Formal vocabulary glossary

Nouns

Word Definition Example Translation Synonyms

Accoutrements The equipment needed for There was champagne, large seats, and good food— Echipament, Paraphernalia,
/əˈkuː.trə.mənts/ a particular activity or way of life accoutrements you'd expect in first class. accesorii equipment

The room had a fully stocked bar and all the accoutrements of a
first-class hotel.

Attainment The act of achieving something The attainment of a goal Realizare, Achievement,
/əˈteɪn.mənt/ Attainment targets dobandire accomplishment

Attrition gradually making Terrorist groups and the government have been engaged in Uzura Weakening
/əˈtrɪʃ.ən/ something weaker and destroying it, es a costly war of attrition since 2008.
pecially the strength or confidence of
an enemy by repeatedly attacking it

Bearing Someone's way She had a proud, distinguished bearing. Tinuta Posture, conduct,
/ˈbeə.rɪŋ/ of moving and behaving Alura demeanour (f)

Bidding A request or an order: At my grandmother’s bidding, i wore my best dress. Cerere, Request, demand
/ˈbɪd.ɪŋ/ porunca

Cessation ending or stopping Religious leaders have called for Incetare, Stop, cease
/sesˈeɪ.ʃən/ a total cessation of the bombing campaign. oprire

Chasm A very large difference between There is still Prapastie, abis Divergence
/ˈkæz.əm/ two opinions or groups of people a vast economic chasm between developed and developing count Divergenta Gap
ries.

Contingency Something that You must be able to deal with all possible contingencies. Eventualitate, Eventuality,
/kənˈtɪn.dʒə[Link]/ might possibly happen in the future, Have you made any contingency plans? evenimente, occurrence,
usually causing problems or incidente incidents
making further arrangements necessary neprevazute
This is a detailed contract which attempts to provide for all
possible contingencies.
Credence The belief that something is true I'm not prepared to give credence to anonymous complaints. Crezare, Trust, confidence,
/ˈkriː.dəns/ His bruises added/lent credence to his statement that he had credibilitate belief
been beaten.

Dearth An amount or supply that is A dearth of new homes in the region

/dɜːθ/ not large enough Deficit Paucity (f)
Lipsa Shortage
Scarcity
Lack of
Demeanour A way of looking and behaving There was nothing in his demeanour that suggested he Conduita, Behaviour,
/dɪˈmiː.nər/` was anxious. purtare conduct
She has the demeanour of a woman who is contented with
her life.

Encumbrance Something that makes it difficult for When you're walking 30 miles a day, the fewer encumbrances Impediment.
/ɪnˈkʌ[Link]əns/ you to do something the better. Obstacle
He has no patience for the irritations and encumbrances
of celebrity. Povara,
I felt that i was a nuisance, an incumbrance. obstacol

Evanescence The condition of lasting for only Perhaps this is a lesson in the evanescence of fame. Evanescenta, Impermanence,
/ˌiː.vəˈnes.əns/ a short time, The story is a meditation on the evanescence of all things. efemeritate transience
then disappearing quickly and caracter
being forgotten trecator,
disparitie,
vremelnicie,
Fatigue extreme tiredness She was suffering from fatigue. Extenuare, Exhaustion
/fəˈtiːɡ/ surmenare Tiredness
Fortitude courage over a long period I thought she showed remarkable fortitude during that period. Forta/tarie Resilience.
/ˈfɔː.tɪ.tʃuːd/ She has endured disappointments with fortitude and patience. morala Strength of mind,
Mettle
Impropriety behaviour that financial/legal impropriety Caracter Improper
/ˌɪ[Link]əˈpraɪ.ə.ti/ is dishonest, socially unacceptable, allegations of sexual impropriety impropriu, behaviour
or unsuitable for a particular situation She was scandalized at the impropriety of the question Lipsa de
decenta
Levity humour or lack of seriousness, especial A brief moment of levity amid the solemn proceedings Lejeritate, Frivolity,
/ˈlev.ə.ti/ frivolitate lightheartedness
 ly during a serious occasion

Loquacity The fact of talking a lot Despite his loquacity, he had a lot of secrets. Locvacitate, Volubility
/ləˈkwæs.ə.ti/ Volubilitate
Neophyte Someone who A four-day cooking classes are offered to neophytes and experts. Neofit, Beginner,
/ˈniː.ə.faɪt/ has recently become involved in Debutant, newcomer,
an activity and is still learning about it incepator newbie (i)

Nexus An important connection between Times square is the nexus of the new york subway. Punct de Connection
/ˈnek.səs/ the parts of a system or a group of legatura
things

Onus The responsibility or duty to do [ + to infinitive ] the onus is on the landlord to ensure that Responsabilita Responsibility,
/ˈəʊ.nəs/ something the property is habitable. te, raspundere duty,
We are trying to shift the onus for passenger safety onto datorie,
the government. sarcina,
indatorire
Perusal The action of reading through He sent a copy of the report to the governors for their perusal. Examinare Scrutiny
/pəˈruː.zəl/ something, especially to find the part y A brief perusal atenta Inspection
ou are interested in Examination

Predicament An unpleasant situation that She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of Necaz, Problem, issue,
/prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt/ is difficult to get out of her financial predicament. dificultate. Plight,
I'm in a bit of a predicament because Situatie problematic
i've accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the neplacuta/dific situation
same night. ila, problema

Prerequisite Something that Passing a written test is a prerequisite for taking Premisa, Precondition
/ˌpriːˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/ must exist or happen before the advanced course. cerinta
something else can exist or happen Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project.
They had to agree to certain conditions as a
prerequisite of being lent the money.

Prevarication The fact of avoiding telling the truth or All my attempts to question the authorities on Eschivare Avoidance
/prɪˌvær.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ saying exactly what you think the subject were met by prevarication.
It was his prevarication that caused him to lose the election.

Prowess great ability or skill athletic/sporting prowess Dibacie, Great skill,

/ˈpraʊ.es/ He's always boasting about his linguistic prowess. pricepere, mastery,
maiestrie adroitness
Rebuke The act of speaking angrily to someone He received a stern rebuke from the manager. Imputare, Reproof (f)
/rɪˈbjuːk/ because you disapprove of what they Her statement drew a sharp rebuke from the senator. acuzatie, Reprehension (f)
 have said or done, or the things that Rebuke is the appropriate punishment in this case. dojana
someone says to show disapproval like
this

Refutation The act of saying or proving that She published a refutation in the newspapers two days later. Dezmintire. Rebuttal (f)
/ˌ[Link]ˈteɪ.ʃən/ a person, statement, opinion, etc. Here is a simple refutation of that argument.
Is wrong or false

Remonstrance A complaint to someone or about He didn't attempt any further remonstrance. Protest Protest
/rɪˈmɒ[Link]əns/ something Leila paid no real attention to my remonstrances.

Repository A place where things are stored and A church in moscow became a repository for police files. [+ for] Deposit Archive,
/rɪˈpɒz.ɪ.tər.i/ can be found storehouse

A person who has, or She's a repository of knowledge about our family history.
a book that contains, a lot She is the repository of her family's history.
of information or detailed knowledge
Depozitar,
detinator
Reproof Something that you say or do to show She got a sharp reproof for being late. Mustrare,
/rɪˈpruːf/ that you disapprove of He picked up the broken vase without a word of reproof to observatie Rebuke (f)
someone's bad or silly behaviour his son. Reprehension (f
)
Admonition
(f)/admonishment
(f)
Retribution deserved and severe punishment They fled because they feared retribution for the genocide. Pedeaspsa,
Retaliation
/ˌret.rɪˈbjuː.ʃən/ She was asked whether represalii,
a civilian government should seek retribution against military off razbunare
icers involved in human rights abuses.
Many saw her death as divine retribution (= punishment by god) Reprisal
for her crimes. Revenge

Solicitude The quality of caring about other I’m touched by your solicitude. Solicitudine
Thoughtfulness
/səˈlɪs.ɪ.tʃuːd/ people's comfort, safety, and how She expressed solicitude for his health.
they feel Care
Concern
 Stricture A statement of severe criticism or disap The strictures of the united nations have failed to have Critica aspra Criticism
/ˈstrɪk.tʃər/ proval any effect on the warring factions.

religious/financial strictures
A severe moral or physical limit:
The taliban's strictures on women's rights and education Constrangere,
limitare Restraint,
limitation
Surfeit An amount that is too large, or is more Surplus glut
/ˈsɜː.fɪt/ than is needed The country has a surfeit of cheap labour. oversupply

Sustenance food During this freezing weather, the food put out by householders is
/ˈsʌs.tən.əns/ the only form of sustenance that the birds have. Hrana, Food
subzistenta

A stick of celery does not provide much sustenance.

The ability of food to provide people a
nd animals with what they need to
make them strong and healthy Hrana, nutritie Food, nutrition

When her husband died,

she drew sustenance from/she found sustenance in her religious
emotional or mental support beliefs.

Support

Sprijin
Sway control or influence: In the 1980s, the organization came under Influenta,
/sweɪ/ the sway of (= became strongly influenced by) christian fundam control
entalism.
Her parents no longer seem to have much sway over her.
The party could hold sway (= have an important influence) on
some crucial votes.

Tenet One of the principles on which It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an Principiu, Principle,
/ˈten.ɪt/ a belief or theory is based individual's mental health is supported by having doctrina doctrine
good social networks.
Teacher FELI