INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
ZAKURA CAMPUS
A Report on the SMPS Circuit
Submitted By :-
Mueen Mohi ud din Bhat(21160145011)
Bhat Mufasir Nazir (21160145031)
Towseef Ahmad (21160145035)
Mir Jubair (21160145005)
SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) :-
A Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an efficient power supply that
converts electrical power using high-frequency switching, regulating voltage
through inductors, capacitors, and transformers to provide a stable output.
Components used :-
Here is a list of components used in the provided SMPS schematic:
1. Fuse:
- F1 (1A fuse)
2. Diodes:
- D1, D2, D3, D4 (for bridge rectifier)
- D5, D8 (D8 is SR360 Schottky diode)
3. Capacitors:
- C1 (10µF / 400V)
- C2 (2.2nF / 250VAC)
- C3 (10µF / 16V)
- C4 (100µF / 16V)
- C5 (1000µF / 16V)
- C6 (470pF / 100V)
- C7 (100nF / 400V)
4. Resistors:
- R1, R2 (2MΩ)
- R3 (1kΩ)
- R4, R5 (22Ω)
- R7, R8 (4.7kΩ)
5. Integrated Circuits:
- U1 (TNY284DG - Switching Controller IC)
- U2 (PC817 - Optocoupler)
- U3 (TL431-1 - Shunt Regulator)
6. Inductors and Transformers:
- T1 (Mutual Inductor Transformer)
- L1 (3.3µH)
Working of SMPS:-
1. Input Section:
- The circuit takes AC input and is protected by a fuse labelled F1.
- Four diodes (D1 to D4) are arranged in a bridge configuration to rectify the
AC input to DC.
2. Smoothing and Filtering:
- The rectified DC is smoothed by capacitors (C1, C2), which help reduce
ripple voltage and provide a stable DC output for further processing.
3. Switching Regulator (TNY284DG - U1):
- The main controller, TNY284DG (U1), is a high-frequency switching
regulator. It controls the switching operation, adjusting the duty cycle to
maintain a constant output voltage despite input fluctuations or load changes.
- It has several pins with specific purposes:
- EN/UV1: Enables the chip and provides under-voltage lockout.
- S and D pins: Connected to the primary side of the transformer to perform
switching.
4. Optocoupler Feedback (PC817 - U2):
- The optocoupler (U2, PC817) provides isolation between the primary and
secondary sides. It ensures that the feedback circuit on the secondary side
communicates the output voltage back to the primary side without a direct
electrical connection.
- Resistors R3 and R4 work with the optocoupler to set the feedback
parameters.
5. Transformer (T1):
- A mutual inductor (T1) steps down the high-frequency AC voltage from the
primary side to a suitable level on the secondary side.
6. Output Filtering and Rectification:
- The secondary winding output is rectified by D8 (Schottky diode SR360)
and filtered by capacitors C4 and C5 to produce a smooth DC output.
- An inductor L1 and capacitor C6 form a low-pass filter to further reduce any
high-frequency noise.
7. Voltage Regulation (TL431-1 - U3):
- U3 (TL431-1) is a programmable shunt regulator that provides precise
voltage regulation. It ensures that the output remains stable and within the
desired range.
8. Output:
- The final output (VOUT) is a regulated 5V DC with GND as the ground
reference.
“This SMPS circuit ensures efficient power conversion with high-frequency
switching, enabling a stable 5V DC output suitable for various electronic
devices”.
Arduino:-
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software. It consists of programmable microcontroller boards that can read
inputs and control outputs, enabling users to create interactive projects. Arduino
boards are popular in DIY electronics, robotics, and IoT applications due to
their versatility and accessibility.
Components used :-
1. Microcontroller:
- ATmega328P (U3)
2. USB Interface:
- FT232RL (U18)
3. Oscillator:
- 16 MHz Crystal Oscillator (U16)
- Capacitors (C1, C2) - 22pF
4. Power Supply and Regulation:
- MC33269 (U5) - 3.3V Voltage Regulator
- Fuse (F1)
- Diode (D20) - M7 SMD Diode
- Various Capacitors (C6, C17, C21) - 100nF, 1uF, and 47uF for filtering
5. Resistors:
- R1, R4, R19, R20 - 1kΩ
- R22 - 10kΩ
- R2 - 100kΩ
6. LEDs:
- LED1, LED2, LED3 - 0603 Red LEDs for power and TX/RX indicators
7. Wireless Module:
- nRF24L01 Module (U2)
8. Headers and Connectors:
- Header J2 - Female header for pin connections
- H1 - Header for digital and analog I/O pins
- P1, P2 - 8-pin headers
- USB connector (USB1)
9. Switch:
- S1 - Reset Button (KEY2)
Working :-
1. Microcontroller (ATmega328P - U3):
- The ATmega328P microcontroller is the core of the circuit, handling input
and output (I/O) operations based on programmed instructions. It has various
digital (D0–D13) and analog (A0–A5) I/O pins for connecting sensors,
actuators, and other peripherals.
- It operates with a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (U16) to maintain timing for
processing.
2. Power Supply:
- The circuit accepts 5V and 3.3V power inputs. Voltage regulation is
provided by components such as MC33269 (U5) for stable 3.3V output, and
fuse (F1) for overcurrent protection.
- Capacitors (C1, C2, etc.) filter out noise and stabilise the power.
3. USB Interface (FT232RL - U18):
- The FT232RL USB-to-serial converter allows the board to communicate
with a computer via USB, enabling programming and serial communication.
- LED indicators (LED1, LED2) show data transmission (TX/RX) status over
USB.
4. Communication Module (nRF24 Module - U2):
- This board includes a 2.4 GHz nRF24L01 module (U2), which allows
wireless communication for data exchange between multiple Arduino boards or
other wireless-enabled devices.
5. Reset Circuit:
- A reset button (S1) and associated circuitry reset the ATmega328P to restart
its program.
Summary:-
When connected in hardware, the Arduino-based microcontroller circuit
(ATmega328P) interfaces with the Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) 5V
circuit to provide reliable power and control capabilities. The SMPS converts
AC to stable 5V DC output, powering the Arduino circuit. The ATmega328P on
the Arduino board handles data processing, input/output operations, and
wireless communication via the nRF24L01 module. The FT232RL USB
interface allows for programming and data transfer, while LED indicators show
status. Together, these circuits create a self-sustained system, ideal for powering
and controlling IoT devices or sensor-based projects with wireless data
transmission capabilities.
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