DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Logic Design & Switching Theory
Course Code: CS-251
Semester: Spring 2020
Teacher Name: Talha Akhtar
Course Contents
Introduction of Subject
1. Digital fundamentals and Analog Quantities
2. Basic Logic Function & Boolean Algebra
3. Numbers Systems, Operations and Codes
4. Logic Gates
5. Fundamental Theorems of Boolean Algebra
6. Minimization of Boolean Functions
7. Karnaugh map
8. Simplification of Boolean Functions, POS
9. Function of Combinational Logic
10.Latshes, Flip-Flops, and Timmer
Introduction
The term digital is derived from the way operations are performed, by counting
digits.
Today Digital technology is applied in many areas of our industry such as
Television
communication system
Radar
navigation
guidance system
military system
medical instrumentation
industrial process control
consumer electronics
use digital techniques
Introduction
Over the years digital technology has progressed from vacuum tube
circuits to discrete transistor to complex integrated circuit man of
millions of transistors and many of which are programmable.
Digital and Analog Quantities
Analog
Analog electronic devices work on continuous value
Most things that can be measured quantities occur in nature in
analog form.
Temperature is vary from 10 C to – 10 C
Variation in speed , volume, velocity, sound
Example Analog System
Microphone and converted to a small voltage called the audio
signal.
This voltage varies continuously as the volume and frequency of
sound changes and is applied of a linear amplifier
The amplifier which is an increased reproduction of input voltage,
goes to speaker.
Example Analog System
Digital and Analog Quantities
Digital
Digital electronic devices work on discrete values
The values are 0 and 1
0 is off or Zero voltage
1 is on High voltage
This is also known as binary digit.
Example Digital System
A compact CD player is an example
A laser diode optical system pick up the digital data from the
rotating disk and transfer it to digital to analog converter (DAC).
The DAC changes the digital data into an analog signal that is
electrical reproduction of the original music.
The signal is amplified and sent to speaker
In case of writing data in CD the reverse process to analog to digital
(ADC) is applied.
Example Digital System
Advantages of Digital
Digital data can be processed and transmitted more efficiently and
reliable than analog
Digital data has great advantage when storage is necessary
Music when converted to digital form can be stored compactly and
reproduced with greater accuracy and clarity than is possible when
it in analog form.
Mechatronics
Most home appliances of both mechanical and electronic
components
Washing machine in term of water flow, temperature , and type of
cycle
Digital instruction in automobile companies.
Binary Digits
High and low voltage
1 and 0 values (Binary digit)
Voltage used to represent a 1 and 0 called logic levels
1 is high voltage
0 is low voltage
Basic Logic Function
Three basic logic
Not Function
AND Function
OR Function
Basic Logic Function
NOT change the logic form 0 to 1 and 1 to 0
It is also known as inverter
AND the voltage is High if both input is high and Low if one of the
input is low.
OR the voltage is High if one of the input is High or low if both input
is low
Digital waveforms
It consists of voltage levels that are changing back and forth
between HIGH and LOW levels or states
Digital waveforms
Digital systems are composed of series of pulses called pulse
train.
A periodic pulse waveform is repeated itself at a fixed intervel, called period (T).
The frequency is the rate at which it repeats itself. It is measured in hertz(Hz).
F= 1/T
T = 1/f
Digital waveform carries Binary information.
Clock
All waveforms are synchronized with basic timing waveform
called the clock.
The interval between pulses(the period) equals the time for
one bit.
Data Transfer
Data transfer to groups of bits that convey some type of
information
Binary data in digital waveforms must be transfered from one
device to another within a digital signal system
Stored binary form in the memory of a computer must be
transferred to computer’s central processing unit (CPU) in order to
be added
Bits are transferred serial only one bit at a time. Eight bits are
transferred eight time.
Data Transfer
Bits are transferred in parallel form, all bits in a group are
sent on separate line.
END
QUESTION/ANSWER
