Diffusion and Osmosis
The way substances move into and out of cells and organelles
Definition of diffusion
Examples of diffusion
What I need
to know
Definition of Osmosis
How osmosis effects plant and animal
cells.
The cell membrane is the where we begin.
Phospholipid Bilayer
One Layer
One Layer
Function? Selectively permeable barrier.
Outside Cell
Inside Cell
What is meant by selectively permeable?
Some
Outside Cell
Substances
can move
through the
Inside Cell membrane
freely
Free Movement Through the Membrane
• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide
• These substances can move
through the membrane quickly.
• They pass through the Bilayer
freely and easily –This is Diffusion
• Larger molecules like proteins and
glucose pass through more slowly
and require proteins in the
membrane to make channels. This
is facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion in Biology
Diffusion In Biology
Digestion
Small Intestine
Lumen Muscle Layers
Peristalsis
• The movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion- Movement from High to Low
Concentration
Diffusion across the membrane
Diffusion Facts
What is it? The movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
What changes? Molecules will move until there is equal
concentration on both sides of the membrane.
After this, there will still be movement but no change in
concentration.
Diffusion is The cell does not Diffusion happens
PASSIVE use any of its because molecules
energy to make it have their own
happen. kinetic energy.
Most Important
Osmosis-What is this?
• Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
• It involves the movement of water only.
• The movement of water molecules across a
semi-permeable membrane.
• Water will move from an area of high
water concentration to an area of low
water concentration
Osmosis is PASSIVE The cell does not Osmosis is diffusion
use any of its of water across a
energy to make it semi permeable
happen. membrane
Most Important
Water will move
from where there is
a lot of it to where
there is less of it.
Water will move
towards the salt
or the sugar
Remember the Slug and the Salt!
Water continues to move
until equilibrium (balance)
is reached. After this there
is no NET movement-No
real change in water either
side of the membrane.
Osmosis and
Animal cells-
Cytoplasm is
NOT pure
water.
Saline is salt.
When sick you
get a SALINE So a saline drip contains
different salts and water.
drip
This is to ensure there is NO
Net movement of water into
or out of the cell.
More
Concentrated
=Little Water
High Salt or
High Sugar
CRENATION
Less
Concentrated
=High Water
Red Blood cells and more
Concentrated solutions
Crenation
Water Enters Plant by Osmosis
Plant Cells-
Extra Features
– Vacuole
and Cell Wall.
Plant Cells and Osmosis
Cell Wall
• Placed in an Hypertonic Solution
• More Concentrated Solution
• Low Water Concentration
• Water moves out of the Cell vacuole
• There is a NET movement of water molecules out
of the cell.
Cytoplasm
• Vacuole and cytoplasm lose water.
• The cell is no longer turgid-Flaccid Cell Membrane
• When most plant cells are flaccid-the plant wilts.
Plant Cells and Osmosis
• Plasmolysis can be reversed by immersing
cells in a hypotonic solution.
• Low Solute concentration.
• Distilled water.
Plant Cells and Osmosis Cell Wall
• Placed in an Hypotonic Solution
• Less Concentrated Solution
• High Water / Low Solute Concentration
• Water moves into the Cell by Osmosis vacuole
(contains cell sap)
• There is a NET movement of water molecules into the
cell.
• The water enters the vacuole-it swells, pushing the
contents of the cell against the cell wall.
Cytoplasm
• The cell is said to be Turgid.
Cell Membrane
• The cell wall prevents the cell from bursting.
Plant Cells -Turgor Pressure
• The pressure exerted by the cell
contents pushing against the cell
wall.
• Keeps plants upright.
• Loss of turgor pressure-cell
becomes flaccid.
• Plant cells maintain turgor
pressure by taking in as much
water as they lose
Active Transport
Not Passive-Cell must use energy.
• This is the movement of substances from areas of low concentration to high
concentration.
• This movement is against a concentration gradient.
High Concentration
• Active Transport uses ATP as the energy source.
• Cellular Respiration provides the ATP.
Low Concentration
Active Transport
The Movement of molecules from
area of low concentration to area of high concentration.
This requires energy-ATP
Energy must be supplied
Active Transport
Not Passive-Cell must use energy.
• Example
• Glucose is actively transported out of the nephrons in the kidneys.
Diffusion
How did we
Osmosis
do? Osmosis in Animal cells
Osmosis in Plant cells
