Topic Matches: [#1 - 128] / 128

1. The static facts are retrieved from the database while the declarative,
heuristic knowledge components are expressed as rules. The rule
based knowledge is classified as Knowledge that is fra~entary,
modular and often difficult, at a first sight, to place Wlthin a context.
We could say that the system reflects reality by this mix of knowledge
representations; a structured reality which corresponds to a
specification of the problem and drawing, and an unstructured reality
which corresponds to the operators mind and individual interpretation
of the problem.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

2. Uwe Riss. Knowledge, action, and context: Impact on knowledge

management. In this proceedings, 2005.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

[19) Tatsiopoulos, I., P., ’A systematization of knowledge for the

3.
selection and implementation of materials management software’ in
Browne, J (ed), Knowledge Based Production Management Systems,
Elsevier / North - Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1989.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

4. The very starting point of Graig22 is the platonic formula: knowledge

is a true, justi- fied opinion. Knowledge is considered to be a set of
justified, coherent convictions an individual or a group of individuals
has and which is believed to be true by sufficient reasons. The formal
analysis of the statement: “ Individual S knows that fact p” by Gettier
leads to the following conditions: - “S knows that p” if and only if - p is
the case (is factual), - S believe that p , - S is justified to believe that
p.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Knowledge + Skills + “x”

5.
Klaus Kornwachs Lehrstuhl Technikphilosophie, Brandenburgische
 Technische Universität Cottbus, D-03044 Cottbus kornwachs@tu-
cottbus.de http://www.tu-cottbus.de/techphil Abstract.
A conceptual analysis of the knowledge concept shows that the dis-
tinction between tacit and explicit knowledge is not sufficient. The
concept of good informant and good doer is introduced in order to
show that effective knowledge is closely connected with the concept
of “body”.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge + Skills + “x” 33 brought up new technologies themselves

6.
and new forms of organizations and means in order to handle
knowledge in an interlinked wired world. With the new possibilities
new problems with these knowledge technologies arose.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

7. 2.4 Pattern-Based Identification of Knowledge Problems Knowledge

problems do not exist per se. They represent current conditions that
prevent organizations from effectively achieving their business goals.
Therefore, in order to identify knowledge problems in organizations,
first a set of business goals need to be recognized and/or defined (
Step 1 - depicted in figure 4).

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

8. Knowledge is distributed in specific interaction contexts and in order

to be effective, it must realized according to the interaction context
state of affairs and its specific in- teraction rules and protocols. An
explicit interaction context model would greatly en- hance the
effectiveness of knowledge distribution services. Moreover,
knowledge shared among action contexts could be efficiently
represented in a single collective element.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge evaluation These eight entities are sometimes referred to

9.
as building blocks of knowledge management ( KM). Building blocks 2
to 7 form the core of KM. A continuous improvement cycle (à la plan-
do-check-act [4]) can result when knowledge management follows
predefined objectives, when it is evaluated after implementation and
 when a feedback loop is closed between knowledge evaluation and
knowledge objectives.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

10. Knowledge development: The goal of knowledge development is to

produce innovation. In clinical medicine, innovation is developed
predominantly through clinical trials. Thus, the roles of "knowledge
producers" and "knowledge users" are distinct in clinical medicine,
and knowledge development is not an issue for KM in our context.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge dissemination: As we have not evaluated usage patterns,

11.
nothing can be reported about this building block of knowledge
management. Conventionally, dissemination of new knowledge in
medicine utilizes a case-based discussion. It is

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

12. 1 Introduction Knowledge management faces the classical

information overload problem particularly when browsing information
from heterogeneous sources on the Web. In the light of this,
information extraction has been applied to the Web to extract entities
of various types and relations between them [6, 8, 19], where named
entity recognition ( NER) serves as the basis by identifying entities of
various types. However, these tools are either heavily dependent on
the domain they are working on [8, 19] or need training data [6, 8,
19].

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

13. Dixon, N.: Common knowledge. Harvard Business School Press

(2000) 5. Sharp, D.: Knowledge management today: Challenges and
opportunities.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge, Action, and Context: Impact on Knowledge Management

14.
607 knowledge is the natural context dependency of knowledge. This
 context de- pendency of knowledge has been recently taken up by
epistemic contextualists [4,25]. Nevertheless this contextualist
approach do not consequently reflect on the role of action.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

McInerney, C.: Knowledge management and the dynamic nature of

15.
knowledge.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

16. Knowledge usage: A typical problem of knowledge usage in internal

medicine is the implementation of new information into the daily
workflow routine (e. g. usage of a new laboratory parameter in
intensive care). We had identified an instance of this problem as we
had provided an annotated laboratory guide.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge, Action, and Context: Impact on Knowledge Management

17.
605 knowledge to do this is always available. This assumption is
acceptable as long as the context is largely stable. Then it can be
assumed that the users have al- ready learned to manage both
difficulties.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

18. 8 Conclusion: Towards a New Approach in Software Engineering

When Allen Newell wrote his paper The Knowledge Level in 1982 [4],
he in- vented a new meaning for knowledge, that allowed computer
scientists to think differently the notions of digital document and
browsing among content. But the analysis of recent systems, such as
those mentioned above, reveals that the Knowledge approach is
being built down and replaced by a Collection approach.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

9 MATCHING WITH BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE One source of

19.
difficulty for matching is that ontolo- gies are designed in a particular
 context, with some background knowledge, which often do not
become part of the final ontology specification.

Ontology matching state of the art and futur.pdf

20. Knowledge objective: The objective of knowledge management

based on non-patient- related information is provide state-of-the-art-
knowledge for at least the common clinical decisions. In our context,
this means availability and dissemination of the relevant knowledge
for every physician and every ward in the department. The

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Fig. 1. Knowledge Processes Visualize Distributed Organizational

21.
Knowledge Work Observations of reoccurring knowledge work
patterns (e. g. [12]) and the sup- position that patterns of certain
knowledge process constellations are able to indicate relevant
knowledge problems give reason for the following definition of the
term knowledge problem pattern: Knowledge problem patterns are
generic constellations of knowledge processes that indicate potential
knowledge problems and -deficits in organizations.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Since we have identified between 20 and 50 knowledge processes in

22.
each of our case studies so far, instruments that aid in focus setting
are crucial. Knowledge problem patterns help in focussing on
relevant areas for improvement.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Workflow Model CCBR-Case Knowledge type general knowledge

23.
specific knowledge, exceptions, ad-hoc events Domain well
understood, narrow, stable over time poorly understood, wide,
dynamic over time Actor workflow modeler workflow user Time of
creation build-time run-time Reuse automated requires user
interaction The general knowledge of a domain is represented in the
workflow model, while cases are able to utilize specific knowledge of
previously experienced concrete problem situations. In general, the
workflow model captures broad trends in a domain, while cases are
good at covering details and at describing exceptions and ad- hoc
 events. The declarative knowledge encoded in the workflow model
can be adapted to changing environments by cases, without
necessarily requiring the workflow model to be rewritten at every new
turn of events.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

He examines context- restrictions, which determine different types of

24.
knowledge. Kornwachs [6] stated in his keynote contribution “
Knowledge + Skills + X”: “The ’x’ for which we are looking for, is not
only a context that may clarify a linguistic ambiguity, but also
something that has to do with the fact, that a bearer of knowledge (as
well as a carrier of information) is a physical entity”.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

A Demonstrator of an Architecture of a Knowledge Based Assistance

25.
System 4.1 Blackboard Control Architecture An architecture and its
implementation for a knowledge-based assistance system for the
medical management of the acute radiation syndrome ( RADES) are
presented in accordance to the requirement analysis of chapter two.
The knowledge engineering tool KEE’" has been choosen for the
implementation. KEE’" offers a first-order predicate calculus inference
mechanism, a truth maintenance system, an object oriented
representation oCthe fact-base, and an object-oriented user interface
tool-kit.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

26. Knowledge and experience exist on several levels of sophistication.

Learning software organizations must address each knowledge level
by appropriate methods and techniques. Buch and Humm have
structured knowledge assets into a pyramid of increased
sophistication and reuse-benefit.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

2 Approach Knowledge problem patterns build on the existing

27.
concepts of knowledge processes [4,5] and patterns [9]. Knowledge
processes represent an approach of vi- sualizing organizational
knowledge work based on business processes and thereby are
 considered to represent the generation, storage, transfer and
application of certain knowledge domains across or within business
processes [4] while patterns represent a relation between a certain
context, a problem, and a solution [9].

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

companies’ staff to their respective organizational units 45o

28.
Knowledge about the technical partners’ restrictions and about their
weaknesses and strengths knowledge about the applicatioon
domain; knowledge about the organization which develops and
maintains software, knowledge from technical literature and historical
data related to software development and maintenance; knowledge
about the clients and finally knowledge about technical partners.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

29. 2 E-Learning and Knowledge Management — Two Paradigms 2.1

Knowledge Management Knowledge management is a discipline
originating from management studies, but always going hand in hand
with information technologies both as a reason for its necessity and
as a technical solution for the implementation. Knowledge
management takes an organizational perspective on learning, and
the main problem it tries to address is the lack of sharing knowledge
among members of the organization. Its solutions try to enable and
encourage the individuals’ making explicit their knowledge by
creating knowledge assets or engaging in discussion forums.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Application of Knowledge Problem Patterns 265 Knowledge” in figure

30.
6) and 2. The generation as well as the transfer of knowl- edge about
customers is not covered respectively organizationally supported in
any business process ( Pattern 5 ” Knowledge Outage” in figure 6).
Findings like these might pose severe problems for organization O’s
goal to improve satisfac- tion among its customers.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Application of Knowledge Problem Patterns 267 6 Conclusions

31.
Knowledge problem patterns point organizations to conditions that
 potentially prevent them from effectively achieving their business
goals. In this contribution, a set of knowledge problem patterns and
an according process of applying them was introduced. Thereby it is
important to keep in mind that the introduced knowledge problem
patterns represent indicators for potential knowledge prob- lems and
no bullet-proof triggers for improvement actions.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

2.1 Project Assumption: Communication About Information Creates

32.
Knowledge Analysis of the current situation in the IT-based
Knowledge Management as introduced in the previous section
showed a strong orientation towards the communicative aspect in
knowledge dissemination, which resulted in the implementation of the
solutions within the KnowBiT-project focusing on exactly that field.
This is reinforced by the fact that, from the information technological
point of view, the interdisciplinary field of knowl- edge management
has always been tailored strongly to the field of information man-
agement. The domain of communication management, which
sometimes bears relations to information management, does exist
separately but only little work can be found that relate both fields to
knowledge management, which in businesses is often attributed to
the field of company organization.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

33. The technical papers solicited for this workshop succeeded in

providing new in- sights and new stimuli to incorporate the
Information JIT concept into Knowledge Management. We accepted
six papers, two abstracts, and one demonstration proposal. They
introduced and discussed concepts such as “just-in-time information
delivery” and “just-in-time knowledge management” in analogy to
“just-in-time manufactur- ing.”

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge management is a discipline of general management. It

34.
aims at providung management tools for managing "knowledge" as a
production factor, in addition to the classical production factors
labour, capital and real estate. In all KM approaches, concepts of
data, information, and knowledge are defined.
 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge Creation Framework – Enabling Just-in-Time Information

35.
Delivery 701 2 Knowledge and the Knowledge Creation Framework
Most research and applications in business- and artificial intelligence
understand knowledge according to the „knowledge stairs“ of North
[Nor98] as information in context. Within Siemens it is understood as
potential for action [ Dav02] in the dimen- sions of proficiency,
codification and diffusion. Nonaka [ Non95, p.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Substance, People, and

36.
Tools – Knowledge Management at sd&m Arnim Buch and Bernhard
Humm sd&m Research, sd&m – software design & management,
Carl-Wery-Str. 42, 81739 München, Germany { Arnim. Buch,
Bernhard.Humm}@sdm.de Abstract.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Motivation and Results of the Workshop Knowledge management is

37.
a dynamic evolving discipline. So far, two main directions to tackle
the challenges of knowledge management have been identified:
human- oriented and technology oriented [11]. Though there are
more knowledge manage- ment approaches which encompass both
directions, no ultimate solution has evolved.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 700 M. Siebert Context problem within classical knowledge
38.
management (re-use) and just-in time delivery High content
management efforts to handle K-objects From passive to active
process support Potential of new intelligent technologies
Neurological insights to cognition processes (e. g. role of emotions [
Dam03]) Semantic Web Knowledge creation Drivers Enablers
Optimization of knowledge-intensive processes masters business
complexity and focussed usage of human resources JIT information
delivery

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Bridging the Gap Between

39.
Knowledge Management and E-Learning with Context-Aware
Corporate Learning Andreas Schmidt FZI Research Center for
Information Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany
[email protected] Abstract. Knowledge management and
e-learning both address the same fundamental problem: facilitating
learning in organizations. But they approach the problem with two
different paradigms, resulting in two different types of system.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

40. 2 Requirements for “ Integrated Clinical Pathways” As part of our

work within the working group “ Medical Controlling” of the German “
Society for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology (
GMDS)” we identi- fied requirements for an all-embracing
implementation of clinical pathways in daily routine and the
computer-based knowledge processing needed for this. The most
important requirements are listed below: Functional Requirements:
Pathway Management includes the whole pathway life- cycle as
shown in Fig. 1. Knowledge based functions have to be implemented
to sup- port modelling of the clinical workflow processes, workflow
execution, monitoring and documentation as well as simulations
based on the pathway models and analysis of models and of applied
pathways.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 The Promise of Automated

41.
Interactivity Michael Yacci Rochester Institute of Technology,
 Rochester, NY 14623, USA [email protected] Abstract. This paper
discusses issues and potential methods that can be applied to create
instruction and interactive instructional material automatically from
knowledge components. Knowledge management systems generally
promote a static recombination of text and images, with little concern
as to how these objects and components will actually work as useful,
well-designed instruction.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Type of Knowledge 1o Organization best practices for coding 2o

42.
Organization best practices for tests 3o Organization best practices
for software documentation 4o Organization best practices for quality
assurance 5o Knowledge about the organization software processes
5o Organization best practices for the problem solving process 7o
Organization best practices for specification and analysis of software
requirements 8o Organization best practices for software. design 9o
Knowledge about the application domain 10o Organization best
practices for project management 11o Organization best practices for
system engineering 12o Templates of documents, including real
examples of their use 13o Organization best practices for the
evaluation and improvement of software processes 14o Software
items such as specifications, system architecture, source code and
test cases 15o Organization best practices for process modelling.
16o Organization best practices for software maintenance 17o
Knowledge about the evaluation of the organization software
processes 18o Knowledge about the distribution of competences
among the organization professionals 19o Reports on the best
practices in the software industry 20o Knowledge about
organizational objectives and goals 20o Organization best practices
for training 22o Organization historical data related to project
management 23o Organization.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

43. The idea of supporting learning on demand and the interweaving of

learning and working processes has also been the foundation for the
“ Knowledge on Demand” ( KOD) project[17], which has concentrated
on resource metadata rather than “user metadata”, and the AD-HOC
platform [9], which demonstrates the potential of knowledge
management systems for learning. However, these approach do not
fully realize neither the full potential of a thorough consideration of
 context, nor the non- trivial problem of dealing with imperfect and
dynamic user context information. This becomes most apparent with
their lack of a generic user context management functionality.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The knowledge management paradigm The knowledge management

44.
paradigm developed by Probst and the Geneva knowledge group [3]
has been used to evaluate this project a posteriori. In this framework,
knowledge management entails 1. Knowledge objectives 2.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION STRUCTURES FOR THE

45.
EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PlANNING AND CONTROL
SYSTEMS I.P. Tatsiopoulos and N.D. Mekras National Technical
University of Athens, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Sector of
Industrial Management & O.R., 28is Octovriou 42 - 10682 Athens -
Greece Abstract This paper describes the knowledge representation
of an expert system which helps solving the problem of evaluating
software packages for production planning and control ( pPC). It
addresses this problem on the basis of the package's function ali ties
and features as compared with the production management theory
for the various types of production systems. A frame-based
knowledge representation model is proposed whose objects and
relations describe a typology of production systems and a generic
PPC software package.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Diefenbruch, M., Hoffmann, M., Misch, A., Schneider, H.: Situated

46.
knowledge management - KM on the borderline between chaos and
rigidity. In: Proceedings of PAKM 2000 - Conference on Practical
Aspects of Knowledge Management.
(2000) 8–1–8–7
11. Oxendine, E., Nissen, M.E.: Knowledge process and system
design for the carrier battle group.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING,
47.
VOL. X, NO. X, JANUARY 201X 2 knowledge, (iv) matcher selection,
combination and tuning, (v) user involvement, (vi) explanation of
matching results, (vii) social and collaborative match- ing, (viii)
alignment management: infrastructure and support.

Ontology matching state of the art and futur.pdf

48. 4 Conclusion The results presented in the table 2 (the most general)
and those that report the importance attributed by each group of
participants (more specific) are of practical importance to any
company in Salvador that wishes to introduce Knowledge
Management in their software engineering context. The results
obtained should not been thought as prescriptive but rather as
descriptive and be analyzed when deciding on what to prioritize.
Some observations made during the carrying out of the survey can
explain the importance given to certain types of knowledge, and
therefore provide additional support to the decision.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge + Skills + “x” 41 edge is acquired mainly not by linguistic

49.
means, the respective good informant may be a “good doer”. 28 In
analogy we could then define: - A good doer is able to put into
practice a technical function that is a solution with respect to a given
problem.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

50. { Knowledge, Knowledge to make, Knowledge to be} Title Other roles

" Learner" Staff roles Learning activity (action) Resources Actors/
Roles ( Strategy for solving problems involved within the activity)+ (
Classification & description of concepts defining the activity)+

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

It is dynamic: Knowledge is both created and used during project

51.
execution. For example, in the agile environment, project team
members may be replaced at more than one stage during the project,
due to complications with the project deliverable or problems with
 customer relationships. The effect is that knowl- edge regarding staff
acquisition and risk response planning is both created and used
along the project timeline.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

1 Introduction and Motivation It seems that Knowledge Management

52.
and e-Learning have quite contrasting perspectives on knowledge.
Knowledge management depends very much on the assumption that
knowledge is carried by data, as knowledge management sys- tems
are typically complex information processing systems designed to
serve the human user by a variety of interactive data manipulations.
In contrast, the e-learning community believes that the knowledge
they are interested in is not sitting in the data.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

53. 1 Introduction Knowledge management ( KM) has become an

important issue over the last ten years. The increasing complexity
and quantity of knowledge generated in and necessary for
organizations demanded methods and tools supporting search for
and access to knowledge. Many of the tools used did not provide the
expected results[20].

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

54. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Human Resource

Management with Ontologies Ernst Biesalski1,2 and Andreas
Abecker2 1 DaimlerChrysler AG, Werk Wörth
[email protected] 2
Forschungszentrum Informatik ( FZI), Karlsruhe {biesalski,
abecker}@fzi.de Abstract. In the first part of our paper we want to
depict the dependencies be- tween the two topics „ Human Resource
Management“ ( HRM) and „ Knowledge Management“ ( KM). Next we
define competency management and describe a concrete scenario at
DaimlerChrysler AG, Wörth Plant where we use ontologies in the
context of competency management to do strategic training planning.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 Knowledge management instruments such as portals could integrate
55.
different sources and thereby support such situations. 10) External
Dependency identifies situations where knowledge that is needed to
perform well in business processes is generated outside of the
organization. This may indicate critical dependencies from external
knowledge suppliers.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING,

56.
VOL. X, NO. X, JANUARY 201X 12 was reduced to the validity
problem for the propo- sitional calculus. The basic version of S-Match
used a standard satisfiability procedure of SAT4J7.

Ontology matching state of the art and futur.pdf

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING,

57.
VOL. X, NO. X, JANUARY 201X 14 personalized to each matcher.
Thus, various ways of encoding the matcher combination and the
tuning problem have to be explored and developed further.

Ontology matching state of the art and futur.pdf

58. On the one hand clinical pathways can help healthcare providers to
work more ef- ficiently, but on the other hand the implementation and
use of Clinical pathways cause additional effort, e. g. during the
design and optimization phase, during applica- tion, monitoring and
documentation or during the analysis of results. Knowledge
management methods can successfully be applied to limit this effort
mainly by shar- ing of knowledge among different applications,
decision support, alerting functions, automatic time and resource
control, but also by automatically deriving additional knowledge about
costs, profitability and possibilities of improvement.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The subsequent contribution [3] described an integrated application

59.
of Knowledge Discovery in Databases ( KDD), related to practical
problems. The authors developed a decision table based framework
to connect KDD processes with business intelli- gence system
 implementations and a knowledge management strategy. The ability
of decision tables to offer a highly intuitive visualization of the
extracted knowledge was shown by a series of real-life credit scoring
cases.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

4 Concluding Remarks Knowledge of the internal structures and

60.
semantics of concep tual schemas and their relatedness is critical to
our ability to understand how their underlying information repositories
are or ganized. Current trends in the fields of database technology
and knowledge engineering dictate the need for advanced
knowledge based interactive tools for schema context diagnosis and
integra tion. Unless one understands what the individual objects
mean, how they are organized, and how they are semantically
related to one another, one cannot integrate them effectively in a dis
tributed environment.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

61. 4 F. Bacons dictum is slightly different. He did not say: “ Knowledge

is power”, but: “ipso scientia potestas est”. Here he pointed out rather
Science as a method and as an institution than knowledge as such.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

62. 17 Heidegger has made a decisive step toward a pragmatic

interpretation. Knowledge, as a result from a cognitive act, is
knowledge about a thing or a situation and how to handle it
adequately. The meaning of this interpretation may be para- phrased
in terms like “(s)he knows how to behave oneself” or “s(h)e knows
how to handle it”, as equivalent with “(s)he knows something”.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

63. This claim is stronger than for everyday knowledge and it must prove
oneself to be of good quality against critics and trials of refutations.
Knowledge can be explicated in statements that can be main- tained
and defended with good reasons ([5] Böhme 1999). These
statements are in- formation that can be understood.
 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge and Innovation: Journal of the Knowledge Management

64.
Consortium International 1 (2001) 12. Swaak, J., Efimova, L.,
Kempen, M., Graner, M.: Finding in-house knowledge: Patterns and
implications. In: Proceedings of I-Know’04 - 4th International Con-
ference on Knowledge Management, Graz, Austria (2004)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

65. Knowledge identification: Identification of the pertinent knowledge for

a KM system in internal medicine is hard. Clearly, there is conflicting
evidence in the primary literature. Contradictions may even be found
when guidelines are compared with each other.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Furthermore, the notion of “ Knowledge is Power” still prevails in law

66.
firms as in many other organizations. Especially in those law firms
whose remuneration systems are run on an “eat what you kill” basis,
a high level of competitiveness among law- yers can generate a fear
of losing influence by sharing one’s “unique” knowledge. But even in
law firms adhering to a “lockstep culture” and thereby putting strong
empha- sis on cooperation between their members, one often finds a
strong psychological barrier to sharing knowledge: lawyers with
specific Know-how in a particular subject- matter typically hope to
enjoy a higher standing and reputation within the firm by keeping
their expertise instead of sharing it.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

67. [16] G. Canfora, A. Cimitile, and C.A. Visaggio, “ Lessons learned

about Distributed Pair programming: what are the knowledge needs
to address?”, proc. of Knowledge Management of Distributed Agile
Process-WETICE, IEEE Computer Society, 2003.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

[21] G. B. Foresythe, J. Hedlund, S. Snook, J. A. Horvath, W.M.

68.
Williams, R.C. Bullis, M. Dennis, and R. Sternberg, “ Construct
 validation of tacit Knowledge for military Leadership”, Annual Meeting
of the American Education Research Association, 1998.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

69. Knowledge and Context. In the discussion of the distinction between

practical knowledge and propositional knowledge Riss [8] shows that
both concepts of knowledge are based on the same footing, i. e.,
action.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge, Action, and Context: Impact on Knowledge Management

70.
Uwe V. Riss SAP Research, CEC Karlsruhe, Vincenz-Priessnitz-Str.
1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Abstract. The relation between
knowledge and action is discussed.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING,

71.
VOL. X, NO. X, JANUARY 201X 13 Once the necessary knowledge
has been recov- ered, e. g., through a composition of several
auxiliary resources, the issue is how to maintain it.

Ontology matching state of the art and futur.pdf

References [1] Louise Scott, Ross Jeffery: The Anatomy of an

72.
Experience Repository, Proc. International Symposium on Empirical
Software Engineering, 2003 [2] Felicia Kurniawati, Ross Jeffery: The
Long-term Effects of an EPG/ER in a Small Software Organisation,
Proc. Australian Software Engineering Conference, 2004 [3] Wickert
Anja, Richard Herschel: Knowledge management issues for smaller
businesses, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol 5, no.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

73. Infor- mation System Management (2003) 6. Koenig, M.E.D.,

Srikantaiah, T.K.: Knowledge management lessons learned: What
 works and what doesn’t. American Society for Information Science
and Technology Monograph Series (2004) 7.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

74. A few more indispensable definitions are given below: An expert

system is a knowledge processing unit (combination of hardware and
software), designed to replace or sustain an expert. It reacts to its
environment in a way much alike the way a human expert reacts.
Knowledge is added to the s~stem in an symbolic encoded form.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

The basic problem in closely coupling hypertext with an object-

75.
oriented system is the semantics which has to be associated to the
hypertext links. In TOROS-Hyper, the general classes " Knowledge
object" and "link" can be specialized to capture this semantics.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

76. 14 L. Kerschberg and H. Jeong in the creation of new knowledge,

and to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge [23] via
discussion groups. Our work on both WebSifter and Knowledge Sifter
has shown that personalized search preferences together with user-
specified, ontology-directed search specification and results
evaluation can enhance the precision of documents returned by
search engines. Thus search services are an important component of
knowledge management.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

An example for a knowledge stance is “learning about factors that

77.
influence long- term credits” that is connected to the task “check
credit-worthiness” in the business process “lending”. Knowledge
stances are initiated by occasions for generating new knowledge that
occur in connection to knowledge-oriented tasks in business proc-
esses, for example an unusual long time for repayment of a concrete
credit that makes approving or disapproving the credit more complex
or risky. The knowledge stance results in knowledge-oriented actions,
for example to “contact an expert for long-term credits”, to “look-up
 experiences with previously approved long-term credits” or to
“access guidelines regulating approval/disapproval of credits”.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

78. The term of knowledge has always been an important concept in the
History of Phi- losophy and later in Cognitive Psychology. To know
something was regarded to be better than to know nothing, it was
brought together with power,4 despite the dictum of Socrates that he
knew to know nothing. 5 Knowledge has become a societal norma-
tive concept when Nico Stehr coined the term of knowledge society
as a follower of information society.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

3 Information and Knowledge In this chapter a short excurse should

79.
be allowed in order to sketch roughly the con- ceptual distinction
between information and knowledge.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

80. 19 Knowledge must be communicable. As a scientific knowledge, the

relevant given information must be explicit and comprehensible in
order to check the statement. The claim to be valid normally is given
by the methodology used to generate the knowl- edge that has lead
to the information communicated.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge + Skills + “x” 39 - The knowledge needed is not

81.
obtainable by the information that is currently avail- able.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge acquisition: Relevant information was defined in

82.
structural terms (procedural orders by the department, national
guidelines). This has been well-defined and successful. A major
source of knowledge acquisition in academic medicine not addressed
 by us is the knowledge provided from review articles and national
conferences.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

83. Knowledge maintenance: We believe that knowledge maintenance in

internal medicine should be performed by experienced physicians. It
must be noted that they are carriers of tacit knowledge which enables
them to review information by its clinical relevance [9]. In our
scenario, there have been no organizational provisions for this.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

KPMG: Knowledge management research report. Technical report,

84.
KPMG Con- sulting (2000) 8. Henninger, S.: Using software process
to support learning software organizations.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge exists in cognitive processes, it can be generated and

85.
forgotten and it “lives” in an organisational closure, that is much more
complex than in case of infor- mation. This organisational closure is
the “body” for knowledge and it’s processing. Implicit knowledge
requires an explicit body that can express the relevant informa- tion,
able to be observed and understood.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

BPS as a Basis for Computerized Knowledge Management 553 3.

86.
Papavassiliou, G., Ntioudis, S., Abecker, A., Mentzas, G.A.:
Supporting knowledge- intensive work in public administration
processes. Knowledge and Process Man- agement 10 (2003) 164–
174 4.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

87. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2000) 26.

Noy, N.F., Musen, M.A.: Anchor-prompt: Using non-local context
for semantic matching.
 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Knowledge Representation

88.
and the Embodied Mind: Towards a Philosophy and Technology of
Personalized Informatics Wolf-Tilo Balke1 and Klaus Mainzer2 1 L3S
Research Center, Universität Hannover, 30539 Hannover, Germany
[email protected] http://www. l3s. de/~ balke 2 Chair for Philosophy
of Science, Institute of Interdisciplinary Informatics, Universität
Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
[email protected]
http://www.informatik.uni-augsburg.de/I3/ Abstract.
Knowledge representation has a long tradition in logic and philoso-
phy.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

89. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING,

VOL. X, NO. X, JANUARY 201X 10 Challenges vs. applications
Design Run time time Large-scale evaluation (§7) √ Efficiency of
ontology matching (§8) √ Matching with background knowledge (§9)
√ √ Matcher selection and self-configuration (§10) √ √ User
involvement (§11) √ √ Explanations of ontology matching (§12) √
Collaborative and social ontology matching (§13) √ Alignment
infrastructure (§14) √ √ TABLE 3: Applications vs. challenges. The
checkmarks indicate the primarily impact of the challenges under
consideration on two broad types of appli- cations.

Ontology matching state of the art and futur.pdf

Background Work in Knowledge MOdeling Some of the earliest work

90.
in knowl- edge modeling was done as part of the rule-based system
approach. In this approach, the agent's knowl- edge was viewed
mainly as directly available recognition knowledge (i. e., knowledge
that indicates ex- actly what to do in a situation).

Task-Structure Analysis for KM.pdf

91. Surprisingly, most authors of popular approaches in business

process oriented knowledge management have moved on to new
challenges (e. g. [10]). Nevertheless, selected results of current
 research in these areas were presented and discussed at the
workshop. In order to provide an overview and guideline all workshop
contributions are positioned on a process for modeling Knowledge
intensive Business Processes ( Fig.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The term “organizational closure” is introduced to describe the

92.
circumventing circle of interacting co-systems that are not only
technical but also mostly organizational systems. 13 One important
part of this organizational closure for each technical device is the
knowledge handling. Knowledge is needed to enable a subject to use
any technology, e.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Thus the knowledge-model ing methodology is a cumulative enterpr

93.
ise by re- searchers a round the world: as re- search in some task
(say diagnosis or design) is carr ied on in various domains a round
the world, differ- ent methods are identified, their knowledge
requirements under- stood, generalizations and com- monalities
recognized, perfor- mance characteristics of the methods are
analytically under- stood, and a task structure which incorporates this
collective product of research emerges. Knowledge- model ing for
that part icular task is then facilitated by this task struc- ture: we know
what kinds of knowl- edge and strategies are needed for the methods
and can use the terms of analysis to model the knowledge in the
domain.

Task-Structure Analysis for KM.pdf

[ StTh90] P. D. Stachour, B. Thuraisingham. Design of LDV: A

94.
multilevel secure relational datab{ Ule management system. IEEE
Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engmeering, vol.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Knowledge objective + Knowledge identification + Knowledge

95.
acquisition + Knowledge development – Knowledge dissemination ?
Knowledge maintenance – Knowledge usage ? Knowledge
evaluation – Legend: "+" task has been accomplished satisfactorily
 "–" task has not been accomplished satisfactorily "?" unclear whether
this was satisfactory Lotus Notes has been tried as base software for
clinical information solutions before.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The prospect of some additional, not immediately client-related, work

96.
is thus, in many cases, not greeted with much enthusiasm. This may,
however, be different in a larger law firm where management tasks,
including developing and fostering a Knowledge Management
system, are often divided up amongst the partners.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

97. : The E-Business Workplace: Discovering the Power of Enterprise

Portals. John Wiley & Sons, New York (2001) 29. Walsham, G.:
Knowledge management systems: Action and representation.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

98. ASK for " Acquisition of Strategic Knowledge," interacts with an ex-
pert to acquire knowledge for MU- based systems. Because ASK is
writ- ten specifically for MU, it knows about the strategy and types of
knowledge needed for the task; hence ASK can interact with an
exper t at the task level ra ther than at a lower implementat ional
level.

Task-Structure Analysis for KM.pdf

3 Conclusion: Substance, People, and Tools Knowledge

99.
management at sd&m distils to the three essentials: substance,
people, and tools – see Fig. 1 for a categorization of the for sd&m
relevant topics (substance), processes (people) and tools.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

100. best practices for system operation (hardware, software etc.) and
support to users 23o Knowledge about the types of software
developed in the organization 25o Organization best practices for
reuse of software items 26o References to technological
 developments in Software Engineering 26o Reports on the lessons
learned by the software industry 28o Knowledge about the critical
organizational areas to the achievement of organizational objectives
29o Organization historical data related to product metrics 30o
References. to theoretical knowledge about Software Engineering
31o Knowledge about the organization’s restrictions and about its
weaknesses and strengths 32o Organization historical data related to
quality assurance 33o Organization historical data related to process
metrics 34o Knowledge about the organizational processes 35o
Knowledge about the mission of the organization 36o Organization
best practices for configuration management 37o Organization best
practices for risk management. 38o Knowledge about organizational
guidelines and standards 39o Answers for the most frequent
questions made by organization software developers 40o
Representation of the organizational structure 41o Knowledge about
the organizational processes of client companies 42o Organization
best practices for the process of supplying software products 43o
Representation of the organizational structure of client companies
44o Knowledge about the allocation of client.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

[6] G. Falcitelli, L. Meo-Evoli, E. Nardelli, F.L. Ricci,"The Mefisto*

101.
model: an object-oriented representation for statistical data
management" ,in " Data Analysis, Learning Symbolic and Numeric
Knowledge", Nova Science Publishers, 1989.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

102. 3 Creating Incentives to Contribute to Knowledge Management A

lack of motivation on the part of many lawyers to actively contribute
to Knowledge Management is another typical problem faced when
introducing Knowledge Man- agement. This problem also often
recurs at later stages when expanding and main- taining the
Knowledge Management system; lawyers are often too busy with
client work and the acquisition of new clients to have the time and
continuous interest to support Knowledge Management.
Furthermore, lawyers often feel that they already have enough
administrative work to deal with in addition to normal client work.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 Knowledge in a task structure comes in four forms. First, each task
103.
must be accomplished using knowledge that maps the input of the
task to the output . Second, knowledge must indicate when an
applicable subtask is needed.

Task-Structure Analysis for KM.pdf

For example a user would access the Knowledge Integration actor,

104.
which uses the UDDI directory to gain knowledge about other ac- tors
providing services in the model. The UDDI registry is an essential
directory service, which describes the service actors in the SOA
environment. In Figure 4, we present a vision of the next generation
SAGE ELS based on SOA.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

1 Knowledge and Representation Knowledge representation which is

105.
today used in database applications, artificial intelligence, software
engineering, and many other disciplines of computer science has
deep roots in logic and philosophy [15]. In the beginning, there was
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) who developed logic as a precise method
for reasoning about knowledge. Syllogisms were introduced as
formal patterns for representing special figures of logical deductions.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

106. We explore these issues within the context of a research project

called Knowledge Sifter, which is being conducted at George Mason
University’s E-Center for E- Business. We show how the Knowledge
Sifter architecture can be used for JIT-KM.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge + Skills + “x” 35 - In natural sciences our general

107.
knowledge is expressed by natural laws, frequently given in form of
differential equations. The situational knowledge is given by the start
and boundary conditions in an experiment. They define the possibility
to make forecast as well as they describe the preparation of the
experiment.
 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

MADE is a KBS development environment based on KANT (

108.
Knowledge engineers assistANT). This is a hypertext like knowledge
analysis tool originally built to assist in the develop ment of a KBS to
provide decision support for Department of Social Security ( DSS)
Adjudication Officers in the assessment of clams for benefits in local
DSS offices [6]. The system was called the I::oca1 Office
Demonstrator ( LOD) System and was one of three applications built
as part of the Alvey DHSS Large Demonstrator Project aimed at
demonstrating the viability of KBS decision support in large,
legislation based organisations [7].

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

References [ 1] Matsuka,H. and Uno,S.: Canonical Geometric

109.
Modeling for Computer Aided Design, Data Base Techniques for
Pictorial Applications Proc. 81, Springer-Verlag, pp233-252 (1978) [2]
Tsurutani,T., Kasahata,Y. and Miyashita, T.: A geographic information
overlay method for regional analysis, Systems and Computers in
Japan, 17 no. 8, pp41-48 (1986) [ 3] Shimada,S., Miyatake,T.,
Mastsushima,H. and Ejiri,M.: " Knowledge based Multimedia
Database Management System and its Application to Map
Information Systems", Proc. of the International Workshop on
Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Applications.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

110. Building such a learning activity requires first identifying the

scenarios that will be proposed to the trainees, the different tasks to
perform, the different roles to be distributed, etc. and then modelling
these different aspects. When the knowledge that is to be acquired is
part of the company Knowledge Management system, it appears
natural to build the learning activities scenarios from the data stored
in the Knowledge Management system.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge Work Happens sporadically Not embedded in standard

111.
processes and knowledge structures Often new domains of interest
 for knowledge workers Lots of ad-hoc interactions Value hard to
assess Knowledge Generated and utilized in a decentralized way
Embedded in organizational and social structures (people) ...

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

402 R. Karni and M. Kaner Table 1. A taxonomy of project

112.
management processes according to PMBOK [3] Knowledge area
Management process

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The agile development methods described above are in part a

113.
reaction to this drive for tightly controlled processes. Creativity in the
arts is perhaps the least structured of activities — what is the process
for crafting a beautiful sonnet? Knowledge work, whose product is
intangible, falls between the extremes of workflow management and
poetry.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

114. This information should be organized so that all the logical and
physical relations are visualized in a problem adequate way.
Knowledge structured to suffice these principles, will allow that the
same set of textual and related visual information can be made
accessible to different target applications. As a consequence it will be
possible to implement different applications such as a configuration
system (assembling the engine), a diagnosis system (fmding
defective parts) or an educational system (teaching the internals of
the engine) using the same visual database as a kernel component
for the various applications.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

6) Handle knowledge and schema evolution: Knowledge is in

115.
constant evolution. This implies changes to ontologies with ensuing
repercussions on the related relational schema. The schema must,
therefore, cope with it while maintaining earlier knowledge
interpretations and preserving coherent data [17].
 Generating_Relational_Database.pdf

When confronted with a sudden change in project scope or an

116.
unexpected development, a project manager must make a series of
interre- lated decisions in response. Knowledge about the content of
and interconnec- tions between decisions made in similar
circumstances in the past can help the project manager to keep in
mind all decisions that need to be taken. We present an integrated
case- and cluster-based architecture for supporting multi-domain
decisionmaking within project management.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

117. 588 W.- T. Balke and K. Mainzer 2 Self-organization and the

Embodied Mind Knowledge representations with ontologies,
categories, frames, and scripts of expert systems work along the
discussion in section 1. However, they are restricted to a specialized
knowledge base without the vast, if somewhat unspecific background
knowledge of a human expert. Human experts do not only rely on
explicit (declara- tive) rule-based representations, but also on
intuition and implicit (procedural) knowl- edge [6].

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge space represents unconscious learning, application of

118.
past experiences (own and from others) to new situations,
spontaneous search for information and use of examples in order to
understand how to apply newly found information. The knowledge
space of an organization is often distributed over different systems
such as the Intranet, a common file server, etc. Here the structure
again is different: Organizational knowledge often does not have one
clear structure, but mirrors the internal cognitive map of each person
providing the knowledge.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge bases and decision trees A knowledge base is a set of

119.
expressions using a certain representation language (formalism);
popular representa tion languages are, for instance, (see [12]): (1)
production
 Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Standards play an important role both in e-Learning systems as well

120.
as in KM systems, and KM technologies can support the learners’
needs and individual learning processes. Benmahamed et al. [1]
show that the IMS Learning Design modeling language supports an
integration of learning and KM; they use the Knowledge Management
Mask methodology for knowledge capitalization to design e-Learning
activities.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge of the Problem Domain 36 calls e3-value™. This

121.
methodology is based on a generic value-oriented ontology
specifying what's in an e-business model. On the one hand it has the
goal of improving communication and decision making related to e-
business and on the other hand it aims at enhancing and sharpening
the understanding of e-business operations and requirements
through scenario analysis and quantification (cf. 3.1.5). e3-value
consists of a number of generic concepts and relationships illustrated
in Figure 19.

The_Business_Model_Ontology_a_propositio.pdf

This information can be gathered mainly from four sources: long-term

122.
preferences: The notion of relevance from previous interactions or
generally applicable knowledge about a user is used intention: The
specific user’s purpose of the interaction is included in per- sonalizing
the system situation: The present state and environment of a user is
used to decide whether specific preferences or rules are applicable
domain: Knowledge on the specific domain (often referred to as
expert knowledge) is used within an interaction Let us consider
typical instances of these kinds of personalization information.
Among long-term preferences typical re-occurring individual
preferences are col-

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge can be encoded in a very abstract and accessible

123.
manner in the production rules of the expert system. ! hese rules are
 written in symbolic language and can easIly be adapted. There is no
recompilation of the system software necessary to change the
production rules.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

3 Application of Knowledge Problem Patterns 3.1 Knowledge About

124.
Customers Improvement of customer satisfaction is among the top
prioritized business goals of organization O. Acknowledging that
knowledge about customers plays a key role in achieving higher
customer satisfaction, the organization follows a knowledge-oriented
approach to address this challenge. Figure 1 depicts the knowledge
process ” Knowledge about Customers” that was identified and con-
sidered to be important by organization O. In this knowledge process,
researchers ( Resear.) of organization O need to apply knowledge
about customers in their respective product development ( Product
Dev.) business process (see situation ’A’ in figure 1). They receive
that kind of knowledge through informal meet- ings (see situation ’B’)
with sales agents (see situation ’C’) that generate that knowledge
through customer interaction.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

125. 4 Using Open Space Technology as a Method to Share Domain

Knowledge Many studies report on the importance of requirements in
the software development process, and the importance of getting
requirements right in the early stages of development [13]. The
requirement specification is a negotiation process between user
needs, technical possibilities and cost, where stakeholders learn
about other stakeholder’s expectations for the new system to be
developed.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The Business Model Ontology - a proposition in a design science

126.
approach 23 3 KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROBLEM DOMAIN The two main
domains that serve as a foundation for this thesis are management
theory and Information Systems. More precisely, the first part of the
dissertation treating of the business model ontology (section 4) is
built on inputs from business model literature in management theory
and enterprise ontologies in IS. The part of the dissertation treating of
 business strategy, IS alignment and e-business essentially draws
from alignment theory in IS (section 8.1).

The_Business_Model_Ontology_a_propositio.pdf

127. Sources Bidding tool Knowledge base CRM tool Reference tool
Project Management Portal References Customer requirements and
value proposition Service offering costs Product and service offering
sheets Solution structure Information support Project plan, Templates
for delivery and business model Reports and risk escalation chart
Document generation E-Mail push Pull Push Pull Pull Proposal
Process Initiate proposal project and draft proposal components
Develop proposal components Prepare illustrations (demos,
prototypes, references) Analyze risks, produce reports Produce
proposal Verify proposal Get offer approval Draft proposal document
Customer request for proposal ( RFP)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Knowledge representation The PPC software applications are well

128.
structured. Therefore, frames and semantic nets are the most
appropriate representation formalisms. Nets represent objects and
relations among objects, thus modelling the structure of systems in a
natural way.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf