SECTION 15890

DUCTWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Ductwork.
B. Duct cleaning.

1.02 RELATED WORK

A. Section 09900 -Painting: Weld priming, weather resistant, paint or coating.

B. Section 15140 - Supports and Anchors: Sleeves.
C. Section 15915 - Duct Insulation.
D. Section 15910 - Ductwork Accessories.
E. Section 15936 - Air Outlets and Inlets.
F. Section 15990 - Testing, Adjusting and Balancing.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. ASHRAE - Handbook 1985 Fundamentals; Chapter 33 - Duct Design.

B. ASHRAE - Handbook 1983 Equipment; Chapter 1 - Duct Construction.
C. ASTM A 90 - Weight of Coating on Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Iron or Steel
Articles.
D. ASTM A 525 - General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
by the Hot-Dip Process.
E. ASTM A 527 - Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by Hot-Dip Process, Lock
Forming Quality.
F. NFPA 90 A - Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.
G. NFPA 90 B - Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning
Systems.
H. SMACNA - HVAC Duct Construction Standards, Metal and Flexible, Latest
Edition.
I. SMACNA - HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual, First Edition, 1985.
J. ASTM A 167 - Stainless and Heat Resisting Chromium - Nickel Steel Plate,
Sheet and Strip.
K. UL 181 - Factory-made air ducts and connectors.
1.04 DEFINITIONS

A. Duct Sizes: Duct sizes shown on drawings are inside clear dimensions. For lined
ducts, maintain sizes inside lining and increase sheet metal sizes accordingly.

1.05 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

A. Construct ductwork to NFPA 90A and NFPA 90B standards, as applicable.

1.06 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. The works covered by this Section shall be executed by a contractor, specialized
in fabrication and installation of ductwork and engaged in this trade in Kuwait for
at least three (3) preceding years.
 B. Products used in the works covered by this Section shall be provided from
specialized manufacturer whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar
service for minimum period of five (5) immediately preceding years.
C. Equipment supplied shall be manufactured, tested, rated and certified in
accordance with the reference standards. Certification shall be furnished, where
required.
D. Materials used shall have self extinguishing characteristic and shall not release
toxic by-products in combustion, flame spread / fuel contributed / smoke
developed rating in accordance with ASTM E84, NFPA 255 and UL 723.
E. Foster Fungicidal protective coating shall be applied on all interior surfaces of
supply air ducts and wherever effective controls are essential.
1.07 SUBMITTALS

A. Products data and samples shall be submitted under provisions of the General
Conditions of Contract, as follows:
1. Shop drawings, indicating duct fittings, particulars such as gages, sizes,
welds, and configuration, prior to start of work.
2. Two (2) samples each of typical manufactured duct fittings and two copies of
the latest editions of SMACNA standards.
3. Schedule of application giving type of material(s) and thickness for each type
and service.
4. Manufacturer’s installation instruction, including special procedures for
manufactured ducts.

1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver products to site under provisions of General Requirements and General

Conditions of Contract.
B. Store and protect products under provisions of General Requirements.
C. Prevent end damage and prevent dirt and moisture from entering ducts and
fittings.
D. Where possible store ductwork inside and protect from weather. Where
necessary to store outdoors, store above grade and enclose with water proof
wrapping.
1.09 APPROVED MANUFACTURER

1. As per Engineer's approval

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 INSTALLER:

A. A firm with at least five years of successful installation experience on similar

project.

2.03 GENERAL
A. Tees, bends and elbows shall be constructed with a radius equal to or better than
1½ times the width of duct on centerline. Internal turning vanes shall be provided
in rectangular elbow and where the minimum radius of bend is not possible.
 B. In areas with acoustical lining, turning vanes shall be constructed with perforated
metal covered with glass fiber acoustical lining.
C. Size transition / contractions of ducts shall have divergence exceeding of 15
degrees, wherever possible. Equipment connections shall have maximum
divergence of 30 degrees upstream of equipment and convergence of 30 degrees
downstream.
2.03 MATERIALS

A. General: Non-combustible or conforming to requirements for Class 1 air duct

materials, or UL 181.
B. Steel Ducts: ASTM A527 galvanized steel sheet, lock-forming quality, having
zinc coating designation of G90 in conformance with ASTM A525. Mill
phosphatized for exposed locations.
C. Stainless steel ducts: ASTM A167 stainless steel sheets; Type 316 with epoxy
coating on the interior and exterior. Sheet metal gauge and construction shall
conform to recommendations in SMACNA duct construction standards, metal
and flexible, latest edition.
D. Flexible Ducts: Interlocking spiral of galvanized steel or aluminum
construction or fabric supported by helical wound spring steel wire or flat
steel bands; rated to 2 inches WG (500 Pa) positive and 1.5 inches WG (375 Pa)
negative for low pressure ducts.
E. Insulated Flexible Ducts: Flexible duct wrapped with flexible glass fiber
insulation, enclosed by seamless aluminum pigmented plastic vapor barrier
jacket; maximum 0.23 K value at 75 degrees F mean temperature.
F. Fasteners: Rivets, bolts, or sheet metal screws.
G. Sealant: Non-hardening, water resistant, fire resistive, compatible with
mating materials; liquid used alone or with tape, or heavy mastic.
H. Hanger Rod: Steel, galvanized; threaded both ends, threaded one end, or
continuously threaded.

2.04 RECTANGULAR, GALVANIZED STEEL DUCTWORK

A. Ducts shall be fabricated from lock forming quality galvanized steel sheets,
having G 90 zinc coating, all in accordance with reference standards.
B. Duct material, gauges, reinforcement, sealing, supports, operating pressures etc.
shall all be in accordance with SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards.
C. Connections of flexible ducts with metal ducts shall be made with adhesive and
sheet metal screws.

2.05 ROUND, GALVANIZED STEEL DUCTWORK

A. Acceptable Manufacturers:
1. Fawaz Refrigeration and Airconditioning Co., Kuwait
2. Al-Mulla air Ducts, Kuwait
3. Safid, KSA
4. Wiremold, USA
 5. Duro Dyne, USA
6. United Sheet Metal Division, USA
7. ABB Flakt, Sweden
8. Approved alternative / substitutions under provisions of the General
Conditions of Contract.
B. Duct shall be round, spiral lock seam type with galvanized steel outlet wall, 25
mm (1 inch) thick fiberglass insulation and galvanized steel inner wall.
C. Fittings shall be fabricated from sheets two (2) gauges heavier than the duct with
continuously welded joints. Joints shall be 100 mm (4 inch) minimum, cemented
slip type, brazed or electric welded. Joints shall be prime coated at the factory.
Standard 45 degree lateral wye takeoffs shall be used unless 90 degrees conical
tee connections are indicated.
D. Supply air ducts shall be double wall, internally insulated construction return air
ducts shall be of single wall construction.

2.06 ROUND, FLEXIBLE NON-METALLIC DUCTS

A. UL 181, Class 1, composite of aluminum and polyester film with latex adhesive,
supported by helical wound spring steel wire.
B. Pressure Rating: 500 Pa (2 inch WG) positive and 375 Pa (1.5 inch WG)
negative.
C. Maximum Velocity: 20.3 M/Sec (4000 fpm)
D. Temperature Range: -28 C to 99 C (-20 F to 210 F)
2.07 PLENUMS
A. 16-gage galvanized sheet metal reinforced with galvanized steel angle frames,
with angles at 30 inches on center. Provide access doors and reinforce around
doors with galvanized steel angle.
2.08 DUCT JOINTING MATERIALS

A. Duct sealant Foster 320\-19 or,

B. Non-flammable (dry state) duct adhesives for fiber glass lining etc. Foster 81-10
2.09 DUCT FASTENERS AND SUPPORTS
A. Requirements of Section 15140 shall be referred to and complied with in all
respects.
B. Sealant: Non-hardening, water resistant, fire resistive, compatible with mating
materials, liquid used alone or with tape, or heavy mastic.
C. Fasteners: Pop-rivets, sheet metal screws and galvanized steel bolts and nuts.
D. Hanger Rods: Continuously threaded, galvanized steel rods with thrust washers
and lock nuts.
E. Ducts shall be hung / supported from threaded rods, locked in position with thrust
washers and double nuts.
2.10 FABRICATION
A. Fabricate and support in accordance with SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction
Standards and ASHRAE handbooks, except as indicated. Provide duct material,
gauges, reinforcing, and sealing for pressure classes indicated.
B. Size round ducts installed in place of rectangular ducts in accordance with
ASHRAE table of equivalent rectangular and round ducts. No variation of duct
configuration or sizes permitted except by written permission.
C. Construct T's, bends, and elbows with radius of not less than 1-1/2 times width of
duct on centerline. Where not possible and where rectangular elbows are used,
provide [airfoil] turning vanes. Where acoustical lining is indicated, provide
turning vanes of perforated metal with glass fiber insulation.
D. Increase duct sizes gradually, not exceeding 15 degrees divergence. Divergence
upstream of equipment shall not exceed 30 degrees; convergence downstream
shall not exceed 30 degrees.
E. Provide easements where ductwork conflicts with piping and structure. Where
easements exceed 10 percent duct area, split into two ducts maintaining original
duct area.
F. Connect flexible ducts to metal ducts with adhesive plus sheet metal screws.
G. Use double nuts and lock washers on threaded rod supports.
H. Provide standard 45-degree lateral Eye takeoffs unless otherwise indicated where
90 degrees conical tee connections may be used.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 INSTALLATION

A. General: Assemble and install ductwork in accordance with recognized

industry practices which will achieve airtight and noiseless systems, capable of
performing each indicated service. Install each run with minimum 1/8"
misalignment tolerance and with internal surfaces smooth. Support ducts rigidly
with suitable ties, braces, hangers and anchors of type which will hold ducts
true-to-shape and to prevent buckling.
B. Seal ductwork, after installation, in accordance with recommendations of
SMACNA.
C. Supply concrete inserts for installation by others during casting for support of
ductwork, as required to avoid delays in work.
D. Complete fabrication of work at the Project site as necessary to match shop
fabricated work and accommodate installation requirements.

E. Locate ductwork runs, except as otherwise indicated, vertically and horizontally

and avoids diagonal runs wherever possible. Locate runs as indicated by
diagrams, details and notations or, if not otherwise indicated, run ductwork in
shortest route which does not obstruct usable space or block access for servicing
building and its equipment. Hold ducts close to walls, overhead construction,
columns, and other structural and permanent enclosure elements of building.
 Limit clearance to 1/2" where furring is shown for enclosure or concealment of
ducts, but allow for insulation thickness, if any. Where possible, locate
insulated ductwork for 1" clearance outside of insulation. Wherever possible in
finished and occupied spaces, conceal ductwork from view, by locating in
mechanical shafts, hollow wall construction or above suspended ceilings. Do
not encase horizontal runs in solid partitions, except as specifically shown.
Coordinate layout with suspended ceiling and lighting layouts and similar
finished work.
F. Where ducts pass through interior partitions and exterior walls, conceal space
between construction opening and duct or duct-plus-insulation with sheet metal
flanges of same gauge as duct. Overlap opening on 4 sides by at least 1-1/2".
G. Coordinate duct installations with installation of accessories, dampers, coil
frames, equipment, controls and other associated work of ductwork system.
H. Support ductwork in manner complying with SMACNA.

I. Provide openings in ductwork where required to accommodate thermometers and

controllers. Provide pilot tube openings where required for testing of systems,
complete with metal can with spring device or screw to ensure against air leakage.
Where openings are provided in insulated ductwork, install insulation material
inside a metal ring.
J. Locate ducts with sufficient space around equipment to allow normal operating
and maintenance activities.
K. Set plenum doors 6 to 12 inches (150 to 3300mm) above floor. Arrange door
swing so that fan static pressure holds door in closed position.
L. Connect terminal units to ducts directly or with one-foot (300-mm) maximum
length of flexible duct. Do not use flexible duct to change direction.
M. During construction provides temporary closures of metal or taped polyethylene
on open ductwork to prevent construction dust from entering ductwork system.
3.02 DUCTWORK APPLICATION SCHEDULE

AIR SYSTEM MATERIAL PRESSURE CLASS

_(INCH)
(FOR PRESSURE CLASS CLASSIFICATION REFER TO SMACNA DUCT
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Return air ducts for all Galvanized steel 3.0
Air handling units
2. Toilet and Exhaust air ducts Galvanized steel 2.0
3. Supply air ducts for all Galvanized steel 3.0
air handling units
4. Smoke and Fresh Air Duct Galvanized steel 4.0
for Car Park
3.03 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING

A. Clean ductwork internally, unit-by-unit as it is installed, of dust and debris. Clean

external surfaces of foreign substances, which might cause corrosive deterioration
of metal or, where ductwork is to be painted, might interfere with painting or
cause paint deterioration.

B. Strip protective papers from stainless ductwork surfaces, and repair finish
wherever it has been damaged.

C. Clean duct system and force air at sufficient velocity through duct to remove
accumulated dust. To obtain sufficient air, clean half the system at a time.
Protect equipment, which may be harmed by excessive dirt with temporary filters,
or bypass during cleaning.

D. Clean ducts systems with high power vacuum machines. Protect equipment,
which may be harmed by excessive dirt with filters, or bypass during cleaning.
Provide adequate access into ductwork for cleaning purposes.

END OF SECTION 15890