Flashcards for NEET Biology: Thermodynamics
The law of conservation of
energy
The First Law of The energy of an isolated
system is constant
Thermodynamics
∆U = q + w; for an isolated
system, w = 0 and q = 0, then
∆U = 0
It is the sum of its internal
energy and the product of its
pressure and volume
Enthalpy
H = U + pV
It is the difference in enthalpy of
the reactants and products (∆H)
At constant pressure:
∆H = ∆U + p∆V = qp
∆H is negative for exothermic
Enthalpy Change reactions
∆H is positive for endothermic
reactions
At constant volume: ∆H = ∆U =
qv
Flashcards for NEET Biology: Thermodynamics
Its value depends on the
quantity or size of matter
present in the system
Extensive Property E.g. mass, volume, internal
energy, enthalpy, heat capacity,
etc.
Its value does not depend on
the quantity or size of matter
present in the system
Intensive Property
E.g. temperature, density,
pressure, etc.
The quantity of heat
Specific Heat required to raise the
temperature of one unit
Capacity mass of a substance by one
degree celsius or one kelvin
Flashcards for NEET Biology: Thermodynamics
Heat capacity at constant
pressure is Cp, and the heat
capacity at constant volume
is Cv
Heat Capacity
qp = Cp∆T = ∆H
qv = Cv∆T = ∆U
Cp – C V = R
A measure of the degree of
randomness or disorder in the
system, denoted by ’S’
For a reversible reaction,
Entropy change in entropy ∆S = qrev/T
For a spontaneous reaction,
change in entropy ∆Stotal =
∆Ssystem + ∆Ssurr > 0
It is an extensive property
and a state function, denoted by
G
The change in Gibbs energy for
the system is
Gibbs Energy ∆G = ∆H − T∆S
If ∆G is negative (< 0), the
process is spontaneous
At equilibrium, ∆G = 0
Flashcards for NEET Biology: Thermodynamics
The entropy of an isolated
Second Law of system increases in the course
of a spontaneous change
Thermodynamics
∆Stotal > 0
