Coeleterata

Character Porifera Ctenophora Platyhemntes Aschelminthes Annelida Arthopoda Mollusca Echinodermata Hemichordata
(Cnederia)
Level of Organ Organ Organ
Cellular level Tissue level Tissue level Organ level Organ system Organ system Organ system
organisations system system system
Germ layer Diploblastic Diploblastic Diploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic
Tube within Tube within Tube within Tube within Tube within Tube within
Body plane Cellular Blind sac Blind sac Blind sac tube tube tube tube tube tube
Protostome Protostome Protostome Protostome Deuterostome Deuterostome
Acoelomates
Pseudo Schizo Schizo Schizo
Coelom Absent Acoelomates Acoelomates Solid Entero coelom Entero coelom
coelomates coelom coelom coelom
Mesoderm
Larva Bilateral
Radial Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral symmetry Bilateral
Symmetry Asymmetrical Radial symmetry
symmetry symmetry symmetry symmetry symmetry symmetry Adult Radial symmetry
symmetry
Present
Absent
Metameric
Body divided
Three Body divided
Present into Head
Segmentation Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent divisions Absent into Probosis,
Metameric Visceral
Head Collar, Trunk
Hump
Thorax
Muscular foot
Abdomen
Stomochord
Notochord Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Ectodermal
origin
Aquatic Free living
Aquatic both
Mostly Marine Mostly Terrestrial Aquatic Marine Aquatic both
Marine and
Sponge are Marine Exclusively aquatic free Terrestrial Fresh water Marine and Exclusively Exclusively
Habitat fresh water
fresh water Sessile and Marine living Parasite on Land and fresh water Marine Marine
Free living
Sessile Free Endoparasite plant and Air Terrestrial
and parasite
swimming Animal
Endoskeleton Coral have Longitudinal
Calcerous
Skeleton Spicule and Calcium and Circular Chitinous Calcerous
Endoskeleton
spongin fibre Carbonate Muscle
Complete Complete
Incomplete
Well developed Extracellular
Absent both Incomplete Complete
Digestive Incomplete Muscular Complete Complete Mouth lower Complete
Intracellular Intracellular Both Extracellular Extracellular
system Extracellular Pharynx Extracellular Extracellular ventral and Extracellular
digestion or and Intracellular Digestion
Extracellular Anus upper
Extracellular
Digestion dorsal
Gills Prawn
Book Lung
Ctenedia
Scorpion
Aquatic
Absent and Spider Tube feet
Respiratory Lung
Absent Absent Absent Absent Absentees Parapodia in Book Gills Water vascular Gills
system Terrestrial
Neris Limulus and system
Feather like
King Crab
gills
Tracheal
Insect
Closed
Except Open in non
Open
Circulatory Hirudinarin cephalo poda
Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Colourless Open Open
system (Blood Closed in
Blood
sucking cephalo poda
Leech)
Green
Gland or
Antennary
Flame Cell or Gland in
Proto Nephridia Prawn Gills
Absent
Excretory Absent nephridia help Cenett cell also help in Malphigian Bojanus
Absent Absent Water vascular Probosis Gland
system Amnotelic in Excretion Excretory tube Osmo tubule in Gland
system helps
and Osmo Regulations Insect
regulations Coaxial
Gland in
Spider and
Scorpion
 Paired Two nerve cord
First time Nerve Ring
Dorso ventral Ganglia Simple one ventral one
Nervous Apolar Double Simple Brain
Absent Diffuse type Ladder like solid nerve cord Double Ganglionic dorsal
system Neurone ventral solid less
Nerve Ring ventral solid Present Collar
develop nerve cord
nerve cord region
Neris
Hermaphrodite Both Unisexual
Sex Unisexual Mostly
Bisexual Unisexual Bisexual Bisexual Earthworm Unisexual Unisexual Unisexual
Character Dioecious Unisexual
Monoecious and Bisexual and Leech
are Bisexual
*Asexually
Fragmentation Sexual and
Both Sexual Both Sexual
Reproduction *Sexually Only Sexual Sexual Sexual Pertheno Sexual Sexual Sexual
and Asexual and Asexual
Gamete genesis
formation
Both
Both Internal Internal and Both Internal
Fertilisation Internal External and External Internal Internal External External
and External Oviparous and External
Internal
Direct Direct and
Direct Except Both Direct
Development Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect And indirect Indirect Indirect
Neris Indirect and indirect
Indirect Oviparous
*Gastro
vascular
cavity with
single
opening
mouth
Hypostome
* Two form *Second
Polyp ( largest
sessile, phylum
cylindrical, *Between
e.g. Hydra, *Endo Mantle and
Adamsia) Parasite have Visceral
*Commonly
and Medusa sucker and Hump Mantle * Water
known as Sea
( Swimming, hook and *Male and *Largest Cavity vascular system
walnuts or Comb *Earlier
*Water canal umbrella directly Female are Phylum over present helps in
jelly consider as
system shaped e.g. absorbed distinct Female animal *Mantle Locomotion
* Tentacle *Metameric phylum of
*Primitive Aurellia or nutrient are longer than kingdom Cavity have Respiration
present but segmentation Chordata
multicellular Jelly fish through body male *Two thirds Feather like Circulation
Special Cnedoblast cell present *Rudimentary
animal * Obelia *Planaria *Male terminal of named Gills Excretion
points absent *Neris structure
* Choanocyte show have High is curved and species are *Gills help in Digestion
* Eight External posses *Consist of
cell present Metagenesis Regeneration female terminal Arthopoda Excretion Capture and
Comb plate help Parapodia Worm like
Flagellated. *Polyp from capacity is straight *Cockroach and transport of
in Locomotion Marine
Medusae *Dorso *Male have are pauro Respiration food
organisms
Asexually ventrally clocae metabolus *Sensory * Spiny Body
*Bioluminescence
and Flattened Tentacles
property show
Medusae body so called present at
form Polyp Flat worm Anterior head
Sexually *Mouth have
* Cnedoblast file like
cell present rasping
on Tentacles organ Radula
and Body for
stinging,
capture of
food and
anchorage

*Physalia *Ascaris * Asterias (Star

*Taenia *Pila (Apple
(Portuguese (Round worm) fish)
*Sycon (Tape worn) snail)
man of war) Monogenetic *Neris (Sand * Echinus (Sea
(Scypha) Digenic *Pinctada
*Adamsia Human host worm) urchin)
* Spongilla Human(pri.) (Pearl oyster)
(sea *Wuchereria *Pheretma * Antedon (Sea
(Fresh water Pleurobrachia Pig (Sec.) *Economical *Sepia *Balanoglossus
Example anemone) (Filarial worm) (Earthworm) lily)
sponge) Ctenoplana *Fasciola Apis (Cattle fish) *Saccoglossus
*Pennatula Digenic *Hirudina * Cucumaria
* Euspongia (Liver fluke) *Loligo
( Sea pen ) Human (pri.) (Blood (Sea cucumber)
( Bath Sheep (Pri.) (Squid)
*Gorgonia Culex(sec.) sucking * Ophiura
sponge) Snail (sec.) *Octopus
( Sea fan ) *Ancylostoma Leech) (Brittle star)
*Planaria (Devil fish)
*Meandrina (Hook worm)
 ( Brain coral) Monogenetic * Aplysia
• Hydra Human host (Sea hare)
* Dentalium
(Tusk shell)
*
Chaetopleura
(Chiton)

❖ Phylum-Chordata :
• Organ system level of organisations.
• Triploblastic.
• Tube within tube, Deuterostome.
• Entero coelom.
• Bilateral symmetry.
• Dorsal Hollow nerve chord.
• Paired Pharyngeal gill slits.
• Nerve cord present Ectodermal origin, Dorsal and single Hollow.
• Notochord Mesodermal origin, solid , elastic, rod-like, present between Nerve cord and
Elementary canal.
• In vertebrate Notochord replaced by Vertebral column.
• Post Anal Tail .
• Closed circulatory system.

Chordata Non-Chordata

Notochord present Notochord Absent

Central nervous system Dorsal, hollow, single Central nervous system ventral, solid, double

Pharynx perforated by gill slits Gill slits are absent

Heart is ventral Heart is dorsal if present

Post anal part tail present Post anal part absent

 Chordata

Protochordata (Acraniata) brain box Absent Eurochordata (Craniata) Brain box present

Vertebrata
Uro-Chordata (Tunicata) Cephalochordata

Agnatha (Lacks jaw) Gnathostomata (Bear Jaw)

Cylostomata

Pisces ( Bear Fins)

Tetrapoda (bears limb)

1. Chondricthis. 1. Amphibia
2. Ostricthis. 2. Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

Uro-Chordata Cephalochordata
Notochord present only in tail of larva Notochord present throughout life
Body is covered with tunic made up off
No tunicin
Cellulose
Respiration by Pharyngeal gill Respiration by general body surface
Circulation is open Circulation is closed
Excretion by neural gland Excretion by solenocytes
Hermaphrodite Hermaphrodite
Development indirect Development indirect
Retrogressive Metamorphosis. Larva
Progressive metamorphosis. Adult advance
Advance
Ex. Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum, Ex. Branchiostoma (Amphioxus or Lencelet)
❖ Sub-phylum vertebrata:
• Notochord present in embryonic stage but it’s replaced by Vertebral column in Adult.
• Character same with Chordata.
• Muscular Heart.
• Kidney for Excretion and osmoregulation.
• Paired appendage may be fins or limbs.

❖ Class- Cyclostomata:
• Jaw less vertebrate.
• Sucking and Circular mouth.
• Marine and fresh water.
• All living members are Ectoparasite on some bony fish.
• Body is without scales and paired appendages.
• 6-15 paired gills slits.
• Closed circulatory system.
• Stomach is absent
• Cranium and Vertebral column are cartilaginous.
• Adult move to fresh water from Marine water for swamping . After swamping adult die
and larva came in ocean after metamorphosis it’s called Andromous migration.
• Ex. Petromyzon (Lamprey);
Myxine (Hag fish ).

❖ Super Class- Pisces:

• All are Aquatic and streamline body.
• Scales and fins are present.
• Nictitating membrane are present on eye.
• Two chamber heart.
• Gills are present.
• Mesonephric kidney.
• Amnotelic.
• 10 paired of cranial nerve.
• Monocondylic skull.
 Class- Chondricthis Class- Ostricthis
Cartilaginous endoskeleton Bony endoskeleton
Marine Fresh water and Marine both
Notochord replaced by Vertebral
Notochord present throughout life
column
Placoid scales , modified to teeth and
Cycloid or ctenoid scales present
backwardly directed
Powerful jaw Not so powerful
Predacious Not predacious
Mouth ventrally Mouth terminal
Caudal fins are heterocercal Caudal fins are homocercal
Gills without operculum (cover) Gills have operculum
Air bladder absent so continuously
Air bladder present give bouncy
swim
2-chambered heart except lung fish (3-
2-chambered heart
chambered)
Sexes are separated Sexes are separated
Internal fertilisation External fertilisation
Development direct Development direct
Viviparous Oviparous
Poikilothermic not regulate body Poikilothermic not regulate body
temperature temperature
Male pelvic fins clasper No clasper
Ex. Marine:
Exocoetus (Flying fish)
Hippocampus (Sea horse)
Ex. Scoliodon (Dog fish)
Fresh water
Pristis (saw fish)
Labeo (Rohu)
Trygon (string ray)
Catla (Katla)
Torpedo (electric ray)
Clarias (Magur)
Carcharodon ( great white shark),
Aquarium
Betta (Fighting fish)
Pterophyllum (Angle fish)
 ❖ Super class – Tetrapoda:

Character Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia

Aquatic as well as Mostly terrestrial and
Habitat Mostly terrestrial Terrestrial
terrestrial some are aquatic
Body is covered by
Skin is moist without Epidermal scales or Ossified and
Exoskeleton Fully ossified
scales sctues. Dry or cartilaginous
cornified skin
Skull Dicondylic Monocondylic Monocondylic Dicondylic
Amnion Anamniotic Amniotic Amniotic Amniotic
Ear Tympanum Tympanum Ear opening present Pinna external ear
Cranial nerve 10 pairs 12 pairs 12 pairs 12 pairs
Skin, Gills, lungs ,
Respiration Lung Lung Lungs
buccopharyngeal
3 chamber heart
3 chamber heart except crocodile 4 4 chamber heart 4 chamber heart
Circulation
mixed Circulation chamber Double Circulation double Circulation
Mixed Circulation
Excretion Mesonephric kidney Metanephric kidney Metanephric kidney Metanephric kidney
Renal portal system Present Absent Absent Absent
Hepatic portal
Present Present Present Present
system
Hypophyseal portal
Present Present Present Present
system
Body temperature Poikilothermic Homoeothermic Homoeothermic Homoeothermic
Fertilisation External Internal Internal Internal
Development Indirect Direct Direct Direct
Viviparous
Progeny Oviparous Oviparous Oviparous Except Platypus
(Ornythorynchus)
* Beak present
without teeth
* Fly except Ostrich
*Tadpole larva
* Fore limbs modified
*Body divided into
to wings
Head and trunk * Mammary gland
*Creeping or crawling * Long bone have air
*Eye have eye lids present.
mode of Locomotion cavity (pneumatic)
Points *Alimentary canal, * Skin posseing hair.
*Snake and lizard are * Digestive tract have
urinary and * Different types of
shed their skin. crop and gizzard.
reproductive tract teeth.
*Air sac connect to
open common
Lung.
passage clocae.
* They have no gland
except oil gland at the
base of tail.
 Chelone (Turtle)
Testudo (Tortoise)
Chameleon (Tree
lizard) Corvus (Crow)
Bufo (Toad)
Calotes (Garden Columba (Pigeon) Macropus (Kangaroo)
Rana (Frog)
lizard) Psittacula (Parrot) Pteropus (Flying fox)
Hyla (Tree frog)
Crocodilus (Crocodile) Struthio (Ostrich) Macaca (Monkey)
Example Salamander
Alligator Pavo (Peacock) Rattus (Rat)
Icthyophis (Limb less
Hemiductylus (wall Aptenodytes Balaenoptera (Blue
Amphibia)
lizard) (Penguin) whale)
Poisonous snake Neophron (Vulture)
Naja (Cobra)
Bangarus (Krait)
Vipera (Viper)