drain plug and tighten it. Using a funnel,
add the new oil to the engine, checking the dipstick for
proper levels.

4. Basic Vehicle Inspection:

o Check Fluid Levels:
 Inspect and top off brake fluid, coolant, power steering
fluid, and windshield washer fluid.
o Inspect Wiper Blades:
 Check the condition of wiper blades and replace if worn.
o Check Tire Pressure:
 Use a tire pressure gauge to check the pressure of each
tire and inflate to the manufacturer’s recommended
levels.

o Examine Lights:
 Test all lights (headlights, brake lights, turn signals) and
replace any burnt-out bulbs.

5. Clean Up:
o Dispose of old oil and filters in accordance with local
regulations.
o Clean the work area and tools used during the task.

6. Documentation:
o Record the date, mileage, and details of the oil change and
inspections performed in a maintenance log.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 63 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. EXECUTION (15 pts)

Completion of the oil change and inspection tasks following safety

protocols.

2. ACCURACY (15 pts)

Correctly identifies and addresses fluid levels and necessary

replacements.

3. KNOWLEDGE (15 pts)

Demonstrates understanding of the vehicle's maintenance

requirements and the significance of each task.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 64 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 4. CLEANLINESS (15 pts)

Proper disposal of waste materials and maintaining a clean work

environment.

KEY POINTS:

This performance task not only reinforces practical skills but also
emphasizes the importance of regular maintenance in vehicle care.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-4

WRITING AND DOCUMENTING SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, You must be able to

1. Measure the service quality of the car maintenance procedures.

INTRODUCTION

Writing and documenting service and maintenance for light vehicles

involves systematically capturing the details of the inspection, repair, and
upkeep processes. Proper documentation ensures that vehicles are
serviced correctly, helps maintain records for future reference, and

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 65 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
provides essential information for mechanics, customers, or regulatory
authorities.

Here's a guide to writing and documenting service and maintenance for

light vehicles:

PRE-SERVICE DOCUMENTATION

 Customer Information: Include details like the customer's name,

contact information, and vehicle registration number.
 Vehicle Information: Note the make, model, year, VIN (Vehicle
Identification Number), odometer reading, and any pre-existing
issues or damage.
 Service Requested: Detail the customer's request for repairs,
maintenance, or inspections (e.g., oil change, brake inspection,
etc.).

SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

 Inspection and Diagnostic Report:

o List all the inspections performed, including visual inspections,
road tests, and diagnostic tool scans.
o Identify problems, if any, such as oil leaks, worn brake pads,
low fluid levels, or engine performance issues.
o Document any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) retrieved from
the vehicle's onboard diagnostics system (OBD).
 Routine Maintenance Checklist:
o Include tasks such as oil and filter changes, tire rotations, fluid
top-offs (brake fluid, coolant, transmission fluid), and battery
checks.
o Use a standardized checklist to ensure nothing is overlooked.

REPAIR AND PARTS INFORMATION

 List of Repairs Performed:

o Specify the repairs or adjustments made to the vehicle (e.g.,
replaced brake pads, fixed suspension issues, or aligned
wheels).
o Record any additional repairs identified during the service that
the customer approved.
 Parts Used:
o Document each part replaced, including part numbers,
brands, and quantities.
o If aftermarket or OEM (original equipment manufacturer) parts
are used, specify the type.
 Labor Details:
o Record the time spent on each task or repair.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 66 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 o Include the labor rate and total cost of labor for transparency.

POST-SERVICE DOCUMENTATION

 Final Inspection and Test Drive:

o Confirm that the repairs or maintenance work was successful
through a final inspection.
o Perform a test drive if necessary to ensure the vehicle is
operating properly.
o Note any recommendations for future maintenance or repairs
(e.g., tire replacement in the next service interval).
 Invoice and Payment:
o Include a breakdown of the costs: parts, labor, and any
additional fees (e.g., shop supplies, environmental fees).
o Record payment method and receipt number for future
reference.

MAINTENANCE RECORD KEEPING

 Digital or Physical Records:

1. Store the service records either in a digital database or
physical file for easy retrieval.
2. Include date and mileage at each service to track
maintenance intervals.
 Owner’s Manual Updates:
1. If applicable, update the vehicle’s maintenance log in the
owner's manual to reflect the work performed.

SERVICE REPORTS FOR CUSTOMERS

 Provide a clear, detailed service report to the customer, explaining

the work done, any parts replaced, and recommendations for the
next service.
 Ensure the report is easy to understand, avoiding technical jargon
when explaining issues.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 67 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 SELF CHECK 1.2-4

WRITING AND DOCUMENTING SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

ENUMERATION

Instruction: Write down all guides to writing and documenting service

and maintenance for light vehicles of its categories.

1. PRE-SERVICE DOCUMENTATION
2. SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
3. REPAIR AND PARTS INFORMATION
4. POST-SERVICE DOCUMENTATION
5. MAINTENANCE RECORD KEEPING

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 68 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 ANSWER KEY 1.2-4

WRITING AND DOCUMENTING SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

1. PRE-SERVICE DOCUMENTATION
 Customer Information
 Vehicle Information
 Service Requested
2. SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
 Inspection and Diagnostic Reports
 Routine Maintenance Checklist
3. REPAIR AND PARTS INFORMATION
 List of Repairs Performed Part Used
 Labor Details
4. POST-SERVICE DOCUMENTATION
 Final Inspection and Test Drive
 Invoices and Payments
5. MAINTENANCE RECORD KEEPING
 Digital or Physical Records

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 69 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
  Owner’s Manual Updates

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-5

CARE AND USE OF TOOLS FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, You must be able to

1. Maintain tools regularly to ensure they perform consistently and

efficiently, enhancing the quality of vehicle maintenance and
servicing.

INTRODUCTION

Learning how to maintain your tools is a vital protective measure at your

worksite.
Keeping your tools clean, dry, and organized would be best. Improper care
can lead to decreased efficiency, diminished quality of work, and other
consequences that ultimately result in lost revenue.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 70 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
Routine maintenance and servicing of tools in light vehicle servicing
ensures that they remain in optimal condition, enhancing safety,
efficiency, and longevity.
Here’s a guide tailored to the care and use of tools in the context of light
vehicle maintenance:
HAND TOOLS FOR LIGHT VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

 Wrenches and Sockets:

o Care: Keep them clean and free from grease, grime, and oil
after each use. Wipe down with a clean rag, and store them in
toolboxes or on pegboards to prevent rust and wear.
o Maintenance: Inspect for wear, especially in the jaws or
socket openings. Replace any damaged tools, as worn-out
wrenches can slip and damage bolts or injure the user.
o Use: Ensure you use the correct size wrench or socket for the
job to prevent rounding off fasteners or causing tool damage.

 Screwdrivers:
o Care: Clean the tips after use and ensure they are not bent or
worn down.
o Maintenance: Sharpen flat-head screwdrivers when needed,
and replace damaged or worn-out tips. Ensure handles are
secure and not cracked.
o Use: Use the correct size and type of screwdriver (Phillips,
flathead, Torx, etc.) to avoid damaging screws or the tool
itself.

 Pliers and Cutters:

o Care: Wipe down after use, particularly if they’ve been
exposed to any fluids. Lubricate the joint with a few drops of
oil to keep the pivot smooth.
o Maintenance: Sharpen the cutting edges if necessary.
Ensure the jaws align properly and are not bent or twisted.
o Use: Use pliers or cutters for their intended purpose (e.g.,
cutting wires, gripping) to avoid damage to the tool or vehicle
components.

POWER TOOLS IN LIGHT VEHICLE SERVICING

 Impact Wrench:
o Care: Clean the tool regularly, removing dust, dirt, and debris
from air intakes and exhausts. Store it in a cool, dry area to
avoid moisture buildup.
o Maintenance: Periodically check and lubricate the moving
parts as recommended by the manufacturer. Check the torque
settings regularly to ensure accuracy.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 71 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 o Use: Use only the manufacturer-recommended sockets, and
do not exceed the torque specifications for vehicle
components.

 Drills and Grinders:

o Care: After use, wipe the tool clean and check the power cord
or battery pack for any signs of damage.
o Maintenance: Regularly inspect the chuck or grinding wheels
for wear and tear. Replace damaged bits or grinding discs
immediately. Clean air filters and vents to prevent
overheating.
o Use: Use the correct drill bit or grinder disc for the material
being worked on, and ensure the tool is set to the appropriate
speed for the job.

 Battery Charger and Diagnostic Tools:

o Care: Keep the device clean and dry. Wipe down with a soft
cloth after use and store in a case to protect the screen and
buttons.
o Maintenance: Regularly inspect for any cable damage or
malfunction. For diagnostic tools, ensure software updates are
applied for accurate readings.
o Use: Handle with care, avoiding dropping the device or
exposing it to extreme temperatures. Use only as per
manufacturer guidelines.

MEASURING TOOLS FOR LIGHT VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

 Torque Wrenches:
o Care: Store the torque wrench in its protective case to
prevent it from being damaged. Wipe it clean after each use
and ensure it’s not exposed to excessive heat or moisture.
o Maintenance: Regularly calibrate the wrench to maintain
accuracy, as over time, the readings can become less precise.
o Use: Always reset the torque wrench to the lowest setting
after use to avoid putting constant strain on the internal
mechanism.

 Calipers and Micrometers:

o Care: Keep these precision instruments clean and free of dirt.
After use, wipe with a clean cloth and store in a padded case.
o Maintenance: Calibrate them periodically for precise
measurements. Avoid dropping or banging them against hard
surfaces to prevent misalignment.
o Use: Use with care and avoid applying excessive force, which
can damage their delicate measuring surfaces.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 72 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
SPECIALTY TOOLS FOR LIGHT VEHICLE SERVICING

 OBD-II Scanner:
o Care: Clean the scanner after use, ensuring the cables are not
tangled or damaged. Store in a dry, dust-free environment.
o Maintenance: Keep the software updated for accurate
vehicle diagnostics. Check for any wear or malfunction in the
connectors and replace if necessary.
o Use: Only use the scanner as per the manufacturer’s
instructions, and ensure it is compatible with the vehicle's
make and model.

 Brake Bleeder Tools:

o Care: After use, clean the tool thoroughly, especially if
exposed to brake fluid. Brake fluid is corrosive, so removing
any residue is crucial.
o Maintenance: Inspect for cracks or leaks in hoses and
replace worn parts. Check seals and valves to ensure they
function properly.
o Use: Follow manufacturer guidelines when bleeding brakes to
ensure safety and effectiveness. Avoid using excessive
pressure when operating the tool.

GENERAL TOOL SAFETY IN LIGHT VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate

safety gear, such as gloves, safety glasses, and steel-toed shoes,
when using tools. This prevents injury from flying debris or heavy
tools.
 Proper Use of Jacks and Stands: Ensure the jack or lift is rated
for the vehicle's weight. Always use jack stands to support the
vehicle, never relying solely on the jack.
 Unplug Power Tools When Not in Use: Always unplug power
tools when performing maintenance or replacing parts to prevent
accidental activation.
 Routine Inspection of Tools: Regularly inspect tools for damage
or wear. Damaged tools should be repaired or replaced to prevent
injuries or further damage to the vehicle.

SELF CHECK 1.2-5

CARE AND USE OF TOOLS FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

IDENTIFICATION

Instruction: Write the correct answer on blank provided.

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 73 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
_______________ 1. Always wear appropriate safety gear, such as gloves,
safety glasses, and steel-toed shoes, when using tools. This prevents
injury from flying debris or heavy tools.

_______________ 2. Always unplug power tools when performing

maintenance or replacing parts to prevent accidental activation.

_______________ 3. Regularly inspect tools for damage or wear. Damaged

tools should be repaired or replaced to prevent injuries or further damage
to the vehicle.

_______________ 4. Ensure the jack or lift is rated for the vehicle's weight.
Always use jack stands to support the vehicle, never relying solely on the
jack.

_______________ 5. Clean the scanner after use, ensuring the cables are not
tangled or damaged. Store in a dry, dust-free environment.

ANSWER KEY 1.2-5

CARE AND USE OF TOOLS FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 74 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #
 1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
2. Unplug Power Tools When Not in Use
3. Routine Inspection of Tools
4. Proper Use of Jacks and Stands
5. OBD-II Scanner CARE

Reference
https://anyflip.com/czgge/ccyf/basic
https://blade.ph/blogs/news/the-8-must-haves-for-cleaning-your-car?
srsltid=AfmBOopXWdIqU-
6RGZmzoqZNqS0gVomx7EHRjfOXyCjszIjpgvOQXEAL

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 75 of
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Revision #
https://www.nationalwiper.com/hygiene-tips-to-practice-at-your-auto-
repair-shop/
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2001/
https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/waste-disposal-best-practice
https://travelifestaybetter.com/the-3rs-explained-reduce-reuse-recycle/
#:~:text=The%203Rs%20of%20waste%20management,for%20Reduce
%2C%20Reuse%2C%20Recycle.
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good-condition/
https://heartautocare.com/11-benefits-of-washing-your-car-regularly-that-
you-dont-know/
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maintenance-101-what-you-should-know
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https://chatgpt.com/c/6715c9a5-0684-8000-ba50-c4e6ef04c19b

DRIVING NC II Date Developed:10/21/2024 Document No.

Developed by: Issued by:
TL MABUHAY
Carrying Out Minor Vehicle DRIVING LESSON Page 76 of
Lucky June A. Singcol, Lpt 78
Maintenance and Servicing ACADEMY, INC.
Revision #