Tutorial 3 (Logic)
1. Which of the following are well-formulated propositions?
(a) ∧pq
(b) p↔∼ (p∨q)
(c) ∼ [(p = q) →q]
(d) (p∧∼q) ∨ (q → r)
2. How many rows are in the truth table of the statement (p∨q) ∧ (∼r∨s) ∨∼t?
3. Construct the truth table of
(a) (p∨q) ∧∼ (p∧q).
(b) (p→q) ∨ (p↔∼q).
4. Let p represent a true statement, and let q and r represent false statements. Determine
the truth value of the compound statement ¬ (¬p∧¬q) ∨ (¬r∨¬p).
5. Determine the truth value of the statement ’3 + 5 > 7 if and only if 4 + 6 < 10’.
6. Determine the negation of the statement
(a) 12x + 11y < 12.
(b) If it is raining, you take your umbrella. (Hint: negation of p→q is p∧∼q)
(c) If 3x + 12y < 1, the answer is ”Pollution”. (Hint: negation of p→q is p∧∼q)
7. Express the following in symbolic form:
(a) I like playing but not singing.
(b) Either 25 is a perfect square or 41 is divisible by 7.
(c) Rani never works hard yet she gets good marks.
8. Let p and q be the statements ’It is daytime’ and ’It is warm’ respectively. Give the
compound statements in verbal form denoted by
(a) p∧¬q.
(b) q↔p.
9. Determine whether the given statements are logically equivalent.
(a) p→ (p∧∼q) and ∼p.
(b) q∧¬p and ¬p→¬q.
10. State the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the following conditional statements:
(a) If it rains then the match will be cancelled.
(b) If a function is differentiable then it is continuous.
(c) If x2 = 4, then x = 2.
(d) If x and y are rational, then xy is rational.
11. Determine whether the statement (p↔q) ∧¬ (p→¬q) is a tautology.
12. If A = {3, 4, 6, 8}, determine the truth value of each of the following:
(a) ∃x∈A, such that x + 4 = 7.
(b) ∀x∈A, x + 4 < 10.
13. Use quantifiers (∀ and ∃) to convert each of the following open sentences defined on N,
into a true statement:
(a) x2 = 25.
(b) 2x + 3 < 15.
(c) x≥0.
14. Show that (q∧r) ∨p⇔ (q∨p) ∧ (r∨p).
15. Without using a truth table, show that the inverse and the converse of a conditional are
logically equivalent.
List of tautologies
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