TO STUDY THE PRESENCE OF OXALATE IONS
IN GUAVA AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF RIPENING
PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
THRIVENI ACADEMY CBSE SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
BY
SRINITHI.G
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mrs.G.REVIVO M.Sc.,B.Ed.
PGT CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
THRIVENI ACADEMY CBSE SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL
THRIVENI NAGAR, VADAKKUPATTU-603204.
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT
REPORT IS A BONAFIDE RECORD OF
WORK DONE BY
SRINITHI.G
REG NO :
CLASS : XII STANDARD
THRIVENI ACADEMY CBSE SR.SEC.SCHOOL
HEAD OF THE INSTITUTION FACULTY
GUIDE
VIVA VOCE EXAMINATION HELD
ON …………………..
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep sense of
gratitude to my faculty guide Mrs.G.REVIVO for guiding
me immensely throughout the course of this project. Her
constructive advice and constant motivation have been
responsible for the successful completion of this project.
I am immensely grateful to our principal
sir, Mr.M.P.ANAND for his great involvement in this project
and his coordination in extending every possible support for
the completion of this project
My parents also played a key role in
shaping up this project nicely and convey my special thanks
to them. I also thank my classmates for their timely help and
support for the completion of this project.
NAME : SRINITHI.G
REG NO :
THRIVENI ACADEMY CBSE SR.SEC.SCHOOL.
TO STUDY THE PRESENCE OF OXALATE IONS
IN GUAVA AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF RIPENING
INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PG.NO
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THEORY&AIM
3 APPARATUS
4 CHEMICAL EQUATION
5 PROCEDURE & OBSERVATIONS
6 CALCULATION & RESULT
7 CONCLUSION & PRECAUTIONS
8 ADVANTAGES & BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
uava is a common
sweet fruit found in
India and
many other places
around the world.
Guavas are
plants in the Myrtle
family (Myrtaceae)
genus
Psidium (meaning
"pomegranate" in
Latin), which
contains about 100
species of tropical
shrub. On ripening
it turns yellow in
color. Rich in
vitamin C, this fruit
is a rich
source of oxalate
ions whose content
varies during the
different stages of
ripening.
Guavas have a
pronounced and
typical fragrance,
similar to lemon
rind but less in
strength
Guava is a common sweet fruit found in India and
many other places around the world. Guavas are plants in the Myrtle
family (Myrtaceae) genus Psidium (meaning "pomegranate" in
Latin), which contains about 100 species of tropical shrub. On
ripening it turns yellow in color. Rich in vitamin C, this fruit is a rich
source of oxalate ions whose content varies during the different
stages of ripening.
Guavas have a pronounced and typical fragrance, similar
to lemon rind but less in strength
Oxalate is a carboxylic acid, primarily
found in plants and animals. It is not an essential
molecule and is excreted from our body,
unchanged. Our body either produces oxalate on its
own or converts other molecules like Vitamin C to
oxalate. External sources like food also contribute to
the accumulation of oxalate in our body. The
oxalate present in the body is excreted in the form of
urine as waste. Too much of oxalate in our urine
results in a medical condition called hyperoxaluria,
commonly referred to as kidney stones. Diet is looked
upon as a preventive measure in addition to
medication to treat kidney stones.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF GUAVA
Regulates Blood Sugar: The powerful antioxidants and fibre in
guava can help regulate blood sugar levels. Studies show guava leaf
extracts may improve insulin resistance and long-term blood sugar
control. Drinking guava leaf tea has reduced blood sugar after meals by
over 10% in diabetics. This makes guavas a great choice for managing
diabetes
Supports Heart Health: Guavas promote heart health in many ways.
The high antioxidant content protects the heart against free radical
damage. Guavas also provide potassium and fibre while lowering LDL
cholesterol and blood pressure.
Relieves Menstrual Cramps For women who experience painful
periods, guava leaf extract may help. Studies show taking guava leaf
extract daily significantly reduces the intensity of menstrual cramping
pain. The anti-inflammatory effects of guava leaves provide a natural
way to ease period cramps.:
Improves Digestion: With 12% of your recommended daily fibre per
fruit, guavas promote healthy digestion and bowel movements. The fibre
helps relieve constipation. Additionally, guava leaf extract has
antimicrobial effects that destroy bad gut bacteria which cause diarrhoea.
This improves gut health and digestion.
Aids Weight Loss: At only 37 calories per fruit, guavas make for a
delicious, low-calorie snack between meals. Their high fibre content
keeps you feeling full, curbing cravings. So, guavas can fit into any
weight loss plan without losing out on key nutrients.
May Have Anti-Cancer Effects: Test tube and animal studies
reveal guava leaf extracts may inhibit or stop the growth of cancer cells.
Guavas have very high antioxidant content, which protects cells from
damage that can lead to cancer. One test-tube study found guava leaf oil
to be 4 times more potent than a leading cancer drug. However, medical
research is still ongoing for more conclusive results.
Boosts Immunity: Guavas provide over 2 times the RDI for immune-
boosting vitamin C. This vitamin helps your body produce infection-
fighting white blood cells. Consuming guavas regularly protects against
deficiency, ensuring a strong immune system.
Benefits Your Skin: The wide range of antioxidants in guavas
protects your skin from oxidative damage that accelerates ageing. Guava
leaf extracts applied topically may also help treat acne breakouts thanks
to antimicrobial effects. So, guavas can nourish your skin from the inside
and out.
1.
What is oxalate ions ?
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is
an anion with the chemical formula C2O2−4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs
naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for
example sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), and several esters such as dimethyl
oxalate ((CH3)2C2O4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid. At
neutral pH in aqueous solution, oxalic acidconverts completely to oxalate
.
Health Hazards Related to Oxalates
Oxalates are naturally occurring substances found in many
foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. They are also present in
calcium supplements and multivitamins. In most people, oxalates eliminated in
the urine without causing any problems. However, in some people, oxalates can
form crystals that can cause health problems.
Crystals that form from oxalates can cause kidney stones, joint
pain, and other health problems. People who have a history of kidney stones are
at risk of developing problems if they consume high levels of oxalates.
THEORY
Oxalate ions are extracted from the fruit by boiling pulp
with diluteH2SO4. The oxalate ions are estimated volumetrically by titrating
the solution with KMnO4solution. A reagent called the titrant, of a
known concentration and volume is used to react with a solution of the a
nalyte or titrant, whose concentration is not known. Using a calibrated
burette or pipette to add the titrant, it is possible to determine the exact
amount that has been consumed when the endpoint is reached. The
endpoint at which the titration is complete ,is determined by an indicator.
The ideal endpoint of a strong acid-base titration is the point at which the
pH of the reactant is just about equal to 7, often when the solution
changes into a persisting solid colour. The content of oxalate ions in Guava
is then calculated by finding out Normality of oxalate ions.
Apparatus
100ml measuring flask
Pestle and mortar
Beaker
Titration flask
Funnel
Burette
Weight – box
Pipette
Filter paper
CHEMICAL EQUATION
MOLECULAR EQUATION
IONIC EQUATION
OBSERVATIONS
Weight of the guava fruit each time: 50g
Volume of guava extract taken for each
titration: 20mL
Molarity of KMnO4 solution: 1/10
End point: Colour changes to Pink
Guava Burette Burette Volume of Concordant
Solution Reading Reading KMnO4 Reading
Initial Final
Raw
Semi-
ripened
Ripened
CALCULATION
For Raw Guava
N1V1 = N2V2
N1 x 10 = (1/10) x 132
N1 = 132/100 = 1.32
Strength of oxalate in Raw Guava extract
= Normality x Eq. mass of oxalate ion
= of diluted extract
=
For Semi-ripened guava
Strength of oxalate in Semi-ripened Guava
extract
= Normality x Eq. mass of oxalate ion
= of diluted extract
=
For Ripened Guava
Strength of oxalate in Ripened Guava extract
= Normality x Eq. mass of oxalate ion
= of diluted extract
=
RESULT
The content of
oxalate ions in
guava was found
to be 59.67 per
cent,
which is
close to the
literature value of
60 percent.
It was also noticed
that the content
of oxalic ions
grows with
ripening of
guava
CONCLUSION
The content of oxalate ions in guava was found to be
59.67 per cent, which is close to the literature value of 60 percent .It
was also noticed that the content of oxalic ions grows with ripening
of guava
PRECAUTIONS
There should be no parallax while taking
measurements.
Spillage of
chemicals
should be
checked.
measurements.
Spillage of
chemicals
should be
checked.
KMnO
4
attacks rubber.
In order to get
some idea about
the
temperature of
the solution
touch
the flask with
the back side of
your hand. When
it becomes
unbearable to
touch, the
required
temperature is
reached.
KMnO4 attacks rubber. In order to get some idea about the
temperature of the solution touch the flask with the back side of
your hand. When it becomes unbearable to touch, the required
temperature is reached.
Add about an equal volume of dil. H2SO4 to the guava extract
to be titrated (say a full test tube) before adding KMnO4
In case, on
addition of
KMnO
4
a brown ppt.
appears, this
shows that
either H
2
SO
4
has not been
added or has
been
added in
insufficient
amount. In such
a case, throw
away
the solution
and titrate
again.
In case, on addition of KMnO4 a brown ppt. appears, this
shows that either H2SO4 has not been added or has been added
in insufficient amount. In such a case, throw away the solution
and titrate again.
ADVANTAGES
Guava helps boost your immunity.
May reduce the risk of developing Cancer.
Helps to manage blood sugar levels.
Guavas helps in keeping your health healthy.
Helps during constipation.
Helps in netter eyesight.
Guava is an anti-stress agent.
Guava helps women during pregnancy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.academia.edu/114191671/
STUDY_OF_PRESENCE_OF_OXALATE_IONS_IN_GUAVA_AT_DIFFERENT_ST
AGES_OF_RIPENING_CLASS_12_CHEMISTRY_INVESTIGATORY_PROJECT
https://www.carehospitals.com/blog-detail/benefits-of-eating-guava/
#:~:text=Both%20the%20guava%20fruit%20and%20leaves%20provide
%20antioxidants%2C%20fibre%2C%20vitamins,look%20and%20feel
%20your%20best.
https://www.studocu.com/in/document/delhi-public-school-damanjodi/
computer-science/122741790-presence-of-oxalate-ions-in-guava-chemistry-
investigatory-project-1/82089089
