ORE RESEARCH & EXPLORATION P/L ABN 28 006 859 856

37A Hosie Street · Bayswater North · VIC 3153 · AUSTRALIA

61 3 9729 0333 61 3 9729 8338
i n f o @o re .c o m .a u w w w . o re . c o m

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS FOR

Rhyodacite Blank Chip

(Mt Dandenong Igneous Complex, Victoria, Australia)

CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIAL

OREAS C27h

Document: COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 24-August-2023

(Template:BUP-70-10-01 Rev:2.0)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................5
SOURCE MATERIAL.........................................................................................................5
COMMINUTION AND HOMOGENISATION PROCEDURES ............................................6
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES .................................................................................................6
ANALYTICAL PROGRAM .................................................................................................7
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS..................................................................................................7
Certified Values and their uncertainty intervals ................................................. 7
Indicative (uncertified) values ............................................................................ 7
Standard Deviation............................................................................................ 8
PERFORMANCE GATES ..................................................................................................8
Homogeneity Evaluation ................................................................................... 10
PARTICIPATING LABORATORIES ..................................................................................10
PREPARER AND SUPPLIER ............................................................................................11
METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY ....................................................................................11
COMMUTABILITY .............................................................................................................11
INTENDED USE ................................................................................................................12
PERIOD OF VALIDITY & STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS.....................................................12
INSTRUCTIONS FOR HANDLING & CORRECT USE......................................................12
LEGAL NOTICE .................................................................................................................13
DOCUMENT HISTORY .....................................................................................................13
QMS CERTIFICATION ......................................................................................................14
CERTIFYING OFFICER ....................................................................................................14
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................14

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Certified Value, Uncertainty & Tolerance Intervals for OREAS C27h. ................... 3
Table 2. Indicative Values for OREAS C27h........................................................................ 4
Table 3. Particle size distribution of OREAS C27h. ............................................................. 6
Table 4. Physical properties of OREAS C27h...................................................................... 6
Table 5. Performance Gates for OREAS C27h. ................................................................... 9

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 Table 1. Certified Value, Uncertainty & Tolerance Intervals for OREAS C27h.
Certified 95% Expanded Uncertainty 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent
Value Low High Low High
Pb Fire Assay
Au, Gold (ppb) <2 IND IND IND IND
4-Acid Digestion
Ag, Silver (ppm) 0.171 0.087 0.255 IND IND
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 7.75 7.43 8.07 7.62 7.89
As, Arsenic (ppm) 3.00 1.93 4.06 2.22 3.78
Ba, Barium (wt.%) 0.294 0.281 0.308 0.286 0.302
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 3.20 3.03 3.37 3.07 3.33
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 0.16 0.06 0.27 IND IND
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 1.11 1.02 1.21 1.05 1.18
Cd, Cadmium (ppm) 0.40 0.31 0.49 0.34 0.46
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 94 85 103 89 98
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 2.10 1.67 2.52 1.59 2.60
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 6.67 6.19 7.14 6.34 6.99
Cu, Copper (ppm) 5.05 3.26 6.84 3.52 6.58
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 2.47 2.33 2.61 2.36 2.58
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 23.0 21.5 24.5 21.7 24.2
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 6.61 6.26 6.95 6.27 6.94
In, Indium (ppm) 0.072 0.058 0.087 IND IND
K, Potassium (wt.%) 3.17 3.00 3.34 3.08 3.25
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 47.8 44.7 50.8 45.1 50.5
Li, Lithium (ppm) 33.2 30.8 35.5 31.8 34.6
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 0.149 0.126 0.172 IND IND
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.033 0.028 0.037 0.030 0.035
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 2.88 2.33 3.42 2.64 3.11
Na, Sodium (wt.%) 2.83 2.67 2.99 2.74 2.92
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 19.8 18.3 21.3 18.7 20.9
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 2.05 1.01 3.08 IND IND
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.030 0.027 0.032 0.027 0.032
Pb, Lead (ppm) 24.0 22.3 25.8 22.6 25.5
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 150 141 159 146 154
Re, Rhenium (ppm) < 0.002 IND IND IND IND
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 1.03 0.84 1.22 0.79 1.27
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 4.31 3.85 4.77 3.91 4.71
Se, Selenium (ppm) <1 IND IND IND IND
Sn, Tin (ppm) 3.97 3.68 4.26 3.75 4.20
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 178 166 189 173 183
SI unit equivalents: ppb (parts per billion; 1 x
10-9) ≡ µg/kg; ppm (parts per million; 1 x
10-6)≡ mg/kg; wt.% (weight per
cent) ≡ % (mass fraction).
Note: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding; IND = indeterminate (due to limited reading resolution of the
methods employed. For practical purposes the 95% Expanded Uncertainty can be set between zero and a two times
multiple of the upper bound/non-detect limit value).

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 3 of 14
 Table 1. continued.
Certified 95% Expanded Uncertainty 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent
Value Low High Low High
4-Acid Digestion continued
Ta, Tantalum (ppm) 1.45 1.30 1.61 1.37 1.53
Te, Tellurium (ppm) < 0.05 IND IND IND IND
Th, Thorium (ppm) 15.3 14.2 16.3 14.8 15.8
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.119 0.110 0.128 0.112 0.126
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.80 0.76 0.85 0.77 0.83
U, Uranium (ppm) 5.89 5.62 6.16 5.68 6.10
V, Vanadium (ppm) 4.36 2.15 6.57 IND IND
W, Tungsten (ppm) 1.54 1.39 1.69 IND IND
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 15.5 14.3 16.7 14.7 16.2
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 0.53 0.40 0.66 IND IND
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 118 109 126 111 124
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 245 232 258 235 254
SI unit equivalents: ppm (parts per million; 1 x
10-6) ≡ mg/kg; wt.% (weight per cent) ≡ % (mass fraction).
Note: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding; IND = indeterminate (due to limited reading resolution of the
methods employed. For practical purposes the 95% Expanded Uncertainty can be set between zero and a two times
multiple of the upper bound/non-detect limit value).

Table 2. Indicative Values for OREAS C27h.

Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value

Pb Fire Assay
Pd ppb < 0.5 Pt ppb < 0.5
4-Acid Digestion
Cr ppm 6.33 Ge ppm 0.70 S wt.% 0.006
Dy ppm 3.58 Ho ppm 0.49 Sm ppm 7.65
Er ppm 1.02 Lu ppm 0.065 Tb ppm 0.80
Eu ppm 1.50 Nd ppm 37.5 Tm ppm 0.10
Gd ppm 5.82 Pr ppm 10.2
Infrared Combustion
C wt.% 0.222 S wt.% < 0.01
Borate Fusion XRF
Al2O3 wt.% 15.07 MgO wt.% 0.270 S wt.% 0.006
CaO wt.% 1.51 MnO wt.% 0.047 SiO2 wt.% 69.36
Fe2O3 wt.% 3.55 Na2O wt.% 3.84 TiO2 wt.% 0.197
K2O wt.% 3.85 P2O5 wt.% 0.071
Thermogravimetry
LOI1000 wt.% 1.77
Laser Ablation ICP-MS
Ag ppm 0.183 Hf ppm 7.78 Sm ppm 7.66
As ppm 2.90 Ho ppm 0.53 Sn ppm 3.83
Ba ppm 2827 In ppm 0.050 Sr ppm 165
Be ppm 3.37 La ppm 46.8 Ta ppm 1.45
SI unit equivalents: ppb (parts per billion; 1 x 10-9) ≡ µg/kg; ppm (parts per million; 1 x 10-6) ≡ mg/kg; wt.% (weight per
cent) ≡ % (mass fraction).
Note: the number of significant figures reported is not a reflection of the level of certainty of stated values. They are
instead an artefact of ORE’s in-house CRM-specific LIMS.

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 4 of 14
 Table 2. continued.

Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value

Laser Ablation ICP-MS continued

Bi ppm 0.14 Lu ppm 0.065 Tb ppm 0.79
Cd ppm 0.37 Mn wt.% 0.031 Te ppm 0.13
Ce ppm 89 Mo ppm 2.63 Th ppm 15.2
Co ppm 1.87 Nb ppm 18.9 Ti wt.% 0.118
Cr ppm 5.83 Nd ppm 41.0 Tl ppm 0.50
Cs ppm 6.30 Ni ppm 4.33 Tm ppm 0.11
Cu ppm 6.67 Pb ppm 24.5 U ppm 5.86
Dy ppm 3.64 Pr ppm 11.1 V ppm 4.03
Er ppm 1.04 Rb ppm 142 W ppm 1.58
Eu ppm 1.34 Re ppm < 0.01 Y ppm 15.2
Ga ppm 21.4 Sb ppm 1.08 Yb ppm 0.60
Gd ppm 5.87 Sc ppm 4.45 Zn ppm 119
Ge ppm 1.18 Se ppm <5 Zr ppm 275
SI unit equivalents: ppm (parts per million; 1 x 10-6) ≡ mg/kg; wt.% (weight per cent) ≡ % (mass fraction).
Note: the number of significant figures reported is not a reflection of the level of certainty of stated values. They are
instead an artefact of ORE’s in-house CRM-specific LIMS.

INTRODUCTION

OREAS reference materials are intended to provide a low-cost method of evaluating and
improving the quality of analysis of geological samples. To the geologist they provide a
means of implementing quality control in analytical data sets generated in exploration from
the grass roots level through to prospect evaluation, and in grade control at mining
operations. To the analyst they provide an effective means of calibrating analytical
equipment, assessing new techniques and routinely monitoring in-house procedures.

OREAS reference materials enable users to successfully achieve process control of these
tasks because the observed variance from repeated analysis has its origin almost
exclusively in the analytical process rather than the reference material itself. In evaluating
laboratory performance with this CRM, the section headed ‘Instructions for correct use’
should be read carefully.

Table 1 provides the certified values and their associated 95% expanded uncertainty and
tolerance intervals, Table 2 shows indicative values, Table 3 provides an indicative particle
size distribution, Table 4 provides some indicative physical properties and Table 5
presents the performance gate intervals for all certified values. Tabulated results of all
analytes together with uncorrected means, medians, standard deviations, relative standard
deviations and per cent deviation of lab means from the corrected mean of means (PDM3)
are presented in the detailed certification data for this CRM (OREAS C27h-
DataPack.1.0.230807_135807.xlsx).

SOURCE MATERIAL

OREAS C27h is a rhyodacite blank chip certified reference material (CRM). The material
was sourced from a quarry containing a rhyodacitic unit of the Mt Dandenong Igneous

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 5 of 14
Complex located approximately 34km east of Melbourne (Victoria), Australia. OREAS
C27h has a nominal particle size of minus 8mm to simulate RC drill chip samples.

COMMINUTION AND HOMOGENISATION PROCEDURES

The material constituting OREAS C27h was prepared in the following manner:
• Drying to constant mass at 105° C;
• Crushing to achieve a nominal particle size of minus 8mm to simulate RC drill chip
samples;
• Homogenisation using a rotary splitter;
• Packaging in 500g units into sealed robust barrier bags and 200kg units into 44-
gallon (166L) drums.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

OREAS C27h was tested at ORE Research & Exploration Pty Ltd’s onsite facility for
various physical properties. A sieve analysis was performed on a 1kg sample to determine
the particle size distribution of OREAS C27h. Table 3 presents the findings that should be
used for informational purposes only.

Table 3. Particle size distribution of OREAS C27h.

Distribution % (mass fraction)

Above 12.7mm 0.0

Under 12.7mm; Above 6.35mm 38

Under 6.35mm; Above 3.18mm 41

Under 3.18mm; Above 2mm 8

Under 2mm; Above 1.27mm 5

Under 1.27mm; Above 0.5mm 3.5

Under 0.5mm 4.5

Table 4 presents the bulk density, moisture percentage and Munsell colour code for
OREAS C27h. These findings should be used for informational purposes only.

Table 4. Physical properties of OREAS C27h.

Bulk Density (g/L) Moisture (%) Munsell Notation‡ Munsell Colour‡

1424 0.27 N7 Light Gray

‡The Munsell Rock Color Chart helps geologists and archeologists communicate with colour more

effectively by cross-referencing ISCC-NBS colour names with unique Munsell alpha-numeric colour
notations for rock colour samples.

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 6 of 14
 ANALYTICAL PROGRAM

For the analytical program, 60 x 500g units were selected systematically over nine evenly
spaced, set intervals during the final splitting and packaging stage and are considered
representative of the entire prepared batch. This sampling format covered the samples
required for the round robin certification program (10 laboratories x 6 x 500g samples
each). One set of samples was unable to be delivered resulting in nine commercial
analytical laboratories participating in the program to characterise the elements reported in
Table 1. The six 500g chip samples received by each participating laboratory were
accompanied with instructions to prepare and assay each sample as follows:

• Dry at 105°C, crush to nominal minus 2mm, riffle split to 250g, pulverise split to
85% minus 75 microns then subsample for assay (9 laboratories);
• Au by 25-40g fire assay with ICP-MS (4 laboratories) and ICP-OES (5 laboratories)
finish;
• Full ICP-OES and ICP-MS elemental suites by four acid digestion (HNO3-HClO4-
HCl-HF) (9 laboratories).

Major and trace elements were also characterised by Bureau Veritas Geoanalytical (Perth,
Australia) using borate fusion with XRF (Al2O3 to TiO2), laser ablation (on the fused bead)
with ICP-MS (Ag to Zr), LOI at 1000°C and C+S by infrared combustion furnace (see
Table 2 ‘Indicative Values’).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Certified Values and their uncertainty intervals (Table 1) have been determined for
each analyte following removal of individual, laboratory dataset (batch) and 3SD outliers
(single iteration).

For individual outliers within a laboratory batch the z-score test is used in combination with
a second method that determines the per cent deviation of the individual value from the
batch median. Outliers in general are selected on the basis of z-scores > 2.5 and with per
cent deviations (i) > 3 and (ii) more than three times the average absolute per cent
deviation for the batch. Each laboratory data set mean is tested for outlying status based
on z-score discrimination and rejected if > 2.5. After individual and laboratory data set
(batch) outliers have been eliminated a non-iterative 3 standard deviation filter is applied,
with those values lying outside this window also relegated to outlying status. However,
while statistics are taken into account, the exercise of a statistician's prerogative plays a
significant role in identifying outliers.

Certified Values are the means of accepted laboratory means after outlier filtering and are
the present best estimate of the true value.

The 95% Expanded Uncertainty provides a 95% probability that the true value of the
analyte under consideration lies between the upper and lower limits and is calculated
according to the method in ISO Guides [5,14]. All known or suspected sources of bias
have been investigated or taken into account.

Indicative (uncertified) values (Table 2) are present where the number of laboratories
reporting a particular analyte is insufficient (< 5) to support certification. These major and
trace element characterisation values are presented for informational purposes only.

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 7 of 14
Standard Deviation intervals (Table 5) provide an indication of a level of performance that
might reasonably be expected from a laboratory being monitored by this CRM in a QA/QC
program. They take into account errors attributable to measurement uncertainty and CRM
variability. For an effective CRM the contribution of the latter should be negligible in
comparison to measurement errors. The Standard Deviation values include all sources of
measurement uncertainty: between-lab variance, within-run variance (precision errors) and
CRM variability.

In the application of SD’s in monitoring performance it is important to note that not all
laboratories function at the same level of proficiency and that different methods in use at a
particular laboratory have differing levels of precision. Each laboratory has its own inherent
SD (for a specific concentration level and analyte-method pair) based on the analytical
process and this SD is not directly related to the round robin program (see ‘Instructions for
Correct Use’ section for more detail).

The SD for each analyte’s certified value is calculated from the same filtered data set used
to determine the certified value, i.e., after removal of all individual, lab dataset (batch) and
3SD outliers (single iteration). These outliers can only be removed after the absolute
homogeneity of the CRM has been independently established, i.e., the outliers must be
confidently deemed to be analytical rather than arising from inhomogeneity of the CRM.

The standard deviation is then calculated for each analyte from the pooled accepted
analyses generated from the certification program.

PERFORMANCE GATES

Table 5 above shows intervals calculated for two and three standard deviations. As a
guide these intervals may be regarded as warning or rejection for multiple 2SD outliers, or
rejection for individual 3SD outliers in QC monitoring, although their precise application
should be at the discretion of the QC manager concerned (also see ‘Intended Use’ section
below). Westgard Rules extend the basics of single-rule QC monitoring using multi-rules
(for more information visit [Link]/[Link]). A second method utilises a
5% window calculated directly from the certified value.

Standard deviation is also shown in relative percent for one, two and three relative
standard deviations (1RSD, 2RSD and 3RSD) to facilitate an appreciation of the
magnitude of these numbers and a comparison with the 5% window. Caution should be
exercised when concentration levels approach lower limits of detection of the analytical
methods employed as performance gates calculated from standard deviations tend to be
excessively wide whereas those determined by the 5% method are too narrow. One
approach used at commercial laboratories is to set the acceptance criteria at twice the
detection level (DL) ± 10%.

I.e., Certified Value ± 10% ± 2DL (adapted from Govett, 1983 [1]).

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 8 of 14
 Table 5. Performance Gates for OREAS C27h.
Absolute Standard Deviations Relative Standard Deviations 5% window
Certified
Constituent
Value 2SD 2SD 3SD 3SD
1SD 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Low High Low High
Pb Fire Assay
Au, ppb <2 IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND
4-Acid Digestion
Ag, ppm 0.171 0.062 0.048 0.294 0.000 0.356 35.94% 71.88% 107.8% 0.163 0.180
Al, wt.% 7.75 0.284 7.18 8.32 6.90 8.60 3.66% 7.32% 10.99% 7.36 8.14
As, ppm 3.00 0.72 1.55 4.45 0.82 5.17 24.18% 48.36% 72.54% 2.85 3.15
Ba, wt.% 0.294 0.007 0.281 0.308 0.274 0.315 2.34% 4.67% 7.01% 0.280 0.309
Be, ppm 3.20 0.104 2.99 3.41 2.89 3.51 3.25% 6.51% 9.76% 3.04 3.36
Bi, ppm 0.16 0.04 0.08 0.25 0.04 0.29 25.18% 50.36% 75.53% 0.16 0.17
Ca, wt.% 1.11 0.056 1.00 1.23 0.95 1.28 5.02% 10.04% 15.05% 1.06 1.17
Cd, ppm 0.40 0.04 0.32 0.48 0.28 0.53 10.34% 20.68% 31.02% 0.38 0.42
Ce, ppm 94 6.5 81 107 74 113 6.96% 13.93% 20.89% 89 99
Co, ppm 2.10 0.188 1.72 2.47 1.53 2.66 8.96% 17.93% 26.89% 1.99 2.20
Cs, ppm 6.67 0.302 6.06 7.27 5.76 7.57 4.53% 9.06% 13.59% 6.33 7.00
Cu, ppm 5.05 1.17 2.71 7.39 1.54 8.56 23.19% 46.38% 69.57% 4.80 5.30
Fe, wt.% 2.47 0.100 2.27 2.67 2.17 2.77 4.05% 8.09% 12.14% 2.35 2.59
Ga, ppm 23.0 0.63 21.7 24.2 21.1 24.9 2.74% 5.48% 8.21% 21.8 24.1
Hf, ppm 6.61 0.196 6.21 7.00 6.02 7.19 2.97% 5.94% 8.90% 6.28 6.94
In, ppm 0.072 0.006 0.060 0.084 0.054 0.090 8.38% 16.76% 25.14% 0.069 0.076
K, wt.% 3.17 0.134 2.90 3.43 2.76 3.57 4.24% 8.47% 12.71% 3.01 3.32
La, ppm 47.8 2.36 43.1 52.5 40.7 54.8 4.93% 9.87% 14.80% 45.4 50.2
Li, ppm 33.2 2.12 29.0 37.4 26.8 39.6 6.39% 12.78% 19.17% 31.5 34.9
Mg, wt.% 0.149 0.012 0.125 0.173 0.113 0.186 8.18% 16.36% 24.53% 0.142 0.157
Mn, wt.% 0.033 0.003 0.027 0.038 0.024 0.041 8.73% 17.47% 26.20% 0.031 0.034
Mo, ppm 2.88 0.198 2.48 3.27 2.28 3.47 6.89% 13.78% 20.68% 2.73 3.02
Na, wt.% 2.83 0.074 2.68 2.98 2.61 3.05 2.61% 5.22% 7.84% 2.69 2.97
Nb, ppm 19.8 1.56 16.7 22.9 15.1 24.5 7.86% 15.72% 23.59% 18.8 20.8
Ni, ppm 2.05 0.48 1.09 3.00 0.61 3.48 23.37% 46.74% 70.10% 1.94 2.15
P, wt.% 0.030 0.001 0.027 0.032 0.026 0.034 4.47% 8.95% 13.42% 0.028 0.031
Pb, ppm 24.0 1.36 21.3 26.8 20.0 28.1 5.66% 11.32% 16.99% 22.8 25.2
Rb, ppm 150 4 141 159 136 163 2.98% 5.95% 8.93% 142 157
Re, ppm < 0.002 IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND
Sb, ppm 1.03 0.12 0.80 1.26 0.68 1.38 11.34% 22.68% 34.02% 0.98 1.08
Sc, ppm 4.31 0.212 3.88 4.73 3.67 4.94 4.91% 9.83% 14.74% 4.09 4.52
Se, ppm <1 IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND
Sn, ppm 3.97 0.142 3.69 4.26 3.55 4.40 3.56% 7.12% 10.68% 3.78 4.17
Sr, ppm 178 12 153 203 140 215 7.03% 14.07% 21.10% 169 187
Ta, ppm 1.45 0.132 1.19 1.72 1.06 1.85 9.10% 18.20% 27.30% 1.38 1.53
Te, ppm < 0.05 IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND IND
Th, ppm 15.3 1.08 13.1 17.4 12.0 18.5 7.05% 14.10% 21.16% 14.5 16.0
Ti, wt.% 0.119 0.006 0.107 0.131 0.100 0.138 5.23% 10.45% 15.68% 0.113 0.125
SI unit equivalents: ppb (parts per billion; 1 x 10-9) ≡ µg/g; ppm (parts per million; 1 x 10-6) ≡ mg/kg; wt.% (weight per
cent) ≡ % (mass fraction).
IND: indeterminate; Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 9 of 14
 Table 5 continued.
Absolute Standard Deviations Relative Standard Deviations 5% window
Certified
Constituent
Value 2SD 2SD 3SD 3SD
1SD 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Low High Low High
4-Acid Digestion continued
Tl, ppm 0.80 0.025 0.75 0.85 0.73 0.88 3.06% 6.11% 9.17% 0.76 0.84
U, ppm 5.89 0.221 5.45 6.33 5.23 6.55 3.76% 7.52% 11.28% 5.59 6.18
V, ppm 4.36 1.02 2.32 6.40 1.31 7.42 23.35% 46.71% 70.06% 4.14 4.58
W, ppm 1.54 0.115 1.31 1.77 1.19 1.89 7.49% 14.99% 22.48% 1.46 1.62
Y, ppm 15.5 0.73 14.0 16.9 13.3 17.6 4.70% 9.39% 14.09% 14.7 16.2
Yb, ppm 0.53 0.050 0.43 0.63 0.38 0.68 9.45% 18.91% 28.36% 0.50 0.56
Zn, ppm 118 5 107 128 102 133 4.40% 8.80% 13.20% 112 124
Zr, ppm 245 8 228 261 220 270 3.39% 6.79% 10.18% 233 257
SI unit equivalents: ppm (parts per million; 1 x 10-6) ≡ mg/kg.
IND: indeterminate; Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

Homogeneity Evaluation
The tolerance limits (ISO 16269:2014) in Table 1 were determined using an analysis of
precision errors method and are considered a conservative estimate of true homogeneity.
The meaning of tolerance limits may be illustrated for copper (by 4-acid digestion), where
99% of the time (1-α=0.99) at least 95% of subsamples (ρ=0.95) will have concentrations
lying between 3.52 and 6.58ppm. Put more precisely, this means that if the same number
of subsamples were taken and analysed in the same manner repeatedly, 99% of the
tolerance intervals so constructed would cover at least 95% of the total population, and 1%
of the tolerance intervals would cover less than 95% of the total population (ISO Guide
35). Please note that tolerance limits pertain to the homogeneity of the CRM only
and should not be used as control limits for laboratory performance.

Based on the statistical analysis of the results of the interlaboratory certification program
OREAS C27h is deemed sufficiently homogenous and fit-for-purpose as a certified
reference material (see ‘Intended Use’ below).

PARTICIPATING LABORATORIES

1. Actlabs, Ancaster, Ontario, Canada

2. ALS, Malaga, WA, Australia
3. ALS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
4. Bureau Veritas Commodities Canada Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada
5. Bureau Veritas Geoanalytical, Perth, WA, Australia
6. Intertek Genalysis, Adelaide, SA, Australia
7. Intertek Genalysis, Perth, WA, Australia
8. SGS Australia Mineral Services, Perth, WA, Australia
9. SGS Canada Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 10 of 14
 PREPARER AND SUPPLIER

Certified reference material OREAS C27h was prepared, certified and supplied by:

ORE Research & Exploration Pty Ltd Tel: +613-9729 0333

37A Hosie Street Fax: +613-9729 8338
Bayswater North VIC 3153 Web: [Link]
AUSTRALIA Email: info@[Link]

METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY
The interlaboratory results that underpin certified values are metrologically traceable to the
international measurement scale (SI) of mass expressed as either per cent (mass
fraction), milligrams per kilogram (alternative unit = parts per million (ppm; 1 x 10-6)) or
micrograms per kilogram (alternative unit = parts per billion (ppb; 1 x 10-9)).

The analytical samples were selected in a manner representative of the entire batch of the
prepared CRM. This ‘representivity’ was maintained in each submitted laboratory sample
batch and ensures the user that the data is traceable from sample selection through to the
analytical results that underlie the consensus values. Each analytical data set has been
validated by its assayer through the inclusion of internal reference materials and QC
checks during analysis.

The laboratories were chosen on the basis of their competence (from past performance in
inter-laboratory programs undertaken by ORE Pty Ltd) for a particular analytical method,
analyte or analyte suite and sample matrix. Most of these laboratories have and maintain
ISO 17025 accreditation. The certified values presented in this report are calculated from
the means of accepted data following robust statistical treatment, as detailed in this report.
Guide ISO/TR 16476:2016, section 5.3.1 describes metrological traceability in reference
materials as it pertains to the transformation of the measurand. In this section it states,
“Although the determination of the property value itself can be made traceable to
appropriate units through, for example, calibration of the measurement equipment used,
steps like the transformation of the sample from one physical (chemical) state to another
cannot. Such transformations may only be compared with a reference (when available), or
among themselves. For some transformations, reference methods have been defined and
may be used in certification projects to evaluate the uncertainty associated with such a
transformation. In other cases, only a comparison among different laboratories using
the same procedure is possible. In this case, it is impossible to demonstrate
absence of method bias; therefore, the result is an operationally defined measurand
(ISO Guide 35:2017, 9.2.4c).” Certification takes place on the basis of agreement among
operationally defined, independent measurement results.

COMMUTABILITY

The measurements of the results that underlie the certified values contained in this report
were undertaken by methods involving sample preparation and pre-treatment
(digestion/fusion) of the sample. This served to reduce the sample to a simple and well
understood form permitting calibration using simple solutions of the CRM. Due to these
methods being well understood and highly effective, commutability is not an issue for this
CRM. All OREAS CRMs are sourced from naturally occurring rocks and sediments

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 11 of 14
meaning they will display similar behaviour to routine ‘field’ samples in the relevant
preparation and measurement processes. Care should be taken to ensure ‘matrix
matching’ as close as practically achievable. The matrix of the CRM is described in the
‘Source Material’ section and users should select appropriate CRMs matching these
attributes to their field samples.

INTENDED USE
OREAS C27h is intended to cover all activities needed to produce a measurement result.
This includes preparation of the sample, extraction, possible separation steps and the
actual measurement process (the signal producing step). OREAS C27h may be used to
calibrate the entire procedure by producing a pure substance CRM transformed into a
calibration solution.

OREAS C27h is intended for the following uses:

• For the monitoring of sample contamination (due to preparation and/or analysis) in
the analysis of analytes reported in Table 1 in geological samples;
• For the monitoring of laboratory performance in the analysis of analytes reported
in Table 1 in geological samples;
• For the verification of analytical methods for analytes reported in Table 1;
• For the calibration of instruments used in the determination of the concentration
of analytes reported in Table 1.

PERIOD OF VALIDITY & STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS

The certification of OREAS C27h remains valid, within the specified measurement
uncertainties, until April 2038, provided the CRM is handled and stored in accordance with
the instructions given below. This certification is nullified if the CRM is any way changed or
contaminated.

Store in a clean and cool dry place away from direct sunlight.

Long-term stability will be monitored at appropriate intervals and purchasers notified if any
changes are observed. The period of validity may well be indefinite and will be reassessed
prior to expiry with the aim of extending the validity if possible.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR HANDLING & CORRECT USE

Single-use 500g bags
The entire 500g bag of OREAS C27h should be submitted to the laboratory for preparation
(to a minimum specification of 85% passing 75 microns), subsampling and analysis. It is
the user’s responsibility to prevent contamination and avoid prolonged exposure of the
sample to the atmosphere prior to analysis.

Fine powders pose a risk to eyes and lungs and therefore standard precautions including
the use of safety glasses and dust masks are advised.

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 12 of 14
The certified values refer to the concentration levels in the packaged state. There is no
need for drying prior to weighing and analysis.

Minimum sample size

As a practical guide, the minimum mass of sample used should match the typical mass
that the laboratories used in the interlaboratory certification program. This means that
different sample masses should be used depending on the operationally defined
methodology.
• Au by fire assay: ≥25g;
• 4-acid digestion with ICP-OES and/or MS finish: ≥0.25g.

QC monitoring using multiples of the Standard Deviation (SD)

In the application of SD’s in monitoring performance it is important to note that not all
laboratories function at the same level of proficiency and that different methods in use at a
particular laboratory have differing levels of precision. Each laboratory has its own inherent
SD (for a specific concentration level and analyte-method pair) based on the analytical
process and this SD is not directly related to the round robin program.

The majority of data generated in the round robin program was produced by a selection of
world class laboratories. The SD’s thus generated are more constrained than those that
would be produced across a randomly selected group of laboratories. To produce more
generally achievable SD’s the ‘pooled’ SD’s provided in this report include inter-laboratory
bias. This ‘one size fits all’ approach may require revision at the discretion of the QC
manager concerned following careful scrutiny of QC control charts.

The performance gates shown in Table 5 are intended only to be used as an initial guide
as to what a laboratory may be able to achieve. Over a period of time monitoring your own
laboratory’s data for this CRM, SD's should be calculated directly from your own
laboratory's process. This will enable you to establish more specific performance gates
that are fit for purpose for your application as well as the ability to monitor bias. If your
long-term trend analysis shows an average value that is within the 95% expanded
uncertainty interval then generally there is no cause for concern in regard to bias.

LEGAL NOTICE
Ore Research & Exploration Pty Ltd has prepared and statistically evaluated the property
values of this reference material to the best of its ability. The Purchaser by receipt hereof
releases and indemnifies Ore Research & Exploration Pty Ltd from and against all liability
and costs arising from the use of this material and information.

DOCUMENT HISTORY

Revision No. Date Changes applied

0 24th August, 2023 First publication.

COA-1775-OREASC27h-R0 Page: 13 of 14
 QMS CERTIFICATION

ORE Pty Ltd is ISO 9001:2015 certified by Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance Ltd for its
quality management system including development, manufacturing, certification and
supply of CRMs.

CERTIFYING OFFICER

24th August, 2023

Craig Hamlyn ([Link]. Hons - Geology), Technical Manager - ORE P/L

REFERENCES

[1] Govett, G.J.S. (1983). Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Volume 2: Statistics

and Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting (Variations of accuracy and precision).
[2] ISO Guide 30:2015. Terms and definitions used in connection with reference
materials.
[3] ISO Guide 31:2015. Reference materials – Contents of certificates and labels.
[4] ISO Guide 35:2017. Certification of reference materials - General and statistical
principals.
[5] ISO Guide 98-3:2008. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
(GUM:1995).
[6] ISO 16269:2014. Statistical interpretation of data – Part 6: Determination of statistical
tolerance intervals.
[7] ISO/TR 16476:2016, Reference Materials – Establishing and expressing metrological
traceability of quantity values assigned to reference materials.
[8] ISO 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories.
[9] ISO Guide 17034:2016. General requirements for the competence of reference
material producers.
[10] Munsell Rock Color Book (2014). Rock-Color Chart Committee, Geological Society of
America (GSA), Minnesota (USA).
[11] OREAS-BUP-70-09-11: Statistical Analysis - OREAS Evaluation Method.
[12] OREAS-TN-05-1674: Long-term storage stability; an experimental study of OREAS
CRMs.
[13] Thompson, A.; Taylor, B.N.; Guide for the Use of the International System of Units
(SI); NIST Special Publication 811; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC
(2008); available at: [Link] (accessed Nov 2021).
[14] Van der Veen AMH and Pauwels, J. (2001), Accred Qual Assur 6: 290-294.

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