PO9 (INDIVIDUAL & TEAMWORK)

CODE/COURSE : DENT2543 / COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

SESSION/SEMESTER : SEMESTER 2 - 2022/2023
TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT : REMOTE SWITCH USING RF MODULE
ASSIGNMENT GROUP NO. : G4 DATE : 29 JUNE 2023

NO. STUDENT NAME MATRIX NO.

S1 ZICKREY BIN MOHAMAD FAZHIL D022110125
S2 WEE SHI SHUANG D022110122
S3 ANDIKA ADRI BIN ABD HAMID D022110137
S4 KHAIRUL ROZIKIEN BIN ALI YASAK D022110087

MARKS
CRITERIA 1- NOVICE 2 - APPRENTICE 3 - PROFICIENT 4 - EXEMPLARY
S1 S2 S3 S4

Active discussion occurs All group members

1. Communication Interaction hardly occurs All group members
among the same 2 or 3 participate actively in
& Participation between group members. participate actively.
group members. harmonious way.

Understand their own roles,

Rarely understand their own Understand their own roles Understand their own roles able to perform the roles
2. Members Role roles and unable to perform and but unable to perform and able to perform the appropriately, and
the roles appropriately. the roles appropriately. roles appropriately. complementing roles of
others effectively.
Always very diplomatic,
Rarely listens to, shares Often listens to, shares with, Always listens to, shares
listens to, shares with, and
with, or supports the efforts and supports the efforts of with, and supports the
3. Interaction supports the efforts of
of others. Often is others, but sometimes is not efforts of others, and a good
others; effective and
not a good team player. a good team member. team member.
dynamic as a team member.
Rarely participates in the Sometimes participates in Routinely participates in the
Participates in all decision
4. Decision decision making and does the decision making but decision making and
making and understands the
Making not understand well on the does not understand very understands the decision
decision process.
decision process. well the decision process. process.

TOTAL MARKS

DEN - Revised: October 2020

 UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUTERAAN

KOMPUTER (FKEKK)

DENT2543
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

REMOTE SWITCH USING RF MODULE

GROUP 4
No. Name Matrix No.
1. Zickrey Bin Mohamad Fazhil D022110125
2. Wee Shi Shuang D022110122
3. Andika Adri Bin Abd. Hamid D022110137
4. Khairul Rozikien Bin Ali Yasak D022110087

SEM 2 – 2022/2023
INTRODUCTION
In an era where everything is fast-paced and many things are happening
all at once, communication plays an important role in everyone life in making
sure everyone is up to date with the latest information available. With the quick
advancement of technology, there are many communication technologies that
are available to everyone in the world, depending on their needs. There are
three transmission modes for communication devices. First and foremost is the
simplex transmission mode. Simplex transmission mode only allows for data to
move in one direction only (Mandal, 2023). An example for simplex transmission
is keyboard and computer where the transmitter or input comes from the
keyboard and the receiver or output is the computer where it will display things
that are typed and sent from the keyboard. Next, the second transmission mode
is half-duplex. Half-duplex transmission mode allows for a two-way
communication from one party to another party but only with one channel,
which means that the parties that are communicating with each other need to
take turns in transmitting and receiving data from each other (GeeksforGeeks,
2023). An example for half-duplex transmission mode is walkie-talkie. Finally, the
third transmission mode is full-duplex. Full-duplex transmission is like half-
duplex transmission mode, but instead of taking turns, the parties can transmit
and receive data simultaneously since it has more than one channel (Loshin,
2021). An example for full-duplex transmission mode communication is
telephone.

In this assignment, the group will explore a communication system which

utilized simplex transmission mode. The communication system is called Remote
Switch using Radio Frequency (RF) Module. The system consists of a transmitter
and a receiver. A digital data in pulses is transmitted as the message signal while
a sine wave as the carrier signal and amplitude-shift key (ASK) as the modulated
signal. The modulated data is then sent out from the transmitter and accepted
by the receiver to be demodulated.

OBJECTIVE
• To learn more about how RF module communicate with transmitter and
receiver.
• To be able to utilize the use of RF module in daily life.
• To create a remote switch using RF module.

METHODOLOGY

Figure 1: Project Block Diagram

Based on Figure 1, the methodology used in completing this assignment

which is to demonstrate a simple communication between transmitter and
receiver are of course planning for the task. The planning includes the discussion
of what to use for the communication system and how it can be implemented to
demonstrate the communication. When deciding what communication system
to be used, multiple types of communication system were discussed. Among
them were a Walkie-Talkie or a Half-Duplex system, which during the research,
the system turned out to be complicated to be implemented as it required
developing a specialised circuit which will function as the Walkie-Talkie.
Moreover, the circuit will very likely require a very complicated and tedious
troubleshooting and because of that, it was decided to dismiss the option for
demonstrating a Walkie-Talkie. Instead, it was decided that a Radio Frequency
(RF) communication system will be used as a Remote Switch to demonstrate the
communication. As to the reason that this system was chosen was because the
circuits required to implement the communication system were simple and will
demonstrate the communication very well and avoid the difficulty of
troubleshooting the circuit.

After the communication system has been decided, the next step to
implement the system was to research on how the circuit is connected and can
be implemented. During the research, it was discovered that a module already
exists that implements a Radio Frequency (RF) communication which was what
made the circuit very simple demonstrate. The RF module already includes a
transmitter and receiver module which meant that the circuit would require a
signal to be transmitted and decoded into an output. As the system used was to
be a Remote Switch the transmitter circuit will use a button the send a HIGH
signal trough the transmitter and the receiver will include a decoder circuit to
decode the signal received into an output, where the outputs for the system will
be using 3 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In addition, the decoder circuit will use
a microcontroller specifically an Arduino microcontroller to act as the brain of
the decoder circuit. The reason that a microcontroller was chosen was because
that it will help reduce the complexity requiring to design a complete decoder
circuit and instead a program can be used to easily implement the logic for the
decoder circuit. After the circuit has been successfully tested, the RF module
signal will be analysed to see how it transmits and receives signal.

RESULTS
Coding

Figure 2: Transmitter Flowchart

Figure 3: Receiver Flowchart
Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3: Program for the Arduino Nano to transmit and receive signal.
Image 1: Circuit diagram of the system

Image 2: The system in physical form

Figure 5: Block diagram of how the system work.

An Arduino microcontroller was used to ‘decode’ the signal received from

the RF Receiver. This is because a microcontroller provide simplicity to ‘translate’
the signal into a functionality such as to control or act as a remote switch as the
assignment requires to only demonstrate a simple communication transmitter
and receiver, which by implementing an Arduino it avoids the complexity of
designing a decoder circuit to control the Light Emitting Diode (LEDs) which will
act as the outputs for the signal transmitted and will demonstrate the
communication easily. Based on Figure 3 and Figure 4, the Arduino program
basically receives the signal of HIGH from the receiver when the button from the
transmitter circuit is pressed and waits for a period of 5 seconds to determine
whether the output that will be turned HIGH or LOW based on the number of
times that the button is pressed. If within the 5 seconds, the button is pressed
once, LED 1 will turn ON and stay turned ON until the button is pressed 1 time
another time. Meanwhile, if the button is pressed twice within the 5 seconds,
LED 2 will turn ON until the button is pressed another 2 times which will turn of
LED 2 OFF. The same outcome will happen when the button is pressed 3 times
to LED 3, where it will turn ON until the button is pressed for another 3 times.
After that, the program will repeat indefinitely until the circuit is turned OFF.
 The time of button First LED Second LED Third LED
push
0 OFF OFF OFF
1 ON OFF OFF
2 ON ON OFF
3 ON ON ON
The time of button First LED Second LED Third LED
pushed again
0 ON ON ON
1 OFF ON ON
2 OFF OFF ON
3 OFF OFF OFF
Table 1: Times of button pushed and the condition of the LEDs

DISCUSSION
In this assignment, the communication device that was used is RF module
where a RF module, also known as a radio frequency module, is a device that
allows wireless communication between electronic systems using radio
frequency signals. It consists of a transmitter and a receiver, both equipped with
antennas, to transmit and receive data wirelessly over radio waves. RF modules
are commonly used in various applications, including remote control systems,
wireless data transmission, telemetry systems, wireless sensor networks, and
Internet of Things (IoT) devices. They provide a convenient way to establish
communication between devices without the need for physical wires or cables.
Transmitter is responsible for converting the input data into radio frequency
signals suitable for wireless transmission where it modulates the data onto a
carrier frequency and amplifies the signal for transmission. While receiver of the
module receives the radio frequency signals from the air and demodulates them
to extract the original data. It also amplifies and processes the received signals
to make them usable for further processing. RF modules equipped with antennas
to help transmit and receive radio signals. The transmitter antenna radiates the
modulated signals into the air, while the receiver antenna captures the incoming
signals. From here, the RF module that was used to make a remote switch is
433MHz RF module, where a single button, 3 Led and a microcontroller which is
Arduino nano is used to make this remote switch circuit. For starter, when the
button is pressed for one time, the transmitter will send a signal to the receiver
that the button has been pressed for one time and the Arduino Nano will then
activate the first Led. The same thing happens when the button is pressed for
second times, the second Led will turn on while the first Led will remained on.
Onto the third Led, the third Led will turn on if the button is being pressed for
three times. To turn off the Led, the button needed to be pressed again for the
Led to be off. The specific type of Led needed to be turn off or on depend on the
number of times the button being pressed such as single pressed will turn off
and on the first Led.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the development and implementation of a remote switch
using an RF module have been successfully achieved. The project aimed to
provide a wireless and convenient solution for controlling electrical devices from
a distance, offering increased flexibility and convenience in various applications.
Throughout the project, extensive research was conducted to understand the
principles and functionality of RF communication and its integration with a
switch system. The RF module, acting as a transmitter and receiver, effectively
facilitated the wireless transmission of signals between the remote control and
the switch unit.
The design and construction phase involved consideration of hardware
components, such as the RF module, microcontroller which is Arduino Nano, and
LED. The software programming entailed configuring the Arduino Nano to
interpret signals received from the button and subsequently trigger the LED to
turn on or off.
 The remote control offers numerous advantages, including enhanced
convenience, energy conservation, and improved accessibility for individuals
with mobility limitations. Its applications span across various fields, such as
home automation, industrial control systems, and smart infrastructure.
As with any project, there are potential areas for improvement. Further
enhancements could include integrating additional features like scheduling,
voice control, or mobile application compatibility. Moreover, the system's
security aspects, such as encryption protocols, could be strengthened to ensure
secure communication between the remote control and the switch unit.
Overall, the development of a remote switch using an RF module has proven to
be a successful endeavor, providing a reliable and efficient wireless solution for
controlling electrical devices from a distance. This project opens up possibilities
for future advancements in remote control technology and contributes to the
ever-expanding field of home automation and wireless communication.

REFERENCES
GeeksforGeeks. (2023). Transmission Modes in Computer Networks Simplex Half Duplex

and Full Duplex. GeeksforGeeks. [Link]

modes-computer-networks/

Loshin, P. (2021). full-duplex. Networking.

[Link]

Mandal, P. (2023). Transmission Modes. EDUCBA. [Link]

modes/

Last Minute Engineers. (2023, May 10). How 433MHz RF Tx-Rx Modules Work & Interface

with Arduino. Last Minute Engineers. [Link]

wireless-arduino-tutorial/

Presentation Video
[Link]
APPENDICES

Image 3.1: Programming the circuit Image 3.2: Running and troubleshooting the
circuit

Image 4: The completed circuit system