CONTENT

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER

CHAPTER 2. WINDOWS OS

CHAPTER 3: COMPUTER NETWORK AND INTERNET

CHAPTER 4. USING MICROSOFT WORD

CHAPTER 5. USING MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

CHAPTER 6. USING MICROSOFT EXCEL

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 CHAPTER 1: INFORMATION AND INFORMATION
REPRESENTATION

1.1. Information
1.2. Information representation in the E-commerce
1.3. Information technology
1.4. Classification of electronic computers and
development history

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 INFORMATION

1.1.1 Concept of information

1.1.2. Information measuring unit
1.1.3. Information processing

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 INFORMATION CONCEPT
• Information: This is an concept that exists in many different
forms (electrical signal, light...) that gives a subjective perception
to an object receiving information. Information is data that has
been processed, which has a clear meaning to the receiving entity.

Ex:
Satellite image: Data
Weather forecast bulletin: Information
If words is data, then books, newspapers, notices, circulars
are information.
Digital Information: Information created by using digital
signals

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 INFORMATION CONCEPT
• Data: are events or things observed in reality and have not been
modified or modified for any other purpose.
• Information stored in a computer is called data

 Ex:
Physical signals: electrical signals, light signals.
Data: statistical table on warehouse, personnel.
Symbols: letters and other symbols.

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 INFORMATION CONCEPT

• Communication: is a concept of exchanging information between

computers.
• Ex: PC A and B exchange information with each other.

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 INFORMATION CONCEPT
• Information system:A system capable of performing a process of capturing
data, processing it, and providing new, meaningful data. Information systems
are commonly used to support activities related to an organization

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 INFORMATION MEASUREMENT UNIT
• Bit: Binary Digit. Bit only get 2 values: 0 and 1
• Byte: is the unit for measuring data (8bit = 1byte)
1Byte = 8 BIT

 1KB (Kilobyte) = 210 Bytes = 1024 Bytes

 1MB (Megabyte)= 210KB = 1024 KB
 1GB (Gigabyte) = 210MB = 1024 MB
 1TB (Terabyte) = 210GB = 1024 GB
 1PB (Pentabyte) = 210PB =1024TB

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 INFORMATION PROCESSING PROCESS
• All information processing by a computer or by a certain system is
done according to one of the following procedures:
Receive Information Export
information processing Information

Information
Storage

• • •Information
Receive
Outputinformation:
storage:
processing:
information: Get information
Remembers
Transform,
Bring frominformation
necessary
analyze,
the processed the outside
world
back into
to thethe
information
synthesize,... computer
for
the laterworld.
processing.
original
outside information through instructions
of software programs.
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 Information representation in the E-commerce

1.2.1 Counting System

1.2.2 Classification of the numbering system
1.2.3 Converting Number Systems

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 COUNTING & CLASSIFICATION
COUNTING SYSTEM
• Definition: A numbering system is a set of symbols and rules for
representing and determining the value of numbers. Each number
system has a finite number of digits to represent. The number of
digits of each number system is called the base .
 Numbering system with decimal base (base 10): includes 0-9
 Binary numbering system (base 2): includes 0 and 1
 Octal numbering factor (base 8): includes 0-7
 Hexadecimal base numbering system (base 16): includes 0-9,
10=A, 11=B, 12=C, 13=D, 14=E, 15=F (base 16 Hexa)
 Any number system with base b: has b symbol

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 Binary System
• Binary System: Use 2 symbols 0 and 1 to represent, count and
calculate. Correspondingly 0 and 1 are two voltage states: 0
(open) and 1 (closed).
 Ex: 1010, 101.11, 1111,...
 10012 or 1001B
 The value of a binary digit equals that digit multiplied by the
corresponding weight.
 10010011=1x27 + 1x24 + 1x21 + 1x20

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 CONVERT FROM DECIMAL SYSTEM TO
BINARY SYSTEM

• D = number to transfer
• Divide D (integer) by 2 until division = 0
• Take the remainders of the divisions and
write them in reverse order

Ex: 1110 = 10112

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 CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTATION

• Binary Coded Decimal (BCD): Uses 6 bits to represent 1

character.

• Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC):

Using 8 bits equivalent to 1 byte to represent 1 character.

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 Data representation in Computer
Biểu diễn ký tự
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
ASCII 7 bit (ASCII standard), encode 128 consecutive characters as:
Decimal Characters
0 NUL
1 ÷ 31 31 control character
32 ÷ 47 SP (space) ! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * + , - . /
48 ÷ 57 Digits from 0 to 9
58 ÷ 64 The symbol: ; < = > ? @
65 ÷ 90 Capital letters A to Z
91 ÷ 96 The symbol [ \ ] _ `
97 ÷ 122 Lowercase letters a to z
123 ÷ 127 The symbol{ | } ~ DEL
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 BIỂU DIỄN KÝ TỰ (tt)

• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information

Interchange)
• ASCII 8 bit (ASCII expand): There are 128 additional characters
in addition to the characters mentioned above including accented
letters, drawings, single and double frame lines and some special
symbols.

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 BIỂU DIỄN KÝ TỰ (tt)
• Unicode
• Problem with font ASCII:
• If the original text font is not available, it is “impossible” to
read the document !!!
• Too many font sets, yet not enough for coding. Ex: character
“Ấ” not in font .VnTime we must use.VnTimeH.
• How about The fonts of Chinese, Russian, Thailand?

Solution: The whole world, using a common font code

Unicode.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER AND
HISTORY DEVELOPMENT

1.4.1 Concepts of computers

1.4.2 History of computer development
1.4.3 Classification of Computers

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 COMPUTER CONCEPTS

• Computer: A computer is an
electronic device used to store and
process information quickly and
automatically, through program
instructions.

 Computer System: A combination

of hardware and software that
makes a computer work and
handle it

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMEN
Due to the increasing demand for human computation: the use of
Chinese abacus, Blaise Pascal's mechanical adder

• 1937, Turing, the concept of computational numbers and Turing

machines.
• 1945, John Von Neumann introduced the concept of stored
program.

Electronic computers really started in the 50's and now have

passed through 5 generations, they have evolved according to
the technology of making basic computer components.

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT
• First generation: 1950 – 1958
• Vacuum tube (vacuum tube)
• Data in punched cover sheet
• Manual control, large size

ENIAC: is the first electronic

computer, weighs 30 tons, 18,000
light bulbs, 1,500 works, consumes
140KW/hour, 5,000
calculations/second. ENIAC

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT

• Generation 2: 1958-1964
• Transistor
• Install translation programs such as Cobol, Fortran and simple
operating system
• The size is still big
• 10,000-100,000 calculations/second

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT

• Generation 3: 1965-1974
• Mounting microprocessors with Integrated Circuit (IC)
• 100,000 - 1 million calculations/second
• Multi-program operating system

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT

• Generation 4: 1975 – 1990s

• Multiprocessor integrated circuits: LSI (Large Scale Integration),
VLSI (Very LSI), ULSI (Ultra LSI)
• Tens of millions – billions of calculations/second
• Forming all kinds of computers: PC, Laptop, PDA (personal
digital assistant), ... and professional computers, performing
multi-programming, multi-processing.
• The Network system was also developed during this period

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT

• Generation 5: 1990 – present

• Computers that simulate brain activities and human behavior,
have artificial intelligence with the ability to self-deductively
develop received situations, and basic knowledge management
systems to solve multi-problem.

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 DEFINITION
Hardware is the physical devices involved in the creation, use,
manipulation, and storage of data.

 Central Processing Unit

Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Register
Memory: Includes internal and external memory

Input

Output

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 COMPUTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
CPU

CU ALU

Các thanh ghi

Input Devices Output Devices

Memory
Internal memory
RAM+ROM

External memory
Auxiliary Storage

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 INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE

(Input) (Processing) (Output)

(Storage)

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 Central Processing Unit
CPU (Central Processing Unit), has the function to govern all
operations of the computer according to instructions (commands)
and perform basic calculations. It is integrated on a semiconductor
device called a Microprocessor. The CPU has 3 main parts: the
Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and some registers

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 CÁC LOẠI CPU THÔNG DỤNG
Vi xử lý:

•Core i3
•Core i5
•Core i7
•Core i9
•Core M
•Atom Z
•Pentium
•Celeron
•AMD Ryzen 3, 5, 7
•…….. LOẠI SOCKET
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 Memory

• Memory is a device that stores data and programs for

processing. Memory includes:
• Internal memory

• External Memory

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 Internal Memory

 Internal memory is a place to temporarily store programs

and data during computer operations and calculations.

Internal memory inclue: RAM+ROM and CMOS

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 TYPES OF INTERNAL MEMORY
RAM (Random Access Memory): is random access memory, used to
temporarily store programs and data during manipulation and
computation.
• Can write/read
• Power failure means loss of information

ROM (Read Only Memory) Read-only user not writable. Its data
is the system programs, the program that controls the import and
export of the ROM BIOS base. This information is written to
ROM by the manufacturer and cannot be changed.
Power failure still information
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 TYPES OF INTERNAL MEMORY
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor:
- Installed on the main board of the computer as a semiconductor
device. It works during startup. CMOS is powered by battery power
and it is always powered even when the power goes out. CMOS is
changed when adding or removing hardware devices

- To change the contents of CMOS when booting, press the DEL or

F2 key…. depending on the type of computer. You can change
options in CMOS and save the change.
- The internal memory is small, so when it is used up, it will take a
part of the external memory space to use called virtual memory
(Virtual Memory) - Slow speed should increase performance, we
increase RAM
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 TYPES OF INTERNAL MEMORY

CMOS is mounted on the CMOS Setup:

main board under the change options
semiconductor
components
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 External Memory
• An information storage device with a large capacity, information
stored on external memory is not lost when there is no power. It
stores and moves external memory independent of the computer
 Includes hard disk, floppy disk, USB, magnetic tape...
 Characteristics:
Slow speed of data exchange with CPU
Large memory capacity

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 HARD DISK
 Hard disk has a large capacity, fast information retrieval speed,
difficult to damage

• In a sealed box, there are many disk

floors and many magnetic heads. The
hard disk is fastened inside the
computer
• 1980: 10 … 20 MB
• 1990: 40 MB
• 1995: 200 MB
• 1996: 1 GB
• 1997: from 2 to 4 GB
• Present: Several TB
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 BỘ NHỚ NGOÀI

Internal Hard Disk Drive External Hard Disk Drive

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 BỘ NHỚ NGOÀI

Compact Flash Card

Floppy Disk

Flash Drive USB

CD-ROM
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 HOW TO LOCATE MEMORY ON A Floppy
disk
Track 0

Track 39
sector
512 byte

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 Input Devides

As devices that bring information from the outside into the

computer for processing, the most common input devices are the
keyboard and mouse.
 Keyboard: put information into the computer under the characters
and symbols on the keyboard, the standard keyboard has 101 keys
 Group of typing keys

 Dedicated key group

 Nhóm phím chức năng
 Control key group
At the same time, the key has
combination keys to perform a certain
function KeyBoard
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 Input Devides

• Mouse: A device that enters data through intuitive

movement
• Buttons: Left button, right button, middle scroll button

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 Input Divides

 Optical mouse: locate the

mouse pointer through the
mechanism of light reflection Mouse

 Mouse with wireless

(Wireless), wired (wired)
technology

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 Output Devices
• Monitor: Information/DL display device, this information can be
input data, data during processing or post-processing process.

Display type:
Electronic launcher MONITOR CRT MONITOR LCD

(CRT) monitor,
LCD liquid crystal
display

The display adapter is the device that connects the display and
the system.

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 Output Devices
Printer: A device used to output information to paper. The most
popular printers today are 24-pin dot matrix printers, inkjet printers,
and black and white or color laser printers.
 Dot matrix printers: Use needles to dab
through an ink ribbon to reveal ink onto the
page to be printed. Properties of this type of
printer: slow printing, very low print
resolution, cannot print pictures, very noisy
when printing because the needle hits the
ink ribbon. The speed of the dot matrix Dot matrix
printer is cps (Characters Per Second) printers

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 Output Devices

Laser printer: Working on the principle of using a

laser to project onto a magnetic drum, the magnetic
drum rotates through the ink tube (with magnetic
properties) so that the ink is absorbed into the
drum, the paper moves through the drum and the
ink is adhered to the paper. The final stage is to dry
Laser printers
the ink so that the ink adheres to the paper before
going out. Laser printers can print in monochrome
(black and white) or in color. The unit for
measuring the speed of a laser printer is ppm.

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 Other Devices
Devices that do not exist in the computer can still be used by the
computer to work. Without those devices, it cannot use that function.

 Scanner (Scaner): is a device used to input text, drawings, photos,

word codes, and barcodes into a computer. Those primitive
information data are scanned into digital signals and put into the
machine for storage and processing. There are many types of
scanners such as:

Photo scanner: scan images, movies

of photos..
Scaner
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 Other Devides

Barcode scanner: scan barcode

to read the price of goods,
library read student card number

Magnetic scanner: Read magnetic card, applied in smart

door system, employee timekeeping system ....

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 Other devides
 Projector: Chức năng tương tự màn hình, thường được sử dụng
thay cho màn hình trong các buổi Seminar, báo cáo, thuyết trình

 Plotter: Used to draw the results of

special applications, such as: maps,
charts, architectural drawings,
computer-aided design (CAD)
drawings.
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 Other Devices
 Network Interface Card (NIC): Used to connect a computer to a
computer network. There are two types of Network Cards:
Integrated on the main board and a discrete card that plugs into
the expansion slot on the main board

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 COMPUTER CONFIGURATION

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