Acidic and Basic Solutions
What are Acids?
Sour Taste Acids
- are substances that have a sour taste, like lemon juice or vinegar.
Reaction with Metals
- acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas causing bubbles to
form.
Hydrogen Ions
- acids contain hydrogen ions (H+) which give them give them their
acidic properties.
Cause color change.
- turn blue litmus paper red.
What are Bases?
Bitter Taste • Bases have a bitter taste, like soap or baking soda. soda.
Slippery Feel • Bases feel slippery on your skin, like soap.
Hydroxide Ions • Bases contain hydroxide ions (OH-) which make them
basic.
Cause color change • Turn red litmus paper blue.
Neutral Substances: Salts
Neutralization Reaction - Salts are formed when acids and bases
react in a process called neutralization.
Hydrogen and Hydroxide Ions - When an acid (containing H+)
reacts with a base (containing OH -), they combine to form water
(H2O), leaving behind a salt.
Neutral pH - Salts are typically neutral substances, substances,
meaning they don't have a have a sour or bitter taste.
Solution Red litmus paper Blue litmus paper
Acidic Red Red
Basic Blue Blue
Neutral No change in color No change in color
Everyday Examples of Acids and Bases
Lemon Juice Citrus fruits like lemons and oranges contain citric acid,
giving them their sour taste.
Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid, commonly used in cooking and
cleaning.
Baking Soda Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is a
common base used in baking and cleaning.
Soap is made from fats and oils that are treated with a base, making
it slippery and effective for cleaning.
Importance of Acids, Bases, and Salts in Our Lives
Food and Drink - Acids like citric acid in citrus fruits and acetic acid
in vinegar add flavor and help preserve food.
Construction - Salts are used in concrete, concrete, cement, and
mortar, providing strength and durability in in buildings and
infrastructure.
Cleaning - Acids and bases are essential for cleaning products. Acids
can remove mineral deposits, deposits, while bases are used in soap
and detergents.
Agriculture - Acids and bases play a crucial role in soil fertility.
fertility. They help adjust soil pH levels for optimal plant growth.
