PEd 101 Final Activity

Activity: Analysis of Developmental Theories

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Strengths and Contributions to the Field of Significance of

Theory Proponent Stages/Key Points Personal Definition
Weaknesses Education Understanding the Theory

Psychoanaly Sigmund -Oral Stage Definition: This theory places Strengths: -Emphasis on -Helps comprehend
tic Theory Freud Birth to around 18 months. a strong emphasis -Emphasis on the understanding individual subconscious influences on
Focus on pleasure-seeking on how early unconscious differences and unique behavior and motivations.
through the mouth. events and mind's influence needs of students.
unconscious on behavior. -Provides insights into the
-Key Points: Dependency, motivations shape -Influence on counseling origins of personality traits
weaning issues, and oral behavior and -Recognition of and guidance techniques and coping mechanisms.
fixation potential. personality. In his the importance of for addressing emotional
- theory, Freud early childhood and behavioral issues in -Offers a foundation for
-Anal Stage Definition: separated the mind experiences. students. therapeutic approaches and
Around 18 months to 3 into three sections: self-reflection.
years. Focus on bowel and the id, ego, and -Contribution to -Recognition of the
bladder control. superego. He the development importance of creating a
- proposed that of therapy supportive and nurturing
-Key Points: Toilet training, unconscious techniques learning environment.
issues of control, and conflicts and (psychoanalysis).
development of orderliness desires had an
or messiness. impact on behavior. Weaknesses:

-Phallic Stage Definition: -Lack of empirical

Around 3 to 6 years. Focus evidence for some
 on the genitals; concepts.
identification with same-
sex parent. -Overemphasis on
sexual and
-Key Points: Oedipus and aggressive drives.
Electra complexes,
resolution of sexual -Difficulty in
desires towards the verification due to
opposite-sex parent. its subjective
nature.
-Latency Stage Definition:
Around 6 years to puberty.
Sexual feelings are
repressed.

-Key Points: Focus on

social and intellectual
skills development, peer
relationships.

-Genital Stage Definition:

Puberty onwards. Focus on
mature sexual interests.

-Key Points: Establishment

of intimate relationships,
continuation of personal
growth.
Cognitive Jean Piaget -Sensorimotor Stage
Piaget's theory is Strengths: -Shaped educational -Guides educators in
Developmen Definition: Birth to 2 years.
concerned with practices by emphasizing tailoring teaching methods
t Understanding the world how people learn to -Systematic the importance of active to different developmental
through senses and motor think and description of learning. stages.
actions. comprehend. He cognitive
postulated that development -Provided insights into -Aids in understanding how
-Key Points: Object children go through stages. creating developmentally children think and learn,
permanence, development several phases of appropriate curricula and informing curriculum
 of coordination and basic cognitive -Influence on teaching methods. design.
concepts. development, each education and
distinguished by understanding of -Advocated for hands-on -Offers strategies to
-Preoperational Stage unique modes of children's and experiential learning to enhance problem-solving
Definition: 2 to 7 years. Use perception and thinking. promote cognitive growth. skills and critical thinking.
of symbols and language thought processes.
to represent objects and -Recognition of
ideas. the active role of
children in their
-Key Points: Egocentrism, own learning.
symbolic thinking, lack of
conservation Weaknesses:
understanding.
-Underestimation
-Concrete Operational of the role of
Stage Definition: 7 to 11 social and cultural
years. Logical thinking influences.
about concrete events and
objects. -Stages might not
apply universally
-Key Points: Conservation to all cultures.
skills, operational thinking,
better problem-solving -Overemphasis on
abilities. cognitive
-Formal Operational Stage processes,
Definition: 11 years neglecting
onwards. Abstract and emotional factors.
hypothetical thinking.

-Key Points: Abstract

reasoning, problem-
solving, hypothetical-
deductive reasoning.
Psychosocial Erik Erikson -Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy) Erikson's theory Strengths: -Emphasis on the role of -Illuminates the impact of
Theory Definition: Birth to 18 places a strong social interactions in social interactions on
months. Developing trust emphasis on how -Emphasis on the learning and development. identity and development.
through consistent care. events and social lifespan
interactions perspective of -Recognition of the -Assists in recognizing and
-Key Points: Building trust, throughout life development. significance of a supportive addressing developmental
confidence, and security. shape a person's social environment in challenges at various life
personality. He -Recognition of education. stages.
-Autonomy vs. Shame and distinguished eight the influence of
Doubt (Toddlerhood) phases of social -Highlighted the importance -Guides educators and
Definition: 18 months to 3 psychological relationships on of addressing identity caregivers in fostering
years. Developing a sense growth, each of development. issues and fostering self- positive self-concept and
of independence. which presents a esteem in educational resilience.
unique conflict or -Acknowledgment settings.
-Key Points: Self-control, difficulty that of the impact of
autonomy, and exploration. people must historical and
overcome in order cultural contexts.
-Initiative vs. Guilt to move on.
(Preschool) Definition: 3 to Weaknesses:
5 years. Exploring and
taking initiative in -Vagueness and
activities. subjectivity in
defining and
-Key Points: measuring stages.
Responsibility,
imagination, and purpose. -Limited empirical
support for the
-Industry vs. Inferiority proposed stages.
(School Age) Definition: 6
to 11 years. Developing -The focus on
competence in tasks and stages might
skills. oversimplify the
complexities of
-Key Points: Competence, development.
mastery, and self-esteem.

-Identity vs. Role

Confusion (Adolescence)
Definition: Adolescence.
Establishing a sense of self
and identity.

-Key Points: Identity

formation, exploration of
values and beliefs.

-Intimacy vs. Isolation

(Young Adulthood)
Definition: Early adulthood.
Forming close
relationships and bonds.

-Key Points: Intimacy,

commitment, and
connection.

-Generativity vs.
Stagnation (Middle
Adulthood) Definition:
Middle adulthood.
Contributing to society and
future generations.

-Key Points:
Productivity, caring for
others, and contributing to
society.

-Integrity vs. Despair (Late

Adulthood) Definition: Late
adulthood. Reflecting on
life and accepting its
meaning.

-Key Points: Wisdom,

 acceptance, and
satisfaction with life.
Sociocultural Lev Vygotsky -Zone of Proximal The significance of Strengths: -Advocated for -Emphasizes the role of
Theory Development (ZPD): The social and cultural collaborative learning social context in learning
gap between a learner's factors on cognitive -Emphasis on environments and peer and cognitive development.
current ability and their development is social and cultural interactions.
potential development with emphasized by influences on -Informs collaborative and
guidance. Vygotsky's theory. learning. -Emphasis on the role of interactive teaching
He suggested that language in cognitive methods for enhanced
-Key Points: Optimal societal -Influence on development, promoting learning.
learning zone, challenges expectations, educational language-rich classrooms.
with support, dynamic cultural resources, practices and -Provides insights into the
growth. and social contact collaborative -Suggested the importance importance of language and
all have a learning of scaffolding and guided culture in education.
-Scaffolding: Providing significant impact approaches. learning to assist students
support and assistance to on how people within their ZPD.
facilitate learning within think and learn. -Highlighting the
the ZPD. role of language
and social
-Gradual support, interaction in
adjustable assistance, development.
fostering independence.
Weaknesses:
-Cultural Tools: Language,
symbols, and social -Lack of specificity
interactions that shape in defining and
cognition and learning measuring the
within a cultural context. ZPD.

-Key Points: Language as a -Cultural bias in

cultural tool, shared assuming the
knowledge, social context universality of
of learning. certain
developmental
processes.
 -Limited
exploration of
biological factors
in development.

Prepared:

KATHRYN ROSE C. ARCHULETA, MAEd

Instructor