Transport Challenge

25/10/2024 |
Map
Zoning

Proposed Zoning Plan:

• Zone 1: Manchester City Centre and its surroundings (High-density commercial, retail, and cultural
areas)

• Zone 2: Heaton Park and surrounding residential areas (Green space, residential)

• Zone 3: Boggart Hole Clough and surrounding residential areas (Green space, residential)

• Zone 4: Prestwich area (Predominantly suburban residential with some commercial)

• Zone 5: Cheetham Hill area (Residential with commercial hubs)

• Zone 6: East Manchester (Residential and industrial)

• Zone 7: Southern Salford (Mixed-use area: residential, industrial)

• Zone 8: Higher Blackley (Residential, educational institutions)

• Zone 9: West Gorton (Residential with pockets of commercial activity)

• Zone 10: Openshaw (Residential with light industrial zones)

Study Area
Justification for the Choice of Zoning:

1. Zone 1: The City of Manchester

In fact, Manchester's internal zone is saturated with many commercial, retail and cultural activities. It is also the main
contributor of trips generated in the region hence has a different land usage pattern and is also surrounded by areas
with high density of population which generates more trips.

2. Zone 2: Heaton Park

This zone encompasses Heaton Park, one of Europe's largest city parks and therefore very much a leisure magnet.
Most of the rest is residential use which somewhat balances trip generation (which is mainly residential) and trip
attraction (mainly recreational).

3. Zone 3: Boggart Hole Clough

Boggart Hole Clough is a huge green area and a nature reserve that acts as a recreational draw just as in Zone 2. The
colliery areas are mostly residential making the zone land use balanced.

4. Zone 4: Prestwich

Prestwich is a suburb where predominate lower density residential settlements exist as opposed to the city center. The
fractional commercial centers are less expansive and mainly cater for the people residing within the vicinity. The zone
has been delineated due to high residential properties in the area.

5. Zone 5: Cheetham Hill

Cheetham Hill is mainly a high rise residential estate interspersed with commercial buildings. It is an active zone with
mixed uses that include retail and cultural activities resulting in high trip making and attracting.

6. Zone 6: East Manchester

This zone entails both residential and industrial land uses. The unique feature of this zone is that it has some elements
of employment and housing in the same area which is different from the other zones that are entirely residential.

7. Zone 7: Southern Salford

An unzoned area with some industrial activities and apartments of moderate concentration. It is a high

tripper area as it is well-connected to road transport and industrial regions.

8. Zone 8: Higher Blackley

Higher Blackley tends to be residential with few schools or shops. Area has a large number of homes along

with education facilities therefore it serves more as a trip-generating zone.

9. Zone 9: West Gorton

This area consists of homes along with some retail parks and a few pockets of land with industries. Its trip

attraction is mainly because of the trips made by within-district workers, shoppers, and students.

10. Zone 10: Openshaw

Openshaw is a mainly residential zone interspersed with low-intensity industrial estates. It has a trip

generation as a result of residential activities, which also results in trip attraction due to industrial jobs.
 Identifying trip producers and attractors
Utilizing the zoning that has been incorporated and land use analysis in the Manchester region, the following
highlights the most significant trip producers and attactors for each of the zones:

Zone 1: City Centre of Manchester

Trip Producers:

Residential Zones: generally apartments and High rise flats

Commercial Zones: Offices and other business regions like Spinningfields and northern quarter

Trip Attractors:

Key retail facilities (like the Manchester Arndale)

Historical buildings (Manchester Art Gallery, The Royal Exchange Theatre)

Rail transport hubs (Manchester Piccadilly, Victoria Station)

Institutions of higher learning (University of Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan University)

Characteristics of Trips: Work trips, shopping, education and leisure. A lot of movement is registered
during the day because of the many attractors and producers present

Zone2: Heaton park

Trip Producers:

Residential areas around the Heaton Park region populous ‘suburbia’

Trip Attractors:

Heaton Park a sizeable expanse of green land available for free play and other activities

Housing and other leisure properties

Characteristics of Trips:

More of leisure and recreational trips. More common are weekend and evening trips also daily commutes to
and from work or other places within the residential areas near that zone.
Zone 3: Boggart Hole Clough

Trip Producers:

Residential blocks located outside the park

Trip Attractors:

Boggart Hole Clough- a public park

Schools and social facilities- community houses

Characteristics of Trips:

Almost the same as Zone two, albeit concentrating mostly on leisure travel and outings accompanied by
family members as well as day to day movement to and fro work or school.

Zone 4: Prestwich

Trip Producers:

Areas with family homes (detached and semi-detached houses)

Trip Attractors:

Community shopping malls Schools, clinics

Characteristics of Trips:

These trips are primarily residential with relatively large share of school and shopping trips. Wearing
suburban characteristics but with less concentrated and lower levels of trips as compared to the center.

Zone 5: Cheetham Hill

Trip Producers:

Compact household units built with little space in between them and close to each other. Commercial and
retail areas, Cheetham Hill Road.

Trip Attractors:

Shopping zones within Cheetham Hill region Cultural and religious centres structures for mosques temples
etc.

Characteristics of Trips:

A significant proportion of these are shopping trips and also those for visiting places of worship as well as
those for residential purposes. During this time, shopping congestion tends to get elevated.
Zone 6: East Manchester

Trip Producers:

Residential zones - consists of a mix of medium- and high density residential buildings Industrial areas -
includes mainly light industries such as manufacturing

Trip Attractors:

Manchester Etihad Stadium - This includes sporting fixtures, concerts and other forms of entertainment
Tourist attractions such as large scale industrial and commercial agglomerations

Characteristics of Trips:

A blend of residential housing and commuting to work in factories. When events such as matches or
concerts are taking place, there is high traffic Associated with the Changing of Trip Volumes Characteristics.

Zone 7: Southern Salford

Trip Producers:

Low rise construction – the area is residential (medium density housing) industrial zone

Trip Attractors:

Job centres in the inside of Manchester Employment hubs located at Salford Quays and The Lowry which
offer both work and pleasure

Characteristics of Trips:

These are predominantly purpose trips in connection with work with a few leisure trips to Salford Quays
and cultural places around the area.

Zone 8: Upper Blackley

Trip Generators:

Detailed, high-quality suburban housing construction

Educational establishments

Trip Attractions:

Neighborhood malls

Educational establishments
Trip characterestic:

Residential commuting and trips related to schooling are

dominant. Overall traffic is at low density, though it is concentrated during the morning and the

evening commute.

Zone 9: West Gorton

Trip Generators:

Low to medium Density Residential areas

Trip Attractions:

Local retail and community services – Non Central Employment

Characteristics of Trips:

This zone is highly residential and dominated by commuting. There is

however some retail related patter of movement but it is not as heavy as in other zones for

instance Cheetham Hill.

Zone 10: Openshaw

Trip Generators:

House Areas

Light industry regions

Trip Attractions:

Industries providing jobs in the area

Schools and small business areas

Characteristics of Trips:

This area normal experiences a combination of trips for resident

commuting and trips aimed at different industrial work sites in the region. This area experiences

moderate amount of vehicular movements on a daily basis with the movements being heavily work-

commuting and school-going in nature.

Trip Distribution

Estimated OD Matrix:
Below is an OD matrix for the study area. The rows represent the origin zones (where trips start), and the
columns represent the destination zones (where trips end). The values reflect the estimated number of trips
between the zones.

From/To Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Zone 1 500 300 200 250 400 600 150 150 200 250 3000
Zone 2 300 500 150 100 200 100 150 100 150 200 2000
Zone 3 200 150 400 150 200 200 100 100 100 100 1700
Zone 4 250 100 150 500 200 200 150 100 150 150 1950
Zone 5 400 200 200 200 500 300 150 150 200 200 2500
Zone 6 600 100 200 200 300 500 100 100 150 200 2450
Zone 7 150 150 100 150 150 100 400 100 100 100 1600
Zone 8 150 100 100 100 150 100 100 400 150 150 1500
Zone 9 200 150 100 150 200 150 100 150 400 150 1750
Zone 10 250 200 100 150 200 200 100 150 150 500 2000
Total 3000 2000 1700 1950 2500 2450 1600 1500 1750 2000 20000
Explanation of Distribution:

1. Zone 1 (City Centre Manchester):

o This zone is characterized by the existence of many trip attractors in commercial centres, universities, and
transportation systems. Thus, most trips from all the zones are, therefore, concentrated in zone one.

o Zone one also has a residential population which also generates trips but to a lesser extent than it is
attracted.

2. Zone 2 (Heaton Park):

o A smaller number of trips are produced in this zone as it is mostly a sparsely populated residential area.

o People visit zone two for leisure purposes but moderate number of trips to this zone are leisure based due
to the existence of Heaton Park which is attractive to zone visitors.

3. Zone 3 (Boggart Hole Clough):

o Same as zone two, this zone is also a leisure and residential zone hence very few movements are produced
and also attracted mostly from the surrounding zones to this zone.

4. Zone 4 (Prestwich):

o Most trips in Prestwich zone are derived from the residential zones and brought in for the purpose of sub-
urban services, however due to the lower density, not many trips are made in cause of these zones compared
to others such zone 1 and 5 which are larger yet congested.

5. Zone 5 (Cheetham Hill):

o This region is under consideration for both production and attraction of trips thanks to the crowded
population of houses and their commercial centres especially in retailing and cultural activities.

6. Zone 6 (East Manchester):

o This part of the region has features such as the Etihad Stadium, which is incorporated in the zone and also
generates trips during events it hosts, though the zone itself also has residents who produce trips themselves.

7. Zone 7 (Southern Salford):

o In Southern Salford more trips are produced than attracted because it is predominantly a residential and
industrial zone, however there are some employment opportunities in the vicinity which moderate the trip
attraction. Trips are neither produced nor attracted since it is not commercially active.
8. Zone 8 (Higher Blackley):

o Being mainly residential development, this zone creates more trips than it attracts, more so, work and
education related

9. West Gorton Zone 9:

o As Zone 8, West Gorton is a residential area within which, she causes more trips than gets, the cause
being the distance from the city center among other factors.

10. Zone 10: Openshaw:

This zone is a pull zone for industrial and residential trips due to the presence of small scale industries and
medium size flats.
Modal Split
Based on typical travel patterns in urban areas of the UK, including Manchester, trips are generally divided
between various modes of transport such as cars, buses, walking, cycling, and trains. Each mode has its
specific share depending on factors like availability of public transport, distances between zones, and the
infrastructure for walking and cycling.

Percentage Share for Each Mode of Travel:

The suggested modal split for the study area is based on the following modes of travel:
1. Car: 45%
2. Bus: 25%
3. Walking: 15%
4. Cycling: 5%
5. Train/Tram: 8%
6. Other (e.g., taxi, rideshare, etc.): 2%

Justification for Each Mode of Travel:

1. Car (45%):
Justification: In several geographical locations of the UK including London, cars remain the preferred
mode of transport, especially where the reason for the journey involves travelling from a suburb to the
central zone, which is Zone 1. A very high percentage of trips made on occasion is due to the presence of
great road infrastructure, and also, the fact that it is fairly simple to own a car in the UK.
Scenario: In zones such as 2 (Heaton Park) and 5 (Cheetham Hill), which may not have as much provision
for public transport, a significant number of its residents depend on the use of personal vehicles for purposes
such as going to work or any shopping assists or services.

2. Bus (25%):
Justification: The layout is coherent with the behaviour of a commuting population, especially the one that
resides beyond the close proximity of commercial and work zones, and takes medium distance journeys. The
bus network in Manchester is quite extensive and the coverage is particularly good in areas such as zone 6
(East Manchester) and zone 5 (Cheetham Hill) thus people prefer buses.
Scenario: Most of the inhabitants of Zone 4 (Prestwich) and Zone 6 (East Manchester) who have very few
train or tram services available to them may opt for buses instead to the central business district or other
places of employment.
3.Walking (15%):
Justification: The percentage of trips made by individuals who make short but frequent such trips increases
greatly. Within the same zone, where most of the distance activity occurs, and between zones that adjoin
such a zone, many people go on foot to work, to shop or to do any other business.
Scenario: In the central zone (1) and in the vicinity of attractive places (for example, universities or
shopping places), a significant share of trips covering a short distance (less than 2 miles) is made walking.

4.Cycling (5%):
Justification: The city of Manchester is improving its infrastucture by introducing dedicated
cycle lanes but even so, cycling still accounts for a small share of trips made. This has been
influenced by many issues such as the weather and the existing level of provision.
Scenario: Residents situated in Zones 3 (Boggart Hole Clough) and 6 (East Manchester) being
very close to sections of a very moderate cycling infrastructure may have an inclination of
moving by bicycles to short distances and engaging in cycling for leisure activities.

5. Train/Tram (8%):
Justification: The use of Trains and trams is prevalent in medium to large travels like
commuters in particular who work in the city but reside in other concentric zones. The
Metrolink tram system of Greater Manchester, carries a high percentage of the traffica nd
especially in the outer areas of the city.

Scenario: While all the Zones like 1 (Manchester City Centre) and 6 (East Manchester) are
trading or commercial activities zones whereby many people tend to have access these
networks of either tram or train and large numbers of them engage in this job to go to active
workplaces.

6. Other Modes (2%):

Justification: This includes taxi, ride-sharing and other less frequent means of transport.
These modes are often appropriate for certain use cases, such as traveling deep into the night
or making trips for an individual with no car or public transportation.

Scenario:
There tends to be more use of rideshares and taxis in zones with low levels of public transport accessibility
or for trips where special activities like going late at night are involved especially in zones 1 and 5.
Trip Assignment

Identifying Major Roads in the Study Area

In the study area, the key major roads connecting the zones and facilitating most trips include:

1. M60 Motorway: Encircles much of Greater Manchester and is the primary road for inter-zonal car
travel.

2. A56 Road: Runs north-south through Prestwich and Cheetham Hill, connecting Zones 1, 4, and 5 to
the M60.

3. A576 Road: A major route passing through Zone 4 (Prestwich) and connecting to other roads like the
A56.

4. Bury New Road (A56): One of the busiest roads in and out of Manchester city center, connecting
Zones 1 and 5 to Zones 3, 4, and 6.

5. A665 Cheetham Hill Road: Links Zone 5 (Cheetham Hill) directly to the city center (Zone 1).

6. Oldham Road (A62): Major road linking Zone 6 (East Manchester) with the city center (Zone 1).
Traffic Flow on Major Roads
Based on the modal split, we will now estimate the number of vehicles on each major road for each mode of
travel. The 10,000 trips are distributed across various modes, and the flow on these roads reflects this
distribution.

Total Vehicle Car Bus Walking Cycling Train/Tram Other

Road
Trips (45%) (25%) (15%) (5%) (8%) (2%)

M60 Motorway 4,500 3,200 800 - 200 - 300

A56 (Prestwich -
3,000 1,800 700 300 150 - 50
City)

A576 (Prestwich -
2,500 1,300 600 300 100 - 200
Cheetham)

A665 (Cheetham
2,000 1,000 500 200 150 - 150
Hill Road)

A62 (Oldham
3,000 1,700 600 400 200 - 100
Road)

Bury New Road 4,000 2,500 1,000 200 100 - 200

Major Roads Traffic Flow Analysis

M60 (Zone 5 Ring Road)

As shown in figure above:

Car (45% of trips): With 4,500 vehicles/day: Being a major ring road around Manchester, this road witnesses
heavy car flow of traffic mainly serving as a bypass for as well as distributing traffic within different zones.

Bus: Bus traffic is minimal due to the more central/trunk focused routes taken by buses.

Cycling: Very few would be cyclists as the M60 is very unaccommodating for cyclists.
A56 (Bury New Road)

Car: 2,250 vehicles per day. This road serves a predominantly residential and commercial area connecting
Zone 4 and Zone 5 with the city center.

Bus (25% of trips) 1,200 buses a day.

Cyclists:300 bicycles daily: The two-way orientation of the road allows for fullt support of cycling within
proximity of the city centre but walks are less to the suburbs.

Pedestrian: Two zones. about one thousand pedestrians daily. Most of whom are located near the retail and
service provisions located in the Zonal area one.

A665 (Cheetham Hill Road)

Car:1800 vehicles per day. Euro, a direct quick route bypassing the car filled zones five and six to the city
center. Public disorder includes cars and other motor vehicles as well as public transport.

Bus: 2500 buses a day. One boom bus corridor which covers a vast area but has very high passenger traffic
demand.

Cycling: about 400 bicycles a day. There's a lot in the way of cycling along this particular road especially
towards the city center.

Pedestrian: about 1500 pedestrians a day. The road also allows for high levels of pedestrian traffic
especially in areas with a lot of business activities.

A62 (Oldham Road)

Car: 1350 vehicles per day. A major link from zones 3 and 6 to the city center.

Bus: 1000 buses a day. Fairly busy bus services catering for commuters from the north eastern zones

Cycling: about 300 bicycles a day. Much like the A56, cycling seems to be more popular round the city
center.
Pedestrian congestion: approximately 1000 pedestrians per day. There is more pedestrian traffic towards the
edge of the retail and business areas.

A576 (Middleton Road)

Vehicles:1,100 vehicles/day

Somewhat less busier than others as this road connects Zone 2 and Zone 3 to the city centre.

Public Transport:

500 buses/day

Fair share of bus use for people commuting to their residences.

Cycling:

100 bikes/day

Very little cycling given that the vehicles are more than the other means of transport.

Feet Traffic: ~800 foot traffic per day

Low footfall in the area except for around the fast food joint and some schools within the locality.
Traffic Flow by Mode of Travel
Using the modal split percentages calculated earlier, we can categorize the flow on each major road by
different modes of travel:

Car (45%) - Motor vehicles, especially on M60 and A56 which are the main routes into and out of
the city dominate the traffic. Other places like Bury New Road and Oldham Road remain highly congested
by cars.

Bus (25%) - The bus service is more prevalent in areas characterized by heavy population such as
roads A665 Cheetham Hill Road and A62 Oldham Road. These roads link’s the metropolitan center to the
suburbs.

Willingness to walk (15%) – In zone one or closer to the city, walking is encouraged. Walkers do
not contribute directly to vehicle traffic, but a664 and a62 can be said to be full of people for they have
commercial activities and public transport services around.

Cycling 5%. There is a rise in the number of people who cycle, but still it is on a low scale. Bury
New Road and Cheetham Hill Road have moderate levels of cycling activity due to supportive
infrastructure.

Train/Tram (8%): Additional indirect traffic can be anticipated along A62, along with A56, as trotro
and train passengers access nearby stations . Direct traffic as a result of the tram or train services is not
accounted for in this regard.

Other (2%) - In this section include services such as taxis and ride sharing, which but are usually
limited to the city center and the outer areas since such residents may not be car owners but they need
mobility on quick notice.
Justification for Route Choices:

1. Car Usage: Arterial roads are the M60 or A56 car drivers are likely to utilize. The M60 is a ring road that
facilitates movement of cars around the center of the city. This road helps reach any target areas of interest
with quite ease, which makes it very popular for driving vehicles.

2. Buses: Public means of transport especially buses are highly available along the A665 and A62 bus routes
serving high density suburban areas zones 5 and 6 and the Manchester City Centre respectively. Also, these
routes have a good bus service hence they are major transit areas.

3. Walking and cycling: Due to the numerous shops, office buildings and social amenities, walking and
cycling is highly embraced on the short distances which mostly lie in zone one. As a result, there is a lot of
pedestrian and cycling activity on streets A665 and Bury New Road.

4. Trains and Trams: Though not specifically included in road traffic, the psyche of passenger rail and
tramway services creates more road traffic near the stations. This is true most especially on the sections of
roads along A62 and Bury New Road.