Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 1
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It covers topics like perception,
cognition, emotion, and behavior. The history of psychology is marked by various schools of
thought, such as Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, and Psychoanalysis.
Key Terms:
1. Behavior: Observable actions of humans or animals.
2. Cognition: Mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.
3. Consciousness: Awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Notable Figures:
- Wilhelm Wundt: Often referred to as the father of psychology.
- William James: A prominent American psychologist, known for Functionalism.
Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 2
Research Methods in Psychology:
Psychology relies on scientific methods to explore behavior and mental processes. The main
research methods include experimental, correlational, and observational studies.
Types of Research Methods:
- Experimental: Involves manipulating variables to determine cause and effect.
- Correlational: Studies the relationship between two variables without direct manipulation.
- Observational: Involves watching subjects in their natural environment.
Ethics in Research:
Ethics is crucial in psychological research, especially when working with human subjects. The APA
(American Psychological Association) has guidelines to ensure the safety, dignity, and well-being of
participants.
Example Ethical Principles:
1. Informed Consent
2. Confidentiality
3. Debriefing
Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 3
Biological Basis of Behavior:
Understanding how the brain and nervous system impact behavior is a central aspect of psychology.
The brain is composed of billions of neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical
signals.
Key Concepts:
- Neurons: The basic building blocks of the nervous system.
- Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses.
- Brain Structures: Different parts of the brain, such as the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and
brainstem, play specific roles in regulating behavior.
Limbic System:
The limbic system is a complex system of nerves and networks in the brain that controls emotions
and drives. It includes structures like the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus.
Interesting Fact:
The left hemisphere of the brain is typically associated with logical tasks, while the right hemisphere
is more related to creativity and spatial abilities.
