UNIT – I

(RATIO & PROPORTION)

PART A [2 Marks]

1. Define Ratio.
2. Given 2𝑥 + 9𝑦: 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 3: 4. Find the ratio of 𝑥 to 𝑦.
3. If 𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑 = 2.5: 1.5, what are the values of 𝑎𝑑: 𝑏𝑐 and 𝑎 + 𝑐: 𝑏 + 𝑑
4. Define Proportion.
5. If 𝑥 varis as 𝑦 and 𝑥 = 8 when 𝑦 = 15 find 𝑥 when𝑦 = 10.
6
(𝑎+𝑏)2/3 (𝑎−𝑏)3/2
6. Simplify[ ] .
√(𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)3
7. Show that 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 125 = 3 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔10 2
8. If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are 3 consecutive integers prove that 𝑙𝑜𝑔(1 + 𝑎𝑐) = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏.
9. Find the number digis in 225 × 715
71.62××41.23
10. Evaluate .
18.96×1.72
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 1
11. If 𝑦+𝑧 = 𝑧+𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑦, then prove that if 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ≠ 0 then each ratio= 2.

PART B [5 Marks]

12. The ratio of the prices of two houses was16: 23. Two Years later when their pris of
the first has risen by 10% and that of the second by𝑅𝑠. 477, the ratio of their prices
become 11: 20. find the original prices of the two houses.
3𝑥 2 +5𝑦 2 +4𝑧 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2
13. Given x: y: z = a: b: c show that 3𝑎2 +5𝑏2 +4𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
𝑎 𝑏
14. If 𝑎 + 𝑏: √𝑎𝑏 = 4: 1 prove that √𝑏 + √𝑎 = 4 and hence find the value of𝑎: 𝑏.

15. If 𝑚 = 𝑎 𝑥 , 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑦 and 𝑚𝑦 𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑎2(𝑥+𝑦) .

7
𝑥−1 𝑦2 2/3
( 2 −4 ) 𝑥 −7/2 𝑦 1/3
𝑥 𝑦
16. Simplify [ −5 ] ( 5/2 . 10/3 )
𝑥3 𝑦−5 𝑥 𝑦
( −2 3 )
𝑥 𝑦

17. If the square of ′x′ varies as the cube of y and x = 3 when y = 4, find the value of y
1
when x =
√3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑧
18. If = = , show that 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 1.
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
21
19. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔16 𝑥 = . find x.
4
20. Show that if 𝑥 + 𝑦 ∝ 𝑥 − 𝑦 then 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ∝ 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 .
71.62×41.23
21. Evaluate 18.96×1.72

PART C [10 marks]

22. A trader mixes two kinds of tea in the ratio 2: 1 and makes a profit of 25% by selling
the mixture at 𝑅𝑠. 70 per Kg. He makes profit of the same rate on mixing them in the
 ratio 3: 2 and selling the mixture at 𝑅𝑠. 72 per Kg. Find the prices at which he bought
them.
23. The value of diamond varies as the square of its weight. A diamond is broken into 5
pieces, the weights of which are in the ratio1: 2: 3: 4: 5. If the resulting loss be
𝑅𝑠. 85,000 find the value of the original diamond also calculated the value of a
diamond whose weight is twice that of the original diamond.
24. The monthly cost of running a boarding house is partly constant and partly
proportional to the number of members. When there are 40 members, the expenses are
just met and when there are 60 members, there is a profit of Rs.500 per month. Find
the minimum number of members if the profit is to be not less than Rs. 1000 per
month. Assume that every member pays the same charge
25. If 𝑥1/3 + 𝑦1/3 + 𝑧1/3 = 0 show that(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)8 = 27𝑥𝑦𝑧.
1
6.73×(0.3223)2
26. Find the value of 16−(2.56)2
2 2
27. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 7𝑎𝑏 show that
(i) 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏
(ii) 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏

UNIT – II
[INTEREST AND ANNUITY]

PART A [2 MARKS]

1. Define Banker’s Discount.

2. Find the cash value of the bill of Rs.1500 at 3 months discounted at 4%.
3. What is simple interest?
4. What is compound interest?
5. Find the simple interest on Rs. 5000 at 10% for 3 years.
6. What is the formula for compound interest?
7. What is Arithmetic Progression?
8. Find the 17th term of AP 4, 9, 14, ...
9. Which term of AP 27, 24, 21, is 0?
10. Define Geometric Progression.
4 8
11. Find the sum to n terms of the series 3, 2, 3 , 9 , …
12. Define Harmonic Progression.
13. Explain annuity.
14. What is a sinking fund?
15. What is Perpetuity?
 PART B [5 MARKS]

16. Find the rate of interest on the bill of Rs.3887.50 due after 11 months whose true
present worth is Rs. 3750.
17. The difference between true and Banker’s discounts on a bill due after six
months at 4% interest per annum is Rs. 20. Find

(i) The true discount

(ii) The banker’s discount
(iii) The face value of the bill.
18. A sum of money amounts to Rs. 20,800 in 5 years and Rs. 22,720 in 7 years.
Find the principal and the rate of simple interest.
19. A borrowed a sum of Rs. 3150 from B and agreed to repay the sum in ten
monthly instalments of Rs. 315 each and the interest at the rate of 10% per
annum in the 11th instalment. Calculate the simple interest A paid to B.
20. Find the compound interest on a sum of Rs. 6280 for one year and seven months
at the rate of 8% per annum reckoned yearly.
21. The population of a country increases every year by 2.4% of the population at the
beginning of the year. In what tome will the population double itself? Answer to
the nearest year.
22. A loan is repaid in 4 annual instalments of Rs. 200 each. If the rate of interest is
10% p.a. find the amount of the loan.
23. Find the three numbers in AP whose sum is 12 and the sum of whose cubes is
408.
24. Divide 20 into 4 parts which are in AP such that the product of tthe first and
fourth is to the product of the second and third in the ratio 2:3.
25. A person is entitled to receive an annual payment which for each year is less by
one-tenth of what it was for the previous year. If the first payment is Rs 100
show that he cannot receive more than Rs 1000 however long he may live.
26. A man borrows Rs 5115 to be paid in 10 monthly instalments. If each instalment
is double the value of the last, find the value of the first and last instalments.

PART C [10 MARKS]

27. A bill of Rs. 3225 was drawn on 3rd February 1965 at 6 months’ due date and
discounted on 13th March 1965 at the rate of 8% per annum. For what sum was
the bill discounted and how much did the banker gain in this?
28. A man invested a certain sum of money at 10% simple interest. After one year
he invested an equal amount at 12% simple interest. When the amount in each
case became Rs. 1600 he withdrew the money. How much money was invested
in each case and after how many years the first one was withdrawn?
29. A person borrowed Rs. 500 from a money lender and agreed to pay four
instalments of Rs. 150 each at the end of 3,6,9, 12 months. Find the rate of
simple interest per annum charged by the money lender.
30. X invests Rs. 100 at the end of 1981, Rs.200 at the end of 1982, Rs. 300 at the
end of 1983, Rs. 400 at the end of 1984 and Rs. 500 at the end of 1985. If interest
is compounded at 10% per annum what would be the amount of his investments
at the end of 1986?
31. Find the four numbers in AP whose sum is 16 and the product is 105.
32. A man repays a loan of Rs 3250 by paying Rs20 in the first month and then
increases the payment by Rs 15 every month. How long will it take to clear this
loan?
33. Find three consequent numbers in GP such that their sum is 21 and sum of their
squares is 189.
34. Find the least number of years for which an annuity of Rs.250 must run in order
that the amount just exceeds Rs. 4000 at 5% compounded annually.

UNIT – III
[MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY]

PART A [2 MARKS]

1. What is mean?
2. Write two demerits of mean?
3. What is the meaning of median?
4. Write two merits of median
5. What is mode?
6. Find mode from the following data
X 5 6 8 7 9 10 14
f 10 12 7 11 15 16 8

7. Define Harmonic mean?

8. Find the geometric mean for the following data
2574, 475, 75, 5, 0.8, 0.08, 0.005, 0.0009

9. What are the five types of measures of central tendency?

10. Calculate the mean deviation for the following data. 13,25,32,46,80,95,98
11. Compute Standard deviation for the data 1,4,5,2,3,8,6,2,8.
12. Define mean deviation.
13. Define standard deviation.
14. Define Range and its co-efficient
15. Write any two properties of measure of variation.
16. Define Quartile deviation and its co-efficient.
17. The profits earned by 10 public undertaking are given below
27,32,16,15,10,30,15,29,19,35. Calculate range and co-efficient of range.
18. Calculate range and co-efficient of range for the data
X 4 6 8 10 12
f 15 25 12 36 30

19. Calculate range for the following data

Marks 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
No of students 5 8 10 7

PART B [5 MARKS]

20. Calculate mean from the data below

Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of students 3 12 10 13 21 31

21. Calculate mean and mode from the following data

X 5 10 15 20 25 30
f 5 15 25 30 15 10

22. What is the importance of measures of central tendency?

23. What are the merits and demerits of median?
24. Calculate median from the following data
Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of students 42 38 120 84 36 40

25. Calculate mean deviation about the mean for the data
X 10 11 13 14 12
f 3 12 12 3 18

26. From the following data find out which product is more in prices.
Product A 20 22 19 23 16
Product B 10 20 18 12 15
27. Calculate the standard deviation for the data
Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60
No of students 8 12 20 10 7 3

28. Calculate Quartile deviation for the following data

1490,692, 777,335,582, 488,753, 384,407, 672,522.

29. Explain dispersion and various measures of dispersion.

30. Calculate Quartile deviation for the following data
X 60 61 62 63 65 70 75 80
f 1 3 5 7 10 1 3 1

PART C [10 MARKS]

31. Calculate mode and harmonic mean from the following data
Marks 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90-
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
No. of 16 13 8 6 15 7 6
students
32. Calculate Mean, Median and Mode for the following data

Marks 5 10 15 20 25
No Of Students 20 43 75 76 72
Marks 30 35 40 45 50
No Of Students 45 39 9 8 6
33. Calculate the mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation for the data.
X 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
- - - - - - - - -
8 1 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
2
f 1 18 30 15 12 10 6 3
6 0

34. Find the standard deviation for the following data which represent the life of two
models of refrigerator A and B.
 Refrigerator
Life in months
Model A Model B

500-700 5 4

700-900 11 30

900-1100 26 12

1100-1300 10 8

1300-1500 8 6

Calculate which model has greater uniformity?

35. Find the Quartile and Quartile deviation for the following distribution

X 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

F 8 20 25 30 12 5

UNIT –IV
[CORRELATION & REGRESSION]

PART A [2 MARKS]
1. What is correlation?
2. Distinguish between positive and negative correlation.
3. Define Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Interpret r, when r = 1, – 1 and 0.
4. What is a scatter diagram? How is it useful in the study of Correlation?
5. Distinguish between linear and non-linear correlation.
6. Mention important properties of correlation coefficient.
7. Prove that correlation coefficient lies between –1 and +1.
8. Show that correlation coefficient is independent of change of origin and scale.
9. What is Rank correlation? What are its merits and demerits?
10. Explain different types of correlation with examples.
11. Distinguish between Karl Pearson’ s coefficient of correlation and Spearman’ s
correlation coefficient.
12. For 10 observations ∑𝑥 = 130; ∑𝑦 = 220; ∑𝑥 2 = 2290; ∑𝑦 2 = 5510; ∑𝑥𝑦 =
3467. Find 𝑟.
13. 𝐶𝑜𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 18.6; 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑥) = 20.2; 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑦) = 23.7. Find 𝑟.
14. Given that 𝑟 = 0.42, 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = 10.5, 𝑣(𝑥) = 16; Find the standard deviation of
𝑦.
15. Rank correlation coefficient 𝑟 = 0.8, ∑𝐷2 = 33. Find 𝑛.
16. Define regression and write down the two regression equations.
17. Describe different types of regression.
18. Explain principle of least squares.
19. What is regression co-efficient?
20. State the properties of regression equations.
21. Why there are two regression equations?
22. What are the uses of regression analysis?
23. Distinguish between correlation and regression.
24. What do you mean by regression line of Y on X and regression line of X on Y?
25. From the following data, find the regression equation ∑𝑋 = 21, ∑𝑌 = 20, ∑𝑋 2 =
91, ∑𝑋𝑌 = 74, 𝑛 = 7
Part-B and Part-C
[5 Marks and 10 Marks]

1. From the following data find the regression equation of Y on X. If X = 15, find Y?
X 8 11 7 10 12 5 4 6

Y 11 30 25 44 38 25 20 27

2. Find the two regression equations from the following data.

X 25 22 28 26 35 20 22 40 20 18

Y 18 15 20 17 22 14 16 21 15 14

3. Find S.D (Y), given that variance of X = 36, 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 0.8, 𝑟 = 0.5

4. In a correlation study, the following values are obtained

X Y

Mean 68 60

S.D. 2.5 3.5

Coefficient of correlation, r = 0.6 Find the two regression equations.

5. In a correlation studies, the following values are obtained:

X Y

Mean 12 15

S.D. 2 3

r = 0.5 Find the two regression equations.

6. The correlation coefficient of bivariate X and Y is r=0.6, variance of X and Y are
respectively, 2.25 and 4.00, X =10, Y =20. From the above data, find the two
regression lines.

7. For the following lines of regression find the mean values of X and Y and the two
regression coefficients
8𝑋 – 10𝑌 + 66 = 0

40𝑋 – 18𝑌 = 214.

8. Given X = 90, Y = 70,𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 1.36, 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 0.61.

Find (i) the most probable values of X, when Y = 50 and
(ii) the coefficient of correlation between X and Y.

9. You are supplied with the following data:

4𝑋 – 5𝑌 + 33 = 0 and 20𝑋 – 9𝑌 – 107 = 0 variance of Y = 4. Calculate
(I) Mean values of x and y
(II) S.D. of X
(III) Correlation coefficients between X and Y.

10. Compute the coefficient of correlation of the following score of A and B.

A 5 10 5 11 12 4 3 2 7 1

B 1 6 2 8 5 1 4 6 5 2

11. Calculate coefficient of Correlation between price and supply. Interpret the value of
correlation coefficient.
Price 8 10 15 17 20 22 24 25

Supply 25 30 32 35 37 40 42 45

12. Find out Karl Pearson’ s coefficient of correlation in the following series relating to
prices and supply of a commodity.
Price (Rs.) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Supply (Rs.) 30 29 29 25 24 24 24 21 18 15

13. Find the correlation coefficient between the marks obtained by ten students in
economics and statistics.
 Marks (in Economics) 70 68 67 55 60 60 75 63 60
72

Marks (in Statistics) 65 65 80 60 68 58 75 62 60

70

14. Compute the coefficient of correlation from the following data.

Age of workers 40 34 22 28 36 32 24 46 26
30

Days absent 2.5 3 5 4 2.5 3 4.5 2.5 4 3.5

15. Find out correlation coefficient between height of father and son from the following
data
Height of father 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72

Height of son 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

UNIT –V
[INDEX NUMBER & TIME SERIES]
PART A [2 MARKS]

1. What is an index number?

2. What are the uses of index numbers.
3. Explain Time Reversal Test and Factor Reversal test.
4. What is meant by consumer price index number? What are its uses.
5. What is a time series?
6. What are the components of time series.
7. Write briefly about seasonal variation.
8. What is cyclic variation.
9. Give the names of different methods of measuring trend.
10. What are the merits and demerits of the semi-average method?
11. Discuss the mathematical models for a time series analysis.
12. Discuss irregular variation in the context of time series.
13. What do you understand by business fore-casting?
14. Give the names of different methods of fore casting.
15. Write briefly about any one method of forecasting.
16. In what sense forecasting differ from prediction and projection.
Part-B and Part-C
[5 Marks and 10 Marks]
1. Calculate price index number by
I. Laspeyres’ method
II. Paasche’ s method
III. Fisher’ s ideal index method.
 1990 1995

Commodity Price Quantity Price Quantity

A 20 15 30 20

B 15 10 20 15

C 30 20 25 10

D 10 5 12 10

2. Calculate Fisher ideal index for the following data. Also test whether it satisfies time
reversal test and factor reversal test.
Price Quantity

Commodity 2000 2002 2000 2002

A 6 35 10 40

B 10 25 12 30

C 12 15 8 20

3. Calculate the cost-of-living index number from the following data.

Price

Items Base year Current year Weight

Food 30 45 4

Fuel 10 15 2

Clothing 15 20 1

House Rent 20 15 3

Miscellaneous 25 20 2

4. With the help of graph paper obtain the trend values.

Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
 Value 65 85 95 75 100 80 130

5. Using graphical method, fit a trend-line to the following data.

Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Values 24 22 25 26 27 26

6. Draw a trend line by the method of semi-averages.

Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Sales 210 200 215 205 220 235 210 235

7. The following figures are given relating to the output in a factory. Draw a trend-line
with the help of method of semi averages.
Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Output 600 800 1000 800 1200 1000 1400

8. Calculate three yearly moving average of the following data

Year 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000

No. of students 15 18 17 20 23 25 29 33 36 40

9. The following figures relating to the profits of a commercial concern for 8 years. Find
the 3-yearly moving averages.
Years Profits Years Profits

1995 15,420 1999 26,120

1996 14,470 2000 31,950

1997 15,520 2001 35,370

1998 21,020 2002 35,670

10. Construct a four yearly centred moving average from the following data.
Year 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Imported cotton

consumption ('000) 129 131 106 91 95 84 93

11. From the following data calculate the 4-yearly moving average and determine the
trend values. Find the short-term fluctuations. Plot the original data and the trend on a
graph.
Year 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02

Value 50 36.5 43 44.5 38.9 38.1 32.6 41.7 41.1 33.8

12. Calculate trend value by taking 5 yearly period of moving average from the data given
below
Year 1987 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Production in

tones 4 5 6 7 9 6 5 7

Year 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02

Production in

tones 8 7 6 8 9 10 7 9

13. Fit a straight-line trend by the method of least squares to the following data and
calculate trend values.
Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Sales of TV Sets

(Rs.'000) 4 6 7 8 10

Estimate the sales for the year 2005.

14. Below are given the figures of production in ‘000 quintals of a sugar factory.
Year 1994 95 96 97 98 99 2000

Production in tones 80 90 92 83 94 99 92

15. Fit a straight-line trend by the method of least square to the following data.
Year 1996 97 98 99 2000 2001

Profit 300 700 600 800 900 700

16. Fit a straight-line trend by the method of least squares to the following data. Estimate
the earnings for the year 2002.
Year 1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000

Earnings 38 40 65 72 69 60 87 95
17. Compute the average seasonal movement for the following series.
Year I quarter II quarter III quarter IV quarter

1999 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.6

2000 3.5 4.1 3.7 4.0

2001 3.5 3.9 3.7 4.2

2002 4.0 4.6 3.8 4.5

2003 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.5

18. Obtain seasonal fluctuations from the following time-series Quarterly output of coal
for four years.
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003

I 65 58 70 60

II 58 63 59 55

III 56 63 56 51

IV 61 67 52 58