Data Types in
C-Part-2
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 1
Objectives of this session
• To learn about basic data types in c
• How to declare them in program
• Different operators in C
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 2
Learning outcomes
• At the end of this session, you will understand
• About different types of basic data types available in C
• How to declare them in a C program
• Different types of operators available in C
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 3
The character type char
• A char variable can be used to store a single character.
• A character constant is formed by enclosing the character within a pair
of single quotation marks. Valid examples: 'a’ .
• Character zero ( ‘0’ ) is not the same as the number (integer constant)
0.
• The character constant ‘\n’—the newline character—is a valid
character constant. It is called as an escape character.
• There are other escape sequences like, \t for tab, \v for vertical tab, \n
for new line etc.
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 4
Character Types
Character type char is related to the integer type.
Modifiers(type specifiers) unsigned and signed can be used
char 1 byte (-128 to 127)
signed char 1 byte (-128 to 127)
unsigned char 1 byte (0 to 255)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange ) is the dominant
encoding scheme for characters.
Examples
' ' encoded as 32 '+' encoded as 43
'A' encoded as 65 …………………….'Z' encoded as 90
'a' encoded as 97 ……………………. 'z' encoded as 122
‘0’ encoded as 48 ……………………..’9’ encoded as 57
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 5
Assigning values to char
char letter; /* declare variable letter of type char */
letter = ‘A'; /* OK */
letter = A; /* NO! Compiler thinks A is a variable */
letter = “A"; /* NO! Compiler thinks “A" is a string */
letter = 65; /* ok because characters are internally stored
as numeric values (ASCII code) */
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 6
Floating-Point Types
Floating-point types represent real numbers
Integer part
Fractional part
The number 108.1517 breaks down into the following parts
108 - integer part
1517 - fractional part
Floating-point constants can also be expressed in scientific notation. The
value 1.7e4 represents the value 1.7 × 104.
The value before the letter e is known as the mantissa, whereas the
value that follows e is called the exponent.
There are three floating-point type specifiers
float
double
4/9/2021
long double CSE 1051 Department of CSE 7
SIZE AND RANGE OF VALUES FOR 16-BIT MACHINE
(FLOATING POINT TYPE)
Type Size
32 bits
Single Precision Float
4 bytes
64 bits
Double Precision double 8 bytes
Long Double 80 bits
long double
Precision 10 bytes
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 8
void
2 uses of void are
To specify the return type of a function when it is not
returning any value.
To indicate an empty argument list to a function.
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 9
Best Practices for Programming
Naming Variables According to Standards
Prefix Data Type Example
i int and unsigned int iTotalMarks
f float fAverageMarks
d double dSalary
l long and unsigned long lFactorial
c signed char and unsigned char cChoice
ai Array of integers aiStudentId
af Array of float afQuantity
ad Array of double adAmount
al Array of long integers alSample
4/9/2021
ac Array of characters
CSE 1051 Department of CSE
acEmpName 10
Example: Using data
types
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int integerVar = 100;
float floatingVar = 331.79;
double doubleVar = 144368.4411;
char charVar = 'W';
printf(“%d\n”, integerVar);
printf(“%f\n”,floatingVar);
printf(“%g\n”,doubleVar);
printf(“%c\n”,charVar);
return 0;
}
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 11
Operators
• The different operators are:
• Arithmetic
• Relational
• Logical
• Increment and Decrement
• Bitwise
• Assignment
• Conditional
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 12
Summary
• Character data type (char) takes 1 byte(8-bits) in memory
• ASCII format is used to encode character data
• Floating point numbers (real numbers) can be stored in float, double
or long double depending on the precision we want
• There are different types of operators available in c for different
purpose
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 13
