THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

2020/2022 ACADEMIC YEAR SECOND TERM

TEST 2
CHE1000: Introductory Chemistry
TIME: Two hours 17th September, 2022
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INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

1. Indicate your student ID number and TG number on the separate answer sheet provided.
2. The test consists of three (3) sections: A, B and C.
3. Section A has twenty (20) multiple choice questions. Each question carries two (2) marks.
(Total marks = 40)
4. Section B has ten (10) final answer only questions. Each question carries two (2) marks.
(Total marks = 20)
5. Section C has one (1) Lab question carrying ten (10) marks and six (6) short answer
questions carrying five (5) marks each. (Total marks = 40)
6. ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS IN ALL SECTIONS.
7. ANSWERS MUST BE MADE IN THE PROVIDED ANSWER SCRIPT.
8. ORGANISE AND PRESENT YOUR WORK CLEARLY AND LOGICALLY.
USEFUL DATA
Avogadro’s constant, NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1 Molar volume of gas at S.T.P = 22.4 dm3 mol-1
1 Joule = 1 J = 1 kg. m2. s-2 1 Faraday (F) = 96485 C mol-1

Universal Gas Constant R

8.3145 J mol-1 K-1 8.3145 k Pa L K-1 mol-1 0.083145 L bar mol-1 K-1
0.08206 L atm mol-1 K-1 62.364 L torr mol-1 K-1 62.364 L mmHg mol-1 K-1
Standard reduction potentials
-
Cu2+ + 2e ⟶ Cu 𝐸 ⦵ = +0.34 V

Note: The periodic table is printed on the last page

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SECTION A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
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1. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Oxidation and reduction half-reactions occur at electrodes in electrochemical cells.
B. All electrochemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons.
C. All galvanic cells involve the use of electricity to initiate nonspontaneous
chemical reactions
D. Reduction occurs at the cathode.
2. In the standard notation for a voltaic cell, the double vertical line "||" represents:
A. A phase boundary B. Gas electrode C. A wire (metal) connection D. A salt bridge
3. Which of the following statements is (are) true for all galvanic cells?
(I) Reduction occurs at the cathode.
(II) The anode gains mass during discharge (note: this means operation of the cell.)
(III) The voltage is less than or equal to zero.
A. Only III B. Only II C. Only I D. II and III
4. A concentration cell is constructed by placing identical Cu electrodes in two Cu2+
solutions. If the concentrations of the two Cu2+ solutions are 1.0 M and 0.0020 M,
calculate the potential of the cell.
A. 0.080 V B. 1.2 V C. 0.030 V D. 1.0 V
5. In an electrolytic cell the electrode at which the electrons enter the solution is called the
______ ; the chemical change that occurs at this electrode is called _______.
A. Cathode, reduction B. Anode, oxidation C. Anode, reduction
D. Cannot tell unless we know the species being oxidized and reduced.
6. Use the data shown.
CH4 (𝑔) + 2F2 (𝑔) → CF4 (𝑔) + 2H2 (𝑔) Δ𝐻 ⦵ = −858 kJ mol−1
C(𝑠) + 2F2 (𝑔) → CF4 (𝑔) Δ𝐻 ⦵ = −933 kJ mol−1
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation of methane (CH4) in kJ mol–1?
A. −1791 B. +75 C. −75 D. +1791
7. Chlorine reacts with ethane to form chloroethane and hydrogen chloride.
Cl2 + C2 H6 → C2 H5 Cl + HCl

Bond Bond enthalpy

/kJ mol-1
C-Cl 346
C-H 413
Cl-Cl 243
H-Cl 432
C-C 347

What is the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ mol–1?

A. −1434 B. −122 C. +122 D. +1434
8. Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of bromine?
A. ½Br2(l) → Br(g) B. ½Br2(g) → Br(g) C. Br2(g) → 2Br(g) D. Br2(l) → 2Br(g)

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 9. Which is the correctly labelled reaction profile for an exothermic reaction? answer D

10. In an experiment, 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 HCl(aq) reacts with 50.0 cm3 of
1.0 mol dm−3 NaOH(aq).The energy released = 2500 J. The specific heat capacity of the
mixture is 4.18 J g−1 °C−1. What temperature change occurs in the reaction? Assume the
density of the resulting mixture is equal to that of water at 20°C (d = 1.0 g cm-3).
A. An increase of 6.0°C B. A decrease of 6.0°C
C. An increase of 12.0°C D. A decrease of 12.0°C
11. What type(s) of intermolecular forces exist in HBr and H2S?
A. London dispersion and dipole – dipole forces
B. London dispersion and ion – ion forces
C. Hydrogen bond and London dispersion forces
D. Ion – dipole and London dispersion forces
12. Which of the following has the highest melting point?
A. MgF2 B. MgCl2 C. MgBr2 D. MgI2
13. The vapour pressure of a substance is 21 torr at 300 K. what is the vapour pressure at
310 K, if the enthalpy of vapourisation is 24 kJ/mol.
A. 280 torr B. 28.6 torr C. 7.4 torr D. 28.8 torr
14. In the phase diagram of carbon dioxide, the fusion curve is ……

A. Curve AB B. Curve BD C. Curve BC D. Both AB and BD

15. What will be the freezing point of a solution, if 400 g of aluminium fluoride was
dissolved in 1600 g of water? Kf = −1.86.
A. 22.14°C B. 5.22°C C. 77.86°C D. – 22.14°C

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 16. The addition of a catalyst during a chemical reaction alters which of the following
quantities?
A. Enthalpy B. Internal energy C. Entropy D. Activation energy
17. A zero order reaction X → Product , with an initial concentration 0.02 M has a half-life
of 10 min. if one starts with concentration 0.04 M, then the half-life is
A. 10 s B. 5 min C. 20 min D. 15min
18. In a sample of pure water, only one of the following statements is always true at all
conditions of temperature and pressure. Which one is it?
A. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M B. [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7 M C. pOH = 7.0 D. [H3O+] = [OH-]
19. What is the concentration of a sodium acetate solution if the pOH of the solution is 9.4?
-8
A. 3.98 x10 M B. 2.51 x10-5 M C. 4.62 x10-8 M D. 1.5 x10-5 M
20. Consider the reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO(g), Kc = 0.10 at 2000oC.
Starting with initial concentrations of 0.040 mol/L of N2 and 0.040 mol/L of O2, calculate
the equilibrium concentration of NO in mol/L
A. 0.0055 mol/L B. 0.0096 mol/L C. 0.011 mol/L D. 0.080 mol/L

SECTION B ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

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1. The Hess’s cycle and data to calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of
MgCO3 are shown.

Compound ∆f 𝐻 ⦵ /kJ mol-1

CO2(g) −394
MgO(s) −602
MgCO3(s) −1096

Calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of MgCO3. [2 marks]
ΔH = 100 kJ mol-1
⦵
2. State the signs for ∆𝐺 ⦵ and 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 for a spontaneous reaction. [2 marks]

∆𝑮⦵ = Negative and 𝑬⦵

𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = Positive (1 mark each)

3. Write a balanced equation for the overall cell reaction represented below.

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 Pt | I2(s) | I–(aq) || Cl–(aq) | Cl2(g) | Pt
[2 marks]
I2(s) + 2Cl–(aq) → 2I–(aq) + Cl2(g)
(0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (marks)
ignore if the student omitted to include the states for both the products and reactants
4. What is the equilibrium constant for a reaction that has a value of ∆𝐺 ⦵ = - 41.8 kJ at 100℃?
[2 marks]
5
Keq =7.1 × 10
5. What are the units of k for the rate law: Rate = k[A][B]2, when the concentration unit is
mol/L and time is in seconds (s)? [2 marks]
mol-2L2s-1
6. Calcium chloride dissolves in water to the extent of 0.0017 g per 100 mL. Calculate the Ksp
for calcium chloride. [2 marks]
1.44 x 10-11
7. 0.3604 mol of calcium chloride is dissolved in 33.303 mol of water at 25℃. What is the
vapour pressure of the solution? (The vapour pressure of water is 23.8 torr at 25℃ ).
[2 marks]
23.05 torr
8. A solution is made by dissolving 0.038 mol of sucrose in water, producing 125 mL at 20°C.
What is the expected osmotic pressure at 20°C. [2 marks]
7.41 bar/ 7.31 atm/ 740.97 kpa/ 5557.73 torr/mmHg
9. What is the ∆𝑇𝑏 when 6 molal magnesium chloride is dissolved in water. The boiling point
elevation for water is 0.51 mol/kg . [2 marks]
9.18℃
10. How much heat is given off when a 602 g iron bar cools from 100°C to 25°C? The specific
heat capacity of Fe is 0.444 J g-1 °C-1. [2 marks]
4
Heat given off = 2.0 × 10 J
If the student gives this as a negative value, e.g., - 2.0 × 104 J, kindly accept this.

SECTION C ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

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1. In trying to determine the effect of concentration on the rate of a chemical reaction, a CHE
1000 student used the following procedure. Two test-tubes containing 10.0 mL each of
solution A and B were mixed. The time it took for the first appearance of iodine was
measured using starch indicator. The procedure was repeated 3 times at different
concentration of solution A (KIO3), while keeping the concentration of solution B constant.
Solution A contained 2.14 g per liter of KIO3 to which varying amounts of distilled water
were added.

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 Solution B contained 0.2 g Na2S2O3, starch, and 1 M H2SO4.
The following results were obtained.

Expt Soln A, Vwater (mL) Soln B, mole [KIO3] Reaction time, 1/t
V (mL) V (mL) KIO3 t (s)
1 10.0 0.0 10.0 26.09 0.038
2 5.0 5.0 10.0 58.84 0.017
3 1.0 9.0 10.0 250.47 0.004

(i) Complete the table above. [3 marks]

Expt Soln A V (mL) Vwater (mL) mole KIO3 [KIO3] Reaction time, t (s) 1/t
1 10 0 1.00E-04 5.00E-03 26.09 0.038
2 5 5 5.00E-05 2.50E-03 58.84 0.017
3 1 9 1.00E-05 5.00E-04 250.47 0.004

[0.5 marks for each value]

(ii) Which piece of equipment should be used to measure out the volumes used in each
experiment? Justify your choice. [2 marks]
10 mL pipette [1 mark]. This is because a pipette is accurate to the degree that the
volume delivered is equal to the specified volume or Generally, precision increases as
sample size increases [1 mark]
(iii)Explain why water was added to the flask in experiments 2 and 3. [1 mark]
The volume was kept at 20.00 ml in order to keep the concentration of solution B
constant [1 mark].
(iv) From these results explain how you would determine the order with respect to KIO3.
[4 marks]
From these results, a plot of 1/t (rate) vs. reactant concentration, [KIO3], is obtained
[1 mark]. The following graphs represent the first, second, and zero-order reactions.

[1 mark for each of the graphs shown]

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2. During electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) sulphate, 144,750 coulombs of electricity were
used. Calculate the mass of copper metal that was obtained. (Cu = 63.5 g/mol). [5 marks]

mcu =QMr/nF =(144750 × 63.5)/(2 × 96485) = 47.6 g

(1) (2) (2) marks
Accept alternative approach to arrive at the same answer
3. The diagram, which is not drawn to scale, shows the Born-Haber cycle for potassium
chloride. The energy changes given are in kJ mol–1. What is the value for W, in kJ mol–1?

[5 marks]
-1
Applying Hess’s law: W = - 437 + 711 + 349 – 122 – 419 = + 82 kJ mol
Distribution of marks: (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (2.5) marks
i.e., award 0.5 for each enthalpy value with its correct sign. Then 2.5 for the final answer
and correct units.
Alternatively, students can express any other enthalpy term in terms of all the others and
then solve for W. Accept these as well. See example below:
-437 = W + 419 + 122 – 349 – 711

4. The standard enthalpy change of combustion, Δ𝐻𝑐⦵ , of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (C8H18) is

−5461 kJ mol−1.
(i) State the two standard conditions for this enthalpy change. [1 mark]
Pressure = 1 atm; Temperature = 25 °C or 298 K; Concentatration = 1 M (0.5 marks
each) for any two options chosen

(ii) Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, using
molecular formulae. State symbols are not required. [2 marks]
2C8H18 + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O
(0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) marks
Alternatively, students may think they needed to write an equation corresponding
to standard enthalpy of combustion considering the data given in the opening
statement of this question. Therefore, if they write the balanced equation below,
kindly give them full marks.
𝟐𝟓
C8H18 + O2 8CO2 + 9H2O
𝟐

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 (iii) Draw a labelled enthalpy level diagram for the complete combustion of
2,2,4-trimethylpentane. [2 marks]

Ea
0.5 0.5
Enthalpy

0.5 ΔH

0.5

Reaction progress
Alternatively, students may just indicate the terms reactants (in place of 2C8H18 +
25O2) and products (in place of 16CO2 + 18H2O). You can still award them full
marks if they have done this.

5. The table shows the concentration of reactants A and B in mol dm-3 and the initial rate of
reaction in mol dm-3 s-1.

[A] [B] Initial rate/mol dm-3 s-1

1 0.20 0.20 0.4
2 0.20 0.40 1.6
3 0.40 0.20 0.8

(i) Determine the rate law. [3 mark]

2x = 4, x = 2 [1mark]
2y = 2, y = 1 [1mark]
1 2
Rate law = k[A] [B] [1 mark]
(ii) Find the value of the rate constant. [2 marks]
1 2
k = Rate/[0.2] [0.2] [1 mark]
k = 0.4/(0.2)1(0.2)2 = 50 M-2s-1 or mol-3dm-6s-1 [1mark]
6. Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.75 M lactic acid (Ka = 1.4 x 10-4) and 0.15 M
sodium acetate. [5 mark]
pH = pKa + log [base]/[acid] [1mark]
pH = -log1.4x10-4 + log(0.15)/(0.75) [2marks]
pH = 3.85 +log(0.2) [1mark]
pH = 3.85-0.698 = 3.15 [1mark]
7. Study the electrode potentials in the table below and answer the question that follow:

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 (Letters are not the actual symbols of elements)
(𝐸 ⦵ /Volts)
H2+(aq) + 2 e- → H(s) +0.34
2+ -
Z (aq) + 2e → Z(s) −2.38
+ -
G (aq) + e → G (s) +0.80
2+ -
T (aq) + 2e → T(s) −2.87

(i) Which one is the strongest reducing agent? [1 marks]

T(s)
(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that takes place when Z is dipped in a
solution of G+ ions. [2 marks]

Z(s) + 2G+(aq) ⟶ Z2+ (aq) + G(s)

(0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) marks

ignore if the student omitted to include the states

⦵
(iii) Calculate the 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 value of the reaction in (ii) above. [2 marks]

𝑬⦵
𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 = + 2.38 + 0.80 = 3.18 V

(1) (1) marks

[TOTAL = 40 Marks]
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 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

hydrogen helium
1 2
H He
1.00794 4.002602
lithium beryllium element name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
3 4 key atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be symbol B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012182 atomic mass 10.811 12.0107 14.00674 15.9994 18.9984 20.1797
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulphur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.98977 24.3050 26.981538 28.0855 30.97376 32.065 35.453 39.984
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.0983 40.078 44.95591 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.93805 55.845 58.9332 58.6934 63.546 65.409 69.723 72.64 74.9216 78.96 79.904 83.798
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.4678 87.62 88.90585 91.225 92.90638 95.94 [98] 101.07 102.9055 106.42 107.8682 112.411 114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.9045 131.293
caesium barium lutetium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.90545 137.327 174.967 178.49 180.9479 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.078 196.96655 200.59 204.3833 207.2 208.980 [209] [210] [222]
francium radium lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium ununbium ununquadium
87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114
Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uuq
[223] [226] [262] [261] [262] [266] [264] [269] [268] [271] [272] [285] [289]

lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
138.9055 140.116 140.90765 144.24 [145] 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.9253 162.50 164.930 167.259 168.934 173.04
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
[227] 232.038 231.0359 238.0289 [237] [244] [243] [247] [247] [251] [252] [257] [258] [259]

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