Dr.
Maria Residential Academy
(Session 2018-19)
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
Topic: CATALYSIS
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Tanu Singh Meenakshi Ma'am
DR. MARIA RESIDENTIAL
ACADEMY,AGRA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that TANU SINGH,
student of class X11 has
successfully completed the report on
project entitled “CATALYSIS” the
guidance of MENAKSHI MAM
(subject teacher) during the
academic year 2018-19 in partial
fulfillment of Chemistry practical
examination conducted by CBSE.
Teacher's Signature:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my teacher
MEENAKSHI MAM, who gave me
the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful and interesting project of
Chemistry on the topic “CATALYSIS
”,who also helped me in
completing my project. Her vital
support helped the project to take a
suitable & logical shape. Also, a big
heartfuk thanks to my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing the project within given
time frame.
INDEX
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. What is Catalysis
5. Types of catalysts
6. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Most reactions that occur in nature or
synthetically require a lot of time for
completion. In order to speed up the
reaction, a substance called the catalyst
has to be added. Thus catalysis is the
process of speeding up a reaction. Let us
explore more about the phenomenon of
catalysis, catalysts and the role of surface
chemistry in catalysis.
What is Catalysis?
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a
chemical reaction due to the participation
of an additional substance called
a catalyst. which is not consumed in the
catalyzed reaction and can continue to act
repeatedly. Usually, even a small amount
of catalyst is sufficient to bring about this
effect. In catalyzed mechanisms, the
catalyst usually reacts to form a temporary
intermediate which then regenerates the
original catalyst in a cyclic process.
Mechanism of Catalysis
In the presence of a catalyst, less free energy
is required to reach the transition state, but
the total free energy from reactants to
products does not change. A catalyst may
participate in multiple chemical
transformations. The effect of a catalyst may
vary due to the presence of other substances
known as inhibitors (which reduce the
catalytic activity) or promoters (which increase
the activity and also affect the temperature of
the reaction).
Catalyzed reactions have a lower activation
energy (rate-limiting free energy of activation)
than the corresponding uncatalyzed reaction,
resulting in a higher reaction rate at the same
temperature and for the same reactant
concentration. As in the case of any other
chemical reaction, the reaction rate depends
upon the frequency of contact of the reactants
in the rate-determining [Link], the
catalyst participates in this slowest step. The
rate of the reaction depends upon the amount
of [Link] catalysts are not
consumed by the reaction itself, they may be
inhibited, deactivated, or destroyed by
secondary processes.
Types of Catalyst
Depending upon whether a catalyst exists in
the same phase as the substrate catalysts can
be classified as:
1. Homogeneous Catalyst
2. Heterogenous Catalyst
3. Biocatalysts (enzymes) are often seen
as a separate group
Bibliography
• Class XII Chemistry Ncert Book
• Class XII Chemistry Practical Book
• Images from google
• Other sources of information
from wikipedia
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