CIVIL 331
1/2/2011
Engineering Design Process
The engineering design process can be defined as a decision making process using engineering sciences to meet a desired, measurable goal.
If a product can be engineered with ninety percent of the performance at fifty percent of the cost, that is good engineering. Simple designs to solve complex problems are the most elegant and complexity for its own sake is unnecessary.
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Sequence of Design Process
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Establish Functional Specification Concept Design Define Target Values for Functional Requirements Preliminary Design & Analysis Evaluate (o.k = cont., not o.k. = go back to 1. or 2.) Final Design & Analysis
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Functional Specification
Specify loads dead, live, wind, seismic, other Specify space/span requirements Specify deflection limits Specify mechanical function, if any Specify useful life, if required
Concept Design
Load versus Structural System Understanding load path
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Structural Systems
Tension hangers, tension ties, tension rings Compression columns, arches, compression rings Bending & Shear beams, trusses Torsion box beams/columns, grillage
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C Commo Types of Horizon Spanning System on p ntal a g
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C Commo Types of Lateral Load Resisting System on p n s
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CAN/C CSA-S16-01
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Sp Ra pan anges fo or Di ifferent Syste t ems and d Materials s
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Sp Ra pan anges fo or St teel Systems
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Sp pan Ra anges fo or Timber Sy ystems s
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Sp Ra pan anges fo or Re einforc Con ced ncrete Sy ystems s
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Lo Pat oad th
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Example 1
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Example 2
Loads always flow through the stiffest path Shorter load paths generally result in more efficient
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Free Body Diagram A picture of the physical situation you are analyzing, which depicts all of the relevant forces acting on the structure of interest.
Ra
Rb
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Example 2
Ra
Rb
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Important factors to consider in Engineering Design Functionality Safety Cost Aesthetics Materials Manufacturability Method of Construction & Shipping Maintainability
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Functional Requirements for Engineering Structures Load carrying/resisting Vibration/Deflection Space/Span Mechanical function(s) Useful life (fatigue/corrosion)
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Typical Safety Requirements for Engineering Structures Limit States Design Codes and standards Jurisdictional requirements
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Cost Considerations Engineering cost Material cost Manufacturing cost Shipping cost Construction cost Life cycle cost
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Aesthetics Considerations Form and style Environment
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Material Considerations Strength Stiffness Weight Cost Manufacturability Field construction: special process/equipment
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Manufacturability Considerations Cut/Sheared Formed Rolled Punched/Drilled Bolted/Nailed Welded Tolerances and distortion
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Method of Construction & Shipping Considerations Modular construction Field welded versus field bolted Max. weight and size for shipping Crane reach and capacity Special consideration for remote site
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Maintainability Considerations Access for inspection and maintenance of mechanical equipment Fatigue Corrosion
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