Mining Project Key Terms
Volvo Construction Equipment
Mining Equipment
Mining Equipment
Main / Primary Secondary / Supporting
Equipment Equipment
Loading Trucking
Equipment Equipment Excavator
Wheel Loader
Dozer
Excavator Articulated truck Grader
Wheel Loader Rigid truck Compactor
Production fleet meaning Main / Primary equipment
One production fleet consist of 1 Loading machines (Excavator/WLO) and several trucks. Typically
in combination of 1 to 3 unit or 1 to 4 unit depending on mining condition
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Coal Mine – Typical Mining Stages
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Mineral Mining – Typical Mining Stages
Land Clearing
Top Soil removal
Waste Material Removal
Ore Stocking
Mineral Ore
Transporting
Transporting
Port Stock Piling
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Job / Time Schedule Breakdown
Loading unit time breakdown
Calendar hours (A)
Scheduled
Mechanical Scheduled hours (B)
outages
availability
(C)
D/B *100
Available hours (D) Down
Utilization hours
(E)
F/D *100
Operating hours (F ) Non-operating
Effective Working delays ( G )
Time
Working hours ( H ) Operating
H/F *100 delays
Scheduled outages: Down hours:
•Holidays, •Preventive maintenance (oil & grease)
•Planned shutdowns •Unexpected equipment failure
•Scheduled down shifts •Change of consumables (GETs, etc.)
•Unforeseen events (weather, acts of god, etc) •Fuel refill
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Material Density
Base Density kg/m3 Swell Factor
Antracite 1000 – 1200 1.3
Coal Bitumous 800 1.4
Lignite 900 1.4
Sand Dry 1700 1.1
Sand Wet 1900 1.1
Sand Gravel Dry 1700 1.1
Gravel Wet 2000 1.1
Rehandling Crushed Crushed stone 1400-1700 1.7
Blasted Rock Lime Stone 1600 1.6
Granite 1700 1.7
Hematite 2300-3200 1.2
Iron Ore
Limonite 2300-3200 1.7-2.2
Magnetite 2300-3200 1.2
Swell Factor – Change of volume from bank to bucket
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Bucket Fill Factor
• Bucket fill factor is the measurement of how well it is possible to fill
the bucket
• The fill factor has a great impact on overall production (since all
material passes the bucket of the loading tool)
• The rating of a bucket is normally the heaped value
• Excavator bucket are calculated (according to the SAE standard) with
1:1 heap and wheel loader buckets with 2:1
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Example of Bucket Fill Factors
100% 105-110%
-95% 125%
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