MEEN 30291
CONTROL
ENGINEERING
GROUP 3 - MEMBERS:
Andaya, Danwell G.
Cuevas, Clark Ken G.
Dela Torre, Ivan Heart
Diño, John Paul
Engay, Krizsa Mae B.
Mahinay, Jayrald B.
Manalo, Kevin Kyle
TOPIC
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
HISTORY
The transfer function's roots trace back to the 19th century with
early work on stability by engineers, and the mathematical
foundation was established through the Laplace transform by
Pierre-Simon Laplace. The concept was formalized during the
1930s and 1940s, particularly during World War II, as engineers
recognized the importance of feedback. While modern control
theory introduced state-space methods, the transfer function
remains a vital tool for analyzing system behavior and stability
across various applications in robotics, aerospace, and industrial
automation.
DEFINITION OF
TRANSFER FUNCTION
The transfer function is defined as the ratio
of the Laplace transform of the system's
output, to the Laplace transform of the
input, assuming all initial conditions are zero.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
SYSTEM STABILITY ANALYSIS (ROUTH-HURWITZ CRITERION)
Transfer functions are essential in determining system stability
through methods such as Routh-Hurwitz criterion and Nyquist plot.
In this analysis, you use the characteristic equation of a
system's transfer function to determine stability.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE (TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN)
Transfer functions allow you to observe how systems respond over
time to inputs like step functions or impulses.
Time-Domain Response focuses on how the system output evolves
over time (e.g., transient and steady-state behavior).
Frequency-Domain Response describes how the system reacts to
inputs of different frequencies (e.g., Bode plots, Nyquist
plots).
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
CONTROLLER DESIGN (PID CONTROLLER)
Transfer functions are used in designing controllers like
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers to achieve
desired dynamic performance (e.g., reducing overshoot, increasing
response speed).
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
CONTROLLER DESIGN (PID CONTROLLER)
A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is one of the
most commonly used feedback control strategies in industrial
systems. The PID controller adjusts the system's control input
based on the error between the desired setpoint and the actual
process output. This results in more precise control, allowing
for fine-tuned adjustments to stabilize the system's response.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION
Transfer functions simplify complex systems into manageable block
diagrams for easier analysis and control.
A block diagram is a graphical representation of a control
system, showing the relationship between the system components
and how signals flow through the system.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
Used in system identification, where a mathematical model of the system
is developed based on observed data, using transfer functions.
System identification is the process of developing mathematical models
(usually in the form of transfer functions) that describe the dynamics
of a physical system based on measured input-output data.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
BODE PLOT AND ROOT LOCUS ANALYSIS
Transfer functions help in plotting Bode diagrams for frequency
response and conducting Root Locus analysis to understand system
stability.
Bode Plot and Root Locus are powerful tools used in control
system analysis and design, particularly in understanding system
stability, frequency response, and controller design. Each method
provides unique insights into how systems behave under different
conditions and helps design control systems that ensure the
desired performance.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Transfer functions model mechanical systems (e.g., mass-spring-
damper) and electrical circuits (e.g., RC, RL circuits) to derive
relationships between input forces/voltages and output
displacement/currents.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1. Mechanical Systems
Mechanical systems often involve components like masses, springs,
and dampers, where transfer functions can help model the system's
dynamic behavior.
APPLICATION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
2. Electrical Systems
Electrical systems often include components like resistors,
inductors, capacitors, and operational amplifiers. Transfer
functions are used to describe the behavior of these components
in response to input signals.
ADVANTAGES
Simplifies System Analysis:
Makes complex systems easier to understand by turning differential
equations into simpler algebraic equations.
Frequency Response:
Helps analyze how a system responds to different input signals at
various frequencies.
ADVANTAGES
Uses Laplace Transform:
The transfer function uses the Laplace transform, which makes solving
problems with differential equations easier.
Combining Systems:
When systems are connected together, transfer functions make it simple
to find the overall system's behavior by adding or multiplying them.
DISADVANTAGES
Transfer function is valid only for linear time –
invariant (LTI) systems.
No physical insight
Cannot handle Multi-Input, Multi-Output (MIMO)
systems easily
Cannot show time delays
EXAMPLES
Is differential equation is given by
where, x is input and y is output. Find the transfer function of the given
differential equation.
EXAMPLES
Find transfer function for given equation
where, y is output and x is input.
CONCLUSIONS :
ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS:
LIMITATIONS OR THE DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSFER FUNCTION:
•Time-Invariant Systems
•Limited to Lumped-Parameter Systems
•Does Not Provide State Information
•Frequency Domain Analysis
•Difficulty Handling Non-Minimum Phase Systems
CONCLUSIONS :
ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS:
HISTORY:
•1930
•1940
•1950
•1960
•1970
•1980
Thank You!
