Mains Questions

1. How is the S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently
available in the world?
S

2. What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology? How will
these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections of society?

3. What do you understand by nano-technology and how is it helping in the health sector?

4. How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture
triggered off by science -based technologies?

5. COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented devastation worldwide. However,

technological advancements are being availed readily to win over the crisis. Give an account
of how technology was sought to aid the management of the pandemic.
COVID

6. How can biotechnology help to improve the living standards of farmers?

7. Give an account of the growth and development of nuclear science and technology in India.
What is the advantage of a fast breeder reactor programme in India?

8. How is the Government of India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting
by pharmaceutical companies?

9. Why is there so much activity in the field of biotechnology in our country? How has this
activity benefitted the field of biopharma?

10. With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme?
Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy.
11. Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity in India to treat a wide variety of medical conditions
including leukaemia, Thalassemia, damaged cornea and several burns. Describe briefly
what stem cell therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?

12. Why is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient
features of Indian Government’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of
its application in the development process of the country.

13. To what factors can the recent dramatic fall in equipment costs and tariff of solar energy be
attributed? What implications does the trend have for the thermal power producers and the
related industry?

14. What are the areas of prohibitive labour that can be sustainably managed by robots? Discuss
the initiatives that can propel research in premier research institutes for substantive and
gainful innovation.

15. Can overuse and the availability of antibiotics without doctor’s prescription, contribute to
the emergence of drug -resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for
monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved.

16. Scientific research in Indian universities is declining, because a career in science is not
as attractive as our business operations, engineering or administration, and the universities
are becoming consumer -oriented. Critically comment.

17. In a globalised world, intellectual property rights assume significance and are a source of
litigation. Broadly distinguish between the terms – copyrights, patents and trade secrets.

18. Discuss the strategic importance of AGNI -P missile.Why it can be seen as the replacement
of agni-1and agni-2?

19. With growing demand of food grains bio-tech can be seen as the tool to accomplish the
demands. Comment.

20. COVID -19 pandemic gives us inspiration to focus on R&D for health and make us self
independent. Critically analyse.
21. Discuss the importance of research in agriculture sector.

22. Mitochondrial replacement therapy gives a light of hope in the dark for the nation like
India.analyse.

23. Renewable energy resources are associated with the future of technology and research.

24. Give an account of the issues associated with conventional sources of energy with reference
of recent power crisis.

25. Discuss the significant challenges in acquisition of defence technology?

26. SCNT can be used as the weapon to fight with the phenomenon of organ trade?
SCNT

27. Genetic conservation of various species of wildlife is the need of the hour. critically examine.

28. What are the various ethical issues associated with cloning?

29. Gene editing has the potential to cut down the health budget or can drain the wealth of
nation ? Compare.

30. In defence sector recent development shows it’s the era of economic war. Comment.

31. Discuss India’s present composition of energy sources and future energy security scenario
in the context of growing energy demand?

32. What are the benefits of ‘‘Smart Grid’’ ? Examine the challenges and strategies for ‘‘Smart
Grid’’ operations in India.

33. Write a short note on the recent developments taking place in the most popular National
Solar Mission?

34. What are the factors for the increase in the worldwide energy demand ? Discuss briefly to
mitigate such demands.

35. What are the new emerging renewable energy technologies?

36. What are the challenges faced by energy sector in our country?
37. Discuss the scope of renewable energy in the scenario of energy crisis?

38. Write a short note on Shale Gas Revolution.

39. Give a detailed list of barriers to renewable energy?

40. What is the difference between renewable energy and non -renewable energy ? What are
the different types of non -conventional energy ? Add a note on their resources.

41. Recently there is lot of public resistance towards the establishment of coal based power
plants. Comment.

42. Discuss the reasons for the sparse use of renewable resources in India?

43. Discussion on (i) Wind power in India (ii) Biomass management in India (iii) Ocean energy
(i) (ii) (iii)

44. What are the various renewable energy resources? What is their potential in our
country?

45. Narrate Nuclear Power growth in India. Add a note on Nuclear Fuel reserves in the country.

46. Define nuclear energy. Discuss briefly on the mitigation of nuclear hazards and nuclear
waste.

47. Cutting-edge developments in nanotechnology offer new ways of preventing and treating
lifestyle diseases, including cancer. Elaborate.

48. Write an essay on stem cells research and the significance of cloning in various fields?

49. What are monoclonal antibodies ? How are they useful in detecting parasitic diseases?

50. Describe the methods of gene transfer in developing Genetically Modified crops.

51. Mention briefly the arguments in favour of and against GM crops.

52. Give a brief description of GM crops and explain the regulations and concerns associated
with the release of a Genetically Modified crop.
53. What are the outcomes of crop science research in India?

54. What is meant by genetically modified crops, ? Write their role in agriculture with a note on
the legitimate concerns about transgenic agriculture.

55. Define biofertilizers. Give an account of technology involved for the mass production of
different biofertilizers, with their application.

56. Write about the role of biotechnology in environmental cleanup processes.

57. Give a detailed note on ‘Triple Vaccination’.

58. ‘Biotechnological intervention has transformed the vaccination technology’. Discuss.

59. What are vaccines? Write the fundamental concept of vaccination and list some of the
compulsory vaccines for children.

60. Write about the different types of modern vaccines available today. How are the modern
vaccines better than the conventional vaccines?

61. Discuss on Intellectual Property Rights and National Policy on Technology Missions.

62. What are the sources of biomass energy in India? Analyse the significance of biomass energy
and the need for revision in policies.

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