QURANIC PASSAGES (01-05)

ALLAH IN HIMSELF

PASSAGE 1: SURAH AL-BAQARAH (AYAT-UL-KURSI)

ََ ‫ۥ َّل تَا ْ ُخ ُذ ٗہ ِسـ َن ٌۃ َو ََّل ن َْو ٌٌۭم ل َ ٗہ َما ِِف‬۰‫ْـح َُي ال ْ َق َي ُْو ُم‬
‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت َو َما ِِف‬ َ ‫ اَل‬۰‫ہلل ََل اِل ٰ َہ اِ َّل ُھ َو‬
ُ َ ‫’’ ا‬
ٗٓ
ْ ‫ َم ْن ذَا الَ ِذ‬۰ٌۭ‫ْاّل َْر ِض‬
َ ْ َ‫ يَ ْعل َُم َما ب‬۰ٌۭ‫ي يَ ْش َف ُع ِع ْن َد ٗہ اِ َّل ِبـاِذْنِہ‬
‫ َو َّل‬۰‫ْي اَيْ ِديْ ِہ ْم َو َما َخل ْ َف ُھ ْم‬

‫ُـــو ُد ٗہ‬
ْ ‫ َو َّل يَـــــ‬۰‫ض‬ ََ ‫ َو ِس َع ك ُْر ِسـ َُي ُہ‬۰‫َن عِل ْ ِم ٓٗہ اِ َّل ِب َما َشا َء‬
َ ‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت َو ْاّل َْر‬ ْ ‫يُ ِح ْي ُط ْو َن بِ َش ْي ٍء ِم‬
‘‘‫ َو ُھ َوال ْ َعلِ َُي ال ْ َع ِظ ْي ُم‬۰‫ِحف ُْظ ُہ َما‬

Allah,There is no god but He, the living the self-subsisting,

etemal No slumb can seize Him nor sleep .His are all things
in the heavens and on earth.Who is that can intercede in His
presence except as He permits? He knows what is befor and
after or behind them. Nor shall they compass any of His
knowledge except as He wills .His Throne extends over the
heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in guarding
and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme
(Sure 2.255)

THEME
The theme of this verse is God Himself. These verses are from Surah at Baqarah known
as Ayat-ul-Kursi (verse of Throne) which is a Madni Surah. The verse with an expression
of Shahade thereby containing the fundamental part of iman-e-Mufassal,Tauhid.Then it
describes the qualities of God which we cannot comprehend thus telling us the fact that the
supremacy and greatness of Allah are beyond the capacity of the human mind.This
uniqueness of Lord mentioned elsewhere in The Quran. "Then He established Himself on
the Throne" and, "Say He is Allah the one and only.”
Additionally ,the passage tells us that God is free from the Human weaknesses as well as
he is free from time and space.

"But God is the One tree from all wants."

Moreover ,He has a perfect knowledge of everything and completely independent for His
survival. Lastly, His rule.amd power are over and authority is unshared by anyo and power
are over the whole universe and this authority is unshared by anyone .

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The theme of this verse is God Himself. These verses are from Surah at Baqarah known as
Ayat-ul-Karl verse of Thrones which is a Madni Surah.The verse starts with an expression
of Shahada thereby containing the fundamental part of Iman-e-Mufassal, Tauhid. Then it

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describes the qualitues of God which we cannot comprehend thus telling in the fact that
the supremacy and greatness of Allah are beyond the capacity of the human mind.This
uniqueness of Lord is mentioned elsewhere in The Quran;
"Then He established Himself on the Throne" and, "Say He
is Allah the one and only."

Additonally the passage tells us that God is free from the Human weaknesses as well as he
is free from time and space.
" But God is the one free from all wants."

Moreover, he has perfect knowledge of everything and completely Independent for His
survival, Lastly,His rule and power are over the whole universe and this authority is
unshared by anyone.

PASSAGE 2: SURAH AL AN'AM

‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت َو ْاّل َْر ِض ا َ ٰ َّن يَك ُْو ُن ل َ ٗہ َول ٌَد ََول َْم تَ ُك ْن لَ ٗہ َصا ِح َب ٌۃ َو َخل َ َق ك ُ ََل َش ْي ٍء َوہُ َو ِبك ُ ِ َل‬
َ ‫بَ ِد ْي ُع‬
‫ہلل َربَُك ُْم ََل اِل ٰ َہ اِ َّل ہُ َو َخالِ ُق ك ُ ِ َل َش ْي ٍء فَا ْع ُب ُد ْو ُہ َوہُ َو َعل ٰي ك ُ ِ َل َش ْي ٍء‬ ‫ ۝‬۱ ‫َش ْي ٍء عَلِ ْي ٌم ۝‬
ُ ‫ ٰذلِ ُك ُم ا‬۱
َ ‫ ۝‬۱ ‫ََوك ِْي ٌل ۝‬
ُ ْ ‫ َّل ت ُْد ِركُ ُہ ْاّلَبْ َص ُار َوہُ َويُ ْد ِركُ ْاّلَبْ َص َار َو ُہ َوالل َ ِط ْي ُف ال ْ َخ ِب‬۱
O‫ي‬

101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the
earth: how can He have a son when He has no consort? 102.
He created all things, and He has full knowledge of all
things. That is Allah, your Lord! there is no god but He, the
Creator of all things: then worship Him: and He has power
to dispose of all affairs. 103. No vision can grasp Him, but
His grasp is over all vision: He is above all comprehension,
yet is acquainted with all things. (Sura 6. 101-103)

THEME
Surah Anam is a Makki Surah, which elaborates Tauhid explaining fundamental aspects of
unity of Allah and describing how Allah is the creator of the universe. These verses
describe the general spiritual enlightenment of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS). It also further rejects
any misconception and confusion of Auch having a family, Allah does not have a spouse,
nor does He have a son.
"He begets not, nor is He begotten;" and "No son did Allah
beget nor is there any God along with Him."

Nothing is hidden from Him as He is not confined to time and space. Moreover, He is the
one and only and therefore the only one worthy of being worshipped. Allah has complete
authority over the whole universe and His sublime nature cannot be convened by the

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limited senses of humans However, He is all acquainted with others by many people,
unfortunately.

IMPORTANCE THE THEME

The theme of this passage i.e.Tauhid is the article of faith on which the whole religion
islam is based therefore emphasizing how important this theme is in our lives today. It
reminds us of the fact that Shik alone is the unforgivable sin as He alone is worthy to be
bowed down before.
"Allah forgives not that partners be set with Him." and "your
Lord has decreed that you worship none but him."
This way the theme tells us to keep away from sins. Moreover, we get to that Allah has the
authority over the whole universe, so nothing is hidden from him.
This encourages us to do good deeds. Besides this,it answers the most asked question of
the unbeliever i.e. how does Allah look like? It tells us that the sublime nature of Allah
makes Him imperceivable by our senses and so His attributes and uniqueness are beyond
the capacity of one mind. This way our faith is strengthened as we know we can't see Him
with our eyes but still "He is nearer to man than His jugular vein".

QURANIC PASSAGES (01-05)

ALLAH IN HIMSELF
PASSAGE 3: SURAH AL-FUSSILAT
ْ ‫ِلش ْم ِس َو َّل لِلْق ََم ِر َو‬
‫اس ُج ُد ْوا لِل ِہ‬ َ ‫ِن ٰايٰ ِت ِہ ال َ ْي ُل َوال ََن َہ ُار َوا‬
َ ‫لش ْم ُس َوالْق ََم ُر َّل ت َْس ُج ُد ْوا ل‬ ْ ‫َوم‬
‫ي َخل َ َق ُہ َن اِ ْن كُ ْن ُت ْم اِ َيا ُہ ت َْع ُب ُد ْو َن۝‬
ْ ‫ال َ ِذ‬

37. Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun
and the moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but adore
Allah, who created them, if it is Him you wish to serve (Sura
41.37)

THEME
Surah Fussilat is a Makki Surah. The main theme of this Surah is about God Himself as the
Surah refers to the signs and phenomena which reflects Allah's unity and Majesty it is
stated in The Quran:
"Behold! The creation of Heaven's and Earth; in the
alternation of day and night... are signs for the people who
are wise." (2:54)
Thus, this tells us about the power of Allah. Another theme of this Surah is oneness-that
one should only worship, the Creator of sun an moon instead of the creations. Allah is the

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most superior and no one can attain the quality of perfection like him. Another aspect of
these

verses can be seen as 'God's creations which are the stars-which reflect the Supremity of
God and his power. In earlier times, people to worship sun and the moon but here Allah
has revealed that those are only his signs and over which only he has the power to control.
Therefore, we should not associate partners with him or think of anything else as the God.
Allah has given his believers a point to ponder-if his created signs (sun and the moon) are
so marvelous how great he would be who has created all this.

"and (He) created the sun, the moon, and the stars, subjected
by his command. Unquestionably, His is the creation and the
command; blessed is Allah, Lord of the worlds."

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The passage is about encouraging the Muslim's to witness different things in nature which
reflects the presence of Allah and His majesty this also makes us realize that they koare
created to benefit us. Through this, we can remember the countless blessings of Allah
bestowed upon us Therefore, it can be said that this theme is responsible for keeping
humans away from shirk and make them bound to worship the only one Allah himself has
said this in the Quran elsewhere:
"It is Allah why is my Lord and your Lord; then worship
Him." And "Your Lord decreed that you worship none but
Him."
Moreover, by looking at His creation, we can identity our real Lord since we cannot see
Him physically. In such a way we are encouraged to develop a strong belief in Tauhid.
This is why the Quran frequently refers to the need of pondering and observing:
"Verily, in the alternation of the night and day, and all that
God has created in the heaven and the Earth, are signs for
those who fear Him."
Hence, this is now this theme is important in our lives since it guides us to the "straight
path" and makes us reflect on Allah's wonderous creations.

PASSAGE 4: SURAH AL SHURA

‫ِن َف ْو ِق ِہ ََن‬ ََ ‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت َو َما ِِف ْاّل َْر ِض َو ُہ َوال ْ َع ِل َُي ال ْ َع ِظ ْي ُم۝تَك َا ُد‬
ْ ‫الس ٰم ٰو ُت يَ َتف ََط ْر َن م‬ ََ ‫ل َ ٗہ َما ِِف‬
َ ‫َوال َْم ٰۗل ٰ ِى َك ُۃ ُي َس َِب ُح ْو َن ِب َح ْم ِد َر ِبَ ِہ ْم َويَ ْس َت ْغ ِف ُر ْو َن ل َِم ْن ِِف ْاّل َْر ِض ا َ ََل اِ َن ا‬
‫ہلل ُہ َوال ْ َغف ُْو ُر‬

‫الر ِح ْي ُم۝‬
َ

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 4. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth: and
He is most high, most great. 5. The heavens are almost rent
asunder from above them, and the angels celebrate the
praises of their Lord, and pray for forgiveness for beings on
earth: Behold! Verily Allah is He, the oft-forgiving, the most
merciful. (Sura 42.4-5)

THEME
Surah Al Shura was revealed right after Surah Fussilat in Makkah. The verses above are
from Surah Al Shura and its theme is Tauhid; one of God. The Surah discusses the supreme
authority of Allah over the entire universe and its beings - the angel and the humans. He is
the on one who rules and has the most exalted status. Allah enjoys unshared authority over
the entire universo. The same theme is repeated countless times in The Quran:
"His are all things in heaven and on the Earth."
Furthermore, the verses also point out towards the belief in Angels. The angels are his
creation who worship him and speak of his glory at a times as written in the Quran:
"They (angels) celebrate His praises and bow down before
Him."

Here, it could also be noted that Allah is the one who has created Angels who do their
duties towards their Lord while humans have been giver characteristic of free-will. Humans
are most likely to make mistakes. So, the angels ask for the forgiveness of humans who
tend to disobey Him. Lastly, it emphasizes on the fact that Allah has forgiving nature and
he is very generous and merciful. Allah's overarching mercy forgives even those who make
gravest mistakes, except Shirk This has also been mentioned in Surah Baqarah,
"Verily, He is One Who forgives (accepts repentance), the
Most Merciful." QURANIC PASSAGES (01-05)

THEME
ALLAH IN HIMSELF
PASSAGE 5: SURAH AL-IKHLAS

AL-IKHLAS

‫الص َم ُد۝ ل َْم َيلِ ْد َول َْم ُي ْول َْد۝ َول َْم يَ ُك ْن لَ ٗہ كُف ًُوا ا َ َح ٌد۝‬ ُ َ ‫ہلل ا َ َح ٌد۝ا‬
َ ‫ہلل‬ ُ ‫قُ ْل ُہ َوا‬

1. Say: He is Allah, the one and only; 2. Allah, the eternal,

absolute; 3. He does not beget, nor is He begotten; 4. And
there is none like Him. (Sura 112)

THEME

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 Surah Al ikhlas is about the uniqueness of Allah himself and it was revealed in Makkah
when the pagans questioned about the nature of Allah. Firstly, it tells the fact that Allah is
one and Only are there is no plurality of Allah;
"take not for worship two Gods: for He is just one God."
Then it tells us that Allah is eternal and absolute. This means He has always been there
and will always be as written in The Quran:
"Ha the First and the Last."
Also, He is free from space and time, so he is the only one worthy of being worshiped.
The Surah further mentions that Allah doesn't have an ancestor or descendant. The same
concept is in the verses of Surah Al-Anam:
"How can He have a son when He has no consort?"

All of this makes Him matchless as written in this Surah's last verse and this makes shirk
as the only unforgivable sin.

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The theme of this Surah purifies the faith of believers, and this is the reason it is named Al-
Ikhlas (purity of faith). It highlights the sublime nature of Allah that makes Him
unmatchable and thereby stops us from committing shirk since it makes us realize that shirk
is the only unforgivable sin in the sight of Allah:
"Allah forgives not that partners be set up with him, but He
forgives anything else to whom He pleases."
Only He is worthy to be worshiped.
"Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him."

This is why Muslim's recite Surah Ikhlas along with other three Outs (Surah 109, 113,114)
in order to reject shirk and
"Seek refuge with the Lord, the Cherisher."

The fact that Prophet (SAW) declared it be equivalent to one by third of The Quran testifies
the significance of its theme as well as the Surah itself in our daily lives. The same theme
is repeatedly mentioned in The Quran.

"And your God is One God."

Hence,proving it's significance.

MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES

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ALLAH IN HIMSELF
Q. USING QURANIC PASSAGES, YOU HAVE STUDIED, WRITE ABOUT THE
MAIN TEACHINGS ABOUT GOD IN THE QURAN.(10)
OR FROM THE QURANIC PASSAGES YOU HAVE STUDIES, WRITE ABOUT
HOW/WHAT ALLAH INFORMS HIS CREATED WORLD QURAN 1703 ABOUT
HIMSELF?
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. One of the themes in the Holy Quran is of 'God in Himself'.

2.Passeges talk about Tauhid that Allah is One, he a supreme being,Creator, Sustainer,
Master of the Universe and the concept is the first and main principle of islam.
3.Ayatul Kursi mentions six attributes of Allah in a single verse the Divine oneness
(Wahdaniyat Allah Most Hign, His Life (Hayat), His Knowledge (Ilm), His Kingdom
(Milk). His Divine Power (Qudrat) and His Will (Iradah)
4"Allah, there is no God but He, the Living, the self-subsisting, Eternal."

5. Allah has no humanistic characteristics and He is beyond our imaginations .

6 ."No slumber can seize him nor sleep"
7. Allah is the creator of this universe that means He has the ultimate authority and power
over it and regarding this the Quran says:
"Then He established himself on the throne."

8. Surah Fussilat Allah says, "Adore not the sun and the moon but adore Allah, who created
them." Allah is the creator of all things but only He alone should be worshipped not his
creations. Surah Ikhlas reiterates the concept of Tauhid and enforces the faith in the
existence of only one God. "He begets not nor is He begotten" and "And there is none like
Him"
10. Surah Al Ana'am talks about the power and authority of God. "And He has the power
to dispose off all affairs." How everything is under His control and everything happens
with His knowledge and permission, "He created all things and He has full knowledge of
all things." 11. Surah Shura discusses Allah being Omnipotent which includes "the
Heavens and the Earth". Everything happens according to Allah's will and this power is
only unique to the creator of the universe.
12. A believer's faith revolves around this - oneness of Allah; not associating any partners
with him. He has no sons or family, He is not son of anyone.

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13. Surah Fussilat Allah says, "Adore not the sun and the moon but adore Allah, who
created them."-one must not worship celestial bodies.

14. Allah is the creator of all things but only He alone should be worshipped not his
creations.
15. Moreover, by looking at His creation, we can identify our real Lord since we cannot
see Him physically, in such a way we are encouraged to develop a strong belief in Tauhid.
16. Surah Al Ana'am talks about the power and authority of God, "And He has the power
to dispose off all affairs." How everything is under His control.

17. Everything happens with His knowledge and permission, "He created all things and He
has full knowledge of all things."
18. Allah knows the past, present and future; the Ever Knowing.

19. Surah Shura discusses Allah being all-powerful; he has authority over "the Heavens
and the Earth".
20. Everything happens according to Allah's will and this power is only unique to the
creator of the universe.
21. The mountains or the earth can crumble to dust if he wishes. He alone is the master of
everything.

ANSWER:
The Holy Quran is a divine message from our creator and has many themes that serve as
light for our many everyday life issues as Islam is a lifestyle. One such theme that we have
also studied is 'God in Himself' which gives us the comprehension of the Oneness,
personality and attributes of Allah as Himself and our creator and sustainer. The passages
that we have studied give us the knowledge of Tawhid; that Allah is One, he is a supreme
being, Creator, Sustainer, Master of the Universe and this concept is the first and main
principle of Islam. Many surahs of Quran talk about "God in Himself".
Ayat ul Kursi mentions six attributes of Allah in a single verse; the Divine Oneness
(Wahdaniyyat) of Allah Most High, His Life (Hayat), His Knowledge ('Ilm), His Kingdom
(Milk), His Divine Power (Qudrat) and His Will (Iradah). Verse of Throne clearly defines
the Oneness of Allah and that He is an ever living being "Allah, there is no God but He,
the Living, the self-subsisting, Eternal." Through understanding the Quran, we realize that
it is impossible for us to completely under stand our God as by nature He is sublime and
beyond our limited imagination and understanding. Ayat al Kursi verse "No slumber can
seize him nor sleep" emphasizes the sublime nature of God as He is nothing like his
creations, He never gets tired and is ever present. Allah is the creator of my universe that
means He has the ultimate and power over it and regarding this the Quran says: "then He
established himself on the throne."

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MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES
ALLAH IN HIMSELF
Surah Ikhlas reiterates the concept of Tawhid and enforces the faith in the existence of only
one God. In this Surah, the Quran and through that Allah rejects polytheism and
emphasizes that Allah has no physical relationship with any of His creations.

"He begets not nor is He begotten."

In Surah Ikhlas Allah also dismissed the idea of associating partners with Him thereby,
forbidding shirk, "And there is none like Him" this verse strongly emphasizes that not only
God is one and He is the Master of the Universe but also that it is unfeasible for any being
to exist like Him. Moreover, in this Surah it mentioned that he has no children nor is he a
son of someone, meaning he is ever existent and not like any other human or angel.

Allah is the master of universe and everything in it has been created by Allah but that does
not mean we should worship those created things, this message was revealed to the
Muslims in Surah Fussilat where Allah says, "Adore not the sun and the moon but adore
Allah, who created them." The celestial bodies and the cycle of nature are creations of
Allah and are meant to be appreciated and taken as a sign of his existence as the creator
and sustainer and not as beings to be wor shipped

Absolute authority and power of Allah is described in Surah Al An'am in which the concept
of Oneness of God is reinforced and emphasizes that since Allah is the creator of the
universe, everything in it happens according to His will and His alone .
"And He has the power to dispose off all affairs." Allah is Omnipotent, Omnipresent and
all knowing. God knows what has happened, what is happening, and what will happen,
there is no knowledge that is hidden from Him, "He created all things and He has full
knowledge of all things. These verses also strengthen the faith of Muslims in the two
articles of faith: Unity and Oneness and Predestination and Decree
Last but not the least, Surah Al-Shura is about Allah being supreme authority over all which
includes "the Heavens and the Earth". Everything happens according to Allah's will in the
universe he has created, not a single leaf moves without His commandment, nothing can
happen without His decree. This power is unique to Allah which makes Him the Ultimate
and Greatest As He is the creator of all beings, we can only ask forgiveness from Him as
He is our master and He will forgive those who seek His forgiveness, for he is the most
Merciful.

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QURANIC PASSAGES (06-10)
ALLAH & HIS CREATED WORLD

PASSAGE 6: SURAH AL-FATEHA

‫لك يَ ْو ِم‬
ِ ‫۝م‬ َ ‫۝الر ْح ٰم ِن‬
ٰ ‫الر ِح ْي ِم‬ َ ‫ْي‬ َ ْ ‫الر ِح ْي ِم۝ اَل َْح ْم ُد لِل ِہ َر َِب ال ْ ٰعل َ ِم‬
َ ‫الر ْح ٰم ِن‬
َ ‫ہلل‬
ِ ‫ِب ْس ِم ا‬

َ ‫۝ص َر َاط الَ ِذي َْن اَنْ َع ْم‬

‫ت‬ ِ ‫الص َر َاط ال ُْم ْس َتـ ِق ْي َم‬ ُ ْ ‫ال َ ِدي ِْن۝اِ َيَاكَ ن َْع ُب ُد َواِ َيَاكَ ن َْس َت ِع‬
َِ ‫ْي۝اِ ْھ ِدنَا‬

َ ْ َ ِ‫الضاٰۗل‬
‫ْي۝‬ َ ‫ض ْو ِب عَل َْي ِہ ْم َو َّل‬ ِ ْ ‫عَل َْي ِہ ْۙۥم غ‬
ُ ‫َي ال َْم ْغ‬

1. In the name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful. 2.

Praise be to Allah, the cherisher and sustainer of the worlds:
3. Most gracious, most merciful: 4. Master of the day of
judgment. 5. You we worship, and your aid we seek. 6. Show
us the straight way. 7. The way of those to whom You have
given your grace, not those who earn your anger, nor those
who go astray. (Sura 1)

THEME
Surah Al-Fatihah is the opening chapter of The Quran and also the first complete Surah
that was revealed in Makkah. This Surah primarily focuses on the relationship between the
world and Allah. It explains the attributes of Allah. Nevertheless, the first three verses of
the Surah deals with Tauhid. It declares that Allah alone is the sustainer of the entire
universe, be it known or unknown worlds to us. He is the ultimate source of mercy. justice
as well as the Lord of the Day of Reckoning. This makes Him matchless with anything and
so He is the Only One to be worshiped since He is the One we will all return to on the final
judgment, He is the one who guides all of us to the right path and no one can be guided by
his own self or Nafs. So, it is man's duty to beg before Him for guidance as written in the
Quran:
"and your Lord says: Call Me, I shall answer your
supplication."

Moreover, this Surah also reminds us of the consequences of following this very code of
conduct ongoing astray while following the footsteps of the devil. As a result, we should
praise and thank Him only for all He has given us.
"All praises and thanks are due to Allah who has removed
from us all the grief."

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

10
The Surah is the only Surah that was revealed twice, first In Makkah and then in Madinah
which shows us the importance of this Surah in The Quranic text By this Surah, we are told
that we should worship Allah alone and this is the straight path that we should follow. For
this we should beg for His mercy.
"for He is oft-forgiving, most merciful."

And one should only ask for guidance from Him because
"He has inscribed for Himself the rule of Mercy."
This way we can avoid going to the wrong path which the previous civilizations fell prey
to, and we can shape the code of our lives .Moreover,it’s theme also keeps us away from
shirk particularly in His attributes, which are matchless. Besides this, we get to know that
Allah is just and that He will do justice on the Day of Judgment. So, the theme is virtual as
it encourages us to do good deeds since we will then be rewarded on this day.
"And only on the Day of Judgment shall you be paid your
full recompense."
Furthermore, this Surah's recitation is mandatory in daily prayers as said by the Prophet
(SAW):
"No prayer is accepted without Al-Fateha."

Thus, this emphasizes on the significance of this Surah.

PASSAGE 7: SURAH AL BAQARAH

ْ ‫ِن قَ ْبلِكُ ْم ل َ َعلَ ُك ْم تَ َتق ُْو َن۝ ال َ ِذ‬

‫ى‬ ْ ‫ى َخل َ َقك ُْم َوال َ ِذي َْن م‬ ُ ‫يٰٓٗا َ ُيَ َہا ال ََن‬
ْ ‫اس ا ْع ُب ُد ْوا َربَك ُُم ال َ ِذ‬
َ ‫الس َماٰۗ ِء َماٰۗ ًء فَا َ ْخ َرجَ بِہ م‬
‫ِن ال َث َم ٰر ِت‬ َ ‫ِن‬َ ‫َالس َماٰۗ َء بِ َناٰۗ ًء ََواَنْ َز َل م‬ َ ‫َج َع َل ل َ ُك ُم ْاّل َْر‬
ً ‫ض ِف َر‬
َ ‫اشا َو‬
‫ِر ْزقًا لَ ُك ْم فَ ََل ت َْج َعل ُْوا لِل ِہ اَن َْدادًا ََواَنْ ُت ْم ت َْعل َُم ْو َن۝‬

21. O people! Adore your Guardian-Lord, who created you

and those who came before you, so that you may have the
chance to learn righteousness: 22. Who has made the earth
your couch, and the heavens your canopy: and sent down
rain from the heavens, and by it brought forth fruits for your
sustenance; then do not set up rivals to Allah, when you
know. (Sura 2.21-22)

QURANIC PASSAGES (06-10)

ALLAH & HIS CREATED WORLD

THEME

11
The theme of this passage is "God and His created world" and "righteousness and piety."
These first two verses outline Allah's power to Create and make arrangements for the
sustenance and growth of mankind through all ages similar to Surah Al-Alaq
"Taught man the use of pen and Taught man which he knew
not".

It was Allah Almighty who created everyone from the beginning and taught them wordly
and divine knowledge. This was so that they could learn righteousness and piety. After
this, the passage particularly describes Allah's dual arrangements of physical and spiritual
development t humans through all ages. Allah bestowed man with blessings where Earth
is a perfect dwelling place for him, and sky is made a roof. He (Allah) is the one who sends
rain which grows all kinds of fruits and vegetations By keeping in mind all these countless
blessings, we should not hold any partners to Him since He alone is the Master of
everything.
"Praise to be Allah the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds.

IMPORTANCE OF THEME
This Surah, on one hand, mentions enormous favours on menkind, on the other hand,
stresses on indicating Taqwa and expressing gratitude for the countiess bounties of God
bestowed upon us.
"Then which of the bounties of your Lord will you deny?"

By this Surah, we realize that He alone is worthy to be worshipped as His signs are
evorywhere. Thus, this passage is important as it develop piety and fear of Allah by
observing His creations .

"Behold! The creation of heavens and Earth; in the alter of

the day and the night are signs for the people who are wise."
A man realizes Allah's absolute power in this Surah and also gets the message of
punishment for those who knowingly comit sin of associating partners with him. We
Muslim's develop Taqwa which is the focal point or a Muslims life as we leam He alone
deserves all praizes. So, we sin cerely worship Him and refrain from sins. These verses are
also a food for thought for a believer- to ponder over all the blessings God has sent down
upon us e.g rain which pours from the sky and nourishes the plants which we feed upon.
This whole mechanism is so unique in bell that a person realizes that only Allah, the exalted
has the power to do it. Therefore, one must not indulge in worshipping any deity, idol or
anything else.

PASSAGE 8: SURAH AL ALAQ

12
 ْ ‫ِن عَل َ ٍق۝اِق َْرا ْ َو َر ُبَ َك ْاّلَك َْر ُم۝الَ ِذ‬
‫ي َعلَ َم‬ ْ ‫ان م‬
َ ‫ي َخل َ َق۝ َخل َ َق ْاّلِن َْس‬ْ ‫اس ِم َر ِبَ َك الَ ِذ‬
ْ ‫اِق َْرا ْ ِب‬
‫ان َما ل َْم َي ْعل َْم۝‬َ ‫ِبال ْ َقل َِم۝ َعل َ َم ْاّلِن َْس‬

1. Read! in the name of your Lord, who created, 2. Created

man out of a clot of congealed blood: 3. Proclaim! And your
Lord is most bountiful, 4. He who taught by the pen. 5.
Taught man what he did not know. (Sura 96.1-5)

THEME
The theme of this Makki Surah is Allah's relationship with His created world. These were
the first 5 verses revealed to Prophet (SAW) in the cave of Hira, where he used to go for
meditation, in Ramadan 610 A.D. Angel Gibrael bought the revelation which marked the
beginning of Divine Reve lation for the next 23 years. The verses describe the origin of
man l.e. from a congealed clot of blood. It then mentions the power and favour of Allah on
use. He created us from just a clot of blood and then ensured the survival as well as the
growth of mankind. He matured him physically, intellectually and spiritually by enabling
him to read and write (use of pen). On the other hand, our ability to get knowledge means
to learn both worldly and divine sciences so that man is able to find means of physical
survival along with taking care of his intellectual and spiritual development. The same
theme is mentioned in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 21-27
"who has made Earth your couch (physical growth) and
heavens your canopy (spiritual growth)."
Allah who has taught us everything, so we are totally dependent on Him.

IMPORTANCE OF THEME
This passage makes man conscious of the fact that this origin is low ,but it is his creator 's
bountifullness that he is blessed with the faculty to think to acquire knowledge which is a
gift from Allah. It is due to this gift that we achieve such big things. This teaches us that
we shouldn't become arrogant ny denying the bounded of Allah instead of we should
remain humble but do not think Allah's gift as our own achievement .

"Then which of the bounties of your Lord will you deny".

This way we remian humble and do good deeds in our daily lives. Moreover, we Muslim's
by this theme, resort only to the One Allah and ask from Him alone since He alone can
answer prayers and the one worthy of being worshipped. Besides this it reminds us of being
the Ashraf _ul_ Makhloqat as mentioned in Quran,
"We have indeed created man in the best of molds."

13
Therefor ,we must seek his guidance and acquire knowledge in order to benefit others.
Thus,this theme plays a vital role in our daily lives.

QURANIC PASSAGES (06-10)

ALLAH & HIS CREATED WORLD
PASSAGE 9 SURAH AL-ZILZA

‫ان َما ل َ َہا۝يَ ْو َم ِى ٍذ‬

ُ ‫َال ْاّلِن َْس‬ َ ‫ض اَثْقَال َ َہ‬
َ ‫ا۝وق‬ ِ ‫ا۝وا َ ْخ َر َج‬
ُ ‫ت ْاّل َْر‬ َ ‫ض ِزل ْ َزال َ َہ‬
ُ ‫اِذَا ُزل ِْزل َِت ْاّل َْر‬
‫ي ْوا ا َ ْع َمال َ ُہ ْم۝فَ َم ْن‬ ُ ‫ا۝با َ َن َر َبَ َك ا َ ْو ٰٰح ل َ َہا۝يَ ْو َم ِى ٍذ َيَ ْص ُد ُر ال َن‬
َ ُ َ ِ‫اس ا َ ْش َتاتًا ل‬ ِ َ‫ت َُح َ ِدثُ ا َ ْخ َب َارہ‬
َ ‫۝و َم ْن َيَ ْع َم ْل ِم ْثق‬
‫َال ذ ََر ٍۃ َش ًَرا َي َر ٗہ۝‬ َ ‫يا يَ َر ٗہ‬ َ ‫َيَ ْع َم ْل ِم ْثق‬
ً ْ ‫َال ذ ََر ٍۃ َخ‬

1. When the earth is shaken to her utmost convulsion. 2 And

the earth throws up her burdens, 3 And man cries out: What
is the matter with her?, 4. On that day will she declare her
tidings: 5. For that your Lord will have given het inspiration.
6. On that day will men proceed in companies sorted out, to
be shown their deeds. 7. Then shall anyone who has done an
atom's weight of good see it! 8. And anyone who has done
an atom weight of evil shall see it. (Sura 99)

THEME
This Surah is late Makki Surah, yet some scholars say it was an early Madni Surah. It
refers to the tremendous convulsion and uprooting which will take place of the Day of
Judgment when the earth will be shaken to the extent of its possibility, the present of the
world will dissolve and the new spiritual word of Truth and Justice will take its place. On
that day, everyone would come out from every corner of the Earth, including the most
secret ones which had been hidden. Thus, telling us about life after death. These people
will proceed to receive judgment, and they will receive their book of Deeds which will be
presented to each man and people will be amazed to see that every big and small matter is
mentioned in it Allah says

"and when the graves are turned upside down (then) shall each soul know what it has sent
forward and (what it has ) kept back." The righteous will be rewarded more generously
than what they will actually deserve, and their minor sins will be forgiven if they had
safeguarded against the major sins. Thus, this Surah tells us about the Justice of Allah and
His mercy. Allah says in the Quran.

"Every soul will be paid in full the (fruit of) its deeds and
Allah knows best all that they do." (39.70).
And

14
 "On the Day when every soul will be confronted with all the
good it has done, and all the evil it has done..." (3:30)

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The belief in the Day of Judgment is one of the theme articles of faith and it shapes the
character of a Muslim. It makes us aware of what will happen on the Day of Judgment
using a symbol that of an earthquake which is terrifying phenomena and its power can
destroy and uproot the strongest building . Allah says on another occasion in the Quran.
"And when the earth is flattened out, and casts forth what is
whithin it and becomes (clean) empty."
It awares us of the confusion and bewilderment of the dead when they will rise to live.
Thus, telling us to be mentally ready for the Day of Judgment and all of us to do good
deeds, therefore.
This Surah tell us how we will receive judgment and uses the symbol of conclusions, which
shows how helpless humans are in the face of Allah's wrath. The Quran says:
"O mankind! Fear your Lord surely the quaking of the hour
will be a terrible thing." (22:1).
Then it is also said:

"The day, the trumpet shall be sounded, and you shall come
forth in crowds."

This verse tells us that we will proceed in companies to receive judgment. We also
understand that even if we escape punishment in this world, we will not be to do so in the
hereafter. It reminds us of resurrection and the last day which is an article of faith in Islam.
Zarrah (an atom's weight) refers to the subtlest form of good and evil which will be done
openly and convincingly. The sense of accountability makes us righteous and God-fearing
in or daily lives.

QURANIC PASSAGES (06-10)

ALLAH&HIS CREATED WORLD
PASSAGE 10: SURAH AL NAS

ِ ‫اس۝۝ۥۙ ال ْ َخ ََن‬
‫اس۝‬ ِ ‫اس۝اِل ٰ ِہ ال ََن‬
ْ ‫اس۝م‬
ِ ‫ِن َش َِر ال َْو ْس َو‬ ِ ‫اس۝ َملِ ِك ال ََن‬
ِ ‫قُ ْل ا َ ُع ْوذُ ِب َر َِب ال ََن‬

ِ ‫ِن ال ْ ِج ََن ِۃ َوال ََن‬

‫اس۝‬ ِ ‫ي ُي َو ْس ِو ُس ِِفْ ُص ُد ْو ِر ال ََن‬
َ ‫اس۝م‬ ْ ‫ال َ ِذ‬

1 Say: seek refuge with the Lord of mankind. 2. The King of

mankind. 3. The God of Mankind. 4. From the mischief of

15
 the whisperer who withdraws, & Who whispers into the
hearts of mankind, & Among jinns and among mankind
(Sura 114)

THEME
It concludes Quran was revealed together with Surah Al-Falaq and surah Nas are called
by a common name "Mu'wadaltain it tells about God's relationship with His csated world.
It refers to the occasions when magic and charms were being worked on the Prophet
(SAW). It says that evil forces attack a man and to the act of whispering to deviate man
from the right path.These forces might be of Satan, or men or the evil inclination of mans
own will. The Surah diacusses the threefold relationships in which man stands to God He
provides all the necessities and protection The Quran says

"When you read the Ouran, seek Allah's protection against

the avil ones." (1656)
It especially warns us against the evils in our heart. As Allah is the most powerful, He can
protect us from all evils especially internal ones.

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

It mentions the necessity of seeking Allah's protection from internal evils This power of
evil may be Satan or evil men or inclinations:
"Evil ones among men and Jins, inspiring each other with
flowering discourses by the way of deception." 16:112).
Since Surah Nas was ordered to Prophet (SAW) to recite as the time when magic was cast
on Him, a man should also recite this Surah at such times. Allah is the mans Lord. Maker,
and Cherisher He sustains him and cares for him. He provides him with all the means for
his growth and development and his protection against evil Thus, this Surah reminds us of
the countiess blessings of Allah. He has given laws to lead to his Welfare This Surah
encourages us to retain from all bad deeds and awares us of Satanic Forces it tells us that
refuge is to be sought from the the very root of evil i.e. the secret suggestion of evil this is
why the Quran says

"And say: 0 my lord, seek refuge with The from the

suggestions of evil one."
And at another place.

"If a suggestion from Satan assall the (mind) seek refuge

with Allah..." (7:20)

16
MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES
ALLAH & HIS CREATED WORLD

0. FROM THE QURAN WRITE ABOUT GOD'S RELATIONSHIP WITH

HUMANKIND. (ALLAH AND HIS CREATED WORLD)
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The passages in Quran were filled with information regarding the relationship between
Allah and the mankind
2. Quran guided them about their actions in their lives, behavior and treatment of their
wrongdoing
3. The first Surah of Quran, Surah Al-Fateha shows Allah's relationship with the mankind;
tells about one God, the most merciful and benevolent.

4. It is like a prayer, it tells He can show us the right path to live our lives. He is the only
one who deserves glory and worship.
5. As it is stated in the Quran, "Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and sustainer of the
Worlds." [1:2]
6. Another Surah, Surah Al-Naas (114) clearly explains the reliance of humankind on
Allah; Allah's protection.

7. Only Allah can protect His people from all kind of evils, both internal as well as external;
8. People must seek refuge from Him, instead from other mankind in the world. As the
verse, in the Surah says, "Say: 1 seek refuge with the Lord of Mankind." [114:1]
9. Another Surah. Surah Zilzal, says that the whole world is dependent on Allah; he controls
all decisions: the ruler of everything as well as the day of judgment.

10. The Earth will explode and tremble upon Allah's order; everyone must answer for their
actions. 11. As the Surah says. "Then shall anyone who has done an atom's weight of good,
shall see it and anyone who has done an atom's weight of evil shall see it." [99:7-8]

12. Surah Alaq, tells us about the Creator (one God) and his mankind: In this passage. God
instructs us to gain comprehension by writing ,studying and scrutinizing things.
13.it says ,"Read in the name of your lord,who created".

14.This passage also tells us about the way God has made mankind different from all other
creatures by giving them knowledge ,as the Surah again says ,"He who taught by the
pen,Taught man which he knew not."

17
15.Surah Baqarah (2:21-22) tells us that God is the one who maintain and nourishes this
universe .

16. He is the only one who provides everything to mankind, such as heavens and the earth,
rain and growth of fruits;
17. "Who has made the earth your couch and the heavens your canopy; and sent down
rain from the heavens...." (2:22)
18. This Surah also guidges us about the oneness of Allah, and about shirk, as it says, "then
do not set up rivals to Allah, when you know" asks the believers to not worship any deity
or idols or celestial bodies.

ANSWER:
Allah is the creator of this universe; every being and thing belongs to Him and He is the
Sustainer. The Holy Quran is divine text from the creator to His creations about the world
that He has created, how through the created world we are linked to Him and His
relationship with his creation including the humankind. There are different passages in the
gHoly Quran that discuss all this, for example one-way humans are connected to their
creator is; God gave humans knowledge, humans used that knowledge for various
purposes, and then God judges humans' actions.

We have studied various verses that shed light upon the beautiful relationship Allah has
with the humankind. In the opening chapter of the Quran, Surah al Fateha, Allah mentions
how He has created this world, He is the Lord and we the humans are his slaves. In this
Surah, Allah talks about Himself as well, that He is compassionate and forgiving for all
our sins and only He can guide us towards the righteous path which He has laid down for
us. God in this Surah also explicitly states that He is the Only One who deserves all the
praises and worshipping: "Praise to be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds."
Surah Alaq contains the first verses revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and in it
Allah states that He is God who is the creator of all mankind. In this Surah, Allah says:
"Read in the name of your Lord, who created," and by this He is giving the humankind the
message of acquiring the knowledge Allah has placed in the universe through learning and
writing. In the same Surah, He also says, "Taught man which He knew not," These verses
emphasize on the importance of knowledge, which makes the humans superior to all the
creations, the noblest of all. He has taught man the use of a pen and gave him abilities to
progress, discover and preserve knowledge.
We know God is the cherisher and Sustainer of the universe and this beautifully mentioned
in Surah at Baqarah: "Who has made the earth your couch and the heavens your canopy,
and sent down rain from the heavens..." Allah reveals to his creations that it is Him who
provides sustenance as a favour to His creations by providing them with blessings in the

18
form of fruits and water to feed upon for their physical needs. He has provided us with
earth and sky- a home with a shelter. In the same Surah elsewhere, Allah mentions to not
perform shirk as He is one and only, "then do not set up rivals to Allah, when you know."
This surah restricts us from committing sin of Shirk and guides us to a righteous path for
it will lead us to heaven. MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES ALLAH&HIS
CREATED WORLD
Surah Al-Nas discusses the dependence of humans on Allah as He is our creator and
Sustainer. The Surah mentions how Allah is also the protector from all the internal and
external sources of evil, Allah encourages us to seek refuge with Him upfrom evil as He is
the most powerful. To have Allah's protection from evil in the universe the humans only
have to say "Say... I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind." A human may encounter evil
from Satan, Jinns, humans or his own Nats (will). This Surah was used by Prophet for his
protection when he was under the spell of dark force of magic. We must do the same as
Prophet said, "Pray as you see me praying."

Allah reveals about his relationship with His creations throughout the Holy Quran and in
Surah Zilzal as well. He mentions how there is a Day of judgement when humans will be
judged for their actions by Allah as He is the Master of the Day of Judgement. Everything
will shake on Earth on the day of judgement per His command as everything is under His
rule. "Then shall anyone who has done an atom's weight of good, see it, and anyone who
has done an atom's weight of evil shall see it." Throughout the Quran we are given guidance
to live a righteous life and humans are also given free-will to decide between right and
wrong therefore Allah has made this world a test for believers. We all will be judged for
our doing on the judgement day when our deeds will be measured on a scale.

QURANIC PASSAGES (11-15)

ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS

PASSAGE 11: SURAH AL BAQARAH

‫َال َر ُبَ َك لِل َْم ٰۗل ٰ ِى َك ِۃ اِ ِ َّن ْ َجاع ٌِل ِِف ْاّل َْر ِض َخ ِل ْي َف ًۃ قَال ُْٓٗوا اَت َْج َع ُل ِف ْي َہا َم ْن َُيف ِْس ُد ِف ْي َہا‬
َ ‫َواِذْ ق‬
‫َال اِ ِ َّن ْٓٗ اَعْل َُم َما َّل ت َْعل َُم ْو َن۝۝ َو َعلََ َم‬ َ ‫َو َي ْس ِف ُك ال َ ِد َماٰۗ َء َون َْح ُن ن َُس ِبَحُ ِب َح ْم ِدكَ َونُ َق َ ِد ُس ل ََك ق‬
‫ّل ِء اِ ْن كُ ْن ُت ْم‬ٰۗ َ ‫َال اَن ْ ِبــ ُْـو ِّن ْ ِبا َ ْس َماٰۗ ِء ٰ ٓٗھ ُو‬
َ ‫ٰا َد َم ْاّل َْس َماٰۗ َء كُلََ َہا ث ُ َم َع َر َض ُھ ْم عَلَي ال َْم ٰۗل ٰ ِى َك ِۃ فَق‬

َ ‫ْي۝قَال ُْوا ُس ْب ٰحــ َن َك َّل عِل َْم ل َ َنآ اِ َّل َما َعلََ ْم َت َنا اِنَ َك اَن َْت ال ْ َع ِل ْي ُم ال َْح ِك ْي ُم۝ق‬
‫َال ٰيٓٗاٰ َد ُم‬ َ ْ ‫ٰص ِد ِق‬
‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت‬ َ ‫ب‬ َ ‫َال اَل َْم اَقُ ْل ل َ ُك ْم اِ ِ َّن ْٓٗ ا َ ْعل َُم غ َْي‬ َ ‫اَن ْ ِبئْـ ُھ ْم ِبا َ ْس َماٰۗىِ ِہ ْم فَل َ َمَآ اَن ْ َبا َ ُھ ْم ِبا َ ْس َماٰۗىِ ِہ ْم ق‬
‫ّل َد َم‬
ٰ ِ ‫اس ُج ُد ْوا‬ َ ‫َو ْاّل َْر ِضۙ۝۝ َوا َ ْعل َُم َما تُ ْب ُد ْو َن َو َما كُ ْن ُت ْم تَ ْك ُت ُم ْو َن‬
ْ ‫۝واِذْ قُل ْ َنا لِل َْم ٰۗل ٰ ِى َك ِۃ‬
‫۝وقُل ْ َنا ٰيٓٗاٰ َد ُم ا ْس ُك ْن اَن َْت َو َز ْو ُج َك‬ َ
َ ‫ِن ال ْ ٰك ِف ِري َْن‬
َ ‫َان م‬ َ َ ‫فَ َس َج ُد ْٓٗوا اِ ََل اِبْلِ ْي َس ا َ ٰٰب َوا ْس َتك‬
َ ‫ْب ۡ َوك‬

19
 َ ‫الش َج َر َۃ فَ َت ُك ْونَا م‬
‫ِن‬ َ ‫ـاو َّل تَـق َْربَا ٰھ ِذ ِہ‬ َ ‫ث ِشـ ْئ ُت َم‬ ُ ‫ال َْج َن َۃ َوك ََُل ِم ْن َہا َرغ ًَدا َح ْي‬
‫ضك ُْم لِ َب ْع ٍض‬ ُ ‫لش ْي ٰط ُن َع ْن َہا فَا َ ْخ َر َج ُہ َما ِمـ َمَا ك َانَا ِف ْي ِہ َوقُل ْ َنا ا ْھ ِب ُط ْوا بَ ْع‬ َ ‫ْي۝فَا َ َزلَ ُہ َما ا‬
َ ْ ‫الظلِــ ِم‬ َٰ
ٗٓ ٰ
‫اب َعل َْي ِہٌۭ۝۝‬
َ ‫ت فَ َت‬ٍ ‫ِن َر ِبَہ كَلِ ٰم‬ ْ ‫فَ َتل َـ َقي ٰا َد ُم م‬۶ ٍ ْ ‫َع ُد ٌَو َول َ ُك ْم ِِف ْاّل َْر ِض َُم ْسـ َت َق ٌَر َو َم َتا ٌع اِ ٰٰل ِح‬
‫ْي ۝ ۝‬

‫الر ِح ْي ُم۝‬
َ ‫اب‬ُ ‫اِنَ ٗہ ُھ َوال َت َو‬

30.So,Behold your Lord said to the angels I will create a

vicegerent on earth. They said You place there one who
make mischief here and shed blood? whist we celebrate your
praises and glorify your hoty trame? He said i know what
you do not know.31 And He taught Adam the names of all
things then He placed them before the angles, and said Tell
me the names of these if you are right.32 .Thay said that
Glory to You of knowledge we have none, save what You
have taught us in truth it is you who are perfect in knowledge
and wiadom .33 He said Adam! Tell them their names When
he had told them, Allah said Did I nor tell you that Iknow
the secrets of heaven and Earth, and I know what you seves
and what you conceal .34 And behold We said to the angels:
Bow down to Adam And they bowed down Not so iblis he
refused and was raughty he was of tose who reject faith.35
we said 'Adem! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and
eat of the bountiful things in it as You wish. But do not
approach this tree or you will run into harm and
transgression .36 Then Satan made them slip from there, and
got them out of what they had been in we sad Go down with
enmity between yourselves On earth will be your dwelling-
place and your means of livelihood,for a time.37 .Then
Adam learnt from his Lord words of inspiration and his Lord
turned towards him: for He is often-returning, most merciful
(Sura 2.30-37)

THEME
Surah Al-Baqarah is a Madni Surah and the passage is the narration of the story of Hazrat
Adam (AS). It tells us about the creation of Hazrat Adam (AS) and his superiority over all
the others including angels and Jins. Allah created Adam and ordered the angels and Jins
to prostrate to Adam, all bowed except iblis who in his arrogance disobeyed Allah and was
then expelled from heaven. The Quran narrates this incident

20
 "then we made the angels bow down to Adam and they
bowed down; not so Iblis, he refuses to be of those who bow
down." (7:11).
Allah then created a mate, Eve and both were allowed to live in heaven but were forbidden
to eat from a particular tree. This event is stated in

the Quran: " Adam, dwell you and your wife in the garden and enjoy (its good things) as
you wish; but approach not this tree..." (7:19).Iblis out of hatred and jealousy persuaded
Hazrat Adam and his wife to eat fruit from the forbidden tree and thus, Allah expelled them
to the earth Hazrat Adam repented and Allah forgave him as He says,
"But seek the forgiveness of Allah; for Allah is off-forgiving
most merciful." (4:106)

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

Allah is the creator of mankind. He created Hazrat Adam without mother and father and
Eve from the rib of Adam. This tells us the beginning of the Human race and that we are
descendants of Adam and Eve. This Surah carries a very significant lesson for Muslim's. It
tells us that iblis tempts man all the time to do evil acts and disobey Allah. Therefore, a
man must seek refuge with Allah to protect him.

"If a suggestion from Satan assalls thy (wind) seek refuge

with Allah..." (7:200).

The fact that Allah made Adam and ordered the angels to prostrate to Adam lestifies the
fact that Humans are "Ashraf-ul-Makhluqat", which means Allah preferred us over angels,
birds, other animals, Jins and all the creations of the world. The fact that only Allah knew
why He had for bidden a specific tree tells us that Allah is omniscient and all-knowing. He
knows the present, the past, the future, the hidden and the manites Thus, it gives us the
message that whatever that is beyond the capacity of our minds, is hidden and not taught
to us by Allah, we should leave that matter to Allah as He knows the best. Lastly, the fact
that Allah took pity on Adam and forgave him when he realized his mistake and wanted to
repent, testifies that Allah is the most merciful. QURANIC PASSAGES (11-15)
ALLAH&HIS PROPHETS

PASSAGE 12: SURAH AL-AN'AM

‫فَل َ َمَا َج ََن َعل َْي ِہ‬۶

۷ ‫ْي ۝‬ َ ‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت َو ْاّل َْر ِض َول َِيك ُْو َن م‬
َ ْ ‫ِن ال ُْم ْو ِق ِن‬ ََ ‫ي اِبْ ٰر ِہ ْي َم َمل َ ُك ْو َت‬
ْٗٓ ‫َوك َٰذل َِك ن ُِر‬

‫َال‬ ِ َ‫ْي۝فَل َ َمَا َرا َ الْق ََم َر ب‬

َ ‫ازغًا ق‬ َ ْ ِ‫اّل ِفل‬
ْٰ ‫ب‬َُ ‫َال ََل ا ُ ِح‬ َ ‫الَ ْي ُل َر ٰا ك َْوكَ ًبا۝۝۝ ق‬
َ ‫َال ہٰ َذا َر ِ َب۝ ْ۝۝ فَل َ َمَآ اَفَ َل ق‬
‫ْي۝فَل ََمَا َرا َ ال َش ْم َس‬
َ ْ َ ِ‫الضاٰۗل‬ َ ‫َال ل َِى ْن لََ ْم َي ْہ ِد ِِن ْ َر ِ َب ْ َّلَك ُْونَ َن م‬
َ ‫ِن الْق َْو ِم‬ َ ‫ہٰ َذا َر ِ َب۝ ْ۝۝ فَل ََمَآ اَفَ َل ق‬

21
 ُ ‫ي ٌء َِم َمَا ت ُْش ِرك ُْو َن۝اِ ِ َّن ْ َو َج ْہ‬
‫ت‬ ٰۗ ْ ‫َال ٰيق َْو ِم اِ ِ َّن ْ بَ ِر‬
َ ‫ْبفَل َ َمَآ اَفَل َْت ق‬
ُ َ ‫َال ہٰ َذا َر ِ َب ْ ہٰ َذآ اَك‬
َ ‫از َغ ًۃ ق‬
ِ َ‫ب‬
َ ‫ض َح ِن ْيفًا َو َمآ اَنَا م‬
َ ْ ‫ِن ال ُْم ْش ِرك‬
‫ِْي۝‬ َ ‫الس ٰم ٰو ِت َو ْاّل َْر‬ ْ ‫َو ْج ِہ َي لِلَ ِذ‬
ََ ‫ي فَ َط َر‬

75. So also did We show Abraham the power and the laws
of the heavens and the earth, so that he might have certainty
76: When the night covered him over, he saw a star. He said:
This is my Lord. But when it set, he said: 'I do not love things
that set 77. When he saw the moon rising in splendour, he
said. This is my Lord, But when the moon set. he said:
Unless my Lord guides me. I will surely be among those who
go astray. 78. When he saw the sun rising in splendour, he
said: "This is my Lord: this is the greatest. But when the sun
set, he said: "O my people! I am indeed free from your giving
partners to Allah, 79. For me. I have set my face firmly and
truly towards Him who created the heavens and the earth,
and never shall give partners to Allah. (Sura 6.75-79)

THEME
The theme of this passage is the denial of shirk and the guidance of Tauhid. Surah Al-Aram
is a Maidni Surah and describes the general spiritual enlightenment of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS).
He searched for God in heavenly bodies such as the sun, the moon, and the stars. Seeing
them disappear he reached to the conclusion that they were not eternal so they cannot be
the true God. Finally, the conclusion that he deducted was that true God was the One and
Only Lord, Master and the Creator of the heaven, the earth, and all those heavenly bodies.
He never committed shirk, Allah says
"Say, verily my Lord has guided me to a way that is straight
a religion of right, the path (trod) by Ibrahim, the true in faith
and he(certainly ) joined not gods with Allah."
It is stated in the Quran:

"Behold!" His Lord said to him: "Bow (thy will to Me)" He

said, "I bow (my will) to the Lord and the Cherisher of the
universe." (2:131)

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The Surah encourages non-believers to find the true God by themselves, just like Hazrat
Ibrahim (A.S). The fact that Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) did not commit shirk in his quest, gives
us a message to avoid shirk and to worship the One superior God. Muslim's know this shirk

22
is the only unforgivable sin in the sight of Allah. Allah testifies this fact that Hazrat Ibrahim
(AS) never committed shirk

"Ibrahim was indeed a model devoutly obedient to Allah

(and) true in faith and he joined not gods with Allah" (16:12).
This Surah also supports the idea that when a person tries to find a thing. Allah helps him
and gives him success in his mission. So, it encourages Musim's to get more knowledge,
education and to use their brains to find more. The argument of Hazrat ibrahim (AS) was
against polytheism and superstitious beliefs of his people to make them understand that
these objects could never be things to be worshipped. Thus, it tells us that we should reject
polytheism and superstitious beliefs. The Quran gives the example of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS):
"Behold!" Ibrahim said to his father and his people: "I do
indeed clear myself of what you worship, I worship only
Him. Who made me, and He will certainly guide me."
(43.26-28)

PASSAGE 13: SURAH AL MAIDAH

‫ہلل ٰي ِع ْي ََس اب َْن َم ْريَ َم اذْك ُْر نِ ْع َم ِِتْ عَل َْي َك َو َعل ٰي َوال َِدت َِك اِذْ ا َ َي ْدتَُ َك بِ ُر ْو ِح الْق ُُد ِس‬
ُ ‫َال ا‬
َ ‫اِذْ ق‬
‫ب َوال ْ ِحك َْم َۃ َوال َت ْو ٰرى َۃ َو ْاّلِنْ ِج ْي َل َواِذْ تَ ْخل ُ ُق‬ َ َ ‫تُكَلِ َُم ال ََن‬
َ ‫اس ِِف ال َْم ْہ ِد َوكَ ْہ ًَل َواِذْ عَل َ ْم ُت َك ال ْ ِك ٰت‬
َ
‫ص‬ ُ ‫ُب‬
َ ‫ي ْاّلَك َْـم َہ َو ْاّلَبْ َر‬ ً ْ ‫ي بِـاِذْ ِِن ْ ف َت ْن ُف ُخ ِف ْي َہا َف َت ُك ْو ُن َط‬
ِ ْ ‫يا بِـاِذْ ِِن ْ َوت‬ َ ‫ْي كَ َہ ْي َئ ِۃ‬
ِ ْ ‫الط‬ َ ‫م‬
ِ ْ ‫ِن ال َ ِط‬
ِ ‫ن اِ ْس َراٰۗ ِء ْي َل َع ْن َك اِذْ ِج ْئ َت ُہ ْم بِال ْ َب ِ َي ٰن‬
َ ‫ت فَق‬
‫َال‬ ُ ‫بِـاِذْ ِِن ْ َواِذْ تُ ْخ ِرجُ ال َْم ْو ٰٰت بِـاِذْ ِِن ْ َواِذْ كَ َفف‬
ْٗٓ ِ َ‫ْت ب‬

ٌ ْ ‫الَ ِذي َْن كَف َُر ْوا ِم ْن ُہ ْم اِ ْن ہٰ َذآ اِ َّل ِس ْح ٌر َُم ِب‬
‫ْي۝‬

Then will Allah say: 'Jesus son of Mary! Recount my favour

to you and to your mother, Behold I strengthened you with
the holy spirit, so that you spoke to the people in childhood
and in maturity. Behold! I taught you the Book and Wisdom,
the Law and the Gospel. And behold You make out of clay,
as it were, the figure of a bird, by my leave, and you breathe
into it and it becomes a bird by my leave. and you heal those
born blind, and the lepers, by my leave. And behold! You
bring forth the dead by my leave. And behold! I restrained
the Children of Israel from you when you showed them the
cluar signs. and the unbelievers among them said: This is
nothing but evident magic (Sura 5.110)

23
QURANIC PASSAGES (11-15)
ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS

PASSAGE 14: SURAH AL-DUHA

َ
َ ‫ي لَ َك م‬
‫ِن ْاّل ُْو ٰٰل۝۝‬ ٌ ْ ‫لض ٰح۝۝ َوال ْي ِل اِذَا َسـ ٰج۝ َما َو َدَعَ َك َر ُبَ َك َو َما قَ ٰل۝ َول ََْلٰخ َِر ُۃ َخ‬
َُ ‫َوا‬
‫ى۝و َو َج َدكَ َض ٰۗا ًَّل فَ َہ ٰدى۝‬ َ ‫َت ٰض۝۝اَل َْم َي ِج ْدكَ يَ ِت ْي ًمـا فَاٰ ٰو‬ ْ َ َ‫َول ََس ْوفَ يُ ْع ِط ْي َك َر ُبَ َك ف‬
ََ ‫َو َو َج َدكَ عَاٰۗى ِ ًَل فَاَغ ْٰن۝فَا َ َما ال َْي ِت ْي َم فَ ََل تَ ْق َہ ْر۝ َوا َ َما‬
‫الساٰۗىِ َل فَ ََل تَ ْن َہ ْر۝ َوا َ َما ِب ِن ْع َم ِۃ َر ِبَ َك‬

‫ف ََح َ ِد ْث۝‬

1. By the glorious morning light, 2. And by the night when

it is still, 3. Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is he
displeased. 4. And truly the Hereafter will be better for you
than the present. 5. And soon your Lord will give you so that
you will be pleased. 6. Did He not find you an orphan and
give you shelter? 7. And He found you wandering, and He
gave you guidance. 8. And He found you in need, and made
you independent. 9. Therefore, do not treat the orphan with
harshness, 10. Nor drive the beggar away; 11. But tell about
the bounty of your Lord! (Sura 93)

THEME
Being an early Makki Surah, this Quranic passage of Surah Al-Duha tells us about God's
relationship with his messengers. It was revealed when there was a dark period in the life
of Holy Prophet (PBUH). He was anxious, distressed and the unbelievers began to say that
His Lord had forsaken him as there was a pause in revealations. Surah Al-Duha keeps as a
hope for the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and general assurance for mankind. The word Duha
means the daybreak or morning light, which dispels the gloom and brought a message of
hope for the Prophet (PBUH) -in this passage the pause in revelations is compared to the
dark night and the continuation of revelations symbolises light. In thes Surah, Prophet
(PBUH) is given the good news that later periods would be better for him and there would
be a time when Allah will bless him so much that he would be pleased. Allah recourts his
blessings by telling him that He made best arrangements for his upbringing. He blessed
him materially and spiritually, and married him to a pious woman like Hazrat Khadija (RA)
who supported him financially and emotionally. Allah guided him in his quest of truth.
Allah says,

"And thus We have sent to you a rich from Our command.

You knew not what the Book is, nor what is Faith. But We

24
 have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of out
servants We Will." (42:52).

Allah also instructs the Holy Prophet (PBUH) (SAW) to help the needy and the poor, to
treat orphans with kindness and to share his blessing with others and to be thankful to
Allah.

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The theme of the passage teaches Muslims the importance of faith in God's help. The Holy
Prophet (PBUH) was reassured by Allah in the midst of mockery in Makkah Muslims today
should also retain their faith in difficult times by remembering the Quranic promise:
"So, verily with every difficulty, there is a relief." (94:5)
No matter what circumstances hit us with, we can be reassured through this verse that God
does not abandon his followers. When we find our selves amidst problems we must be
patient and never leave the rope of gratitude. Our relationship with Allah can be improved
and strength ened by kindness to the weak, poor, destitute and unsupported people because
such an attitude is an expression of the love of God. It is also a duty made obligatory upon
muslims to be kind and helpful towards the needy. Fulfilling one's obligations towards
Allah brings mercy and ease for the believer. The Quran says:

"it is righteous to spend of your substance out of love for

Him, for your kins, for orphans." (2:117),"

Moreover, giving charity arives away the calamities and evil. Also, in this way Allah has
devised a system through which the society can move towards betterment when there
would be love and harmony among His creation. Muslim's must therefore be mindful of
Allah's blessings. QURANIC PASSAGES (11-15) ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS
PASSAGE 15: SURAH AL-KAUTHAR

ُ َ ْ‫اِنَآ ا َ ْع َط ْي ٰن َك الْ َك ْوث َ َر۝ َف َص ِ َل ل َِر ِبَ َك َوانْ َح ْر۝اِ َن َشا ِنئ ََك ُہ َو ْاّلَب‬
‫َت۝‬

To you have We granted abundance. 2. So pray to your Lord

and sacrifice. 3. For he who hates you, he will be cut off.
(Sura 108)

THEME
Surah Al-Kauthar is an early Makki Surah and is also the shortest Surah of the Holy Quran.
The theme of this Quranic passage is about God's relationship with his messengers and
God's favor upon his Prophet It was revealed to console the Holy Prophet (PBUH) when
both of his sons from Hazrat Khadija (RA) died in infancy, Allah showed special care for
Holy Prophet (PBUH) during this difficult time by revealing this Surah Enemies started to

25
taunt him and called him "abtar" I.e. one who is cut off. The Surah gives the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) the good news of more blessings in both the worlds. These blessings include
Prophethood, the Quran, knowledge, wisdom, Tauhid, his progeny and river Kauthar in
Heaven. Moreover, Allah hinted Prophet (PBUH) that his enemies will be the one who will
be defamed. Allah wanted Prophet (PBUH) to offer prayer and sacrifice in His name and
worship Him alone without associating any partners to Him in the times of sorrow. This
message was addressed to all believers to share their blessings with the less fortunate in
Allah's name. It is said in the Holy Quran:

"Say: Truly my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my life

and, my death are (all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the
worlds." (6:162).

IMPORTANCE OF THE THEME

The passage, like Surah 93, teaches Muslims to have faith in God's support that surely
teaches the noble people. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was assured of abundance" in the face
of persecutions in Makkah. This "abundance came in the form of his countless followers
and his descend ants through his daughter Fatimah (RA). His insulters, on the other hand,
perished forever. So, a noble mission always survives though it is rejected by the misguided
people. The Quran testifies to it
"rejected were the messengers before you, with patience and
constancy they bore their rejection." (6:34).
The passage teaches Muslims to develop spirit of sacrifice and establish prayer as these are
the best means of getting closer to their Lord, as

it enclosed by the Quran:

"and establish regular prayer in order to remember Me."
(20:14).
Even though, Allah might take something away from us he will replace it with something
more, for he is the all Knowing. Furthermore, the believers are reminded here that Allah is
forever watching over us and he never leaves his men alone. We therefore, should pray
more often and make a close bond with Allah for that will create ease for us in times of
difficulty and it will give us peace of mind and heart- a greater gift than anything in the
world.

26
MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES
ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS

Q. FROM THE QURANIC PASSAGES, YOU HAVE STUDIED OUTLINE THE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOD ANDHIS MESSENGERS.
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The studied Quranic passages explained various events of the messengers of Allah that
came before Holy Prophet (PBUH).
2. Surah al-Baqarah explained about HazratAdam (2:30-37). Surah al-Maidah explained
about Hazrat Isa (5:110),Surah al-Ana'am explained about Hazrat Ibrahim (6:75-79)
3. Messengers are significant in all the nations and religions as Allah has sent upon
messengers for all his people to convey his message and guide them to lead a morally and
spiritually accepted life.
HAZRAT IBRAHIM:
4. Hazrat Ibrahim belonged to Mesopotamia, currently known as Southern Iraq.

5. He was born in a family that used to pray to idols and do shirk.

6. His father work was to produce the idols.
7. He used to live among people who prayed to the sun, moon and the stars.

8. Surah al-Ana'am (6:75-79) highlights the inteligence of Hazrat ibrahim and clearly
shows that how he understood about the unity of Allah.

9.Surah al-Ana'am also shows that how he, even being living with the people who do shirk,
rose up and enlightenedpeople to stop worshipping idols and linking partners with Allah.
10. There was an event in which he went to the mountains to find God

11. It is stated in Al-Ana'am, "And never shall give partners to Allah." (6:79)
12. It is also stated in the surah, "How should fear (the beings) you associate with Allah
when you fear not to give

partners to Allah." (6:81)

13. All the messengers gave the same message of oneness of Allah to its people, that is
Tauhid.

14. Allah always protects its messengers as showed in many events.

27
15. In one event, Hazrat Ibrahim destroyed all the idols of the people who do shirk and left
the axe over the neck of the biggest one when all the people were on a fair.

16. The people decided to burn him alive, but miraculously the fire turned cold, and Hazrat
Ibrahim did not burn, as it was stated in a verse, "We said, 0 fire! Be a means of comfort
and security for Ibrahim." (Al-Anbiyaa 21:69)

17. Allah instructed Hazrat ibrahim to travel to Palestine and preach people about the unity
of Allah and oneness of Allah.
18. Allah has placed Hazrat Ibrahim in a lot of difficult situations to test him, and he was
successful in passing those tests.
19. Allah said about Holy Prophet (PBUH), "And remember that Abraham was tried by his
Lord with certain commands which he fulfilled; He said: "I will make you an Imam to the
nations."
20. Also said, "And we gave (Abraham) Isaac and Jacob and ordained among his progeny
Prophet hood and Revelation." (Ankabut 29:27)
21. Later, he established Kaaba along with Hazrat Ismail, when he travelled to Makkah.
22. They called on Allah and asked to send a messenger from their people.
23. He died when he was 175 years.

24. He was laid down twenty miles to the south side of Jerusalem, in Hebron.

HAZRAT ISA:
25. He was born out of miracle to Hazrat Maryam by the order of Allah. (al-Maryam 19:19-
21) 26. Hazrat Maryam was the daughter of Hazrat Zakariyah.
27. She was always busy in worship.

28. It is stated in Al-Imran, "Behold! The angels said, "O Mary! Allah hath chosen thee
and purified thee, chosen thee above the women of all nations." (Al-Imran 3:42)
29. Hazrat Isa was born without a father as a miracle and he could speak and defend his
mother.
30. When the news about the birth of Hazrat Isa broke out, king Herod got worried that he
might challenge his power.

31. Surah Maidah tells us about the miracles. It clearly explains the allowance of miracles
to the messengers in order to support the fact that they are not pretenders.
32. The Surah also briefs that messengers were given the authority to showcase their
miracles in areas of their expertise. such as Hazrat Isa was a brilliant physician so he was

28
given the power to perform miracle of raising people after they died and healing them, as
it is stated, "... and you heal those born blind, and the lepers by my leave and behold you
bring forth the dead by my leave..." (5:110)
33. The phrase "By my leave' meant that every miracle is by the permission of Allah.
34. Hazrat Isa was full of knowledge and intelligence and has the authority of many
miracles.
35. At the age of thirty, he was made the messenger by Allah, and he spread the message
of Allah for about three years. MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES

ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS

36.He had twelve students /disciplens who aided him in spreading the message of Allah .
37. Later, he was about to be ad by the becple by being zied to a wooden when Allah saved
him to.the heaven
38. As it is said, "That they said (in boast) "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary the
Aposite of Allah But they killed him not , nor crucified him but so Allah raised him up
unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in power ,wise".(An -Nisa 4:157)

HAZRAT ADAM:
39. Harzat Adam was the first human being on the earth

40, he was given the information of God by learning about all the things in his creation,
while he was in heaven .

41. He was close association of Allah, for which Allah asked all the angle to how down in
front of him. Iblis refused to accept the order and did not bow.
42. The Quran narrates this incident: "then we made the angels Iblis, he refuses to be of
those who bow down." (711)
43 Iblis became arrogant and jelous of the man.
44. Allah had given permission to Adam and Eve to dwell in heaven, except one tree was
forbidden for them
45. Iblis convinced Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit of that tree.
46. Allah made him leave the heaven for his mistaks

47 The stated in the Quran "O Adam, well you and your wife in the garden and enjoy (Its
good things) as you wish; but approach not this tree..."
48. Hazrat Adem realized his mistake

29
49. After this, Adam seeked forgiveness from Allah.
30. "Our Lord! We have wronged our own souls if thou forgive us nut and bestow not upon
us Thy Mercy, we shall certainly be lost." (48)
51. Allah forgave Adam after he repentent.
52. "Then Adam learned from His Lord, words of inspiration, and His Lord turned towards
Him for he is off-returning,most Merciful"\
53. in these verses of Surah Al-Baqarah it is mentioned about man's him knowledge and
desires

54 Upon mistakes and repentance Allah forgave him.

HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (SAW):

66. After mount Safe incident, Prophet was facing many difficulties-people called him
Abtar after the death of his son. Then Surah Kauthar (108) was revealed
67. Allah consoled Prophet in this Surah and gave him hope about abundance of blessings.
"To you have we grantedabundance"

68. Allah assures that he will be looked after a well as his people which satisfied Holy
Prophet (PBUH)
69. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) understood about find, by seeing his mercy, humility,
guidance, and by showing his creation."
70. Holy Prophet (PBUH) was greatly blessed as he was provided by Allah with all the
independence to practice and preach islam, shelter and guidance as well, his spiritual
progeny (Muslims) and his daughter Fatima, who gave him grandsons.

MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES

ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS
71. The Surah also warned Prophet's enemies of Allah's wrath; and Prophets enemies will
be cut-off

72."He who hates you, he will be cut off" - this gave Prophet renewed hope, strength and
devotion.
73. Surah Al-Duha tells us about God's relationship with his messengers. It was revealed
when there was a dark period in the life of Holy Prophet (SAW).
74. He was anxious, distressed and the unbelievers began to say that His Lord had forsaken
him.

30
75. Surah Al-Duha keeps as a hope for the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). The word Duha means
the daybreak or morning light,

which dispels the gloom and brought a message of hope for the Prophet (SAW). 76. In this
Surah, Prophet (SAW) is given the good news that later periods would be better for him
and there would be a time when Allah will bless him so much that he would be pleased.

ANSWER:
From the Quranic passages we have studied, they clearly explained the incidents regarding
the messengers which were sent to the world by Allah before Holy Prophet (PBUH).
Messengers played a vital role in the spread of Islam as they communicate the message of
Allah to the mankind and preach them to lead morally and spiritually acceptable life. There
are many Surahs that state about the messengers, such as Surah al-Baqarah is about Hazrat
Adam (2:30-37), Surah al-Maida is about Hazrat Isa (5:110) and Surah al-Ana'am is about
Hazrat Ibrahim (6:75-79).messengers; such as Surah al-Ana'am is about Hazrat Ibrahim.

Hazrat Ibrahim:
Hazrat Ibrahim was born in the family of people who do shirk. The people around him
prayed to idols, sun, moon and stars. His father was an idol maker. He was from Southern
Iraq, previously known as Mesopotamia. Surah al-Ana'am was one of the Surah that
explains about Hazrat Ibrahim. This Surah tells us about the intelligence and inquisitive
nature of Hazrat Ibrahim, which lead him to search for the God This Surah showed how he
learned and understood about the existence of only One God and no partners of him. There
was an event in which he went to the mountains to look for the God. It is stated in the
Surah, "And never shall I give partners to Allah." (6:79). The Surah also says, "How should
I fear (the beings) you associate with Allah when you fear not to give partners to Allah."
(6:81). All the messengers, even the ones came after Hazrat Ibrahim preached about the
same thing that is Tauhid, oneness of Allah.

Moreover, Allah always protected and safeguarded his messengers. Like there was an
incident, in which Hazrat Ibrahim destroyed all the idols of hypocrites and placed an axe
over the neck of the largest one. The people did not like it and decided to burn him in the
fire. However, Allah guarded him, and he made the fire go cold, hence saving Hazrat
Ibrahim. As it is mentioned in a verse, "We said, 0 fire! Be a means of comfort and security
for Ibrahim." (Al-Anbiyaa 21:69)

Later, Allah made Hazrat Ibrahim travel all the way to Palestine and preach the word of
Allah and forbid the people there to do shirk. Allah always placed hardships in Hazrat
Ibrahim's way, in order to test him, but he always passed. As the verse states, "And
remember that Abraham was tried by his Lord with certain commands which he fulfilled;
He said: "I will make you an Imam to the nations." Also said, "And we gave (Abraham)

31
Isaac and Jacob and ordained among his progeny Propheth ood and Revelation." (Ankabut
29:27)

Also, he was the one who built Kaaba along with Hazrat Ismail and prayed to Allah to send
a messenger from out of them people... He died while he was 175 years and laid down in
Hebron, south side of Jerusalem.

Hazrat Isa:
Hazrat Isa was the son of Hazrat Maryam and she was born in the family of Hazrat
Zakariya. Hazrat Maryam was always busy in praying and she was respected so much in
Islam, as stated in the verse, "Behold! The angels said, "O Mary! Allah hath chosen thee
and purified thee; chosen thee above the women of all nations." (Al-Imran 3:42)
Hazrat Isa was a miracle child as he was born without a father on the command of Allah.
Hazrat Isa miraculously had the power of speaking as a new-born and by using it he
defended his mother if anyone raised any question regarding her char acter. When he was
born, king Herod worried for his own position and power as he was afraid it can be seized
by Hazra Isa.
Surah al-Maidah clearly explained about the miracles and their permission by Allah. The
Surah tells us that there are no miracles which occurred without the allowance of Allah and
He was the only one who gave messengers the power to perform a miracle. surah also
shows that all the messengers were given the authority to do miracles in the area which is
their expertise, such as Hazrat Isa was a physician so he had the power to heal the injured
people and raise people from their death. As it is mentioned in a verse "... and you heal
those bera blind, and the lepers by my leave and behold you bring forth the dead by my
leave..." (5:110) In this verse the phrase 'by my leave' means with Allah's permission.

MAJOR THEMES OF QURANIC PASSAGES

ALLAH & HIS PROPHETS
Hazrat Isa was full of wisdom and knowledge Allah has made him the messenger at the
age of thirty so that he preaches the message of Allah to the humankind. Hazrat Isa did that
for about three years. He had about twelve students who contin ued his work and spread
the message of Allah. Moreover, as Allah always protected his messengers, he also saved
Hazrat Isa from the brutality of nypocrites. As they tried to hang and pin him to the large
wooden cross Allah raised him to heaven and ended his suffering. As the Guran says in a
verse. "That they said (in boast) "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary the Apostle of
Allah" But they killed him not, nor crucified him but so Allah raised him up unto Himself;
and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise." (An-Nisa 4:157)

Hazrat Adam:

32
Allah has clearly stated that if a man obeys him Allah will bestow him with blessings.
However, if a man indulges in defiance and arrogance his ultimate fate would be sorrow.
Allah sent messengers for the humans so that could lead a virtuous life. There were a total
of 124,000 messengers and Hazrat was the first Prophet who was sent down for the
guidance of humani kind. Adam was one of the most important and the very first human
being on earth. He is spiritual and physical ancestor of mankind. Allah made him
understand everything about Allah through enhancing his knowledge regarding Allah's
creation. He was close and important to Allah, that Allah instructed all the angale to bow
down to Hazrat Adam. The Quran narrates this incident: "then we made the angels bow
down to Adam and they bowed down; not so Iblis, he refuses to be of those who bow
down." (7:11). Iblis became arrogant and jealous of the man to whom Allah had given such
a status that He asked all the angels to bow before him. Iblis was determined to make man
astray. Allah had given permission to Adam and Eve to dwell in heaven, eat al: the fruits
except the fruit of one tree which was forbidden for them. Iblis per suaded Adam and Eve
to eat the fruit of that tree. This event is stated in the Quran: "0 Adam, dwell you and your
wife in the garden and enjoy (its good things) as you wish; but approach not this tree..."
Upon Hazrat Adams disobedience Allah expelled him cut of the heaven and sent him to
earth Hazrat Adam realized his mistake and that he made himselt and all others after him
dwell on earth by disobeying Aliahs. After this, Adam seeked for giveness from Allah.
"Our Lord! We have wronged our own souls: If thou forgive us not and bestow not upon
us Thy Mercy, we shall certainly be lost." [48]. Allah forgave Adam and made him repent
his mistakes. "Then Adam learned from His Lord, words of inspiration, and His Lord
turned towards Him; for he is oft-returning, most Merciful."
Allah gave Hazrat Adam knowledge and made hini meet Hazrat Hawwa in Mecca so they
could repent for their sins and his sons could do the same. As they would be tested for their
good deeds and the bad deeds on the day of judgement.
Hazrat Muhammad (SAW):
After mount Safa incident, Prophet was facing many difficulties and persecutions at the
hands of People of Mecca. This was also the time when revelations had stopped for a while.
In all these sufferings, Prophets two infant sons died as well for which people called him
Abler. It was then that Surah Kauthar (108) was revealed. Allah consoled Prophet in this
Suran and gave him hope about abundance of blessings. "To you have we granted
abundance". Holy Prophet (PBUH) was greatly blessed as he was provided by Allah with
all the independence to practice and preach islam, shelter and guidance as well, his spiritual
progeny (Muslims) and his daughter Fatima, who gave him grandsons. The Surah also
warned Proph et's enemies of Allah's wrath; and Prophets enemies will be cut-off. "He who
hates you, he will be cut off" - this gave Prophet renewed hope, strength and devotion.
Allah tells here that he will be looked after as well as his people which satisfied Holy

33
Prophet (PBUH) and gave him ray of hope. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) understood about
God, by seeing his mercy, humility, guidance, and by showing his creation. Further, Surah
Al-Dulia tells us about God's relationship with his messengers. it was revealed when there
was a dark period in the life of Holy Prophet (SAW). He was anxious distressed and the
unbelievers began to say that H's Lord had forsaken him. The word Duha means the
daybreak or morning ligh:, which dispels the gloom and provided Prophet with a newfound
determination and strength to preach. In this Surah, Prophet (SAW) is given the good news
that coming time would bring blessings for him. Prophet was very dear to Allah and Allah
perfected the religion on him by making him messenger for all the coming generations until
the end of time.
satisfied Holy Prophet (PBUH) and gave him ray of hope. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW)
understood about God, by seeing his mercy, humility, guidance, and by showing his
creation. Further, Suran Al-Duha tells us about God's relationship with his messengers. It
was revealed when there was a dark period in the life of Holy Prophet (SAW). He was
anxious, distressed and the unbelievers began to say that His Lord had forsaken him. The
word Duha means the daybreak or morning light, which dispels the gloom and provided
Prophet with a newfound determination and strength to preach. In this Surah, Prophet
(SAW) is given the good news that coming time would bring blessings for him. Prophet
was very dear to Allah and Allah perfected the religion on him by making him messenger
for all the coming generations until the end of time.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTIONS

A. WRITE AN ACCOUNT OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THE QURAN WAS

REVEALED TO THE PROPHET (SAW)
BETWEEN 610 AND 632 A.D. [10]

Important points:
1.At age of 40, started to retire to Cave Hira for meditation and pondering over conditions
of Makkah and its people.

2.610AD-Describe event of first revelation

3. "Read (Proclaim!) In the Name of your Lord Who created. Created man, out of a clot
(of congealed blood)."

4. Revelations continued for 22 years, 5 months, 14 days.

5. Revelations before Hijrah to Madina are known as Makkan Surahs (610AD to 622AD)
and the ones after Hijrah are Madni

34
Surahs (622AD to 632AD).
6. Makki Surahs have a stronger language, talk about Tauhid, Allah's powers, oppositions
of unbelievers. e.g. "We know indeed, the grief which their words do cause to thee" (33:6)
7. Surahs revealed after Hijri (Madni) are mainly about social duties and religious
obligations. (e.g. Zakat. Fasting. Hajj ,inheritance, Hijab)

8. Fitrat-ul-wahl (pause in revelation)

9. Prophet was worried about not getting more wahi
10.Surah Al-Mudathir: "O you who are wrapped in your mantle! Arise and warn! Glorify
your Lord!" (74:1-7)
11.613 AD-open preaching "Therefore preach openly what you are commanded and turn
away from those who join false Gods with Allah" (15:94)

12. Revelation came according to situations (Al-Ikhlas, Al-Duha, Al-Kauthar...)

13. Allah comforted the Prophet and his followers during the time in Makkah.
14. 622AD-migration to Madina "Remember how the unbelievers plotted against you, to
keep you in bonds, or slay you or get you out (of your homes). They plot and plan, and
Allah too plans, but the best of planners is Allah." (8:33) those who fight you" (2:190)
15. 624AD-permission of Jihad "fight in the cause of Allah against

16.624AD-Fasting and Zakat made obligatory

17. 624AD-Badr, 625AD-Uhad, 627AD- Trench; He was guided through revelations

1818. 628AD-Treaty of Hudaibiya; "Verily we have granted you a manifest victory" (48:1)
19. 631AD-Farewell Pilgrimage; last revelation in plain of Arafat, "This day have perfected
your religion for you, com pleted my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as
your religion" (5:3))
20. Methods, Feelings and sensations: Hazrat Jibreel coming in form of an angel, In human
form (usually as Dihya-al-Kalbi), during conversation with Jibreel AS., Prophet receiving
it directly (Miraj), through dreams, ringing of bells. perspired in cold, heaviness, face
would turn red.

ANSWER:
In 610 AD, as the Prophet reached the age of 40, he often found himself retiring to the cave
of Hira nearby Makkah. He would spend days in the cave, meditating and pondering over
the conditions and problems faced by the people of Makkah. Following this routine, one
day suddenly an angel appeared to him and squeezed the Prophet Muhammad asking him

35
to read. Angel Jibreel did this three times, asking the Holy Prophet to read and each time
the Holy Prophet refused by saying that he does not know how to read. After which, the
angel Jibreel read five verses of Surah Al-Alaq which marks the begin ning of the prophet
hood and the first revelation by Allah. "Proclaim in the name of your Lord and Cherisher
who created man out of a clot of congealed blood. Proclaim and your Lord is the most
bountiful. He who taught by the pen. Taught man that which he knew not."
From this day forward for 22 years, 5 months and 14 days, the process of revelation
continued. Only once during this time period the revelation was suspended for a period of
time which is known as Fitrat-Ul-Wahi, during this time the Holy Prophet was very
depressed and upset as he received no revelation from Allah, until one day, the following
verses were revealed; "O you who are wrapped in your mantel! Arise and warn! Glorify
your Lord."
All revelations that were ever revealed to the Holy Prophet were revealed according to the
important events in the lifetime of the Prophet that would serve as guidance to humanity
for all times. The revelations were later complied in surah forms, and they are broadly
divided into two categories: Makkan surahs and Madni surahs. Makkan surahs are those
which were revealed in Makkah during 610 AD till 622 AD. These surahs are generally
short, have a harsh language, and majorly follow the theme of oneness of GOD, articles of
faith, and opposition of the unbelievers. Such as, "We know indeed the grief which their
words do cause to thee." The surahs revealed to the Prophet during 622 AD and 632 AD
are known as Madri surahs which are generally lengthy and follow a theme of social duties
and religious obligations such as pillars of Islam. In the year 624 AD the Holy Prophet
received the commandment of fasting and zakat.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE QURAN

REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTIONS
"Therefore, declare openly what you're commanded, and turn away from the pagans," this
was revealed in 613 AD, after which Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) began to preach openly
in Makkal The Makkang rebelled against the message propagated by the Holy Prophet and
called him a lac The pagans began to persecule and make line harder for Prophet
Muhammad and his followers. During these hardships caused by the Makkans, to provide
comfort and solace to his beloved Prophet and followers Allah revealed three surahs over
a period of time Surah Al- hlas was revealed in answer to the questions asked by the
Quraish on the lineage of Allah, Surat. Duha was revealed to comfort the Prophet when ne
is not receiving any revelations and Surah Kauthar was revealed to comfort the Prophet
when the pagans started calling him Abtar to be cut off) after his two sons passed away.
"Remember how the unbelievers plotted against you, to keep you in bonds, or slay you or
get you out (of your homes). They plot and plant, and Allah too plans, but the best of

36
planners is Allah." This commandment by Allah led to the Holy Prophet and his followers
to migrate to Madina in 622 AD. In 624 AD, news came to Madina that the Quraish of
Makkan has sent Abu Sufyan with an army and weapons who plan on attacking Madina,
this caused a widespread fear and panict amongst the people of Madina.
Then Allah revealed the following verses "Fight in the cause of Allah against those who
fight you," and with this the Muslims in Madina went to Badr confidently knowing Allah
the Almighty is on their side. Foilowing this, in the battle of Uhad in 625 AD and in the
battle of Trench in 627 AD, the holy Prophet guided the Muslims through these battles
with the help of divine instruction. At the treaty of Hudaibiya, where the Quraish agreed to
no longer consider Prophet Muhammad a tugitive from Makkah, Allah said to the Holy
Prophet "Verily we have granted you a manifest victory"

Revelations continues till the farewell piligrimage in 631 AD. Allah addressed all sorts of
issues in the Quran and the Holy frophe taught the companions how to inter from the Quran,
learn it and implement it in their daily lives. The last revela tions were sent to the Holy
Prophet in the plains of Arafat after he had performed Hajj and had given his sermon, "This
day have perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen
for you Istam as your religion.

When the Duranic versus would be revealed to the Holy Prophet, he would have different
experiences. Sometimes Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) heard singing sounds, acmetimes me
angel will come in a human form and talk, sometimes the angol will appear in his true
form, sometimes he would perspire in the cold, he would become so heavy that the animal
he was raing on and his companions could feel the increase weight of the Prophet's body
and sometimes the revelations would come in a form of a dream.
Once a companion asked the Holy Prophet (pbuh) how the revelations came to him,
Prophet Muhammad replied "It comes to me sometimes as the ringing of a bell and that is
hardest on me, then he leaves me and I remember from what he says and sometimes the
Angel comes in the shape of a man and he talks to me and remember what he says." A com
pankin narrates an incident in which once the Holy Prophet and he was sitting side by side,
the companion's leg under the leg of the Prophet and a revelation came at that moment, and
the companion felt his leg would crush under the weight of the Prophet's leg Hazrat Aisha
reports "I saw revelations coming down upon him in the severest cold and when that
condition was over, perspiration ran down his torehead." When Holy Prophet (pbuh) went
on Miraj, he directly received revelation.

B. WHAT DOES PROPHET'S FIRST EXPERIENCE OF RECEIVING

REVELATION TELL US ABOUT THE NATURE OF PROPHETHOOD IN
ISLAM? [4]
HIGHLIGHTS

37
1.Allah chose Prophets according to his own decree, will and desire therefore it was
predestined and couldn't have been acquired through personal effort.

2.Given through miraculus events.

3. Prophethood was given without warning and was unannounced therefor caused the
Prophets confusion and fear

4. For example, Hazrat Musa got confused when he heard Allah SWT the first time.
5. Prophet was shocked from the incident in the Cave of Hira
6. The fear and confusion are a proof that prophets were humans

7. Angel Jibreel was a link between Allah and His Prophets

ANSWER:
Prophethood is the highest honour in Islam and Allah blessed it to the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH). The Prophethood
of Muhammad (PBUH) began with the first revelation in the cave of Hire. It means that
Allah chose Prophets according to

his own will and decree which also further emphasizes that Prophethood cannot be acquired
through personal effort and
that it is given without warning. Often the beginning of Prophethood is marked by a
miraculous event leaving the prophets
confused and filled with fear. For example, Prophet Muhammad was filled with fear when
the angel Jibreel squeezed him.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTIONS
and Prophet Musa was confused when he heard Allah for the first time. The states of
confusion, fear, and shock of the prophet's show how they were humans like the rest of
their nation and that their Prophethood began unannounced. Another thing we learn from
this experience is that Angel Jibreel has always acted as a link between Allah and His
prophets as hem as the arch angel have always brought the message of Allah to the
prophets.

A. DESCRIBE HOW THE QURAN WAS WRITTEN DOWN AND RECORDED

DURING PROPHET'S (PBUH) LIFETIME. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:

38
1. Revelations began in 610 AD for a period of 22 years 5 months and 14 days in the month
of Ramadan.

2. According to situations and events the revelations used to be sent to the messenger of
Allah.
3 Quran could never be in a complete book form during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH)
due to the chance he could receive revelation, but the revelations were written down and
were never without any arrangement.
4. The Quran has 114 chapters and all except Surah Taubah begin with the formula. "In
the name of Allah, the most
Beneficent, and the Merciful." Every chapter is composed of a number of verses.
5. Revelations received would be printed on to messenger of Allah's mind so that he was
never forgetting them, "We will make you recite so you shall not forget..." (87:6)
6. As soon as any revelation would be sent, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) would
immediately one of his scribes to write down the revelation and then he would ask them
to repeat it back to him to ensure the accuracy of the written text. 7.The scribes would write
down the revelations on thin and flat tablets of stone, leather, wood, branches of palm
trees,and on bones of camels and goats.

8.Sometimes the Prophet (PBUH) would specify the place of the revelation: "Write down
this verse in such and such chapter after such and such verse." For example, the first five
verses of Surah Alaq that were revealed first are placed in the 96th chapter and the Quran
begins with the revelations that were revealed after messenger of Allah migrated to
Madina.

9. According to Hazrat Usman, the order of revelation was done under the guidance of
Hazrat Jibreel who gave instructions to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who then told the
scribes. 10. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had one copy safely stored in a particular order
but the other scribes had their own copy as well; such as Abdullah bin Masud ar.d all the
companions would bring out their copies of the written down Holy text to compare the text
and order of accuracy during Ramadan when the messenger of Allah would recite. 11. On
appropriate occasions such as in sermons explaining Islamic laws moral topics and along
with the Prophet the com panions would recite the Quran in their daily prayers, especially
in the month of Ramadan.

ANSWER:
in 610 AD during the islamic month of Ramadan, Angel Jibreel brought the first revelation
to Holy Prophet in the cave of Hira. After that the revelations continued to come frequently
to Propriet (PBUH) on various occasions and events. They con tinued for 22 years 5 months

39
and 14 days and they were in portions and parts. There was no specific order of revelation
rather the revelations were according to present situations at that time. Holy prophet
(PBUH) used to instruct the way in which they should be arranged. The Quran was not
although compiled during the lifetime of Holy Prophet (PBUH), but it was preserved in a
manner prescribed. A total of Holy Quran's, 114 chapters begin with the formula: "in the
name of
Allah, the most Beneficent, and the most Merciful." Every chapter is composed of a number
of verses except Surah Taubah.

Whenever the Holy Prophet (PBUH) received a revelation, he recited it immediately and
stored it in his memory, never forget ting it, because his infallibility prevented him from
forgetting it or making a mistake in it. "We will make you recite so you shall not forget..."
(87:6). Prophet (PBUH) himself did not know how to read and write therefore, as soon as
the revelation arrived, he would dictate it to one his scribes to write down on thin tablets
of stone, leather, wood, bones, branches of palm trees and camel skin etc. The scribe would
then recite it back to him to check for any errors or omissions. At times the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) told the scribes to record verses in a manner that he told for example say: "Write
down this verse in such and such chapter after such and such verse. "As per Hazrat Usman's
saying Prophet (PBUH) was guided by Angel Jibreel for such specific order in which they
were to be recorded. For example, the first five verses of Surah Alaq that were revealed
first are placed in the 96th chapter and the Quran begins with the revelations that were
revealed after messenger of Allah migrated to Madinah,
No complete copy could exist during the lifetime of the messenger of Allah as there was
always a possibility that he could receive a new revelation. One copy of all the revelations
was safely stored by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and rest of the copies were kept by the
scribes such as Abdullah bin Masud who had his own copy. The companions used to
compare their copies for accuracy and for the order with that one copy that Prophet (PBUH)
had, usually during the month of Ramadan.. holy Prophet used to recite it for his scribes tc
check their coples and this was done twice in his last year.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTIONS
Moreover, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) would recite various verses and Surahs in his sermons
and congregational prayers and in gatherings to explain Islamic laws and moral topics, The
companions did the same by regular recitation in the prayers and especially in the month
of Ramadan to keep it in memory. There were many Huffaz (Muslims who memorged the
Quran) at the time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as it was method adopted by the majority

A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF HOW THE QURAN DEVELOPED INTO A BOOK

FORM. [10]

40
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. During Prophet's life; Collection by scribes on stones, wood, camel bones, palm leaves,
leather and memorization.
2. After death of the Prophet need arose to compile it into the book form.
3. Problems arose and wars were fought during Abu Bakr's caliphate.

4. People in Arabia arose and declared themselves prophets.

5. One of the biggest was Musalima.
6. Battle of Yamama was fought against him and a lot of Huffaz-e-Quran were martyred.

7. Other Huffaz were dying of old age.

8. Hazrat Umar took notice of this after Battle of Yamama and suggested to Calipn Abu
Bakr to compile Quran in the form of a book
9. Abu Bakr replied, "How shall I do something which the apostle of Allah did not do?
Umar did not seize to repeat it to me until Allah opened my breast for that" Abu Bakr then
said, "... So, search for the Quran and collect it."

10. Zayd bin Thabit was appointed by Abu Bakr to collect and compile the Quran. He too
was hesitant Initially. "By Allahı if you had put the task of taking away a certain mountain,
it would not have been heavier to me than what you have ordered" Hazrat Zayd also asked
Abu Baki that how could he do this when the Prophet didn't do it in his lifetime. Abu Bakr
replied, "By Allah this is good". Hazrat Zayd said, "Abu Bakr did not selze to repeat it to
me until Allah opened my breast..."
11. A commission of around 25 companions was made and headed by Zayd bin Thabit.
12. Hazrat Zayd collected the Quran from Sahaba who had imemorized it and from the
ones who had it in their passes sions in written form, stones, woud, camel bones, palm
leaves, leather etc.
13. Not only this was collected but verified as well as he was hafiz himself.his was collected
but verified as well as he was Hafiz himself.
14. Also used to verify it by running through companions who had heard it from the
Prophet.

15. Only accepted those parts which were in Quraishi dialect.

16. Collected was named Mushaf by Abdullah bin Masud.
17. Kept with Abu Bakr till his death and then passed to Caliph Umar R.A

41
18. After his death passed to his daughter and wife of Prophet, Hazrat Hafsa (Mushaf-e-
Hafsa).

19. During Hazrat Umar and Usman's caliphate Islam spread to non-Arab area (Syria &
Iraq) and started to be recited in a wrong dialect.
20. Noticed by Hazrat Anas and conveyed to Huzaifa bin Yaman who brought into Hazrat
Usman's attention.
21. Threat of Quran and its meaning being changed just like the earlier scriptures of
Christians and Jews.

22. Hazrat Usman requested the copy of the Quran from Hafsa R.A
23. Hazrat Zayd bin Thabit was appointed again with: 3 knowledgeable Muslims: Abdul
Rehman bin Harris, Abdullah bin Zubair & Saad bin Aas.

24. Copies of the Quran from the original text were made in Quraishi dialect.
25. This Quran was recited out loud in Masjid e Nabwi in public so that no doubt remained.
26. The copies were sent to all provinces, to their capitals

27. All other copies which were different from the ones made were ordered to be burnt so
that they didn't exist and one unified copy remained.
6. This eliminated any differences to be present. Due to this Hazrat Usman is known as
Jami-si-Quran.

ANSWER:
The Holy Quran is the divine book of Muslims and God himself has promised to safeguard
it until the end of times. "Surety, We have revealed the 'Dhikr' (Quran), and surely, We
will preserve it" 15:9 The Holy Quren did not exist in a book form during the lifetime of
the Prophet Muhammad although all revelations were recorded in writing but not one
companion had a complete set of all the revelations.
The need for compiling the Holy Quran in a book form rose during the time of Caliph Abu
Bakr. After the death of the sty Prophet some people throughout the country declared false
Prophethood, one such person was Musailma. Musalma became strong in a short period of
time and was becoming a real threat to the true message of Islam so Hazrat Abu Bakr
waged a war against him, known as Battle of Yamama. Unfortunately, many Huffaz of the
Holy Quran were martyred during the battle. Seeing so many Muslims who had memorized
Quran being martyred in the battie made Hazrat Umar realize that Huffaz would either die
of old age or be martyred in future battles and the true message of God would be lost over
time. for this reason he went to Hazrat Abu Bakr and requested him to compile the UQuran
in a book form in order to preserve it for future generations.

42
HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN
REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTIONS
At first Hural Abu Bakr was hesitant as this was not done during the life of the messenger
of Allah but as the Caliph rates "Umar went on persuading me to accept his suggestion till
I was convinced that he was right, so I accepted his suggestion. Abu Bakr formed a
delegation of 20-25 companions under the leadership of Zaid Ibn Thabit, one of the leading
scribes at the time of Prophet Mohammad. Zaid bin Thabit asked all the companions to
hand in their written record of the Duran, which was on palm leaves, stones, bones, pieces
of woods etc. He also traced down all the Huffaz ave at me time of the compilation.
Zaid bin Thabit had strict criteria for accepting the written material; he would verify the
content trom people who had heard it from the Prophet directly, verbal material was
collaborated with the written material when at least two people verified it and was in the
dialect of Quraish, and through these efforts the Quran complied was ensured to be the
version that recorded under the supervision of the messenger of Allah. This compilation
was called Mushaf by Abdullah bin Masud and was transfered from Abu Bakr to Umar and
then finally to Hazrat Hafsah, widow of the Holy Prophet and this copy of the Quran came
to be known as 'Mushaf al Hafsah'.

Under the caliphate of Hazrat Usman, the islamic empire expanded to Syria and Iraq and
is narrated by Anas bin Malik that the newly converts of these places were reciting the
Quran differently. This was initially noticed by Hazrat Anas and conveyed to Hazrat
Huzaifa bin Yaman. Disturbed by this, he went to Hazrat Usman and expressed his concern
as this could become a potential rift amongst the Muslims. Hazrat Usman appointed Zaid
bin Thabit, Abdur Rehman bin Harris, Abdullah bin Zubair and Saad bin Aas to make
copies of 'Mushaf al Hafsah' and follow the dialect of Quraish. Also, to avoid any future
problems and for extra precaution the Quran was read out loud from beginning to end in
the mosque of the Prophet. This was also done for everyone's peace of mind that no change
was brought to the Quran.
Afterwards copies were made and sent to all the provinces of Muslims states and
instructions were given to destroy the old copies with fire and make further copies from
the copy that has been sent now. For this reason, Hazrat Usman was given the title of Jami
Ul Quran, as he brought everlasting uniformity to the Holy Quran. The copy of the Quran
you and I have today is the one that was in the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr with no changes
of arrangements made to the text of the Quran; it is just as it was at the time of the Holy
Prophet.

B. WHY DID CALIPHS THINK IT WAS IMPORTANT TO COMPILE THE

QURAN? [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:

43
1. If wars kept on happening and Huffaz kept getting martyred, then threat of Quran not
existing in the form that is does.

2. If different versions existed, then original meaning might have not survived.
3. For guidance of future generations
4. Threat of original message being lost

5. Might break unity of Muslims 6. Single source of guidance might not be present.

ANSWER:
There were number of reasons for the caliphs to think that it is important to compile the
Quran, Quran was memorized by people initially, and it was not compiled by the Holy
Prophet (PBUH). Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) realized that Quran should be in the written form
and cannot only stay in people memories. He believed that it is a necessary step for
protecting the original revelations so that future generations can take guidance from it, do
not go astray and stay on the path of Allah.
Moreover, Hazrat Usman also believed that the authenticity of the revelations could be lost
it it was not compiled and the message would not stay original. It would have given rise to
different version, from different people perspectives, and there would have been no single
source of path for the Muslims to follow in the future. Interpretations given by the enemies
can erupt fights and disunity among the Muslims and they might lose their roots. Only the
persistence of one single source of original message can preserve the unity among the
Muslims and guide them to walk on the right path.
Preservation of the original message was the main reason for the caliphs to think that it is
highly necessary and this need to be done.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTIONS
B. EXPLAIN SIGNIFICANCE OF QURAN BEING REVEALED OVER A PERIOD
OF TIME? [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The verses were so powerful that it's time to time revelation reduced the burden for Holy
Prophet (PBUH).
2. It gives followers some time to implement the instructions in their life slowly.
3. It allows the necessary time for Muslims to understand the information, absorb it and
execute it in their lives.

44
4. It gives the Muslims time to memorize it.
5. It provided encouragement to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and provided

6. Would have been difficult for the scribes to write the complete Quran.

ANSWER:
The Quran was not revealed on Holy Prophet (PBUH) at once, but it was revealed over a
period of time, and it proved to be highly significant for the Muslims as well as for the
messenger. There were several reasons why it proved to be signit cant. The reasons are as
follows. The verses were so powerful and heavy on Holy Prophet (PBUH), that it gave
time to him to absorb them and reduce burden on him. Also, it allowed the followers of
islam to understand it gradually and com pletely, memorize it and apply it in their lives and
portray in their daily life actions. It gave them, the time so they would not go astray and
stay on the path of Allah.
Furthermore, time to time revelations also provide Holy Prophet (PBUH) guidance and
provided a path for him. Moreover, the verses were revealed at specific events according
to specific conditions. At times they were revealed to console the Prophet, and at times to
guide the Prophet. Lastly, it would have been difficult for the scribes to write the complete
Quran if it was revealed all at once, hence it was very important for the Quran to be revealed
over a period of time.

A. HOW IS QURAN USED AS A SOURCE OF GUIDANCE IN THE THOUGHTS

AND ACTIONS OF MUSLIMS? [101
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Holy Quran is for the guidance of Muslims in their day to day lives till the day of
judgement.
2. It took 23 years to be completely revealed to Holy Prophet (PBUH).
3. Allah said. "And we sent down to you the book (the Quran) as an exposition of
everything for all those who have sub mitted themselves to Allah (as Muslims)."
4. Allah took the duty of safeguarding Quran from any sort of corruption.
5. Quran provides us things to realize the supremacy and glory of Allah.

6. Quran tells us about unseen things like angels, Jinns. Satan, heavens and all the creations
of Allah that are not visible
to the human eye.

7. It tells us about the oneness of Allah.

45
8. It tells us about the belief in Allah, His Books, Apostles and the Day of Judgement.
9.It is said in Ouran, "The apostles belleve in what has been revealed to him as do the men
of faith. Each of them believes in Allah, His angels, His books, His apostles and the Day
of Judgement."
10. Quran telts us about earlier times, and how Allah destroyed the nations and defeated
them when they disobeyed Allah.
11. The Quran said. "The Roman Empire has been defeated in a land close by but they even
after this (defeat oftheirs) will be victorious.

12. The Quran also guides Muslims regarding the following five pillars of Isiam, as it says,
"Establish regular prayer and give Zakat" and "Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to
Allah those who can afford the journey."

13. Quran also guides Muslims regarding their behavior and attitude towards other
Muslims. 14. It tells Muslims to be humble, pious, honest and modest, as it says, "And
swell not your cheek with pride at men.
and walk not with insolence through the Earth for Allah loves not any arrogant boaster."
15. It tells Muslims not to hurt and cheat other people, "And give full measure when you
measure and weigh with a balance that is straight."

16. It tells Muslims to sign any contract which is for more than 2 years, in the presence of
2 witnesses.

17. It also tells Muslims regarding theft, gambling and adultery, drinking, as it says, "As
for the thief male or female cut of his or her hands" and "The women and men guilty of
adultery, punish them with 80 stripes of the cane."
18. It also tells us regarding Inheritance, rights of parents, servants, women, children,
neighbors. Such as, Allah says regarding inheritance, "Allah (thus) directs you as regards
your children's (inheritance): to the male a portion equal to that of two females: if only
daughters two or more their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one her share is
half.
19. It also tells about the embryo developments and mountains stabilizing the Earth.

20. It also tells Muslims regarding political duty, as it says, "Obey Allah and obey the
apostle and those charged with authority amongst you."

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

REVELATION, PERSERVATION, COMPILATION, THOUGHTS & ACTION

ANSWER:

46
The Holy Quran is a complete guidance for Muslims in their daily lives. It was revealed to
the Holy Prophet (PBUH) over a span of 23 years. Allah (SWT) has ordered us Muslims
to consider the Quran as a complete source of guidance till the Day of Judgement, Allah
says, "And we sent down to you the book (the Quran) as an exposition of everything for
all those who have submitted themselves to Allah (as Muslims)." Allah has also taken the
responsibility of protecting the Quran from corruption unto himself.
The Holy Quran provides much food for the thought of Muslims. It commands us to ponder
over the creation of the heavens, the earth and everything there is in order to realize the
true majesty and glory of Allah (SWT) The Quran also tells us about the unseen. It tells us
about Allah, His unity. His power. His attributes and other creations of His which we
cannot see such as angels. T also warns us from Satan and the Jinns who lead us astray. It
tells us about the belief in Allah, His angels, books, apostles, Day of Judgement. "The
apostles believe in what has been revealed to him as do the men of faith. Each of them
believes in Allah, His angels, His books, His apostles and the Day of Judgement."

The Quran also contains stories of earlier prophets and their communities. It tells us how
eariler civilization were destroyed when they incurred Allah's displeasure by refusing to
obey Him. The Quran also contains many prophecies. For example, It said, "The Roman
Empire has been defeated in a land close by but they even after this (defeat of theirs) will
be victo rious." Both of these prophecies were fulfilled in the lifetime of the Prophet
(PBUH).
The Quran contains Injunctions regarding religion. They command us to pray five times a
day, give Zakat, fast and go for pil grimage. "Establish regular prayer and give Zakat" and
"Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah those who can afford the journey."
The also commands Muslims to cultivate good virtues. It tells Muslims to remain humble,
honest, plous and gentle in their attitude towards other. Muslims must not boast but should
be modest, "And swell not your cheek with pride at then and walk not with insolence
through the Earth for Allah loves not any arrogant boaster." The Quran also commands
Muslims to be honest and upright. Muslims must not cheat with others in their day to day
dealings. "And give full measure when you measure and weigh with a balance that is
straight." Besides, in financial sphere of life the Quran commands Muslims to have at least
2 witnesses when signing any contract longer than 2 years."

The Quran contains many laws to govern civil and criminal jurisprudence. The Quran sets
out the punishments for theft. adultery, gambling and drinking etc. "As for the thief male
or female cut of his or her hands" and "The women and men guilty of adultery punish them
with 80 stripes of the cane." Regarding the laws of inheritance, the Quran says. "Allah
(thus) directs you as regards your children's (inheritance): to the male a portion equal to
that of two females: it only daughters two or more their share is two-thirds of the
inheritance; if only one her share is half."

47
The Holy Quran also contains teachings about behaviour towards parents, children,
teachers, neighbours, prisoners. servants and others around us. The Holy Quran also
contains many facts that were at that time unknown to people. It tells us about the role of
mountains in stabilizing the Earth and the stages in the development of human embryo.
"And He has set firm the mountains on the Earth so that it would not shake with you."

The Holy Quran does, besides, order Muslims in their political responsibility. It says,
"Obey Allah and obey the apostle and those charged with authority amongst you." In all
these ways, the Quran is without doubt a complete source of guidance.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING A. DISCUSS AUTHORITY OF QURAN AS A
SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The path of Allah guides Muslims in their actions
2. Quran is the primary source of law. 3. Quran is the most basic and authentic source of
islamic legal thinking, as is into that which is most right". (17:9)
the Quran, "Verily this Quran guides
4. It gives Muslims laws and rules that cover minute details concerning their lives, all the
injunctions that are the core of islam.
5. "We have sent down to you the book of Truth so that you may judge between men
according to law as laid down by Allah" (4:105)
6. It is a source of knowledge and guidance in all aspects of life including other legal
sources: Sunnah, ljma and Qiyas.

7. The Quran guides Muslims not only about their individual lives but also about their
behavior towards other members of
the community...

8. Contains sufficient legal material used as basis of law making in all times to come.
9. "It is an exposition of that which is decreed for mankind" (10:37)
10. Three types of laws

a. Relating to Faith; Belief in Tauhid Angers, Books, Prophets, Day of Judgement,

Predestination & Freewill.
b. Ethics (Quranic ethics)

48
c. Practical life (marriage, divorce, inheritance etc.) Rights of worship (Pillars) give
references as proof.

Social matters (Justice, fairness in dealings, true evidence & giving measure and weight).
11. It covers numerous topics, including worship, beliefs, all kinds of monetary deals,
Intentionally harming any human being physically, property and honor, adultery, murder,
ruining public peace, misdemeanor against the government.
12 The Quran also states regarding punishments, "We ordained therein for them. Life for
life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth and wounds equal for equal."
(5:45)
13. The Quran also guides about any kind of unethical and un-islamic practice, including
playing games for money,charging Riba (Interests), drinking wine, as it says, "O you who
believed! Intoxicants and gambling, sacrificing of stones and arrows are all abomination
of Satan's handiwork, show self-restrain against them so you can prosper." (5:90)
14. Quran lays out all the punishments for all kind of wrongdoings including the bribes and
giving full weights and measures, as it says in the Quran, "Give full measure when you
measure and weigh with the balance that is straight" (17:35).
15. Quran also instructed people not to break any one's trust and return deposits, and give
the orphans their rights, as it says, "Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, eat
up a fire into their own bodies."

16. Quran also quides Muslims not to eat anything which is pronounced Haram by Allah
and only feed on Halal things, as the verse says, "Lawful unto you are all four-footed
animals with the exception named." (5:1) 17. Quran also laid down rules regarding some
other important topics, such as marriage, divorce, behavior with children,Orphans, women,
old people as well as slaves, economic dealings
18. In the book of Quran, every other detail is communicated, as Quran itself stated,
"Nothing have we omitted from the Book." (6:38)
19. Sunnah is to be used for any practical application guidelines.
20. Hadith, lima and Qiyas all follow Quran and do not go against it. They lay out
guidelines on areas which were not included by the Quran:

ANSWER:
Allah gave Muslims the religion Islam which is based on faith and the divine revelations
are His will upon which Muslims follow and live their life accordingly. Quran is the
cornerstone of Islamic law, as Allah says in the Holy Quran, "Verily this Quran guides to
that which is most right." This divine Book is filled with instructions on all matters of life

49
for the Muslims. the injunctions on various matters are clear and there can be no dispute
about it. It is said, "We have sent down to you the book of Truth so that you may judge
between men according to law as laid down by Allah" (4:105) Quran contains all kinds of
material which guides Muslims all kind of legal authorities and rights individuals have. It
is also said, "It is an exposition of that which is decreed for mankind" (10:37) Quran
contains rules and regulations regarding three areas. Firstly, it includes faith related areas,
such as belief in Allah, Books, angels, apostles, day of judgement. Secondly, it covers
ethics and manners to behave in a society in terms of Qurans knowledge. Lastly, it includes,
practical life matters, such as marriage laws, divorce laws and providing justice fairly in
all kinds of matters.
The Quran covers the domain of beliefs, morality, worship, civil transactions, and
punishment for intentional injury to the human body, property and honour, murder, breach
of public peace, offences against the established, adultery, and offences against religion
and against indecency. When laying down the injunction regarding punishment the Holy
Quran states: "We ordained therein for them. Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear
for ear, tooth for tooth and wound equal for equal."

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING

Moreover, the Quran covers the social aspect of human life such as guidelines related to
justice, how to act in designated roles in the society, not to offer bribe or take a bribe, and
do business transactions with honesty by giving full weights and measures. For example,
on the issue of weights and measure the Holy Quran states, "Give full measures when you
measure and weigh with the balance that is straight."
There are various things that are forbidden in Islam which are explicitly mentioned in the
Quran such as drinking wine. playing games of chance, charging Riba. "O you who
believed! Intoxicants and gambling, sacrificing of stones and arrows are all abomination
of Satan's handiwork, show self-restrain against them so that you may prosper." In many
places in the divine text there is mention of safeguarding contracts by putting them into
writing, to return valuabiles that you have undertaken in trust to the relevant person and
not to do injustice to the orphans by taking over their wealth and
property. "Those who unjustly eat up the property of the Orphans, eat up fire into their own
bodies," Allah has created abundance of nourishments for humans but has clearly made
some edible items haram for Muslims, and that is clearly mentioned in the Quran in the
following verse. "Lawful unto you are all four-footed animals with the exception named."
When Allah gave permission to the Muslims for Jihad. He also set instructions for how to
fight a war, how to equally distribute the booty, treatment of the prisoners of war in a just
manner and dealings with an area conquered as the result of victory in war.

50
As the Quran is a book for all matters regarding life it also discusses the rules of marriage
and divorce, various business issues, laws on inheritance have been laid down upon,
treatment of different relations such as family, spouses, siblings, relatives and of orphans.
The Quran also mentions on how women and slaves should be treated and protects their
right. As Allah himself has promised to protect the message inside the Holy Quran until
the end of time we can be assured that no rules have been changed and all these rules will
remain relevant to the end of time. Upon this Allah says. "Nothing we have omitted from
the Book."

Quran and Hadith are primary sources of islamic law as they go hand in hand. Where Quran
only mentions the issue the Hadith shows the Muslims on how to apply it practically into
their everyday life. Other sources of Islamic legal thinking such as Hadith, Qiyas and lima
are only permissible to use when the Holy Quran is silent on the respected issue and the
other 3 sources can never give a ruling that is in contradiction with the teachings of the
Holy Quran.

A. DISCUSS AUTHORITY OF QURAN AS A SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Quran and hadith work with each other to help Muslims lead an acceptable life, morally
and spiritually
2. Quran provides directions to do things and hadiths provide the way of implementing the
directions by the acts of
Prophet (PBUH).
3. The Quran says about the Hadith, "So take what the Messenger gives you, and refrain
from what he prohibits you."(59:7)
4. Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, "Behold! I have been given the Book and a similar thing
(Sunnah) along with that."
5. First source is the Quran to have guidance, then moves to Hadith to support the message
of Allah.
6. Generally, scholars believe that both the sources are closely related to each other as
Hadith provide more detailed information regarding the simple directions in the Quran.
7. One of the example of the usage of Hadith and Quran together is Zakat.
8. Zakat is the charity money, which is one of the five pillars of Islam.

9. Zakat is as important as it's the fourth pillar of islam, as Quran states about Zakat, "And
be steadfast in prayer, give the charity tax, and bow down your heads with those who bow
down." (2:43)

51
10. Qurans provides general instruction to pay Zakat to the Muslims, but it does not explain
how to pay Zakat, which is done by the Sunnah.

11. Holy Prophet (PBUH) said about Zakat, "Abu Sa'id al-Khudri narrated that the
Messenger of Allah said: No charity tax is due on property mounting to less than five Uqiya
and no charity tax is due on fewer than five camels, and there is no charity tax on fewer
than five Wasq." According to al-Bukhari, Sahih, Book 24: The book of zakat: the two
words Ugiya and Wasg are measures of weight.
12. The Sunnah gave the guidelines regarding Zakat and made it clear for the Muslims
whether they are entitled to pay the charity or not.
13. Second example of the use of Hadith and Quran is financial dealings especially Riba.
14. Riba is the interest received on the loans, which is prohibited in the Quran.

15. The Quran says regarding Riba, "They say, trade is like interest, and Allah has allowed
trade and forbidden interest."
16. Quran is generally forbidding Riba, but it is clearly explaining the types of business
transactions that comes under Riba, which is done by Sunnah.
17. The Hadith reported Holy Prophet (PBUH) saying. "From Jabir: The Prophet, may
cursed the receiver and the payer of interest, the one who records it and the two witnesses
to the transaction and said: "They are all alike [in guilt]."(Muslim; also, in Tirmidhi and
Masnad Ahmad).

18. This hadith used together with the Quran provide guidelines to the Muslims regarding
Riba.

HISTORY IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING

19. Further example, Surah Maida verse 38, "As for the thief, male or female, cut off his
or her hand, an exemplary punisment from Allah for their crime. Allah is Mighty, Wise."

20. In this example, Allah has instructed to cut the hand of a person who steals or does
theft. However, it is not mentioned how many hands should be cut or for how much of
stealing.

21. The Prophet (PBUH) explained it. "The hand should be cut off for (the theft of) a
quarter of a dinar or more." (Bukhari)
22. Another example is law of inheritance-Quran states, "It's the duty of a believer who
owns property to make a will when he (or she) is near death, and he should bequeath fairly

52
to his parents and next of kin. This is binding upon everyone who is mindful (of their duty
to Allah)." (2:180)

23. The Prophet added to the law of inheritance by saying that, "A Muslim may not inherit
from a non-Muslim, nor a non-Muslim inherit from a Muslim." (Bukhari)
24. The value the Sunnah in helping Muslims fulfil the requirements of their Imaan cannot
be overstated.
25. Without Sunnah, Muslims will not even be able to carry out their obligatory prayers.
26. Allah has asked Muslims to pray. "Verily I am Allah: there is no god but I: so, serve
thou Me, (only) and establish regular prayer for celebrating My praise." (Surah Taha, 14)
27. The method of prayer can only be learnt from Sunnah and Hadith.
28. Prophet said, "Pray as you see me praying." And "No prayer is complete without Al-
Fateha."
29. In the case where Quran is completely silent, the Hadith takes over and forms the entire
law independently.

30. General laws regarding inheritance are stated in the Quran, however, the question of
whether wealth can be inherited from a Non-Muslim remains unanswered. The Hadith says
regarding this topic, "A Muslim may not inherit from a Non-Muslim, nor a Non-Muslim
inherit from a Muslim."
31. Quran and Hadith both also help supporting the use of lima and Olyas to derive law in
case both Primary sources are silent on a matter.
32. Both Quran and Sunnah should be considered in taking a decision, since without either
of them, decision would be incomplete.

ANSWER:
As Islam is a complete religion which shapes the lifestyle of Muslims, two primary sources;
Quran and Hadith are used as guidance in day to day matters Where Quran is used for
instructions, Hadith is referred to understand how the Holy Prophet acted in any given
situation. Hadith and Quran go side by side; to live an optimum Muslim life we need to
use both. Even Quran supports the use of Hadith for everyday issues alongside it in the
following verse, "So take what the Messen ger gives you, and refrain from what he
prohibits you." Even the Holy Prophet endorsed this when he said: "Behold I have been
given the Book and a similar thing (Sunnah) along with that." The Holy Quran is used as
the primary source for Islamic legal thinking, second to it is Hadith and amongst the experts
it is unanimously agreed upon that both are so closely related to each other that Prophet's

53
(pbuh) Hadiths could be used as a further explanation for the general instructions
mentioned in the Quran.

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam and is one of the necessary acts performed by a
Muslim just like offering prayers 5 times a day regularly. The Quran mentions about zakat
in the following verse, "And be steadfast in prayer, give the charity tax, and bow down
your heads with those who bow down." As you can see the Quran only mentions that
Muslims must give zakat, but it does not give specific instructions on how to give zakat
and this is where the practice of Sunnah comes in need. Prophet Muhammad in hadiths
provide instructions on how to give zakat, one such hadith is this, "Abu Sa'id al-Khudri
narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: No charity tax is due on property mounting to
less than five Uqiya and no charity tax is due on fewer than five camels, and there is no
charity tax on fewer than five Wasq." According to al-Bukhari, Sahih, Book 24; The book
of zakat; the two words Uqiya and Wasg are measures of weight. Such Hadiths gave a path
for the legal experts of Islam to follow and make rules and guidelines regarding zakat under
the light of the two primary sources.
Second example where Quran and Hadith have been employed together is in the section of
financial dealings, particularly Riba. Riba is taking of interest for making a loan to someone
which is absolutely prohibited in the Holy Quran, as it is said in the following verses, "They
say, trade is like interest, and Allah has allowed trade and forbidden interest." However, it
is not mentioned what kind of business transactions come under Riba. The Sunnah by
Prophet Muhammad speaks about Riba in the following words, "From Jabir: The Prophet,,
may cursed the receiver and the payer of interest, the one who records it and the two
witnesses to the transaction and said: "They are all alike [in guilt]." (Muslim; also, in
Tirmidhi and Masnad Ahmad)." There are many Hadiths, and all give clear guidelines on
what is permissible and what is not under the issue of Riba and this gives Muslims of today
a very clear path to follow.
Further example can be taken about theft, which is a serious crime and Allah has specified
punishment not only this world but in hereafter as well. Such sins are punishable so as to
discourage them and make the society a better place. It is said in Surah Maida verse 38,
"As for the thief, male or female, cut off his or her hand, an exemplary punishment from
Allah for their crime. Allah is Mighty, Wise." In this example, Allah has instructed to cut
the hand of a person who steals or does theft. However, it is not mentioned how many
hands should be cut or for how much of stealing. One may not go on cutting hands of every
thief therefore, there has to be some kind of information regarding it. The Prophet (PBUH)
explained it, "The hand should be cut off for (the theft of) a quarter of a dinar or more."
(Bukhari).

54
HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN
ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING
In the similar way the Quran says about the low of inheritance but does not explain it
further, so we take the help of Hadith. Quran states. should bequeath fairly to his parents
and next of kin. This is binding upon everyone who is mindful (of their duty to Allah)."
(2:180). The Prophet added to the law of inheritance by saying that, "A Muslim may not
inherit from a non-Muslim, nor a non-Muslim inherit from a Muslim." (Bukhari)
The value the Sunnah in helping Muslims fulfil the requirements of their faith cannot be
overstated as they help a believer in all aspects whether be it regarding praying or regarding
the social conduct. Prayers are the first and important pillar of Islam. Without Sunnah,
Muslims will not even be able to carry out their obligatory prayers in the right way.
Allah has asked Muslims to pray, "Verily am Allah: there is no god but t: so, serve thou
Me, (only) and establish regular prayer for celebrating My praise." (Surah Taha, 14). The
Quran only mentions that prayers are obligatory on every man and woman except some
who include sick and the travelling. However, how one should pray, is not prescribed in
Quran. Again, the method of prayer can only be learnt from Sunnah and Hadith. Prophet
said, "Pray as you see me praying." And "No prayer is complete without al-Fatiha,"

Quran and Hadith both also help supporting the use of lima (consensus) and Qiyas
(analogy), secondary sources of law, to derive law in case both primary sources are silent
on a matter. They have to be used side by side to follow all the rules of Allah that He has
laid down in Islam for Muslims to follow; otherwise without either we could be lost.

A. DEFINE UMA AND DISCUSS ITS ROLE AS A SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW.

[10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. lima, the word means 'unanimous' or 'consensus' and is related to the same as Jum'a
(Friday) and jami (mosque) and the word Jamat (congregation). Ijma is used when Quran
and Sunnah have not spoken about an issue.
2. Two Quranic verses that support the use of lima

"Thus, have We made of you a community justly balanced, that you might be witnesses
over the nation, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves."
"You are the best of people evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right and forbidding
what is wrong and believing in Allah"
3. Prophet Muhammad also supported ljma "My community will never agree upon an
error."

55
4 lima can be divided into two types; first is the general agreement and the second is about
the legal matters.

5. General agreement is about the basic beliefs in Islam such as Allah is one, the Holy
Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad and that Muhammad (PBUH) is the last
messenger of Allah

6. In the second type, ljma is about the 'consensus' of all Muslims on legal affairs on which
both Quran and Sunnah have not spoken.
7. Examples of ljma

Father dies before his son, when the son himself dies, the grandfather of the son along with
other relatives share together the son's estate which was left by his father. firma on this
case was guided by the Quranic instruction "It is prescribed, when death approaches any
of you, if he leaves any goods, that he should make a bequest to parents and next of kin,"
Ljma has been used in the ruling of forbidding marriages between a man and any of his
grandmothers or grand daughters, based on the Quranic injunction, "Prohibited to you are
your mothers, daughters, sisters, father's sisters, mother's sister. Brother's daughters, sister's
daughters; foster mothers, foster sisters, your wives' mothers, your step daughters under
your guardianship, born of your wives." lima was used to decide whether the Quran should
be compiled in a book form during caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr
During the caliphate of Hazrat Umar, Tarawih started to be prayed after Isha prayers in
congregation after an lima amongst the companions.
• Second Azan of Jumma prayer was made obligatory during the caliphate of Hazrat Usman
after lima of compan ions due to the first Azan not being able to reach the masses.

8. Ijma was also practiced during the Prophet (PBUH)'s time.

9. One incident is of Battle of Uhad; Prophet was of the view that the battle be lought inside
the city of Madina while the companions suggested it should be outside Madina. With the
practice of lima ef Prophet along with companions it was agreed that battle would be fought
outside Madina.
10. Another example from Prophets life: incident of idea of Hazrat Salman Farsi to dig up
trench.
11. Disputes among the Muslims especially the legai experts over 'group of Muslims' who's
ijma should be accepted:

a) According to some, agreement of people of Madina

b) Some say according to the agreement of the 4 rightly guided Caliphs

56
c) Some consider the agreement of the companions of the Prophet (Sahaba) as they were
most knowledgeable .

d) Agreement of Jurists who are experts on legal matters According to Shias it is the
consensus of the Shia Imams.
1)According to some it is the agreement of the entire Muslim community, but this is
practically impossible in this time and age to get Billions of Muslims together to discuss a
problem.
HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING

12. Eligibility of the person making lime decisions-some rules:

a. A person should be practicing Muslim with thorough knowledge and understanding of
Quran and Sunnah.

b. They must be pious, righteous and have firm belief in Allah therefore they must have
fear of Allah. There must be strong evidence for the decision, and it must not be an issue
already discussed in Quran or Sunnah.

c.There must be pious ,righteous and have firm belief im Allah therefore they must have
fear of Allah .
d. Ima decisions can be abrogated by an equal body.

ANSWER:
in islam, there are four sources of lew: the Quran, Hadith, Olyas, and lima, lima, the word
means 'unanimous' or 'commun sus". In Arabic it is related to the same verb as Jum'a
(Friday) and jami (mosque)and the word Jamat (congregation) (jima is only used when
there are no clear teachings or when the Quran and Hadith are silent on an issue and the
use of consen sus' in legal thinking is supported in Quran by the following two verses.
"Thus have We made of you a community justly balanced, that you might be witnesses
over the nation, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves." And "you are the best of
people evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right forbidding what is wrong and
believing in Allah" These verses and similar to it give the message about the Muslim
community being given authority due to being the followers of the guidance given by Allah
and acted upon by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Holy Prophet also once said. "My
community will never agree upon an error." For that reason, from the earliest times in Islam
the unanimous agreement of regard ing any legal or general issue is binding on all Muslims.

Ijma can be divided into two types; first is the 'general agreement' and the second is about
"the legal matters." General agreement is about the basic beliefs in Islam such as Allah is
one, the Holy Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad and that Muhammad (pbuh) is
the last messenger of Allah. These fundamentals of Islam are agreed and believed upon by

57
all followers of Islam. In the second type, ljma is about the 'consensus' of all Muslims on
legal affairs on which both Quran and Sunnah have not spoken.

There are many disputes among the Muslims especially the legal experts over 'group of
Muslims' who's lima should be accepted. Each community in different times has chosen
different 'group of Muslims' as those who's lima should be accepted such as; some
supported the lijma of the companions of the Holy Prophet, while others either supported
the rightly guided caliphs lima or the descendants of the Holy Prophet, some said people
of Medina and over time lima is supported of people who are legal scholars belonging to
any generation.
Ijma has been used many times over the years by Muslims in different cases. One such case
is if the father dies before his son, when the son himself also dies, the grandfather of the
son along with other relatives has a share together the son's estate which was left by his
father. Ijma on this case was guided by the Quranic Instruction "It is prescribed, when death
approaches any of you, if he leaves any goods, that he should make a bequest to parents
and next of kin."approaches any of you, Another scenario where time has been used is in
the ruling of forbidding marriages between a man and any of his grand mothers or
granddaughters, based on the Quranic injunction "Prohibited to you are: your mothers,
daughters, sisters, father's sisters, mother's sisters. Brother's daughter, sister's daughter,
foster mothers, foster sisters; your wives mothers, your stepdaughters under your
guardianship, born of your wives. Ijma was also used at the times of the caliptis. For
example, when Hazrat Abu Bakr had to decide whether the Quran should be complied in a
book form or not as was not in that form during the lifetime of the Prophet but Hazrat Umar
saw the need of the time and suggested it. By ma of the companions, after the Battle of
Yamama the Holy Quran was compiled in a book form
hema of the companions was done on Tarawih prayers. Tarawih prayers were prayed only
three or four times in congrega tion during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad and during
the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar they were added after Isha prayers. Another case where lima
was used was when during the caliphate of Hazrat Usman, the Jumma Adhan could not be
heard due to all the market noise as Medina had expanded considerably so after the lima of
the companions it was decided a second call to prayer would be given although this did not
happen during the lifetime of the Prophet. We can also see examples where lima was also
practiced during the Prophet (PBUH)'s time. One incident is of Battle of Uhad where
Prophet (PBUH) decided that the battle of Uhad should be fought inside the city of Madina
while the companions view differed. They suggested it should be outside Madina. Later it
was agreed by all that battle would be fought outside Madina and lime was reached.
Another example from Prophet's life is of Battle of Trench. Hazrat Salman Farsi gave the
idea to dig up trenches deep enough that upon reaching the enemy would not be able to
cross it. Prophet (PBUH) agreed with all other companions so ljma took place.The second
form of lime requires consensus by a group of Muslims to solve legal matters, where the

58
solution cannot be found in either Quran or Sunnah. Experts have differing opinions on the
matter as to who should make the decision. Some people suggest that Prophet's companions
should be the one as they followed Prophet (PBUH) closely, some has the opinion that
people of Medina should be given the authority, some suggest only Rightly guided caliphs
should be allowed to make decisions, whilst yet another view is of the Shia Muslims that
descendants of Prophet (PBUH), who are Shia Imams should have the authority to call the
lima. Another view is that legai scholars of any generation can make the decision. Some
also argue that entire Ummah have the right of making lima, however it can't be done
considering the huge number of Muslim population that spreads across the globe.
Therefore, certain rules have been established as to who is eligible for making lima
decisions. Some of them are that the person should be practicing Muslim with thorough
knowledge and under standing of Quran and Sunnah. They must be pious, righteous and
have firm belief in Allah therefore they must have fear of Allah. There must be strong
evidence for the decision, and it must not be an issue already discussed in Quran or Sunnah.
lima decisions can be abrogated by an equal body.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING

Q. DEFINE QIYAS AND DISCUSS ITS AUTHORITY AS A SOURCE OF

ISLAMIC THINKING.

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Olyas is the fourth source of Islamic law.
2. It means deducing one thing by comparing it with something similar to it.

3. Quran supports the use of Olyas by saying, "Take warning then, O you with eyes (to
see)" and at another place, "There are signs in this for people who understand"
4. The use of Qiyas was supported by the following Hadith. When the Prophet (PBUH)
sent Mu'adh ion Jabal as judge to Yemen, he asked him, "How will you reach a judgement,
when a question arises?" Muadh replied, "according to the
Word of Allah."

5. Prophet asked again, "And if you find no solution in the word of Allah?" Then Muadh
replied, "Then according to the
Sunnah of the Messenger (PBUH) of Allah."

6. Prophet asked again, "And if you find no solution in the Sunnah of the Messenger
(PBUH) of Allah, nor in the Word?" Then Muadh replied, "Then I shall take a decision
according to my own opinion."

59
7. An event on the signing of Treaty of Hudaibiya also show the support of Olyas by the
Holy Prophet (PBUH), when he asked Hazrat Ali to change his name from Muhammad
(PBUH) the Prophet of Allah to Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (PBUH). But Hazrat Ali, did
not do so and Holy Prophet (PBUH) did not raised an objection on his opinion.
8. One verse in Quran also supported Qiyas as cited by Al-Shafi, "Turn then your face in
the direction of Holy Mosque; and wheresoever you are, turn your faces in that direction."
(Al-Baqarah 2:150)
9. Al-Shafi said, that when you see Kaaba, you should look at it, and when you do not see
it, again look at its direction, by deducing it from the position of sun and stars.
10. The use of Qiyas was supported in many other Quranic verses as well, as scholars also
witnessed it used in many inci dents such as decision to use sand for ablution in the absence
of water, as stated, "And [if] you find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand (or
earth), and with it rub your face and hands." (al-Nisa 4:43)
for yourselves clean sand (or earth), and with it rub face and hands." (al-Nisa 4:43)
11. The reason why sand can be used in absence of water is that it can remove any dirt or
pollution from face like water, so it can be used in replacement of water:
12. The method for Qiyas consist of four elements, including the basic instruction, known
as 'Ast, root from Quran and Hadith, the new area to decide, known as 'far, branch, the
connection between Asl and far, known as 'Illa", and then finally the new decision, known
as 'Hukm'.
13. One of the example is as follows. "As reported by Hazrat Alsha (R.A), if there is flour
on anyone's hand, and nails remained dry after ablution, then wudu is not complete. In
Qiyas, nail polish is compared with flour, and believed that it there is nail polish on any
woman hand, her wudu is not complete.
14. Another example is that in Quran any kind of deal is prohibited after the first Azan on
Friday, which is Asl. So, by com parison, any kind of deal, which is far in this situation, is
also prohibited, which is Hukm. The comparison between them is mat all kinds of deals
take attention of Muslims away from Friday prayers.

15. Another example is when Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab asked Hazrat Ali (RA) about the
punishment for a person drinking wine, he said, "We think that you flog him for it with
eighty lashes. Because when he drinks, he becomes intox icated, and when he becomes
intoxicated, he talks confusedly, and when he talks confusedly, he lies." This punish ment
of eighty lashes was taken from the punishment of slandering, as stated, "And those who
launch a charge against chaste woman and produce not four witnesses (to support their
allegation), flog them with eighty stripes."

60
16. In another example of Qiyas, Asl is when Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, "Every intoxicant
is Khamr, so every intoxicant is haram." (Sunnan Abu Daud). Far is whether other drugs
like oplum and cocaine is haram. The connection between them, which is Illa, both are So,
the decision was all of these drugs are haram, which is the Hukm in this example.
17. The Quran, Sunnah or ljma, must always be the source of Asl.

18. All these examples show why Qiyas is the fourth source of Islamic law.
19. It is only to be used when Quran, Sunnah or lima is silent about any issue.
20. Sunni Muslims accepted Qiyas, but Shi'i Muslims rejected it because of few reasons.
21. There are few reasons why Shi'i Muslims reject Qiyas, it causes distress to some people
as it is performed by human reasoning which is not perfect, it differs from one individual
to other, it is entirely dependent on other people to make com parison with other principles
and it does not have the support of community entirely as compared to Quran, Hadith and
ljma.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

ISLAMIC LEGAL THINKING

ANSWER:
Diyas is the fourth source of slams low the word Dives is derived over with any means
more by comparing with anemer mig that she legal method at caduting ane tandumenta
nefrom another through comparison of Quran subports the use of Olyas by saying "Take
waming then, O you with eyes to see" and at another place, "There are signs in this for
people who understand". In an incident reported Oyas of the time when the Holy Prophet
war sending Muash thn Jabat to Yemen as a judge all Multima affaire The Holy Prophet
kad m, "How will you reach a judgement when a question arises?" Muath replied.
"According to the word of Allah And If you find no solution in the word of Allah? Then
according to the Sunnah of the Messe ger of Allah" "And when you find ne solution in the
Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah nor in the word? "Then I shall take a decision according
to my own opinion." Then the Holy Prophet struck Mulch on the chest with his hand and
said,"Praise be to Allah who had led His Messenger to a solution that pleases him." During
the Treaty of Hudaibiya when at the insistence of the Makkans Messenger of Allan asked
Hazrat Al to change his name from (pbuh), The Prophet of Allan', to "Muhammad Ibn
Abdullah (PBUH) Hazrat N refuted to change the name out of respect of the Holy Prophet's
dignity: Prophet (pbuh) made no objection to the use of personal judgement shown by Hara.
All Quran also mentions the use of Olyas, Al-Shaft cited the following verse from the
divine text "Turn then your face in the direction of the Holy Mosque; and where so ever
you are, turn your faces in that direction." A-Shah says Muslims should face the Kaasan
when they do see and even when they don't see it, they should do so by judging the direction

61
of tan and start. Aether sue on which Ulyes has been used is when there is no water
avaliable for ablution; the use of sand for this purpose has been made permissible. "And if
you find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand for earth), and with it rub your face
and hands. Olyas was used comparing the property of water and clean sand as they ooth
rub off any dirt or pollution effectively hence in case of lack of water sand can be used as
a substitute.Keeping the above-mentioned example in mind, method used in Qiyas for
drawing comparison or analogies between two principles can be discussed. According to
the experts there are four key elements used for Qiyas; first is the usage of funda pental
leachings (Asl, root) from the Quran and Hadith on the matter, me matter (issue) in
questioning is known Able as (Far, branch and they are then liked together and the
connection between then is called a which means similarity of purpose. By evaluating the
link, it then becomes possible to arrive at a conclusion known as Hukm. The following
examples illustrate this method
1.Ast: The Holy Quran forbids any sales transaction after the call of Friday prayer has been
made, by analogy, any kind of transaction (Far, branch) is not permissible (Hukm). Illa in
this example is that every kind of transaction is forbidden A salt as they distract the
Muslims from the Friday prayer.

2. Ast: The fundamental teaching is described by the Prophet (pbuh) "Every intoxicant is
Khamr, so every intoxicant is haram." Far" in this example is LSD, cocaine, opium and all
the other drugs. lila', which connects the Hadith and these drugs is that these drugs are
intoxicants and any intoxicant is haram, hence no drug is permissible to be used which is
the Hukm 3. Ast: Wudu becomes invalid if the smallest part of the body which is supposed
to be wet due to wudu, remains dry. According to a tradition reported by Aisha (R.A) if the
flour is dried on the nails and the water has not reached any portion of any nail then Wudu
is riot considered to have been taken place. Far' in this example are the nails that have nail
polish on them. Hukm in this case is if you do wudu with nails that have nail polish on
them, then wudu is not acceptable as the nalis remain dry There is a difference on the
acceptance of the usage of Olyas among the two sects of Islam, the Sunni Muslims accept
the use of Olyas as the fourth source of law whereas Shia Muslims are against it as; Olyas
is dependent upon the intetiac ual ability of the legal experts to find a comparison between
two principles, as it is only accepted and practiced by few. It not widely accepted by the
majority of the Muslims, decisions could vary and moreover it does not have the same reval
t endorsement from revelations or though communal agreement as the other three sources
of law have.

62
HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLY QURAN
REFRENCES:
1. "O you who believe! Obey Allah and rtis Messenger, and do not turn away from him
when you hear." (al-Anta al 8.20)
2. "And We said: "Adam, dwell in the garden, you and your wife."

3. "Meses! Indeed, I am Allah, the Lord of the worlds." (Al-Oasas 28.30)

4. "We have not sent you except as a mercy for all creatures," (Al-Baqarah 2.35)(Al-
Anbiya' 21.107)

5. "Say. He is Allah, the One, Allah, the Eternal, Absolute: He does not beget, nor is He
begotten; and there is none like Him" (Al-Ikhlas 112)
6. "O you wrapped up! Arise and warn! And magnity Our Lord!"(Al-Mudathir 74,1-3)
7. "This is indeed a Quran most honorable, in a Book well-guarded, which none shall touch
but those who are clean: a reve lation from the Lord of the worlds. (Al-Waqia 56.77-80)
8. "But this is a glorious Qur'an, in a preserved tablet (Al-Buruj 85.21-22) 9. "It was We
who, revealed the Torah, in which was guidance and light."
10. "To you We sent the scripture in truth, confirming. the scripture that came before it and
guarding it in safety.

11. "Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, and that is the type which is
hardest on me. Then the angel departs from me and retain in memory from him what he
said. At times, the angel comes to me in the likeness of a man and speaks to me I retain in
memory what he says."(Al-Ahq'af 46,12)
12. "And before this was the book of Moses as a guide and a mercy: and this Book is
confirming in the Arabic tongue."
13. "It is no less than a message for all creatures." (Yusuf 12.104),
14 Marry women of your choice, two or three or four, but if you fear that you will not be
able to deal justly, then only one. (Al-Nisa' 4.3)
15. "Allah has promised to believers, men and women, gardens under which rivers flow,
to dwell these. (Al-Tauba 9.72)

16. "Worship none but Allah; treat with kindness your parents and relatives, and orphans
and those in need; and speak kindly to the people." (Al-Baqarah 2.83)
17. If the debtor is in difficulty, grant him time till it is easy for him to repay. But if you
remit it by way of charity, that isbest for you if you only knew: (Al-Baqarah: 2.280)

63
18. "You are the best community evolved for humankind; you enjoin, what is right and
forbid what is wrong, and you believe in Allah." (Ale-Imran 3.110)

19. "We have made you a community justly balanced, so that you may be witnesses over
the nations. (A1-Baqara 2.143)
20. "They ask you about the Hour when will be its appointed time? Say: "Knowledge of it
is with my Lord. None but He can reveal when it will occur." (Al-Ar af 7.187).
21. "Allah has sent down to you the Book and the wisdom and has taught you what you
did not know." (Al-Nisa 4.113)

22. The day that the sky will be like molten brass, and the mountains will be like wool,
and no friend will ask after a friend,though they will be put in sight of each other." (Al-
Ma'Arij 70.8 11)

23. Light upon light! Allah guides whom He wills to His light."(Part of Al-Nur 24.35)
24 To you have we granted Al-Kawthar. Therefore to your Lord turn in prayer and
sacrifice. For the one who hates you he will be cut off 108)

25. "By the Book that makes things clear-we sent it down during a blessed night, for we
wish to warn (Al-Dukhan 44.3)
26. "Ramadan is the month when the Quran was sent down, as a guide to humankind." (Al-
Baqarah 2.185)
27. "It is indeed a message of remembrance. Therefore let whoever wills keep it in
remembrance, in scrolls held in honor,
Exalted, purified, By scribes, pious and just." (Abasa 80. 11-16)
28. "Verily, in the alternation of the night and the day, and in all that Allah has created, in
the heavens and the earth, are signs for those who fear Him." (Yunus 10.6)
29. "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad (S.AW.W) is the Messenger of Allah,"
30. "You do We worship, to you we turn for help." (Al-Fatiha 1.5)

31. "And be steadfast in prayer, give the poor-due, and bow down your heads with those
who bow down. (At-Baqarah 2.43)
32. "So glory be to Allah when you reach evening and when you rise in the morning. 33.
"Yes, to Him be praise in the heavens and on earth; and in the late afternoon and when the
day begins to decline"(Al-Rum 30.17.-18)
34. "O you who believe! when you prepare for prayer, wash your faces and your hands to
the elbows; rub your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles." (Al-Maida 5.6)

64
35."Successful indeed are the believers. these who humble themselves in their prayers; who
avoid vain talk; who are active in giving the poor-due; who guard their modesty." (Al-
Mu'minun23.1 5)
36. "And among His signs is this, that heaven and earth stand by His command, then when
He call's you from the earth by a single call, indeed you, come forth?Al-Rum 20.35).

37. "O you who believe! Intoxicants and gambling., sacrificing to stones. and arrows are
an abomination of Satan's handi ork: shun them so that you may prosper."
HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLY QURAN

REFERENCE
38 "Do not eat anything over which Allah's name has not been pronounced that would be
implety:" (Al-Anam 6.121)

39. "Allah directs you concerning your children: to a male a portion equal to that of two
females if only daughter two or more their share is two third of the inheritance. If any one,
her share is a half. (At-Nisa 4.11).

40 "We have indeed revealed this (Message); in the night of Power." (Al-Qadr 97.1)
41. Indeed, he does not speak out of desire but verily it is a revelations sent down to him
(An-Najm 53.3-4)

42. "Verily, collecting the Quran and reciting it to you is Our responsibility, so if we read
it to you listen to it. Then, we will explain it." (Al-Qiyamah.75.19)

43. "Verily we have revealed the Reminder (Quran) to you (0 Muhammad) so that you may
explain to the people what has been revealed to them." (Al-Naml 16.44)
44. "And if they believe as you believe as you believe then they are rightly guided, but if
they turn away, then they are only in opposition," (Al-Baqarah 2.137)
45. O you who believe! When you deal with each other in transactions involving luture
obligations in a fixed period of time reduce them to writing." (Al-Baqarah 2.262)

46. And who believe in the revelation seni to you and sent before your time and in their
hearts have the assurance of theHereafter." (Al-Baqarah 2.282)
47. We have, without, doubt revealed the reminder and we will guard it (from
corruption)."(Al Hijr15.9), 48. "We have explained in this Quran for the benefit of
mankind." (Az Zumar 39.2)
49. "This day have perfected your religion for you, completed My favors upon you and
chosen for you Islam as your religion." (Al-Maidun 5.3)

65
50. "These are announcements of the unseen which we reveal to you: neither you nor your
people knew them." (11.49) .religion (Al Maidan 5.3)

51. Do they consider the Quran had a been from Other than God they would surely find
herein much discrepancy." (An-Nisa 4.82)
52. And He has set firm the mountains on the earth so that it would not shake with you."
(An-Nahal 16:15)
53."it is the Day men will be like scattered moths and the mountains will be like carded
wool." (Al-Qariah 101.4-5)

54. "When you recite the Quran, seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan," (An-Nahl
16,98)
55. "This is a glorious Ouran inscribed in a hidden Book none may touch it, except the
purified." (Al Waqiah 56:78-79)
56. "Here is a Book which we sent down into the full blessing, that they may meditate on
it and that men of understand ing may receive admonition." (Al-fath 38.29)

57. "We have revealed to you the Book in truth, so that you may judge between people by
what Allah has shown you. Se
be not a pleader for the dishonest. (4.105)

58. "Marry not women whom your fathers married, except what has already passed. Surely
this was an indecency and ahateful act and an evil way." (4.22)

59. "(As for) a thief, male or female, cut off their hands as a penalty for whatever they
have earned and an exemplary pun ishment from Allah. Allah is Mighty, Wise." (5:38)
50. This day all good things have been made lawful for you. Made lawful for you is the
food of the People of the Book Your food is (also) lawful for them." (5.5)
61. "And eat and drink unill the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread
of the dawn." (2:187)

62. 62. "O believers, fear Aliah and be with the truthful." (9:119)
63. "As for these similitudes we lite them for mankind but none will grasp their meaning
save the wise.' (29.43)

64. "Cooperate with one another in virtue and piety. But never cooperate in vice and
transgression. Fear Allah. Surely,Allah is severe in punishinent." (5:2)
65. "Surely the believers are brothers. So make peace between your brothers. Fear Allah
that you may receive mercy."(49:10)

66
66. "So as for the orphan, do not oppress (hing
67. Have you seen someone who rejects the Judgement? That is the person who pushes the
orphan aside and does not promote feeding the needy (107:1-3)
68. "Do not walk on the earth boastfully. Surely, you can never turnel through the earth,
pot reach the mountains in height." (17:37)

69. "Read, in the name of your Lord, who created. Created man, out of a clot of congealed,
blood, Proclaim! And your Lord is Most Bountiful, He who taught by the pen. Taught man
that which he knew no: (96:1-5)

70. Nothing have we omitted from the Book" (16.89)

LIFE OF PROPHET
LIFE IN MAKKAH

A. WRITE A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT ON THE CONDITIONS OF ARABIA AT

THE ADVENT ISLAM/DURING THE FIRST REVELATION. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:

1. Descendants of Hazrat Ismael

2 initially were followers of Deen-e-Ibrahim
3. Began to worship idols after Amr bin Luhayy (Leader of Khuza's tribe) brought the first
idol (Hubiul) into
4. By the time of Prophet (610AD) Kaaba had 360 idols inside.

5 Pilgrimage was still a ritual since the time of Hazrat Ibrahim.

6.By the time of the Prophet people could intercede on their behind the Kaaba and put
idols everywhere and offer sacrices to them, thinking that the idols intercede on their
behalf. 7. "We only serve them in order that they would intercede on our behall"(39:3)
8. Politics: Makkah was divided into tribes which were the main uniting force of people
9. They supported their tribe's decisions whether right or wrong

10. Leader of the tribe was the king: his order was final and obeyed religiously
11. Most famous tribe was Quraish which consisted of clans.
12. They were guardians of Kaaba

13. Romans rules Syria, Palestine to the northwest

14 Yemen bordered with Arabia to the south

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15. Arabia was isolated and was poor due to it being a desert.
16. 16. Romans and Persians weren't interested in acquiring it.

17. Ashraf, the nobles: enjoyed power and money. E.g. Abu Sufyan, Abu Jahl, Abu Talib
18. Al-Abeed; servants and slaves: poor and oppressed. E.g. Hazrat Bilal R.A
19. Allies; under protection of Nobles. E.g. Holy Prophet.

20. Makkah was the center as everyone respected its sanctity

21. Pilgrims paid respect to Kaaba and visited it often.
22. Safe trade routes to Yemen and Syria

23. Men were treated superior and women Interior.

24. Women were given no rights
25. They were traded like commodities.

26. Daughters if born in certain clans were buried alive.

27. No limit on number of wives
28. No share in inheritance given to women

29. Stepmothers could be made legal wives

30. Fighting was common on trivial issues
31 Drinking, gambling, adultery, fornication etc. were common.

32. They were class conscious people oppressing the poor and slaves .
33. They earned income and economy thrived on the money and gifts brought by pilgrims
and trade.
34. Many were shepherds and depended on cattle for survival.

ANSWER:
Before Islam, the conditions of Arabia were very different than present in terms of religion
as well as politically. The people in Arabia were the progeny of Hazrat Ismail, and they
were the followers of Hazrat Ibrahim's religion; Deen-e-Ibrahim who followed only one
God. However, after some time they moved away from the prayer to one God to
worshipping different idols which were created by them. The first idol was Hubul, which
was brought by the leader of Khuza tribe, Amr bin Luhayy. There were about 360 idols in
Arabia, at the time Holy Prophet started preaching islam in 610 AD. Moreover, the Kaaba
was built by Hazrat Ibrahim, where people paid their visit and prayed. They believed that

68
the God was of highest ranking, but also believed that the idols they pray to would intervene
and communicate to God from their side. Their belief is mentioned in the Quran in the
following words, "We only serve them in order that they would intercede on our behalf."
(Az-Zumar 39:3)
Furthermore, in terms of politics the city was divided among numerous tribes. The people
in a particular tribe were extremely loyal to their tribe and to their leader. The leader was
always considered as their king who needs to be followed, no matter whether his decision
was right or wrong. People follow the things by their tribe leader as an end decision and
did not modify it even if they believed it was wrong. One of the most famous tribe was of
Quraish of Mecca. The Quraish were the owners of the Kaaba, which is known Al-Haram,
which means the sacred house in Makkah. The Arabian border was with Yemen and the
regions Palestine and Syria was under the control of Romans. The financial position of
Arabia was extremely bad which made the Romans and other uninterested in Arabia, hence
Arabian people were enjoying the area to themselves.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

Moreover, in terms of society, a was comprised of three different groups. The groups
included the nich ones, who had the power of using all the power and money called The
Nobles (Ashraf), for instance Abu Jahl and Abu Sufyan, The second one of the needy and
tormented one, called The slaves (Al-Abeed), for instance Hazrat Bilal. The third group is
the ones who were under the guard of the Nobles, known as The allies, for instance Holy
Prophet Also, the treatment with the women was also of highlight in Arabia before the
introduction of Islam. Man was the definite leader in all the decisions. There were only few
women who had any right, which was very rare. The girls were buried alive as soon as they
were born in some families. They were treated as slaves and sold in trade. The men were
allowed to marry as many women as they went, and they also had the power to marry their
own stepmother. They were not entitled in part of their husband
property.Over and above that, there was extreme fighting among the tribes over various
issues. However, because of the respect of the Kasba, no one was allowed to fight in the
area close to the Al-Haram. Kaaba was visited by a lot of people for prayer. The people of
Arabia used to do business through the routes of Syria and Yemen. Many people used to
rely on the earning from their farming and cattle. The habit of drinking, gambling, adultery
was common in the region of Arabia. The economy used to grow because of the trade with
other areas.

A. LIFE OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD UP TILL THE FIRST REVELATION. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Birth 570 AD

69
2. Parents Abdullah and Amina
3. Names: Muhammad and Ahmed (named by mother)

4. Born in 1st year of Elephant

5. Custom & tradition of Arab to send infants for wet nursing away from cities
6. Upbringing of the Prophet was entrusted to Halima Saadia of Banu Sa'ad tribe of milk.

7. Her family got great blessings and good fortune due to Prophet's stay with them; never
short of food, flock yielded a lot of milk .
8. Prophet remained with them for 5 years

9. Learnt pure Arabic from there.

10. "Verily I am the most perfect Arab amongst you; my descent is from Quraish and my
tongue is the tongue of Banu Sa'ad.
11. After 2 years Frophet was brought back to Amina but due to epidemic in Makkah he
was taken back.
12. When about 5 years old first Shaq-e-Sadr (opening of the chest) happened. Hazrat
Jibreel came and opened Proph et's chest. clot of blood was taken out and heart washed
with Zam-Zam.
13. When 6 years old, returned to his mother.

14. She took him to Madina to visit father's grave. On the way back she fell ill and died at
Abwa, was buried there.

15. Umm Alman, the slave girl took Muhammad to his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.
16. Raised him with love & affection but when Prophet was 8 years old, he died at the age
of 82.

17. Before he died, he entrusted Prophet to the care of Abu Talib, Prophet's uncle.
18. He too loved prophet a lot, gave his bed to prophet to sleep on, would eat with him. 19.
"Did he not find you an orphan and give you shelter (and care)."

20. Prophet as a child looked after the flock of Abu Talib.

21. At age of 12 Prophet accompanied Abu Talib on a trade journey to Taif.
22. Met Bahira, a Christian monk. He invited them for food and asked Prophet questions
which proved all the signs of Prophethood. Told Abu Talib not to take the child to Syria as
the Jews will harm him if they see the signs of Prophethood in him. Also told him that he
is special and to take special care of him and protect him.

70
23. Since childhood Prophet was aware and pondered over the sufferings of the poor and
oppressed. 24. 580 to 590AD at fair of Ukaz in which all tribes of Arabia used to
participate, a war (Harb-ul-Fijr) broke out between
the Quraish and the Banu Kinanah on one side and the Qais 'Aylan on the other.
25. This war continued for number of years with a considerable loss of life.

26. Quraish were ultimately victorious, a league was formed, on the suggestion of Zubair,
an uncle of the Prophet, in the
house of Abdullah bin Jadan, to prevent disturbances of peace, to help victims of
oppression, and to protect travelers
27. Muhammad took a very active interest in the functioning of this League which came
into being as a result of a settlement known as Hilf-ul-Fudhul between Banu Hashim, Banu
Taym, Banu Asad, Banu Zuhrah and Banu Muttalib. TheLeague continued to function for
half a century following the inception of Islam. 28. " was present in the house of Abdullah
bin Jadan at so excellent a pact that I would not exchange my part in itfor a herd of red
camel; and if now in Islam, were summoned unto it, I would gladly respond."
29. Prophet Muhammad's youth was virtuous, kind, patient, man of principals, considerate
and forbearing.

30. Was honest and trustworthy and known as 'Sadiq' and 'Amin'.
31. During Hajj he would supply water to pilgrims.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

32. Fair and honest in dealings
33. His business partner, Saad said, "I was a partner of Muhammad in business. I always
hound him honest in dealings, he never picked quarrels, nor made any false statement".
34. Hardworking and full of integrity and honesty.
35 Due to his repute, Hazrat Khadija hired him as her agent to do trade on her behalf and
sent her slave Maisara with him.
36. Prophet earned high profits and Maisara also praised him due to his honest and fair
dealings him.

37. Khadija bint Khuwalid was very impressed and proposed marriage to the Prophet.
38. After consulting with his uncles, Abu Talib and Hamza, he accepted, and Abu Talib
and Hamza went to ask her hand for marriage with Muhammad from her father Khuwalid.

39. Prophet was 25 and Khadija 40 at the time of marriage.

71
40. They had 4daughters (Ruqayya, Zainab, Umm Kulthoom & Fatima) and 2 sons (who
died in infancy).

41. Mecca was flooded and Kaaba camaged. Quraish decided to repair it.
42. During the last stage of fixing of the black stone a dispute arose between the chiefs
regarding who would fix it in its place. Increased to the extent of civil war.

43. The eldest man in Mecra advised the chiefs that the first person to enter the mosque the
next day would decide the matter, all agreed.
44. Prophet was the first one to enter and accepted to arbitrate.

45. Placed the black stone on a sheet and asked all chiefs to lift it to a height and then
placed the black stone with hands in its place and no one disputed. With his wisdom and
diplomacy, managed to solve the crisis his

46. Nearing age of 40 the Prophet started retiring to Cave Hira for meditation and to ponder
over the conditions of Arabs. 47. In Ramadan of 610AD Hazrat Jibreel brought the first
revelation (first 5 verses of Surah Al-Alaq) to him and he was chosen as a messenger of
Allah.

ANSWER:
On Monday 12th Rabi-al-Awal 570 AD, in the year of the elephant, Prophet Muhammed
bud was born was same year during which Abraha tried to setze Kaabah. The Holy Prophet
was born to a couple named Abdullah and Jussia, unfortunately Abdullah passed away
before the Holy Prophet (pbuh) was born. His mother named hans Attied whe name
Muhammad was given to the Holy Prophet by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, who loved
him very much and to these names are also mentioned in the Quran At the time of the birth,
Abu Lahab's slave girl, Thaubiyah suckled the Holy Prophet but soon as per tradition in
Aria raise new-born by wet nurses away from the busy city, Prophet Muhammad was
entrusted in the care of Halima Sanda of Banu Sa'ad. Before the arrival of the new born
baby Muhammad, Hallma Saadia was very worried of how to take care of the baby with
limited resources as they were going through a tough time, there tock was not gring enough
milk and The trees did not bear fruit as much as they used too, however all that changed
with the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad in to their household. With him he brought good
fortune and blessings and soon Halima Saadia and her household were sur rounded by the
abundarice of food and milk. During the five years Prophet Muhammad stayed with Halima
Saadia and her household he learned pure Arabic dialect in which he took pride in and said,
"Verily I am the most perfect Arab amongst you, my descent is from Quraish and my
tongue is the tongue of the Banu Sa'ad." After the first 2 years the Holly Prophet was meant
to return to Makkah to his mother, Amina but due to an epidemic in Makkah tus stay with
Halima Saadia continued. In 575 AD, when the Holy Prophet was 5 years old, angel Jibreel

72
came to him, opened his chest, took out Prophet heart, from which the angel removed a
clot blood after which the heart was washed in Zam Zam water and placed back in the chest
of the Holy Prophet, this event is known the First Shaq-e-Sadr (opening of the chest)
In 576 AD, Prophet Muhammad was reunited with his mother and they took a trip to
Medina to visit Abdullah, Holy Proph et's father's grave. Sadly, upon the journey back to
Makkah, Aminah fell ill and passed at Abwa, she was buried there. The Holy Prophet
returned to Makkah under the care of the slave girl, Umm-e-Aiman, who brought him to
his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib. Abdul Muttalib took care of his grandson with love and
care until in 578 AD, when his grandfather Abdul Muttalib passed away when he was 8
years old and there after the Holy Prophet was placed under the care of his uncle Abu Talib.
Abu Talib loved Prophet Muhammad like his own son and would take him on trade
journeys with himself and entrusted his flocks in the care of the Holy Prophet. Allah says
regarding this in the Quran, "Did he not find you an orphan and give you shelter (and care)."
When Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) turned 12, Abu Talib took him on a trade journey to
Syria where they met a Christian monk Bahira. The monk told Abu Talib and the Holy
Prophet of the signs of the prophethood over food he had invited them to, and was honoured
to have met the Prophet during his lifetime, he also told them that a lot of people have been
eagerly waiting for the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Bahira departed with words
of love for Prophet Muhammad and told Abu Talib he should take special care and
protection of his nephew as the Jews will harm him if they find out about Prophet
Muhammad's Prophethood.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

A sacrilegious war broke out during the years 580 AD and 590 AD at a fair of Ukaz, in
which all tribes of Arabia took p in. This war, known as Harb-ul-Fijr broke out between
the Quraish together with Banu Kinanah against the Gas Alyan The Holy Prophet even in
his early years did not support war but however took an indirect part by helping in
collecting stray arrows thrown by the enemy and giving them to his uncle during this war.
Harb-ul-Fijr continued for years with both sides losing many people, ending when Quraish
were finally victorious. However, seeing the injustices and ravages of wat Zubayr one of
the prophet's uncle suggested forming a league to prevent disturbances of peace, to help
victims of spitres sion, and to protect travellers in the house of Abdullah bin Jadan. The
alliance of the tribes came to be known as Hill-ul-Fudhul which was between Banu
Hashim, Banu Taym, Banu Asad, Banu Zuhrah and Banu Muttalib, this league worked for
half a century. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who was 15 at the time of this event took an
active part in the league and later on said "I was present in the house of Abdullah bin Jadan
at so excellent a pact that I would not exchange my part in it for a heard of red camel; and
if now in Islam, were summoned into it, I would gladly respond."

73
During his late adolescence and early adulthood Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was known
for truthfulness and honesty that people of Makkah began to refer to him Sadiq and Ameen.
The Makkans put their complete trust in him and always turned to him as an impartial judge
in their frequent disputes. From the beginning the Holy Prophet was never tempted nor
involved in any of the usual Makkan ways of adultery and gambling etc. This contributed
to Holy Prophet's noble character of being kind, patient, forbearing, considerate, and a man
of principles. During the annual pilgrimage. Muhammad (pbuh) would supply water and
look after the needs of the pilgrims. He was known to be fair and honest in his day to day
and business dealings. As told by Holy Prophet's business partner Hazrat Saad, "I was a
partner to Muhammad (pbuh) in business. I always found him to very honest in his
dealings; he never picked quarrels, nor made any false state ments." Due to Prophet
Muhammad's repute and high praise amongst the people of Makkah Hazrat Khadija hired
him for being her agent and go on trading journey accompanied by her slave Maisara.
The Holy Prophet earned Hazrat Khadija a lot of profit while working hard with Integrity.
Upon his return, Khadija proposed marriage to Muhammad (pbuh) as she was impressed
by the man he was. The Holy Prophet consulted his uncles, Abu Talib and Hamza and went
to ask for Hazrat Khadija's hand in marriage from her father, Khuwalid. At the time of the
marriage Prophet Muhammad was 24 and Hazarat Khadija was 40 and a widow. They had
two sons, both died in infancy, but they were blessed with four daughters: Ruqayya,
Zaynab, Umm Kulthoom and Fatimah.
in 605 A.D., when the Holy was 35 years old, a flood swept Mecca and the building of the
Kaabah was damaged. The Quraish decided to rebuild the Kaabah, however, a dispute
arose between various clans as to whom should the honour of placing the Black Stone
(Hajar Aswad) in its place go, when the walls reached a certain height. To resolve the
dispute the eldest man in Makkah advised the chiefs of the tribes that the first person to
enter the mosque the next day would decide the matter, all the tribal chiefs agreed. It so
happened, that the first person was none other than Muhammad (pbuh). The Quraish were
pleased with the turn of the events because Muhammad was well recognized as the Truthful
and Trust-worthy personality. The Holy Prophet with impeccable wisdom and diplomacy
averted a crisis by placing the black stone on a sheet of cloth and asked all the tribal chiefs
to lift the cloth to the level where the stone was to be placed and then he himself placed the
black stone in its intended place.
The conditions of Makkah were bleak and the Holy Prophet who was nearing the age of 40
would often retire to a nearby cave called Hira for some solitude to ponder over the
conditions of the people of Makkah. In 610 AD, in Ramadan, in this very cave the first
revelation, which are the first 5 ayahs of Surah Alaq, were revealed the Holy Prophet after
he turned 40 marking the beginning of Prophethood.

74
A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF PROPHET'S FIRST EXPERIENCE OF RECEIVING
REVELATION. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. In 510AD at the age of 40, Mohammad PBUH was meditating in the cave of Hira.
2. Hazrat Jibreel AS appeared and came close to him in midair, this being was unknown to
him. 3. This being hugged him so tightly that he could barely breath and gave him the order
to recite (lora).
4. The Prophet could not read so Jibreel hugged him again with a lot of pressure and again
ordered him to recite. This happened three times in total.
5. Then Hazrat Jibreel AS himself recited, "Read in the name of thy Lord, who created,
created man from a clot of con gealed blood. Read and your Lord id the most generous.
Who taught by the pen. Taught man that which he knew not." 6. After the third time the
Prophet PBUH was able to recite the verses which put him into a great shock as he could
not read and write but now after this unpredictable and unusual incident he could
7. Mohammad PBUH left the cave and hurried towards his home but wherever he would
see, he'd see Hazrat Jibreel AS.
8. "O Muhammad, you are the messenger of Allah and I am Jibreel". Prophet PBUH
reached home and described the whole incident to Hazrat Khadija R.A and asked her to
cover him. LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

9 Hazrat Khadija consoled and comforted nim saying, "There is no reason for you to feel
any tear or worry' do not feel sad God will not embarrass a servant like you, you always
speak the truth, performed duties that have been given to you and safeguard that has been
entrusted to you. You interact closely with your relatives, you help the poor, you open your
doors to strangers and entertain them as guests, you help the community during disasters
and tribulations By God I hope that you are this communities Prophet".
10. She took the Prophet PBUH to his cousin Waraga Bin Nawfal who was a Cristian and
had knowledge about Gospel After listening to the story, he remarked, "This is the same
one who keeps the secrets (Angel Jibreel) whom Allah has sent to Moses. I wish I was
young and could live up to the time when your people would draw you out" Prophet SAW
said, "Will they drive me out?". Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, "Anyone (any
man) who came with some thing similar to what you have brought was treated with
hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would
support you strongly". But after a few days Waraqa bin Nawfal died.

ANSWER:

75
A. Prophet Muhammad born and raised in Makkah would retire to a nearby cave called
cave of Hira around the age of 40 to contemplate on the moral, social and political
regression of his fellow people. He would retire in that cave for days and meditate and
bring provisions such as dates with him.
One day in 610 AD in the month of Ramadan while Muhammad (pbuh) was in the cave of
Hira, when suddenly unknown to the messenger of Allah, Angel Jibreel appeared in mid-
air and came close to the prophet. The angel hugged Prophet Muhammad and said "Read",
upon which the prophet replied, "I cannot read". The angel squeezed him harder and asked
the same again and then a third time, following which angel Jibreel commanded Prophet
Muhammad to recite the follow ing verses: "Read! in the name of your Lord who created
Man from a clinging substance. Read: Your Lord is most Generous, - He who taught by
the pen- Taught man that which he knew no." These verses are now known as the five
verses of surah Alaq and the first revelation to Prophet Muhammad. After Prophet
Muhammad recited these verses he was in a confused and shocked state of mind as before
he could not read or write but now, he could.
In the cave Muhammad (pbuh) did not know who the angel was but when the prophet was
hurrying back after the first reve lation shaking all over, the angel appeared and wherever
Prophet Muhammad would turn he would see Hazrat Jibreel AS and then the angel said,
"O Muhammad, you are the messenger of Allah and am Jibreel". Then the Messenger of
Allah went back home with his heart beating wildly, until he came to Khadija and said,
"Cover mel Cover me!' Then he said to Khadija, "O Khadijah, I fear for myself,' and he
told her what had happened. Khadijah said, "There is no reason for you to feel any fear or
worry' do not feel sad God will not embarrass a servant like you, you always speak the
truth, per formed duties that have been given to you and safeguard that has been entrusted
to you'. You interact closely with your relatives, you help the poor, you open your doors to
strangers and entertain them as guests, you help the commu nity during disasters and
tribulations. By God hope that you are this communities Prophet".
She took the Prophet PBL to his cousin Waraqa Bin Nawfal who was a Cristian and had
knowledge about Gospel. After lis tening to the story, he remarked, "This is the same one
who keeps the secrets (Angel Jibreel) whom Allah has sent to Moses. I wish I was young
and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out". Prophet SAW said,
"Will they drive me out?". Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, "Anyone (any man)
who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and
if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you
strongly". Unfortunately, after a few day later Waraqa bin Nawfal died.

B. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANGEL JIBREEL AND WARAQA BIN

NAUFIL IN THIS EVENT?
HIGHLIGHTS:

76
1. Hazrat Jibreel revealed the verses to Holy Prophet
2. Hazrat Jibreel introduced Holy Prophet of his task as last messenger.

3. Hazrat Jibreel did same for other messengers.

4. The verses were authentic and directly coming from God.
5. Waraqa bin Nautil was Hazrat Khadija R.A cousin and he interpreted this event for Holy
Prophet
6. Waraga bin Naufil told Holy Prophet that he is the special and chosen one.
7. He told him about the duty entrusted by Allah upon him.

ANSWER:
Angel Jibreel and Waraga bin Naufil played a very important role in the receiving and
interpretation of the first revelation to the Holy Prophet. Angel Jibreel was the one who
revealed the message of Allah verse by verse to Holy Prophet and intro duced him to his
job of Allah's messenger. He was performing the same task, as he had done for other
messengers. The fact that the Quran was revealed by Jibreel, made it clear that the verses
were coming directly from God and are authentic. Moreover, Waraqa Bin Naufil was the
cousin of Hazrat Khadija R.A Hazrat Khadija was the one who took Holy Prophet to her
cousin, and he declared and eased him that he is the chosen one. He explained the
importance of the event and told him about how Angel Jibreel appeared to other
messengers as well. He made him realize the duty for which Allah has trusted him.

A. DESCRIBE THE MAIN STAGES OF THE PREACHING OF ISLAM IN

MAKKAH DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF PROPHETHOOD. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. After the first revelation Hazrat Khadija took the Prophet to her cousin, Waraga bin
Nautil, who confined is
2. For some time, no revelations were coming upon Holy Prophets

3. The messenger was anxious and uneasy during the time of ne reveration
4. One day, he saw Hazrat Jibreel sting on a chair in the sky
5. He was terrified and went back home to Hazrat Khadija and asked her to cover him,

6. At that time, another revelation was sent upon him

The revelation was. "O you wrapped up (in a mantle)! Arise and warn! Glorify your Lord!"
(74:1-3)

77
8. Ahar the reveal of verses from Surah Al-Mudathir, the verses were frequent
9. After this, he gave the message of Allah to his close friends and family discreetly, who
he believed would responding a positive manner.
10. He wamed them about the results for following the wrong path and told them about the
unity of Allah.

11. Hazrat Khadija, his wife was the first one to accept islam.
12. After her, ten years old, son of Abu Talib, Hazrat Ali accepted stam
13. Among his closest friends, Hazrat Abu Bakr was the first one to accept his message.

14. Zaid Bin Harris, the freed slave also accepted istem.
15. He conveyed me message for three years, and about forty people converted to Islam,
which spher include, Abdur Rehan Bin Auf, Zubair, Talha, Saad Bin Abi Waqas, Lisman
as well as Abdullah bin Masud.
16. All of them belleved the Holy Prophet and trusted that he would never lead them
towards a dishonest path.

17. "And warn your relatives." (26:214). This was another revelation he received.
18. Then he called his relatives to his house and said, "Allah ordered me to call you to Him,
so who amongst you will help me in this affair and be my friend, my adviser, and my
deputy?"
19. Hazrat Ali was the only one who accepted his message and said, "O Prophet of Allah!
shall be your helper. I will fight him who fights you."
20. Everyone went away joking about Holy Prophet
21. Then he received another revelation, which said, "Expound openly what you are
commanded, and turn away from those who join false gods with Allah."
22. The messenger called everyone in Makkah at the hill of Safa
23. He said, "O Quraish, If were to tell you that a large army has collected on the other side
of this mountain and is ready to attack you, would you believe me?"
24. They replied that they would believe him, since he never miste them.
25. But then, he asked them to embrace Islam, and told them about the oneness of Allah,
they all got furious and said"You have gone mad."
26. His uncle Abu Lahab said, "May Allah destroy you. Did you assemble us for this?" and
they all went away.

78
. 27 He continued spreading the message of Allah ouring public and private conversations,
and to the pilgrims who were coming to Makkah

28. Many people started to believe in his message in the oneness of Allah and accepted
islam.

ANSWER:
After receiving the first revelation Hazrat Khadija R.A comforted him and took him to her
cousin Waraqa bin Naufil who confirmed his prophethood. For some time, there came a
period, when no revelations were sent upon Holy Prophet. which made him nervous and
worried. But one day, he saw Hazrat Jibreel sitting on a chair, in the sky. He was scared
and terrified, and he hurried back to his home. He asked Hazrat Khadija to cover him up,
since he was shivering and at that moment, he received the revelation, "O you wrapped up
(in a mantle)! Arise and warn! Glorify your Lord!" (74:1-3) After the verses from Surah
Mudathir were sent upon, the revelations were quite frequently.
After this revelation, he gathered all his close family members and friends and told them
about the message of Allah and the Prophet hood. Among all of them, Hazrat Khadija, his
wife was the first one to accept Allah's message and embraced Islam. After her, Abu Talib's
son, Hazrat Ali, accepted islam. Among his close friends, Hazrat Abu Bakr was the first
one to accept Islam. Zaid Bin Harris, the freed slave, was also one of the initial people to
believe on Holy Prophet and accepted islam.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

For about three years, the Messenger of Allah continued preaching discreetly to the people
around him about the oneness Ah and that there is no God but Allah, and this resulted in
forty people accepting the message of Allah, which included Parat Zubair Talha, Sasd Bin
Abi Waqas, Usman Abdur Rehman Bin Auf, Abdullah Bin Masood. All of these people
were devoled, and they believed on the Holy Prophet honesty and are aware that he will
never lie.
While he was preaching in close circle, he again received another revelation, "And
admonish thy nearest kinsmen (26214) After this revelation came upon him, he called upon
all his relatives and asked them, "Allah ordered me to call you to him, so who amongst you
will help me in this affair and be my friend, my adviser, and my deputy?" On listening to
this, everyone started walking away, laughing on Holy Prophet except Hazrat Alt, who had
embraced islam, and said, "O Prophet of Allah! I shall be your helper. I will fight him who
fight you."
Immediately after this, he received another revelation, after which he invited all the people
of Makkah, on the mount of Sata. The revelation was, "Expound openly what you are
commanded, and turn away from those who join false gods with Allah." On this people

79
again started mocking him, and shouted, that, "You have gone mad. Also, Abu Lahab, the
messenger's uncle shouted that, "May Allah destroy you. Did you assemble us for this?"
And they all walked away, some aughing, and some were furious,
Eventually, Hazrat Muhammad (SA) did not stop his efforts and continued to preach the
Muslims, in public as well as in private conversations.

A. WRITE A DETAILED NOTE ON THE PERSECUTION OF THE PROPHET

DURING TIME IN MAKKAH AFTER CALL TO PROPHETHOOD. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1.In 613 AD the messenger of Allah received the commandment, "Expound openly what
you are commanded and turn away those who join false gods with Allah." And at mount
of Safa the Holy Prophet preached publicly where he was rejected, mocked and cursed Abu
Lahab cursed the messenger of Allah
2. Prophet Muhammad faced intense physical and mental persecution, his companions
were not spared either, influential people of Makkah such as Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu
Sufyan etc. actively participated in the acts of persecution and encouraged others.
3. In the beginning the oppression was only verbal; he was mocked, rejected and ridiculed
but soon the persecution encouraged others became physical when rubbish and thorny
bushes were thrown at the Prophet Muhammad.
4. Uqba bin Muayt placed camel filth (Intestines) on the Holy Prophet's back as he was
prostrating 5. Ugba also attempted to strangle Muhammad (pbuh) while he was praying in
the Kaaba. A 6. Abu Lahab's wife Umm-e-Jamil would lay thorny bushes in Prophet's path.
7. An old women would throw rubbish on the Holy Prophet every day.
8. Abu Lahab also forced both his sons Utba and Utaiba to divorce Ruqqaya and Umm-e-
Kalsoom, daughters of Prophet Muhammad.
9. It was common to verbally abuse the Prophet by calling him a mad man, magician, a
poet.
10. Magicians tried to do magic against him
11. Poets wrote awful poems about him.

12 He was called Abtar at the death of his second on this specific occasion Allah revealed
Surah Kauthar to comfort Muhammad (pbuh) and declared enemies of Prophet Muhammad
'Abtar' and said, "For he who hates you, he will be cut off."

13. Pagans tried to bribe the Holy Prophet by offering him wealth, leadership, promises of
marriages to fairest girls only If he abandoned mission to preach islam.

80
14. Abu Talib was forced to threaten his nephew but Muhammad (pbuh) said "By God! If
they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left hand and asked me to stop
the word of God to the people, I will never accept what they say..."
15. People of Makkah tried to compromise with the messenger of Allah by proposing the
he should worship their Gods and they would worship his God to which Allah revealed,
"You have your religion and I have my religion."
16. Prophet Muhammad and his family were boycotted to a narrow valley outside Makkah
which is also called Shib-e-Abi-Talib for 3 years during the 7th and 10th year of
prophethood.
17. The clan of Banu Hashim protected them but after the death of Abu Talib, Abu Lahab
became the chief of the clan and increased the persecution against the Prophet and his
family.
18. To find protection and a place to preach Islam the messenger of Allah went to Taif, to
Banu Saqeef but there he was driven away by stones being thrown at him.
19. After which the Makkans tried to assassinate the Holy Prophet when Muslims were
migrating to Madina.
LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

The prophethood began in 610 AD but it was not until 613 AD the messenger of Alah
received the commend to preach the message of Allah to the public. With the following
revelation the Prophet of Allah stood on the mount of Sata and invited the people of
Makkah to Islam, "Expound openly what you are commanded and turn away those who
join talse gode with Allah." At the gathering on mount Safa everyone laughed and raged at
the Holy Prophet. Abu Lahab cursed the mes senger of Allah and left, following which
others left as well From that day forward Prophet Muhammad faced tense physical and
mental persecution, his companions were not spared either.
As the influential people of Makkah such as Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu Sufyan ete
increased their mistreatment towards the Prophet the general persecution also increased. In
the beginning the oppression was only verbal; he was mocked, rejected and ridiculed but
soon the persecution became physical. One-time Ugba bin Muayt placed fith on the Holy
Proph et's back as he was prostrating, and once Ugba again attempted to strangle
Muhammad (pbuh) while he was praying in the Kaaba. Abu Lahab's wife Umm-e-Jamil
would lay thomy buthes on the path where Prophet usually had to walk An old woman used
to throw rubbish on the Holy Prophet every day. Abu Lahab also forced his sons Utba and
Utaiba to divorce Ruggaya and Umm-e-Kalsoom, daughters of Prophet Muhammad.

The commoners of Makkah made fun of Prophet and called him names. Some said he was
a magician who separated the families and changed their faith, while others called him a

81
poet and a madman for the revelations he used to receive Moreover, the local magicians
and poets did their own magic and wrote poems about him to mock him. Most people of
Makkah were not taking the message of Allah seriously. At the death of Prophet
Muhammad's second son, the Quraish and most specifically his uncle Abu Lahab verbally
bashed him by labelling and calling him "Abtar (the one who is cut-off).on this specific
occasion Allah revealed Surah Kauthar to comfort Muhammad (pbuh) and declared
enemies of Prophet Muhammad 'Abtar' and said "For he who hates you, he will be cut off."
Seeing the Prophet steadfast and determined in his mission of preaching, Pagans tried to
bribe the Holy Prophet by offering him luxuries, wealth & leadership and promises of
marriages to fairest girls only if he gave up his mission to call the people to Islam. When
Prophet Muhammad rejected all these offers the pagans began persecutions with double
the zest so much so that Abu Talib was forced to threaten his nephew. Upon which
Muhammad (pbuh) said "By God! If they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on
my left hand and asked me to stop the word of God to the people, I will never accept what
they say..."
When none of this worked, people of Makkah tearing that their customs will be wiped off
once Islam spreads they tried to compromise with the messenger of Allah by proposing
that he should worship their Gods and they would worship his God to which Allah revealed
"You have your religion and I have my religion."

During this time, the Holy Prophet stood strong and when all attempts failed the pagans
boycotted Prophet Muhammad and his family went to a narrow valley called Shib-e-Abu-
Talib which was outside Makkah for three years during the 7th and 10th year of
prophethood. The clan of Banu Hashim protected them but after Prophet's uncle Abu
Talib's death, Abu Lahab became the chief of the clan and increased the persecution against
the Prophet and his family. To find refuge and a place to preach Islam the messenger of
Allah went to Talf, where there were most people of the second largest tribe Banu Saqeef.
However, he was rejected by chiefs and was driven away by stones being thrown at him.
The wounds were so much that his shoes were filled with blood. After which the Makkans
tried to assassinate the Holy Prophet when he was migrating to Medina.

A. WRITE ABOUT THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD'S INTERACTION WITH THE

QURAISH WHILE HE LIVED IN MAKKAH, [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Holy Prophet was known as Sadiq and Ameen before the prophethood.
2. The Makkans would praise his excellent character and give examples of him to other
people.

82
3. The Makkans would ask him to keep their belongings and this continued even after the
Holy Prophet began preaching letam as everyone knew he is a man that can be always
trusted.
4. During the Annual Pilgrimage the messenger of Allah would give water to the pilgrims
and lock after their every need.

5. During the sacrilegious war, Harb-ul-Fijr, the Holy Prophet only gathered the arrows of
the enemy and gave it to his uncle, never actively taking part in the war but later took an
active part in the League of Virtuous known as Hilf-ul-Fudhul.

6. According to the Prophet Muhammad's business partner, "I was partner of Muhammad
(pbuh) in business. I always found him very honest in his dealings; he never picked
quarrels, nor made any false statements."
7. Hazrat Khadija hired him and sent him with her slave Maisara. The Prophet earned a
huge amount of prefits and en return Maisara praised him on his honesty and integrity in
front of Hazrat Khadija.
8. This made such an impression on her that she proposed marriage to hazrat Muhammad.
LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH
9. Due to flooding when Kaaba was destroyed, it was repaired by the Quraish, a dispute
rose amongst the Makkahs of who would place the Blackstone back in its place.
10. An elderly man suggested that whoever on the following morning was the first to enter
the mosque would arbitrate the matter; it so happened that the first person to enter the
mosque was the Holy Prophet.
11. With wisdom and strategy Prophet Muhammad place the stone on a sheet, asked the
leaders of different tribes to lift the sheet to the place and the Holy Prophet himself took
the stone from the sheet and place it in its place.
12. After Prophet Muhammad started to preach openly, he faced intense physical and
mental persecution, his companions were not spared either
13. Influential people of Makkah such as Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu Sufyan etc., actively
participated in the acts of persecution and encouraged others.

14. In the beginning the oppression was only verbal; he was mocked, rejected and ridiculed
but soon the persecution became physical when rubbish and thorny bushes were thrown at
the Prophet Muhammad, one time Uqba bin Muayt placed filth on the Holy Prophet's back
as he was prostrating, and once Ugba attempted to strangle Muhammad (pbuh) while he
was praying in the Kaaba.

83
15. Abu Lahab's wife Umm-e-Jamil would lay down thorns on the Prophet's path. 16. An
old would woman throw rubbish on the Holy Prophet every day.

17. Abu Lahab also forced his sons Utba and Utaiba to divorce Ruqqaya and Umm-e-
Kalsoom, daughters of Prophet Muhammad.
18. It was common to verbally abuse the Prophet by calling him a mad man, magician, a
poet Magicians tried to do magic against him, poets wrote awful poems about him, and
majority of Makkah did not take the message of Allah seriously.
19. He was called Abtar at the death his second on this specific occasion Allah revealed
Surah Kauthar to comfort Muhammad (pbuh) and declared enemies of Prophet Muhammad
'Abtar' and said, "For he who hates you, he will be cutoff."
20. Pagans tried to bribe the Holy Prophet by offering him wealth, leadership, promises of
marriages to fairest girls only if he abandoned his mission to preach Islam.
21. Abu Talib was forced to threaten his nephew but Muhammad (pbuh) said "By God! If
they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left hand and asked me to stop
the word of God to the people, I will never accept what they say..."
22. People of Makkah tried to compromise with the messenger of Allah by proposing the
he should worship their Gods and they would worship his God to which Allah revealed
"You have your religion and have my religion."
23. Prophet Muhammad and his family were boycotted to a narrow valley outside Makkah
which is also called Shib-e-Abu-Talib for three years during the 7th and 10th year of
prophethood. The clan of Banu Hashim protected them. but after the death of Abu Talib,
Abu Lahab became the chief of the clan and increased the persecution against the Prophet
and his family.
24. To find refuge and a place to preach Islam the messenger of Allah went to Taif, to Banu
Thaqeef but there he was driven away by stones being thrown at him.
25. After which the Makkans tried to assassinate the Holy Prophet when he was migrating
to Medina.

ANSWER:
Before the prophethood began the Holy Prophet was known as Sadiq and Ameen, and he
was known to have kind, forbear ing, patient and a noble heart. The Makkans would praise
his excellent character and give examples of him to other people. The Makkans would ask
him to keep their belongings and this continued even after the Holy Prophet began
preaching Islam as everyone knew he is a man that can be always trusted. During the
Annual Pilgrimage the messenger of Allah would give water to the pilgrims and look after
their every need. During the sacrilegious war, Harb-Ul-Fijr, the Holy Prophet only gathered

84
the arrows of the enemy and gave it to his uncle, never actively taking part in the war but
later took an active part in the League of Virtuous known as Hilf-ul-Fudhul.

He was a distinguished businessman as he would never cheat and would always be fair in
his dealings. According to the Prophet Muhammad's business partner, "I was partner of
Muhammad (pbuh) in business. I always found him very honest in his dealings; he never
picked quarrels, nor made any false statements." Impressed by Prophet Muhammad's
dealings in business of Hazrat Khadija hired him and sent him with her slave Maisara. The
Prophet earned a huge amount of profits and on return Maisara praised him on his honesty
and integrity in front of Hazrat Khadija, this made such an impression on her that she
proposed marriage to Hazrat Muhammad. At the time of marriage Prophet Muhammad was
25 and Hazrat Khadija bin Khuwalid was 40 years old and they were blessed with four
daughters; Umm-e-Kalsoom, Zainab, Ruqqaya and Fatima, they had two sons, but they
died in infancy.
Due to flooding when Kaaba was destroyed, it was repaired by the Quraish, a dispute rose
amongst the Makkans of who would place the Blackstone back in its place. An elderly man
suggested that whoever on the following morning was the first to enter the mosque would
arbitrate the matter; it so happened that the first person to enter the mosque was the Holy
Prophet. With wisdom and strategy Prophet Muhammad place the stone on a sheet, asked
the leaders of different tribes to lift the sheet to the place and the Holy Prophet himself took
the stone from the sheet and place it in its place. LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH
in 613 AD when the Holy Prophet openly preached to the Makkans on Mount Safe after
the revelation. "Expound openly what you are commanded and turn away from those who
join false gods with Allah", attitudes of the Makkans and the situation in Makkah changed
very quickly. The pagans not only rejected islam but persecuted the Holy Prophet and his
fol lowers verbally, physically, emotionally, and mentally. One-time Ugba bin Muayt
placed fith on the Holy Prophet's back as he was prostrating, and once Ugba again
attempted to strangle Muhammad (pbuh) while he was praying in the Kaaba Abu Lahab's
wite Umm-e-Jamil would lay thorny bushes on the path where Prophet usually had to walk
An old woman used to throw rubbish on the Holy Prophet every day and he would have to
wash and change his clothes each time. Abu Lahab also forced his sons Utba and Utaiba to
divorce Ruggaya and Umm-e-Kalsoom, daughters of Prophet Muhammad.

It was common to verbally abuse the Prophet by calling him a mad man, magician, a poet.
Magicians tried to do magic against him, poets wrote awful poems about him, and majority
of Makkah did not take the message of Allah seriously. At the death of Prophet
Muhammad's second son, the Quraish and most specifically his uncle verbally bashed him
by labelling and calling him 'Abtar', on this specific occasion Allah revealed Surah Kauthar
to comfort Muhammad (pbuh) and declared enemies of Prophet Muhammad 'Abtar and
said "For he who hates you, he will be cut off." During all this time the Holy Prophet stood

85
strong. When all attempts failed, the pagans boycotted Prophet Muhammad and his family
to a narrow valley outside Makkah which is also called Shib-e-Abu-Talib for three years
during the 7th and 10th year of propheth ood. The clan of Banu Hashim protected them but
after the death of Abu Talib, Abu Lahab became the chief of the clas and increased the
persecution against the Proptie and his family. To find refuge and a place to preach istam
the messenger of Allah went to Taif, to Banu Saqeef but there he was driven away by stones
being thrown at him. Later nagan's hatred reached the limit where they tried to assassinate
the Holy Prophet when they came to know of Muslims migrating to Madina.

A. DESCRIBE THE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY THE FOLLOWERS OF

PROPHET WHEN THEY LIVED IN MAKKAH [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. in 613 AD the messenger of Allah received the commandment, "Expound openly what
you are commanded and turnaway those who join false pods with Allah". was rejected,
mocked and cursed.
2. Holy Prophet preached publicly where he
3. Persecution against his followers began.
4. Mostly the weak and poor were targeted.

5. Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu Sufyan etc, took an active part in oppressing the followers
of Islam.

6. Hazrat Sumayya along with her husband Yasir and son Ammar converted to Islam Soon
after they faced intense abuse by Abu Jahl.
7. Sumayya RA was tied with two camels that were made to run in opposite directions and
while her body was fully stretched Abu Jah: struck her with a spear and her body split into
two.
8. Due to their persecution by abu jahl they became the first martyrs of islam.

9 Umayya bin Khalaf owned an Abyssinian slave, Hazrat Bilal bin Rabbah who converted
to Islam.
10. He persecuted him mercilessly by making him lie on the hot sand in the scorching heat
of the sun and placing heavy by Abu Jahl they became the first martyrs of Islam stones on
his chest
11. Hazrat Sifat would always chant -Allah! The One, Allah! The One."

12. A Roman slave girl, Zinra would be beaten marcilessly and was blinded by her

86
13: Khabab bin Arat was a blacksmith, his own tools were used to brand him and then he
was thrown on burning coal.

14. The rich and influential companions of the Prophet were also persecuted all in the
attempt to revert them back to idol worshipping
15.Bakr was once pulled by his beard and dragged on the streets of Makkah as he was
protecting the messenger
16. Abu Bakr and Talha were tied with ropes by Nawfil Ibn Khuwalld and laid to the
ground where no one came to help them

17. Hazrat Usman, the first of the Umayyad to accept Islam was tied with roces and beaten
with sticks by his uncle.
18. Harith bin Abi Hala was killed protecting the Holy Prophet.

19. Once Suhaib Rumi was beaten so viciously that he became insane and unconscious.
20. Hazrat Abu Fukaiha was the slave of Safwan bin Umayya. He accepted Islam at the
same time as Bital and he too was dragged by his master on hot sand with a rope tied to his
feet. 21. Hazrat Lubna was a fernale slave of Mumil bin Habib and was continuously
tortured till the persecutor became tiredand then torture would start again but she would
not bulge away from her faith.

22. Hazrat Nadiya and Umm-e-Unays were two other tema's slaves who became Muslims.
Their masters tortured them for accepting Islam.

23. In 615 AD some followers of Islam migrated to Abyssinia, the Quraish still did not
leave them alone and demanded the King Negus to hand them back. LIFE OF PROPHET
LIFE IN MAKKAH
24 Prophet Muhammad and his family and followers were boycotted to a narrow valley
outside Makkah which is also called Shib-e-Abu-Talib for three years during the 7th and
10th year of prophethood.

25 After the death of Abu Talib, Abu Lahab became the chief of the clan.
26 He lifted the protection and increased the persecution against the Prophet and his
followers,

27. Hazrat Abdullah bin Masud was severely abused and beaten when he attempted to
Quran loudly near the Kaaba.
28. Hazrat Abu Zar Ghaffari R.A stayed in Makkah for few days after accepting Islam.
During those few days he made a couple of speeches in the temple grounds. He was
immediately restrained by the pagans and was beaten up badly.

87
29. Many companions of the Holy Prophet were deprived of work, livelihood was taken
away and their possessions came under the control of the Quraish.

ANSWER:
The prophethood began in 610 AD but it was not until 613 AD the messenger of Allah
received the command to preach the of Allah to the public. With the following revelation
the Prophet of Allah stood on the mount of Safa and invited the people of Makkah to Islam,
"Expound openly what you are commanded and turn away those who join false gods with
Allah." Persecution against Prophet Muhammad gradually increased following it
persecution against his followers also began; the weak and poor were mostly targeted.
The influential people of Makkah such as Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab, Abu Sufyan etc took an
active part in oppressing the follow ers of Islam. Sumayya along with her husband Yasir
and son Ammar converted to Islam. Soon after, they faced intense abuse by Abu Lahab
who was forcing them to abandon Islam. Sumayya R.A was tied with two camels who were
made to run in opposite directions and while her body was fully stretched Abu Jahl struck
her with a spear and her body split into two. Due to this persecution they became the first
martyrs of Islam.
Umayya bin Khalaf owned an Abyssinian slave, Hazrat Bilal bin Rabbah who converted
to Islam, his master persecuted him mercilessly by making him lle on the hot sand in the
scorching heat of the sun and placing heavy stones on his chest. He did this all in the quest
to force Hazrat Bilal to abandon his faith, but he did not waiver and would always chant
"Allah! The One, Allah! The One." A Roman slave girl, Zinra would be beaten mercilessly
and was blinded by her master. Khabab bin Arat was a blacksmith, his own tools were used
to brand him and then he was thrown on burning coal.bin Arat was a black The rich and
influential companions of the Prophet were also persecuted all in the attempt to revert them
back to idol worshipping. Abu Bakr was once pulled by his beard and dragged on the streets
of Makkah as he was protecting the mes senger of Anah. Abu Bakr and Talha were tied
with ropes by Nawfil Ibn Khuwalid and laid to the ground where no one came to help them,
Hazrat Usman, the first of the Umayyads to accept islam was tied with ropes and beaten
with sticks by his uncle. Harith bin Abi Hala was killed protecting the Holy Prophet. Once
Suhaib Rumi was beaten so viciously that he became unconscious and lost his senses.
Hazrat Abu Fukaiha was the slave of Safwan bin Umayya. He accepted Islam at the same
time as Bilal and he too was dragged by his master on hot sand with a rope tied to his feet.
Hazrat Lubna was a female slave of Mumil bin Habib and was continuously tortured till
the persecutor became tired and then torture would start again but she would not bulge
away from her faith. Hazrat Nadiya and Umm-e-Unays were two other female slaves who
became Muslims. Their masters tortured them for accepting Islam.
In 615 AD, fifth year of the Prophethood, with the Holy Prophet's permission some of his
followers migrated to Abyssinia, where they found freedom. Upon knowing this, they were

88
followed there by the Quraish. The Quraish demanded the King Negus to send the
followers of Islam back with them to Makkah but when the King heard the speech of Jaffar
bin Abu Talib he refused.
The pagans boycotted Prophet Muhammad, family and followers to a narrow valley outside
Makkah which is also called Shib-e-Abu-Talib for three years during the 7th and 10thyear
of prophethood. They were deprived of basic necessities and food. Children cried of
hunger. The clan of Banu Hashim protected them but after the death of Abu Talib, Abu
Lahab became the chief of the clan and increased the persecution against the Prophet and
his family. The Muslims were not allowed to worship at the Kaabah. Hazrat Abdullah bin
Masud would be severely abused whenever he attempted to recite Quran loudly near the
Kaabah. Moreover, another believer, Hazrat Abu Zar Ghaffari after converting to Islam,
stayed in Makkah for a few days where he made speeches on temple grounds. Seeing this,
pagans in matter of no time, restrained him and he was beaten up badly. Many companions
of the Holy Prophet were deprived of work. Livelihood was taken way and their
possessions came under the control of the Quraish. LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN
MAKKAH

B. EXPLAIN HOW THEIR REACTION TO THESE GIFFICULTIES CAN SET AN

EXAMPLE FOR MUSLIMS TODAY. [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. in earlier times, the Muslims were less in number, but they had more strength and
courage.
2. They faced Intense persecutions; many died due to the hardships but they never gave
up their religion.
3. Inspiration of being patient, and courageous for Muslims for these in Syria, Kashmir and
4. Muslims should not be hopeless whether it be physical or verbal abuse.
5. Always remember to hold the rope of Allah's faith for he is most Merciful. There will
be daybreak after bad and difficult times.
6. "And truly, Hereafter will be better for you than the present."

ANSWER:
Prophet Muhammad and his followers were intensely persecuted through verbal, physical
and emotional means all in the hope that they give up their faith, but they did not and many
even died defending Islam. Early Muslims had strong faith and belief in Allah regardless
of the severe punishments they used to face. This should inspire Muslims today to remain
steadfast. In modern times, the persecution of Muslims continues in various countries such
as Kashmir, Syria and Pales tine through subtle or explicit actions. These Muslims must

89
always remember Allah and should not lose hope. "Verily, with every difficulty there is
ease." Islamophobia is on the rise globally; many countries discourage the wearing of a
head scarf and cali it oppressive. Muslims in Palestine, Myanmar, China, and Syria are all
being targeted due to their faith, held in concentration camps so they give up Islam. All
Muslims who are facing hardships today should remember the persecu tion of the Holy
Prophet and his companions and how they stood strong, never wavering. Today's Muslims
should stay united in these times of peril, displaying courage and patience. Surely Allah
helps his believers. There is morning light after every dark night. One must think about the
rewards on the day of judgement. "And truly, Hereafter will be better for you than the
present .

A. WRITE AN ACCOUNT OF FIRST MIGRATION OF MUSLIMS TO

ABYSSINIA (10)
HIGHLIGHTS:
4. In 615 AD, fifth year of the Prophethood, with the Holy Prophet's permission some of
his followers migrated to Abya
sinia a group of 11 men and 4 women. The group included Hazrat Usman and his wife
Ruqqaya (daughter of the HolyProphet), Hazrat Sawdah and her husband Zubair, Abdullah,
Ubaidah bin Jarrah and Abdur Rehman bin Auf
5. Following the first group, a second group of 83 men and 18 women migrated to
Abyssinia and this group Haarat
1.in 615 AD the messenger of Allah received thecommand to preach the message of Allah
to the public. "Expound openly what you are commanded and turn away those who join
false gods with Allah."
2. Persecution against Prophet Muhammad gradually increased following it persecution
against his followers also began
3. Allah in the time of such extreme difficulties gave the idea of migration in the following
revelation, "Those who migrate in the cause of Allah after having been wronged, we will
surely give them a better place in this world."

Jaffar (son of Abu Talib) was included King Negus welcomed the Muslims
When the Quraish found out they sent a delegation of two men Amr bin Aas and Abduliah
bin Rabiyyah and many pits 8. When the delegation requested the King to hard the Muslims
over the King invited the Muslims to his court to listen to their side .
9. Hazrat Jaffer became the spokesperson of the Muslims and said, "Your Majesty, the
King, we were ignorant people. We worshipped the idols. We ate dead animals. We did
bad actions and abandoned our relatives. We mistreated our neighbors. The strong

90
oppressed the weak. So, Allah has sent us an Apostle. We know his ancestors and his
truthful ness. We know that he is pure and trustworthy So, he has Invited us to worship the
Only Allah. He has ordered us t avold what we and our fathers had worshipped. He has
ordered us to be truthful and to give the trusts to their owners He has ordered us to visit our
relatives, to be good neighbors, to stop bad actions and shedding blood. He has pre vented
us from atrocities, falsehood taking the orphan's money and speaking evil of the married
women. He has ordered us to worship Allah only and not to be polytheists. He has ordered
us to pray, to give alms, and to fast majesty, the king, we've believed him and followed
what he has brought from Allah. So, we've worshipped Allah ori we're not polytheists. But
our people have aggressed against us. They've tortured us. They've prevented us from our
religion to worship the idols again. After they had persecuted us, we came to your country.
We've preferred you others. We want to live in your country. Thus, your majesty, the king,
we ask you to treat us justly."
10 Abdullah bin Rabiyyah after seeing Negus getting inclined towards the Muslims told
Negus that Muslims do blas_phemy against Hazrat Isa AS.
LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH
11. Negus inquired from Jaftar RA if this was true but Jaftar replied that Muslims do not
and in fact they have a whole chapter in the Quran named after Mother of Hazrat lsa.
12 Negus asked Hazrat Jaffer to recite few verses.

13 Jaffer recited some verses of the Surah Maryam which brought tears to the King's eyes.
"He said: I am only a messen ger of your Lord: That I will give you a pure boy. She said:
When shall I have a boy and no mortal has yet touched me, nor have I been unchaste? He
said: Even so; your lord says: It is easy to me: and that We may make him a sign to men
and a mercy from us; and it is a matter which has been decreed..."
14. The King after hearing these verses said, "By God this and Gospel are the lights of one
candle."
15. Negus returned the gifts of Quraish and turned them away and warmly accepted the
Muslims.

ANSWER:
in 613 AD the messenger of Allah received the command to preach the message of Allah
to the public. With the following revelation the Prophet of Allah stood on the mount of
Sata and invited the people of Makkah to Islam, "Expound openly
what you are commanded and turn away those who join false gods with Allah." Muslims
were facing torture at the hands of Makkans. These persecutions were increasing day by
day. Sumayya and her husband Yasir died due to these persecutions.

91
Allah in the time of such extreme difficulties supported the idea of migration in the
following revelation, "Good is for those who do good in this world, and Allah's earth is
spacious. Only those who are patient shall receive their rewards in full, without reckoning."
(39:10)
It was 615 AD, fifth year of the Prophet hood, when some followers asked Holy Prophet's
permission to migrate, Prophet suggested them to go to Abyssinia where a just king called
Negus ruled. First group included eleven men and four women. The group included Hazrat
Usman and his wife Ruqqaya (daughter of the Holy Prophet), Hazrat Sawdah and her
husband Zubair, Abdullah, Ubaidah bin Jarrah and Abdur Rehman bin Auf.
The King welcomed them and treated them kindly. They found freedom there, however, a
false news about the conversion of all the Muslims of Makkah made them return back. This
time the persecutions were increased even more.
Prophet allowed a second group of 83 men and 18 women to migrate to Abyssinia and in
this group Hazrat Jaffar (son of Abu Talib) was included. The king welcomed them. They
left secretly but as soon as the leaders of Makkah came to know about it, they were enraged.
They planned to talk with the King Negus and discredit Prophet and his religion.of Abu
Tal

about it, they were enraged They sent a delegation of two men: Amr bin Aas and Abdullah
bin Rabiyyah with gifts for the King Negus to convince him that he would hand the
Muslims back to the Quraish. Negus upon listening to the request of the Quraish decided
to know about the truth about the religion called Islam and so he called upon the Muslims
to his court.

Hazrat Jaffar speaking on behalf of the Muslims told the truth to the King saying, "Your
Majesty, the King, we were ignorant people. We worshipped the idols. We ate dead
animals. We did bad actions and abandoned our relatives. We mistreated our neighbours.
The strong oppressed the weak. So, Allah has sent us an Apostle. We know his ancestors
and his truthfulness. We know that he is pure and trustworthy So, he has invited us to
worship the Only Allah. He has ordered us to avoid what we and our fathers had
worshipped. He has ordered us to be truthful and to give the trusts to their owners. He has
ordered us to visit our relatives, to be good neighbours, to stop bad actions and shedding
blood. He has prevented us from atrocities, falsehood taking the orphan's money and
speaking evil of the married women. He has ordered us to worship Allah only and not to
be polytheists. He has ordered us to pray, to give alms, and to fast. Your majesty: the king,
we've believed him and followed what he has brought from Allah. So, we've wor shipped
Allah only-we're not polytheists. But our people have aggressed against us. They've
tortured us. They've pre vented us from our religion to worship the idols again. After they
had persecuted us, we came to your country. We've preferred you to others. We want to
live in your country. Thus, your majesty, the king, we ask you to treat us justly."

92
Abdullah bin Rabiyyah after seeing Negus getting inclined towards the Muslims told him
that Muslims do blasphemy against Hazrat isa AS. Upon which Hazrat Jaffar said it was
not true, in fact Quran has a whole chapter regarding it. Al-Na jashy said politely: "Have
you anything of what your Prophet has brought." Jaffar began reading some verses of the
Surah Maryam which brought tears to the King's eyes. "He said: I am only a messenger of
your Lord: That I will give you a pure boy. She said: When shall have a boy and no mortal
has yet touched me, nor have I been unchaste? He said: Even so, your lord says: It is easy
to me: and that We may make him a sign to men and a mercy from us; and it is a matter
which has been decreed..." The King after hearing these verses said. "By God this and
Gospel are the lights of one candle." Najashi returned the gifts of Quraish and turned them
away and warmly accepted the Muslims.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF BOYCOTT OF BANU HASHIM. (10)
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. During 616 AD to 619 AD (7th to 10th year of Prophethood) Prophet Muhammad ano
his family were economically and socially boycotted
2 Ever since Prophet started publicly preaching istam pagans made every possible effort to
discourage the spread of islam through intense persecution
3. When Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat Umar accepted islam, the Makkans knew they had to
do something to contain the spread of this religion.
4. Murdering was not an option as it would mean tribal warfare.
5.The pagans demanded Banu Hashim to hand over Prophet Muhammad or to withdraw
their protection, but the clan refused.
6.Jahl proposed boycotting the clans that were protecting the Prophet in such a way that
they would be absolutely helpless.
7. A boycott document was written by Ikrima bin Amir
8. It stated that no business or trade of any sort would be done with these two tribes, nor
would any food be allowed to reach them.

9. No one would marry anyone from those tribes or have social Interactions with them.
10. They would only be allowed to enter Makkah for the days of Hajj and after that they
would return.

11. This document was then signed by around forty leaders of the Quraysh and it was hung
inside the Kaaba

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12. Among the Quraish many condemned this for example Mutam Bin Adi, Abu ul
Bakhtari Bin Hashim, Zamah Bin al-Aswad, Adi bin Qais and Zuhair Bin Abl Umayyah.

13. Banu Muttalib and Banu Hashim along with their children and women were thus forced
out of Mecca. to a nearbyplace called Shib-e Abu Talib (land owned by Abu Talib)
14. It even included the people of Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib who had not accepted
islam to put more pressure on them.
15. The plan of the pagans was to leave the Muslims to starve to death in the loneliness of
the desert, at the mercy of the scorching heat with no expectation of external help from any
quarter.
16. There was hardly any food: the people were forced to eat leaves to survive.
17. The hungry cries of the children could be heard all the way to Mecca.

18. Hazrat Saad ibn Waqas R.A narrates that for three days, he could not stand properly
due to the intensity of hunger. He then found a piece of leather which he cleaned, put in a
fire, and ate, and he thanked God for this provision

19. Hazrat Khadija supported the tribe through her contacts who were not part of the
boycott.
20. Abu Bakr and Umar R.A throughout the three years used whatever provisions they had
to gather food and
21. As the three years passed, Hashim bin Amr, a Quraish, who used to smuggle lood went
to Prophet's cousin Zuhair supply to the people in Shib-e Abi Talib and they gathered
people to protest the ban until it was lifted.
22. Relatives of the besieged and the chiefs of the Quraish took a stand and argued with
other leaders of Quraish to lift ban.
23. It finally came to an end in Muharram when Abu Jahl who thought it would be futile
to resist any longer, when wem inside the Kaabah and found that terms of boycott which
were written on the parchment were eaten up by termite excep for the word "Allah".
24. The news of the boycott had spread across Arabia, and Islam became much more well-
known and thus attracted more converts.

ANSWER:
During 616 AD and 619 AD, the 7th to 10th year of the Prophethood, Prophet Muhammad
and his family were economi cally and socially boycotted. Ever since on the mount of Safa
in 613 AD the Prophet publicly preached about the message of God the pagans had made
every possible effort to discourage the spread of Islam through intense persecution and

94
oppo sition of the Holy Prophet and his followers; and when Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat
Umar accepted Islam the Makkans knew they had to do something to contain the spread of
this religion. Murdering Prophet could not be exercised as it would bring out tribal warfare.
They pressurised Abu Talib, the chief of the cian of Banu Hashim to abandon his nephew.
The pagans demanded to hand over Prophet Muhammad to them or they would withdraw
their protection, but the clan refused and so Abu Jahl came up with the plan to totally
boycott the clan of Banu Hashim so that they would suffer and renounce the faith. Ikrima
bin Amir wrote the document with terms that included that no one was to marry in the clan
of Banu Hashim, and nobody was in do trade with them. Also, anyone providing them with
food, or anything would be treated in same way. All sorts of interactions were stop. The
treaty allowed them to enter Makkah only in the days of the Hajj, after which they were to
return. This document was signed by forty members and it was hung inside the Kaabah.
Many condemned it such as Mutam Bin Adi, Abu ul Bakhtari Bin Hashim, Zamah Bin al-
Aswad, Adi bin Qais and Zuhair Bin Abi Umayyah.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

Bano Hashim and Banu Muttalib's people including the non-Muslims to put pressure on
them) were made to retreat in a at valry owned by Abu Talib, called the Shib-e-Tallb. The
valley was a deserted place outside Makkah. Abu Jahi mought that they would die of
hunger and thirst in the heat of desert with nothing to survive. People suffered these hard
nice for three whole years. They would rely on leaves of plants and burnt leather for
survival. The whole vailey echoed with cries of children Hazrat Saad ibn Wagas is reported
to have said that for three days, he could not stand property due to the intensity of his
hunger. He then found a piece of leather which he cleaned, put in a fire, and ate, and he
thanked God for this provision in these tough times, some people would sneak out and
supple some food back to valley. Hakim ibn Hazim was caught ay nou Jany while he was
trying to smuggle a sack of wheat, Hazrat Khadija too tried to help by asking her contacts,
outside one clan Hashim. Hazrat Abu Bakar also tried to gather food with whatever
provision he had.

Finally, after these three tormenting years, in the month of Muharram, Hashim in Amr
along with Prophets cousin Zuhair gathered people to protest this ban outside Kaabah and
decided to not give up until the matter was solved. Chiefs of the tibe Banu Hashim along
with the relatives of the besieged stood up against the boycott and protested for the bun to
be imed Abu Jahl finally saw that he could no longer continue this. When they went inside
the Kaabah they found out that the terms of treaty wrimen on the parchment paper were no
longer there as they had been eaten up by termite. Only the word Allah remained By the
end of the boycott, the news of it had spread across the Arabia, and islam had become much
more well-known. More people were now converting due to this.

A. DESCRIBE EVENTS OF PROPHET'S VISIT TO TAIF. [10]

95
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. In the 10th year of Prophethood wife Hazrat Khadija and Uncle Abu Talib after the
boycott, passed away.
2. Abu Lahab becomes the chief of Banu Hashim and lifts protection of the Prophet. The
persecution in Makkah of the Muslims increased tenfold.

3:11th year of the prophethood: Makkans became very inhospitable for the few Muslims
that lived there.
4. Quraish started interfering in any attempt of propagation by the Holy Prophet and his
followers.
5. Prophet therefore decided to go to Taif as it was a thriving center. He wanted to spread
the message of Islam outside Makkah and to seek protection

6. After arriving at Talf he met the chief and elders of Banu Thaqeef tribe (Abd Yalall,
Masud and Habib, and their father Amr Bin Ummaya Ath Thaqafe and preached the
message of Islam .

7. They rejected the invite to Islam by saying "In case you are the chosen one of Allah it
will be inviting torture to refute you and if your claim is false you are not fit to be talked
to".

8. The elders insulted and raged by the Holy Prophet's invite to Islam instigated the loafers
and simpletons of Tait against him

9. The Holy Prophet was stoned to the point blood was covering in a pool around his shoes
and so he took refuge in a garden which belonged to two persons named Utaba and Sheba.
10. In his weak condition Prophet Muhammad prayed to Allah "O Lord! I present my
weakness and lack of strength before You. You are the kind Nourisher. You are the helper
of the weak. To whom are You abandoning me?"
11. Utaba and Sheba, sons of Rabiyyah, though were idol-worshippers and enemies of
Islam but still felt sympathy for the Prophet and his condition.
12. They sent their Christian slave, Addas, with a plate full of grapes and allowed him to
rest in their orchard.

13. Hazrat Jibreel appeared and said "Allah has heard what your people said to you and
how they replied to you. Allah has sent the angels of Mountains to you so that you may
order him to do whatever you wish to these people."

96
14. Then the angels of Mountains appeared and addressed the Holy Prophet, "O
Muhammad! Order what you wish, it you like, I shall cause mountains surrounding Al-
Taif, to fall upon them and crush them into pieces."
15. Prophet replied, "Why should pray for their destruction, for hope that there shall be
among their children those who will worship Allah alone, and will worship none beside
Him."
16. Messenger of Allah prayed to Allah, "O Allah forgive them and guide them... for they
know me not."

17. Knowing that he had no one to protect him he ordered Zaid bin Harith to seek asylum
from the nobles of Quraish.
18. The first three, Abd Yalil ibn Abd Kalal, Akhnas ibn Shariq and Suhail ibn Amr refused
but the fourth one, Mutim ibn Adi agreed to give Prophet Protection.
19. The Holy Prophet left Taif and returned to Makkah after a few days.
20. Mutim ordered his sons, nephews and other young men of his clan to put on their armor
and then marched, in full display of war towards Kaabah.
21. To show to all of Quraish that he had given Prophet Protection, he brought Muhammad
PBUH into the boundary of the Kaabah where the Prophet performed Tawaf, and then
escorted him to his home. LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

ANSWER:
After ten years of prophethood in 620 AD after the passing of the Holy Prophet's wife
Hazrat Khadija and Uncle Talib, the persecution in Makkah for the Muslims increased
tenfold As the 11th year of the prophethood began Makkah became very inhospitable for
the few Muslims that lived there and Prophet Muhammad's life was in constant danger and
to make the conditions even worse the Quraish would interfere in any attempt of
propagation by the Holy Prophet and his followers.
By virtue of the distressing climate of Makkah the Prophet chose to go to some different
conditions to seek protection Ta had the greatest number of second largest clan Banu Sagit.
He had big hopes regarding the Taif people-if they were convert to istam it would open a
new chapter in the history of Islam. Holy Prophet talked to three chiefs Abd Yalail, Masud
and Habib, and their father Amr Bin Ummaya Ath Thaqafi asking them to accept the word
of God. All three of them responded with you and it your claim is false you are not fit to
be talked to the chosen one of Allah it will be inviting torture to refute you if to".
Upon their refusal, he did not lose hope; instead he kept on preaching the common people
of the town for ten days. Whe the elders of Tail came to know about this they became angry
and they asked the boys in the street to mock Prophet and abuse him. These teenagers

97
pelted Holy Prophet and his companion Zaid with stones mercilessly. Zaid tried to shield
Prophet but was also injured. Their wounds were such that their shoes were filled with
blood. When they reached the out skirts of the town, they took refuge in an orchard.
In his weak condition Prophet Muhammad prayed to Allah "O Lord! I present my weakness
and lack of strength before You. You are the kind Nourisher. You are the helper of the
weak. To whom are You abandoning me?" The garden although belonged to two non-
Muslim brothers named Utaba and Sheba but the condition of Prophet and his companion
made their hearts soft. As a form of sympathy, they allowed them shelter and sent some
grapes with their slave Addas.
In that garden, Hazrat Jibreel appeared to the Holy Prophet and said "Allah has heard what
your people said to you and how they replied to you. Allah has sent the angels of Mountains
to you so that you may order him to do whatever you wish to these people." Then the angels
of Mountains appeared and addressed the Holy Prophet "0 Muhammad! Order what you
wish, if you like, I shall cause mountains surrounding Al-Taif, to fall upon them and crush
them into pieces." To this the Holy Prophet replied to the angels, "Why should I pray for
their destruction, for I hope that there shall be among their children those who will worship
Allah alone, and will worship none beside him." Following this the messenger of Allah
prayed to Allah "O Allah forgive them and guide them... for they know me not. Knowing
that he had no one to protect him Holy prophet orderd ziad bin Harith to seek refuge from
the nobles Quraish. They asked a few nobles including Abd Yalil ibn Abd Kalal, Akhnas
ibn Shariq and Suhall Ibn Amr who rejected Knowing that he had no one to protect him
Holy Prophet ordered al him but the fourth one, Mutim Ibn Adi agreed to give Prophet
Protection and make him reach Kaabah safely. Mutimaskes his sons, nephews and other
young men of his clan to put on their armour and then marched, in full display of war
towards Kaabah, showing that he had given protection to Prophet. Prophet performed the
Tawaf and after which he was safely brought to his home.
A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE EVENTS OF THE PROPHET'S NIGHT
JOURNEY AND ASCENSION (ISRA WA MIRAJ). [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1 Took place in the 11th year of the Prophethood on 27th Rajab.
2. Surah al-Isra and an-Najm in the Quran mention how the miracle of Journey and
Ascension took place. "Glory to (Allah) Who did take His Servant for Journey by night
from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque whose pre cincts We did bless in order
that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the one who hears and sees (all
things)."
3. Regarding the sighting of Jibreel it is said, "While he was in the highest part of the
horizon: Then he approached and came closer, And was at a distance of but two bow-

98
lengths or (even) nearer; So did (Allah) convey the inspiration to His Servant (conveyed)
what He (meant) to convey..."

4. According to the Hadiths which narrates this event the Holy Prophet reported, "While I
was lying in Al-Hatim, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open... then he
took out my heart. Then a gold tray full of belief was brought to me and my heart was
washed and was filled and then returned to its original place. Then a white animal smaller
than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me, named Buraq. The animal's step
reached the farthest point within the reach of its sight..."

5. They stopped at 3 places and prayed 2 Rakahs, first place Taiba (Madina, where the
Prophet later had to migrate). second place was Koh-e-Tur (Tur-e-Sina) where Allah spoke
with Hazrat Musa, third place was where Hazrat Isa was born.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

6. On his way Prophet saw nation who commited nating food to eat was eating rotten food.
Upon asking the was told by Jibreel that they were people who committed adultery.
7. Prophet saw another nation with big stomachs and putting burnt coal in their stomachs.
Upon asking te was told that these people used to indulge in Riba.
8. Prophet saw another nation who bit and cut their own tongue and lips and then they
would heal and then they would bite and cut them again. Upon asking he was told that they
were scholars who would practice false preaching and would preach about matters in a way
which would gain them personal benefits
9. When Prophet Muhammad reached Majid Al Aqsa, Jibreel tied Buraq with a big stone.
10. After that, the Prophet (pbuh) was brought two bowls; one of them had wine and the
other had milk. He was told,"Have either of them!" The Prophet (pbuh) chose the milk.
Jibreel said to the Prophet (pbuh). "You chose the natural one; if you had chosen the wine,
your Ummah would have gone astray after you. You were led to the natural state by
choosing the milk; your Ummah was led to the natural state, too. Wine was rendered haram
for you!"
11. Upon entering the Masjid, Prophet saw all the other prophets there and led the Salah.
This is the significance of calling Prophet "Imam-ul-Anbiya" (Imam of all prophets).
12. In the present world there is a Dome where he had led the prayer.
13. Then Prophet was taken to a place in the Masjid called Sakhara where there was a
ladder by which Prophet ascended to the Heavens.
14. When the gate opened and the Prophet Muhammad entered the first heaven he saw a
man weeping on his left was a large group of people and the Holy Prophet was told that

99
the man weeping was Hazrat Adam and the large group of people were his descendants
who were condemned to hell and when Prophet Adam see them on his left he would cry
for them and when he saw at his right he would laugh with joy for his descendants who
were in heaven.Prophet Muhammad greeted Prophet Adam before proceeding to the
second heaven where he met Hazrat Yahya and Isa.

15. The Holy Prophet met Hazrat Yusuf on the third heaven.
16. He met Hazrat Idrees on the fourth Heaven
17. Met Hazrat Harun on the fifth heaven.

18. On the sixth heaven the Prophet (pbuh) met Hazrat Musa .
19. Met Prophet Ibrahim on the seventh heaven standing against Balt-ul-Mamur (the Kaaba
of

20. Then came the point Sidra-tul-Muntaha (extreme point where anyone has ever been)
the Heavens)
22. From that point angel Jibreel could not pass further as otherwise it would burn his
wings.
23. Holy Prophet proceeded ahead alone and entered the presence of Allah where the last
verses of Surah revealed.

24. Allah promised that He would forgive all the major sins of the Muslims if they do not
commit shirk.

25. As narrated by Abdulla ibn Masood, "He was given five prayers; he was given
concluding verses of Surah Baqarah,and remission for serious sins for those among this
Ummah who associate not anything with Allah.

26. Fifty prayers a day were made obligatory, on his return upon asking, Prophet
Muhammad told Prophet Musa about the obligatory fifty prayers
27. Musa (AS) said to the Holy Prophet to ask Allah to reduce the prayers as his Ummah
will not be able to pray as much.
28. The numbers of prayers were reduced to 40. Prophet went 5 times and each time 10
were reduced and in the last when 5 were made obligatory.

29. When Musa (AS) urged the Prophet again for further reducing the prayers the Prophet
(pbuh) said "I have asked my Lord till I am ashamed to face him."
30. After this the Holy Prophet was shown Heaven and Hell.

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31. When the Holy Prophet returned the lock on his door was still moving as if he had
never left the house and no time has passed at all.

32. Next morning Prophet Muhammad narrated the event to the Quraish. They made fun
of him and called him names like madman.
33. He also told them about the trade caravan returning to Makkah from Syria.

34. Abu Bakr was given the title of "Siddique" after this experience as he was the first to
believe and testify to Holy Proph et's experience of Isra and Miraj when was asked by Abu
Jahl and other people of Quraish.

ANSWER:
One of the greatest miracles of the Prophet is the miracle of Night Journey (Isra) and
Ascension (Miraj), this event took place in the 11th year of the Prophethood on 27th Rajab.
Acting upon the call from God Almighty and guided by Gabriel (Jibreel), the Prophet
(pbuh) went from the Kaaba in Makkah to Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem and then to the sky,
to the high realms and to the presence of God on an animal from paradise called Buraq. It
all happened in one night-the first part of the journey is called "Isra" which means the Night
Journey. Holy Quran mentions these events in two Surahs Al-Isra and An Najm, "Glory to
(Allah) Who did take His Servant for Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the
Farthest Mosque whose precincts We did bless in order that We might show him some of
Our Signs: for He is the one who hears and sees (all things)."

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

Sighting of Angel Jibreel is told as. "While he was in the highest part of the horizon: Then
he approached and came closer, and was at a distance of but two bow-lengths or (even)
nearer; So did (Allah) convey the inspiration to His Servant (conveyed) what He (meant)
to convey..."
According to the Hadiths which narrates this event the Holy Prophet reported, "while I was
lying in al Hatim, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open... then he took out
my heart. Then a gold tray full of belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and
was filled and then returned to its original place. Then a white animal smaller than a mule
and bigger than a donkey was brought to me. It was Buraq. The animal's step reached the
farthest point within the reach of its sight..."
On their way they made three stops. First, they stopped at Taiba and prayed two Rakahs
then they went to Koh-e-Tur (Tur-e-Sina) where Allah spoke with Hazrat Musa; they
prayed two Rakahs here and the third place was where Hazrat Ita was born. They prayed
two Rakahs of prayer here as well. While on their way, Prophet was shown nations who
had done wrong. Amongst them was a nation who had committed adultery and they were
being punished by only being able to eat rotten food, despite having amazing food to eat.

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The other nation had big stomachs and they were putting hot burning cual in it. Upon
inquiring Prophet was told that these people were the ones who indulged in usury (Riba).
Furthermore, another nation was cutting on their own tongue and ips for preaching falsely
and in ways which were of benefit to them. After watching all this, they reached Jerusalem
where Jibreel tied Buraq with a ring on the door of Masjid e Aqsa used by other Prophets.
Further, Prophet was presented with two bowls; one had wine and the other had milk.
Prophet reached for the bowl with milk for which Angel Jibreel said, "You chose the
natural one; if you had chosen the wine, your Ummah would have gone astray after you.
You were led to the natural state by choosing the milk; your Ummah was led to the natural
state, too. Wine was rendered haram for you!"
As Prophet entered the mosque, he saw all the other Prophets and he led the Prayer there.
This earned him the title of "Imam-ul-Anbiya" (Imam of all prophets). In the present world
there is a Dome at the place where he had led the prayer. They furthered their journey by
going to a mosque called Sakhara which had ladder reaching out to heaven. Upon arrival
Jibreel asked for the gate of the heaven to be opened. It was asked, "Has Muhammad been
called?" Upon affirmation it was said, "He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is."
The gate was opened to the first heaven where Prophet saw a man weeping on his left with
a large group of people the Holy Prophet was told that the man weeping was Hazrat Adam
and the large group of people were his descend who were condemned to hell. When Prophet
Adam would see towards his left, would cry for those in hell and when s would see at his
right he would laugh with joy for his descendants in heaven.
Prophet Muhammad met with Prophet Adam and greeted him, after which he went to the
second heaven where he met Hazrat Yahya and Isa then he proceeded to the third heaven
where he met Hazrat Yusuf. Further he met Hazrat Idrees. Hazrat Haroon, Hazrat Musa
and Hazrat Adam on the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh heaven, respectively. Last point
was Sidra-tul-Muntaha (extreme point where anyone has ever been) here Angel Jibreel left
Prophet to continue further on his own as Angel Jibreel could not pass for it would burn
his wings.

Prophet met Allah here and this was where last verses of Surah Baqarah were revealed.
Allah promised that He would forgive all the major sins of the Muslims if they did not
commit shirk. Moreover Allah gave the Prophet the gift ci fifty prayers which were
obligatory. On his way back Prophet told Hazrat Musa about this gift. Learning this,
Prophet Muta asked the Prophet to get the number of obligatory prayers reduced as his
Umman would not be able to pray as much Prophet made 5 visits and each time 10 prayers
were reduced. Finally, when the number was reduced to 5 obligatory prayers a day Prophet
said, "I have asked niy Lord till I am ashamed to face him."
Prophet also got to see the heaven and hell, and the two rivers of Paradise. After which he
returned to earth to his room. This has all happened so fast that Holy Prophet's bed was

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still warm the way he had left it. The lock on his door was still moving as if he had never
left the house and no time has passed at all. Coming morning, Prophet narrated this Miracle
tou the people of Quraish who did not believe him and made fun of him, calling him
macman. However, as he told them abou the trade caravan returning to Makkah from Syria,
it was then he was proved truthful. Amongst all the people Abu Baka was the first one to
testify this experience due to which he was given the title of Siddique the truthful).

B. HOW DID THIS JOURNEY HELP THE PROPHET IN HIS MISSION? [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Increased the motivation.
2. Holy Prophet realized the condolence from Allah.
3. Comforted the torture by the enemies

4. Made him understand his importance as a last messenger.

5. Gave Holy Prophet a new direction for the mission
6. This journey also made him understand that his followers are looked upon.

ANSWER:
This journey was of utmost importance to the mission of Holy Prophet in spreading the
word of Allah to all the peop This event gave a new direction to Holy Prophet and
strengthen his motivation to continue the mission Holy realized that God is with him in the
mission and all the pain caused by the Quraish was comforted. gave other Muslims new
way to strive for. This journey made him realize his importance in the Muslim world as a
last messenger and it sased him that his followers are also looked after as they were given
the five prayers.

A. DESCRIBE EVENTS FOLLOWING THE DEATH OF ABU TALIB THAT LED

TO PROPHET'S MIGRATION TO MADINA FROM MAKKAH. (PLEDGES OF
AQABAH) [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1 With the death of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija the prophet's wife in the 10th year of the
Prophethood, messenger of Allah had no one to help him from physical harm.

2. Prophet went in search for a new place to preach Islam also because Makkah became
difficult to live for the Muslims.
3. In search for a new place, he went to Taif and invited the leader and the elders of the
Banu Thaqeef tribe but they not only rejected him but also persecuted him and so the
messenger of Allah came back to Makkah and continued preaching.

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4. Prophet received protection from Mutim ibn Adi, from the Banu Nawfal clan.
5. To console the Prophet, Allah SWT planned a blessed journey of Isra and Miraj after
which Prophet with renewed devotion planned to incite people coming from outside
Makkah to Islam.
6. He started to sit in the outskirts of Makkah at a place called Aqabah (near Mina) where
people from Yathrib used to pass and enter Makkah,
7. In 620 AD, 6 pilgrims of the Khazraj tribe from Yathrib came to Makkha
8. There they sincerely heard the Holy Prophet spreading the message of Islam. They
immediately recognized him as the prophet mentioned in Jewish scriptures as used to
discuss the coming of the Last Prophet with their fellow Jewish citizens.
9. Upon further education from the Prophet they accepted Islam. They promised to spread
islam in Yathrib and return next year with more people.
10. After returning home they spread the message of Islam and invited their friends and
family to join the faith, so this way Islam spread outside Makkah,

11. In 621 AD, 12th year of the Prophethood, the first pledge of Aqabah took place, 12
people from Yathrib came to Holy prophet at aqba.
12. They accepted islam and agreed upon abstaining from gambling, drinking, stealing,
adultery, killing their childre and slandering, disobeying the Prophet. 13. Terms of the
Pledge were as follows:

We shall not associate anyone with Allah (The One God): whether in worship, His
attributes, His power or His We shall not indulge in adultery, fornication, and practice or
propagate any other indecency.
authority.
We shall not steal or rob anyone's property in any or under any pretense.
We shall not practice the custom of killing children.

v) We shall not falsely accuse or backbite anyone.

vi)We shall not disobey the Prophet in good deeds and just cause.
vii)We shall always follow the Prophet, be it hard or easy, to our liking or not, and we shall
act according to your commands. We shall follow and obey your decisions even if it be
against us and in favor of others.

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We shall not participate in opposing the deserving persons of authority or positions. We
shall support the truth and justice and stand firm under all circumstances. In matters of
Allah's religion, we shall not be afraid for our name, disrepute, disgrace, or blame.
14. The new Muslims asked the prophet to send them a Muslim who could teach the Quran
and Islamic injunctions.

15. Musab bin Umair under the instructions of the Holy Prophet went with those 12 men
and preached Islam in Yathrib.
16. In 622 AD, the 13thyear of the Prophethood, second pledge of Aqabah took place when
a delegation of 73 and 2 women came to Aqabah from Yathrib to meet the Holy Prophet
and accepted Islam.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

17. They pledged to spread the message of Allah They promised to obey Allah, to not join
any God with Allah, to do good deeds and say no to evil deeds, to oefend the Holy Prophet
against his enemies and sacrifice their lives in the name of Islam. The terms were
i.To listen and obey in all sets of circumstances.
ii.To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity.
iii.To enjoin good and forbid evil.

IV. In Allah service ,you will fear no one else .

V.To defend me in case i seek your help. And if you observe those rules, Paradise is in
store for you.
18. The delegation also invited the Prophet Muhammad to Yathrib to live amongst them
and preach istam: they also said that they would make him their leader and support him
unconditionally.
19. Mutim ibn Adi, Chief of Banu Nawfil who had given protection to the Prophet died
and the Prophet agreed to the offer

20. When the Makkans found out about the invitation of the people of Yathrib to Prophet
Muhammad, they increased the of protection from people of Yathrib persecution tenfold.
21. Companions of the Holy Prophet had to migrate to Medina secretly

22. Everyone else migrated except the Holy Prophet, Abu Bakr and Ali.
23. The leaders of Quraish held a meeting in Dar-un-Nadwa (council hall)

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24. They plotted to kill the Holy Prophet by selecting one person from each tribe attacking
the messenger of Allah at the same time as Banu Hashim would later not be able to take
revenge from all tribes.
25. Allah informed his messenger of this plan, "Remember how the unbelievers plotted
against you, to keep you in bonds or slay you, or get you out (of the home) they plot and
plan, and Allah too plans. But the best of planners is Allah."
26. Ali slept in the prophet's bed for the night. 27. Prophet Muhammad left in the middle
of the night with Abu Bakr to migrate to Yathrib.

ANSWER:
Ever since the Holy Prophet began preaching Islam publicly in 613 AD, the pagans had
been enraged and so began perse cuting the Prophet and his followers. Due to the intensity
of persecution, Sumayya and even her family became the first martyrs of Islam. Some
Muslims in the fifth year of the Prophethood travelled to Abyssinia to seek refuge under
the protec tion of King Negus however, the Quraish tried bringing them back to Makkah
but failed. In the 7th year of Prophethood, Prophet Muhammad and his clan Banu Hashim
were boycotted to the valley outside Makkah and the boycott lasted for 3 years, up till the
10th year of the Prophethood. With the death of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija the prophet's
wife in the 10th year of the Prophethood, messenger of Allah had no one to help from
physical harm and so he went in search, for a new place to preach Islam. Also, conditions
in Makkah for the other Muslims as well became harsh. In search for a new place, he went
to Al-Talf and invited the leader and the elders of the Banu Thaqeef tribe but they not only
rejected him but also persecuted him and so the messenger of Allah came back to Makkah
and continued preaching Islam. Prophet received protection from Mutim Ibn Adi, from the
Banu Nawfal clan.but also persecuted him and so the messenger of Allah came t received
protection from Mutim ibn Adi, from the Banu Nawfat clan. To console the Prophet, Allah
SWT planned a blessed journey of Isra and Miraj after which Prophet with renewed
devotion planned to Incite people coming from outside Makkah to Islam, He started to sit
in the outskirts of Makkah at a place called Aqabah (near Mina) where people from Madina
(old name: Yathrib) used to pass and enter Makkah.
In 620 AD, six pilgrims of the Khazraj tribe from Yathrib came to Makkah. There they
heard the Holy Prophet spreading the message of Islam. They immediately recognized him
as the prophet mentioned in the Jewish scriptures as they used to discuss the coming of the
Last Prophet with their fellow Jewish citizens. Upon further education from the Holy
Prophet about Islam they accepted it. When they went back to Yathrib, those six pilgrims
spread the message of Islam and invited their friends and family to join them in new faith.
In this way islam spread outside Makkah. In 621 AD, 12th year of the Prophethood, the
first pledge of Aqabah took 12 people from Yathrib came to the Holy Prophet in Makkah

106
and accepted Islam and took the oath to abstain from gambling, drinking, stealing, adultery,
killing their children, and slander ing, disobeying the Prophet.

The pledge included a few terms and conditions which they agreed upon. They vowed that
they will not associate partners with Allah, in any aspect whether it be in worship or His
attributes. They would not steal or rob anyone; they won't commit adultery, fornication, or
indulge in any other indecent act. They would not kill infants or children whether a girl or
a boy. They also promised to not utter slanders/backbite anyone and furthermore, they
would support and obey Prophet's commands in that which is right be it easy or difficult or
according to their liking or not. They agreed to follow Prophet and other deserving persons
in authority even if it were to be not in their interest. They would always side with truth
and justice and would not be afraid of disgrace or blame for the cause of Allah.

After the first pledge. Musab bin Umair under the instructions of the Holy Prophet went
with those 12 men and preached Islam in Yathrib as those men had asked for a teacher to
tell them all about Islam. LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MAKKAH

in 622 AD, the 13th year of the Prophethood, second pledge of Aqabah took place when a
delegation of 73 men and 2 women came to Makkah from Yathrib to meet the Holy Prophet
and accept Islam and pledge to spreading the message of Allah. They promised to obey
Allah and all His commandments, to not join any God with Allah, accept there is only one
God, to do good deeds and say no to evil deeds, to spend in plenty or in scarcity, to defend
the Holy Prophet against his enemies and sacrifice their lives in the name of Islam and not
be afraid of anyone except Allah in return Prophet promised them paradise if they followed
all the rules. The delegation also invited the Prophet Muhammad to Yathrib, to live
amongst them and preach istam and they also said that they would make him their leader
and support him uncondition ally. Mutim ibn Adi, Chief of Banu Nawfil who had given
protection to the Prophet died and the Prophet agreed to the offer of protection from people
of Yathrib.
Following this, islam began to spread rapidly in Yathrib. When the Makkans found out
about the invitation of the people of Yasrib to Prophet Muhammad, they increased the
persecution tenfold and because of this the companions of the Holy Prophet had to migrate
to Medina secretly. Everyone except the Holy Prophet, Abu Bakr, and Ali travelled to
Medina. Whilst the Quraishites held a meeting in Dar-un-Nadwa, their council hall, and
made a plan to kill the Holy Prophet by selecting one person from each tribe at the same
time so as Banu Hashim would later not be able to take revenge from all tribes at once.
Allah informed his messenger of this plan of the unbelievers in the following words,
"Remember how the unbelievers plotted against you, to keep you in bonds or slay you, or
get you out (of the home) they plot and plan, and Allah too plans. But the best of planners
is Allah." Prophet Muhammad left in the middle of the night with Abu Bakr to migrate to
Yathrib while Ali slept in the prophet's bed for the night.

107
A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE HURA FROM MAKKAH TO MADINA. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS
1. The delegation from Yasrib that came to pledge to the Holy Prophet, known as the
second pledge of Aqabah invited Muhammad (pbuh) to Yasrib.
2. Mutim bn Adi, Chief of Banu Nawf who had given protection to the Prophet, died 3.
Prophet agreed to the offer of protection from people of Yathrib 4. When the Makkans
found out about the plans of the Holy Prophet, they increased the persecution tentold hence
the companiens had to migrate to Madina in secret &in the last Abu Bakr, All, and Prophet
Muhammad were lett in Makkah.
They met in their council Hall Dar-un-Nawa, and plotted to kill the Holy Prophet by
selecting one person from each tribe attacking the messenger of Allah at the same time so
that Banu Hashim would later not be able to take revenge at taking revenge from all tribes
would be impossible.
7.Allah informed His Prophet of their plans. "Remember how the unbelievers plotted
against thee, to keep thee in bonds or slay thee, or get thee out (of the home) they plot and
plan, and Allah too plans. But the best of planners is Allah.
8. Prophet Muhammad left in the middle of the night with Abu Bakr to migrate to Yerib
while All slept in the prophet'sbed for the night.
9. Prophet Muhammad appointed Hazrat Ali to return people's belongings that the Holy
Prophet used to keep sale for them to their respective owners and then join him in Madina
10. When the Holy Prophet stepped outside his house, the enemies had gathered to kill him,
the Prophet theew dust at them and the Quran says about these assassins "And have put
before them a barrier and behind them a barrier and covered them, so they do not see."
11. At sunrise the Pagans had, had enough wailing and upon knocking the door Hazrat All
came out which put all of them
12. When the Quraish realized that their plan of assassinating the Holy Prophet had falled,
they launched a wide search for him setting a reward of 100 she camels for whoever finds
the Holy Prophet alive or dead in shock.

13. During the travel to Medina, Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr stayed in a cave known
as Thaur for three days.
14. During their stay in the cave Thaur: Abu Bakr's son Abdullah bin Abu Bakr would
bring the news of the Quraish, His daughter, Asma would bring food for him and the Holy
Prophet
Freed slave of Abu Bakr would provide them with the fresh milk of sheep.

108
15. After staying in the cave for three days they set out to travel to Medina.
16. The Quran says "For Allah did indeed help him when the unbelievers drove him out,
he had no more than one com panion. They were two in the cave and he said to his
companion, have no fear Allah is with us."
17. The Holy Prophet arrived in Quba, a place near Yasrib, on 23rd September 622AD,
after six days of trave
18. He stayed in Quba for 14 days and built Islam's first mosque.
19. The Prophet actively participated in the construction of the mosque and Hazrat Ali
joined the Prophet in Quba
21. During the migration the Holy Prophet prayed the Friday prayer in congregation in the
quarters of Banu Saleem and gave the first Friday Sermon.

22. Meanwhile, the Ansars eagerly waited for the Holy Prophet to reach Madina.
23. When Prophet Muhammad was close to Medina the children of Medina sang "The full
moon shines down upon us from Thaniyat al Wada. We must all give our thanksgiving all
the while praising Allah; you whom Allah sends among us, what you bring, we will obey,
you have ennobled Medina, Welcome now! Guide us to His way."
24. The people of Yathrib tried waiting for the Holy Prophet for days to return to their
houses on the day the Holy Prophet arrived in Medina.
25. First person to see nim was a Jew thus fuifiling the prophecy in the Torah.

26. People of Medina cheered and sang on the arrival of the Holy Prophet to Medina and
enthusiastically invited the Prophet to stay at their place.
27. People grabbed the haier of the camel for this reason. Prophet Muhammad asked them
to let it go. "Let it go its own way, it is under orders."
28. Eventually the camel came to a stop in front of the house of Banu Malik Ibn al-Najjar.
29. The camel kneit at a place which belonged to two orphan boys of Banu-Najjar.

30. The Holy Propnet paid the price of the land and built the mosque of the prophet which
is known as Masjid-al-Nabvi
31. Holy Prophet stayed at the place of Abu Ayub Al Ansan till the Masjid and his family
quarters were built.

ANSWER:
The delegation from Yasrib that came to pledge to the Holy Prophet, known as the second
pledge of Aqabah invited Muhammad (pbuh) to Yasrib. Mutim ibn Adi, Chief of Banu

109
Nawfil who had given protection to the Prophet, died and so Prophet agreed to the offer of
protection from people of Yathrib. When the Makkans found out about the plans of the
Holy Prophet, they increased the persecution tenfold hence the companions had to migrate
to Medina in secret. In the last Abu Bakr, All, and Prophet Muhammad were left in Makkah
and the pagans planned to kill the messenger of Allah. They met in their courcil Hall, Dar-
un-Nadwa, and plotted to kill the Holy Prophet by selecting one person from each tribe for
attacking the messenger of Allah at the same tinie. They did this so that Banu Hashim
would later not be able to take revenge as taking revenge from all tribes would be
impossible.
.With divine revelation of Allah, "Remember how the unbelievers plotted against thee, to
keep thee in bonds or sy thee, or get thee out (of the home) they plot and plan, and Allah
too plana. But the best of planners is Allah." Prochet Munammad left in the middle of the
night with Abu Bakr to migrate to Yasrib while All slept in the prophet's bed for the night.
Prophet Muhammad requested Hazrat All to return people's belongings that the Holy
Prophet would keep safe for them to the respective people and then join him in Medina
When the Holy Prophet stepped outside his house, the enemies had gathered to kill him,
the Prophet threw dust at them and the Quran says about these assassins, "And we have put
before them a barrier and behind them a barrier and covered them, so they do not see." At
sunrise the Pagans had enough waiting and upon knocking the door, Hazrat All came out
which put all of them in shock. When the Quraish realized that their plan of assassinating
the Holy Prophet had failed, they launched a wide search for him setting a reward of 100
camels for whoever finds the Holy Prophet alive or dead. During the travel to Medina,
Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr stayed in a cave known as Thaur for three days. While
they were in the cave, Hazrat Abu Bakar's daughter, Asma would secretly bring them food
and his son, Abdullah ibn Abubakar would keep them updated about the news of Quraish
The slave who Abubakar had freed he would bring them fresh milk of sheep.
The Quran says "For Allah did indeed help him when the unbelievers drove him out, he
had no more than one compan ion. They were two in the cave and he said to his companion,
have no fear Allah is with us." After staying in the cave for three days they set out to travel
to Medina.
The Holy Prophet arrived in Quba, a place near Yasrib, on 23rd September 622AD. after
six days of travel. He stayed in Cuba for 14 days and built islam's first mosque. The Prophet
actively participated in the construction of the mosque and hazrat Ali joined the Prophet In
Quba. After which they travelled to Medina. During the migration the Holy Prophet prayed
the Friday prayer in congregation in the quarters of Banu Saleem and gave the first Friday
Sermon.
Meanwhile the Ansars eagerly waited to the Holy Prophet to reach Medina. When Prophet
Muhammad was close to Medina the children of Medina sang. "The full moon shines down

110
upon us from Thaniyat al Wada. We must all give our thanksgiving all the while praising
Allah; you whom Allah sends among us, what you bring, we will you have ennobled
Medina. Welcome now! Guide us to His way." The first person to see him was a Jew thus
fulfilling the prophecy in the Torah. People of Medina cheered and enthusiastically invited
the Prophet to stay at their place; they grabbed the halter of the camel for this reason to
take him to their house. Prophet Muhammad asked them to let it go. "Let it go its own way,
it is under orders." Eventually the camel came to a stop in front of the house of Banu Malik
Ibn al-Najjar. The camel knelt at a place which belonged to two orphan boys of Banu-
Najjar. The Holy Prophet paid the price of the land and built the mosque of the prophet
which is known as Masjid-al-Nabwi. While the mosque was being built, the Holy Prophet
stayed at the place of Abu Ayyub Al Ansari.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF EVENTS OF PROPHET'S FIRST YEAR IN MADINA.
[10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
When Prophet Muhammad was close to Madina the children of Madina sang, "The full
moon shines down upon us from Thaniyat al Wada. We must all give our thanksgiving all
the while praising Allah; you whom Allah sends among what you bring, we will obey, you
have ennobled Madina. Welcome now! Guide us to His way." The people of Yathrib, tired
of waiting for the Holy Prophet for days, returned to their houses and on the day the Holy
Prophet arrived in Madina, the first person to see him was a Jew thus fulfilling the prophecy
in the Torah. 2. 3.People of Madina cheered and sang on the arrival of the Holy Prophet to
Madina and enthusiastically invited the Prophet to stay at their place.
4. They grabbed the halter of the camel for this reason. Propnet Muhammad asked them to
let it go. "Let it go its own way, it is under orders."

5. Eventually the camelcame to a step in front of the house of Banu Malik Ibn al-Najjar.
6.The camel knelt at a place which belonged to 2 orphan boys of Banu-Najjar, Sahil and
Suhail.

7. The Holy Prophet paid the price of the law prohet se mosque of the prophet which is
known as Masjid-al-Nabwi.
8. While the mosque was being built, the Holy Prophet stayed at the place of Abu Ayub Al
Ansari .
9. The Holy Prophet actively participated in the construction of the mosque, the Quran
says, "There is a mosque whose foundation was laid from the first day on piety; it is more
worthy of thy standing forth (for prayer) therein. In it are

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men who love to be purified, and Allah loveth those who make themselves pure."
10-Hazrat Umar suggested the system of Azan to call all the believers to the mosque at the
time of the prayer.
11. Dream of Abdullah-bin-Zaid and Hazrat Umar
12-Bilal be taught these words (Adhan)

13. The first Muazzin appointed was Hazrat Bilal.

14. Since the migration of the Makkan Muslims to Madina, two types of categories of
Muslims developed in Madina. one was the Muhajirin, the Muslims who migrated from
Makkah the other were Ansar who were from Madina and gave shelter, food, water, and
support to the Muhajirin.
15. In order to create a community amongst the Muslims, Prophet Muhammad formed the
brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar.
16. "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And
remember the favor of Allah upon you when you were enemies and He brought your hearts
together and you became, by His favor, brothers." (Surah Al-Imran 3:103).
17. Muhajirin came empty handed, left all their belongings in Makkah.
18. Prophet asked who would help these Muhajirin, Ansars came forward and pairing was
done.
19. "Those who belleve and adopted exile, and fought for the faith, with their property, and
their persons, in the cause of Allah, as well as those who gave them asylum and aid, these
are (all) friends and protector of one another."
20. As a result of the brotherhood even the enmity between the tribes of Madina; Aus and
Khazraj was dissolved.
21 Quran says "... remember with gratitude Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies and
He joined your hearts in love, so that by His grace you became brothers."

22. At the time of the Prophet (pbuh) there were three Jewish tribes: Banu anuga, Banu
Nazir, and Banu Quraiza.
23. They were settled in the suburban area of Madina each in their own strong fortress.

24. When the Holy Prophet arrived in Maaina, he held a meeting with Jews and the
Muslims in which an agreement was made about the social structure of Madina.
25. The agreement that was made by the Jews and Muslims was that: Neither of the sides
would interfere in each other's religion,

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Each party had the right to practice their religion fully, anywhere, Neither side would attack
or oppress the other,

•In the case of an attack on Madina Jews and Muslims would both defend them as allies,
This guaranteed the freedom of worship, protection of life, and property,
•Included in this Treaty was also this that Prophet Muhammad is the established leader and
head of the state of Madina.
26. This was known as 'Charter of Madina."

ANSWER:
When Prophet Muhammad was close to Madina the children of Madina sang "The full
moon shines down upon us from Thaniyat al Wada. We must all give our thanksgiving all
the while praising Allah; you whom Allah sends among us, what you bring, we will obey,
you have ennobled Madina. Welcome now! Guide us to His way." The people of Yathrib,
tired of waiting for the Holy Prophet for days, returned to their houses and on the day the
Holy Prophet arrived in Madina, the first person to see him was a Jew, thus fulfilling the
prophecy in the Torah. People of Madina cheered and sang on the arrival of the Holy
Prophet to Madina and enthusiastically invited the Prophet to stay at their place, they
grabbed the halter of the camel for this reason. Prophet Muhammad asked them to let it go.
"Let it go its own way, it is under orders." Even tually the camel came to a stop in front of
the house of Banu Malik Ibn al-Najjar. The camel knelt at a place which belonged.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

to two orphan boys of Banu-Najjar, Sahli and Sulsall. The Holy Prophet paid the price of
the land and built the mosque of theprophet which is known as Masjid-al-Nabwl. While
the mosque was being built, the Holy Prophet stayed at the place of Abu Ayub Al Ansari.
The Holy Prophet actively participated in the construction of the mosque, the Quran says,
"there is a mosque whose foun dation was laid from the first day on plety. It is more worthy
of thy standing forth (for prayer) therein. In it are men who love to be purified, and Allah
loveth those who make themselves pure." Hazrat Umar suggested the system of Azan to
call all the believers to the mosque at the time of the prayer, it was a dream of Abdullah bir
Zaid and Hazrat Urnar. Hazrat Bilal was taugh these words of call to prayer and he became
first Muezzin appointed for it Since the migration of the Makkan Muslines to Madina, two
types of categories of Muslims developed in Madira; une was the Muhajirin, the Muslims
who migrated from Makkah, leaving all their belongings behind and the other were Ansar
who were from Madina and gave shelter, food, water, and support to the Muhajirin.
Allah (SWT) says, "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become
divided. And remember the favour of Allah upon you-when you were enemies and He
brought your hearts together and you became, by His favour, brothers." (Surah Al-Imran

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3:103). In order to create a community amongst the Muslims, Prophet Muhammad formed
the brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar in the following words, "Those who
believe and adopted exile, and fought for the faith, with their property, and their persons,
in the cause of Allah, as well as those who gave them asylum and aid, these are (all) friends
and protector of one another." As a result of the brotherhood even the enmity between the
tribes of Madina, Aus and Khazraj was dissolved and about this Quran says, "... remember
with grati tude Allah's favour upon you, for you were enemies and He joined your hearts
in love, so that by His grace you became brothers."

At the time of the Prophet (pbuh) there were three Jewish tribes; Banu Qainuqa, Banu
Nazir, and Banu Quraiza which were settled in the suburban area of Madina each in their
own strong fortress. When the Holy Prophet arrived in Madina, he held a meeting with
Jews and the Muslims in which an agreement was made about the social structure of
Madina. It is called the Charter of Madina'. The agreement that was made by the Jews and
Muslims was that neither of the sides would interfere in each other's religion, each party
had the right to practice their religion fully anywhere, neither side would attack or oppress
the other, and in the case of an attack on Madina Jews and Muslims would both defend
them as alles This guaranteed the freedom of worship, protection of life, and property.
Included in this Treaty was also this that Prophet Muhammad is the established leader and
head of the state of Madina.

A. WRITE DOWN THE BROTHERHOOD THAT DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE

NEW COMMUNITY OF MUSLIMS IN MADINAH. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Muhajirin were the people who migrated from Makkah to Madinah and needed help.
2. Ansar were the people who helped the Muhajirin.
3.when Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) along with other muslims migrated to Madina from
Makkha one of the best part was the relationship developed between Muhajirin and Ansar,
known as Mawakhat.
4.Allah (SWT)says, "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become
divided. And remember the baver of Allah upon you-when you were enemies and He
brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers." (Surah Al-Imran
3:103)

5.Muhajri travelled to Madinan because they were brutally tormented by the hands of the
Quraish in Makkah.
6. Muslims gave up their lives and riches in the way of Islam.

7. Some of the Muhajirin moved to Madinah by leaving their families and property behind

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8. During the conquest of Makkah, Holy Prophet forbade the Muhajirin from taking any of
their property back which they left for Hijrat

9. The title, Muhajir, was only for other Muslims who migrated and not for Holy Prophet.
10. Holy Prophet stated that Muhajir will surely earn benefits in these words, "Those who
believed and those who suffered exile and fought in the path of Allah, they have the hope
of the mercy of Allah."
11. Ansar were the God-fearing and humble people who highly regarded Holy Prophet
12 The title, Ansar-un-Nabi was given to the people of Madinah, in order to separate the
two groups.
13. The Quran states about the Ansar, "But those who before them had homes (in Madinah)
and had adopted the faith, showed their affection to such as some of them for refuge and
entertain no desire in their hearts for things given to the latter but give them preference
over themselves even though poverty was their (own lot)."
14. Holy Prophet was the one who created this brotherhood between Muhajirin and Ansar.

15. He gathered in Anas house after five months of migration and told the Ansar about the
condition of Muhajirin, that they have no money and no place to live.
16. Holy Prophet designated ninety Muslims, forty-five from both the groups as brothers,

17. The basic reason behind this brotherhood was to provide shelter and money for the
Muhajirin, as they get mentally and financially stable and can survive.

18. The basis for making brothers was after scrutinizing both the parties and their interest
and the two with sim ests were made brothers, for instance Salman bin Farsi and Abu Darda
as well as Mus'ab and Abu Ayyub.

19. The essence of this brotherhood was that all the Ansar brothers will provide sheher to
the Muhajirin, share their legacy as well as work with each other.
20. The Muhajirin always said that, "The Ansar brothers gave us accommodation and
subsistence."
21 Muhajirin also worked hard and stood on their feet instead of just depending on the
Ansar brothers

22. One of the example of the brotherow in terms of money saved half of my brother. Abdur
Rahman bin Ah that -1 am the richest of all Muslims of Madinah in terms of money. I
saved half of my wealth for you!"

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23. On receiving this proposal, Abdur Rahman bin Awf replied, "May God make your
wealth auspicious for you! I do not need it. The greatest favor you can do to me is to show
me the way to the bazaar where you do shopping."
24. Later, Sa'ad bin Rabi took his brother to the bazaar Qainuqa, where Abdur Rahman
bought cheese and oil and started selling and became better off after some time.

25. Many of the people from Makkah started earning by working on various jobs, such as
Abu Baker who earned by farming.
26. Holy Prophet made Hazrat Ali R.A his brother and said, "You are my brother in this
world and in the hereafter."

ANSWER:
When Holy Prophet became the messenger and started spreading the message of Allah to
people, the hypocrites started tormenting him and other Muslims who embraced Islam.
After being brutally tortured, Muslims travelled to Madinah In Madinah, Holy Prophet
developed a relationship between the people of Madinah and the people of Makkah, called
the brotherhood or Mawakhat. The two groups between which the brotherhood was made,
were Muhajirin and Ansar.
"And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And
remember the favour of Allah upon you-when you were enemies and He brought your
hearts together and you became, by His favour, brothers." (Surah Al-Imran 3:103)
Muhajirin were the people who migrated to the city of Madinah after being brutally tortured
in the hands of enemies of Islam. They followed Holy Prophet and some travelled with
him, some before him and some after him. Holy Prophet himself was not called Muhajirin
but the other Muslims were. These people left their properties, families, households etc. in
the name of Islam. They had nothing with them when they enter Madinah. As Holy prophet
said that they will receive their benefit and mercy from Allah, as they did not even take
their things back from people during the conquest of Makkah, since they were forbidden
by Holy Prophet. Holy Prophet said about them, "Those who believed and those who
suffered exile and fought in the path of Allah, they have the hope of the mercy of Allah.

On the other hand, Ansar were the people of Madinah who helped the Muhajirin and
provided them with shelter, shared their property with them and worked with them. Holy
Prophet gave them the name of Ansar-un-Nabi in order to separate them from the
Muhajirin. The Quran says about them, "But those who before them had homes (in
Madinah) and had adopt the faith, showed their affection to such as some of them for refuge
and entertain no desire in their for things given to the latter but give them preference over
themselves even though poverty was their (own lot)."

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Holy Prophet was the one who made them the brothers and created this blessed
relationship. He invited all the people after five months had passed of their migration in
the house of Anas and explained the Ansar about the difficult situation of Muhajirin. He
decided to establish brotherhood between ninety Muslims, with forty-five from each group.
The sole purpose for this relationship was to improve the conditions of the Muhajirin and
get them financially and mentally stable. Moreover, the brothers were made after closely
examining both the groups and making those people brothers from both groups, who had
somewhat similar interests, for instance, Salman bin Farsi and Abu Darda as well as Mus'ab
and Abil Ayyub. Holy Prophet made Hazrat Ali R.A his brother and said, "You are my
brother in this world and in the hereafter."
Muhajirin always said these words for their Ansar brothers, "The Ansar brothers gave us
accommodation and subsist ence." However, Muhajirin themselves worked hard and
became stable by not only depending on the Ansar, but also doing the work themselves. As
in one example, Ansar Sa'ad bin Rabi offered his Muhajir brother, Abdur Rahman bin Awf
that, "I am the richest of all Muslims of Madinah in terms of money. I saved half of my
wealth for you!" On listening to this offer, Abdur Rehman bin Awf replied, "May God
make your wealth auspicious for you! I do not need it. The greatest favour you can do to
me is to show me the way to the bazaar where you do shopping." Next day, the Ansar
brother took his Muhajir brother to the market Qainuga and Abdur Rehman bin Awl
purchased cheese and oil and started a business. After some time, his financial position got
better. Like him, there were many Muhajirs who got themselves jobs and started earning
money. Abu Bakar started earning by farming. Moreover, Holy Prophet made Hazrat Ali
R.A his brother and said, "You are my brother in this world and in the hereafter."

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

B. WHAT LESSONS CAN MUSLIMS LEARN FROM THE BROTHERHOOD
THAT WAS CREATED IN MADINAH?
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Muslims can learn to be open hearted and accept other people in their lives

2. Sacrifice for the sake of Allah and islam,

3. Brotherhood also tells Muslims to be helpful and useful to each other
4. It tells Muslims to help each other financially

5. It also tells us to let go all the luxury items and connect with each other spiritually
6. They live with each other together and in unity.

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ANSWER:
Physical and financial needs are vital to survive in the world we live in therefore taking
into consideration the brotherhood created in Madina, it is our duty as well to help people
in our community who are less fortunate to promote brotherhood and tranquillity in the
society. They can be present for each other in good as well as bad times and prove to be
useful to each other. An essential lesson to be learnt is that it is alright to allow others to
be part of their lives. Moreover, it guides Muslims not to keep accumulating wealth and to
stop running after luxuries. They should stay happy in whatever they have. Muslims should
have such a heart that whenever required they can sacrifice their belongings and luxuries
for the sake of Islam and for their Muslims brothers and sisters in need. Brotherhood
promotes equality and unity and motivates them to live happily and think about each other.

A. DESCRIBE THE MAIN EVENTS OF BATTLE OF BADR. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Battle of Badr was fought in 624 AD/2nd AH between, the Muslims and the Quraish of
Makkah
2. Relations between the Muslims and the Makkans were tense as under the instructions of
the Holy Prophet, Muslims taken over some of the trade routes of the Quraish.

3. This not only enraged the Quraish but made them fearful for an ambush attack by the
Muslims in which they could lose their precious products in the caravan.

4. Suspicious of the Muslims interest, Abu Sufyan waited at the well of Bad: whilst he sent
a messenger to Makkah request ing an army to escort him and the caravan back safely to
Makkah.

5. Quraish displeased with Madinites for giving shelter to Prophet and companions
6. Asked them to hand Muslims over, Madinites refused.
7. Makkans contacted Jews and hypocrites for help

8. Makkans were jealous of growing power of Holy Prophet.

9. Makkans clearly stated raiding outskirts of Madina, cutting trees and killing or stealing
cattle.

10. Prophet stated sending parties to patrol outskirts and once a fight started with the
Quraish and a member of Quraish was killed (incident of Makkah)
11. The Prophet had given no such permission to kill

12. This incident made Quraish angrier and they wanted revenge

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13. Prophet decided to threaten Quraish caravans who passed through Madina to disturb
their economy

14. Prophet made allies with Bedouin tribes to deny Quraish safe routes for trade and sent
parties to watch the caravans
15. Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was a great enemy of Islam

16. Coming back from Syria with large trading caravan

17. Prophet decided to interrupt the caravan
1. He sent message to Abu Jahi to return but he wanted to fight

2.300 men from Quraish didn't think it was necessary to fight as caravan reached safely so
they left
3. 1000 men stayed with Abu Jahl
4.17th Ramazan, 2-A.H Battle started
5. Quraish camped in valley near Badr
6. Prophet camped on opposite side of enemy

7. As per a companions suggested, moved near the springs of Badr (more suitable) 8. Allah
(SWT) says, "If you believe in Allah and what we sent down on our servant on the Day of
distinguishing, the day the two hosts met."(Surah Al-Anfal 8:41) 9. Both armies were
heavily mismatched
8.The Muslims were only 313 men whereas the Quraish were an army of 1000 men .

9. The Muslims army was badly ill equipped; they only had 2 horses and 70 camels whereas
the Quraish army had.
10 horses and 700 camels.

11. The ground was sandy.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

13 .it rained the night before the battle began, smoothing the ground, giving the advantage
to the Muslims. The Quran szis "He sent down water from heaven... to confirm your feet"
14 .The entire night before the battle the Holy Prophet prayed to Allah for victory, "O Allah
if this small band ef men perish there will be no one alive to worship you, and your faith
will be destroyed forever"

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 15. Allah accepted Prophet Muhammad's prayer and in reply said, "When you sought aid
from your Lord, He answered you: I will surely assist you with a thousand of the angels
ranks on ranks"
16 The battle began on Friday 17th Ramadan, 2AH/624 AD .
17. Solo combat took place.

18. started when Hazrat Hamza killed the disbeliever Al Aswad bin Abu Saad (first person
to step up from the Makars side onto the battlefield)
19. Following which the duels took place.

20 in which Hamza killed Utba,

21. All killed Waleed bin Utba
22 Hamza and Ali assisted Ubaidah bin Harris in killing his opponent Shaiba
23. Hazrat Ubaidah was the first to be martyred from the side of the Muslims Under the
instructions of the Holy Prophet the Muslims first shot arrows, then threw stones and lastly
fought with swords the Makkans

25. During the battle Hanzala bin Abu Sufyan was killed by Hazrat Ali
26 Hazrat All killed Tuaima Bin Adi with his spear saying, "You shall not dispute with us
in God after today"

27. Hazrat Bilal killed Umayya bin Khalaf, his former master.
28 Abu Jahl was injured by two Muslim brothers Mu'az and Ma'wuz and was killed by
Abdullah bin Masud
29. The following companions formed a ring around the Holy Prophet to defend him; Abu
Bakr, Abdur Rahman bin Auf,Talha and some other companions

30. As the battle reached its peaked, Prophet Muhammad blew some dust in the eyes of the
enemy and said "May your face be disfigured"
31. Following this a sandstorm ripped through Badr and the Quran talks about it in the
following verses "It was not you who slew them it was Allah: when you thrust (handful of
dust) was not your act but Allah's..."
32. The Makkans fled from the field leaving a heavy amount of booty behind

33. Ouraish lost 140 men; 70 men died in the battle and 70 were captured
34. Amongst the Prisoners captured was the uncle of the Prophet, Abbas
35. Hazrat Ali's brother Aqeel

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36. Prophet's son in law Abdul Aas .
37 .14 Muslims were martyred; 6 Muhajirin and 8 Ansar.

38 Prophet Muhammad treated the prisoners very fairly by setting simple terms of
conditions in order for them to be free
39.Prisoners who could pay, paid a ransom in order to be free.

40. Literate prisoners were freed after a certain period of time during which they each
taught 10 Muslims .
41. Old and poor were set free without any conditions.

ANSWER:
in 624 AD/ 2nd AH the first battle between the Muslims and the Quraish of Makkah was
fought known as the Battle of Badt. After migration to Madine the relations between the
Muslims and the Makkans became fragile, more than ever. Prophet Muhammad had taken
control over some of the Quraish trade routes which enraged and made them fear for the
loss of precious products, in case of any ambush by the Muslims. For this reason, Abu
Sufyan, when passing from Madina, as the Muslims were waiting for the caravan near the
wells of Badr, sent a messenger to ask for help people in Makkah. An army of 1300 men
under Abu Jahl came to escort the caravan of Abu Sufyan back to Makkah in response to
Abu Sufyan's plea for help. Whilst the army approached Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah
safely from another route and asked the army to come back, however some leaders thought
this was a good opportunity to attack the Muslims and so 1000 men stayed to fight the
Muslims.
When the messenger of Allah became aware of the Makkan army advancing towards Badr
and encamping there, the Prophet consulted his companions and raised an army of 313 men
and camped at Badr near some wells. "If you believe in Allah and what we sent down on
our servant on the Day of distinguishing, the day the two hosts met "(Surah Al-Anfal 8:41)
Both the armies were heavily mismatched, the Muslims were only 313 men whereas the
Quraish were an army of 1000 men. On top of that the Muslims army was badly ill
equipped; they only had 2 horses and 70 camels whereas the Quraish army had 200 horses
and 700 camels. The battle ground was sandy and not firm however, the night before the
battle, it rained, making the ground smooth giving the advantage to the Muslims, the Quran
says, "He sent down water from heaven... to confirm your feet."

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

The battle took place on the day of 17th Ramadan, 2AH/624 AD, on Friday morning. Both
armies arranged themselves in ranks and the battle began when Al Aswad bin Abu Saad,
the first person to step to the battleheld from the disbeliever's side was killed by Hamza.

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Following which the duels took place in which Hamza killed Utba, All killed Waleed bin
Utba and then they both assisted Ubaidah bin Harris in killing his opponent Shaiba. Hazrat
Ubaidah from the side of the Muslims was the first to be martyred in this battle.
The battle began after this and following the Holy Prophet's instruction the Muslims first
shot arrows, then threw stones at the Makkan men and lastly fought with swords. During
the battle Hanzala bin Abu Sufyan was killed by Hazrat All follow ing which Hazrat Ali
killed Tuaima Bin Adi with his spear saying, "You shall not dispute with us in God after
today." Hazrat Bilal killed Umayya bin Khalaf, his former master who mercilessly tortured
him. Abu Jahl was injured by two Muslim brothers Mu'az and Ma'wuz and was killed by
Abdullah bin Masud. Abu Bakr, Abdur Rehman bin Auf, Talha and some other
companions formed a ring around the Holy Prophet to defend him. As the battle peaked.
Prophet (pbuh) took a handful dust and threw it at the faces of the pagans saying. "May
your face be disfigured" which created a sandstorni and the Quran says about this in the
following verses "It was not you who slew them it was Allah: when you thrust (handful of
dust) was not your act but Allah's.." The Makkans fled in a state of fear and confusion
suffering heavy losses of, 70 dead and 70 captured by the Muslims. The Muslims captured
a lot of booty which was distributed amongst the Muslims. Among the prisoners that were
captured was the uncle of the Prophet Abbas, Hazrat Ali's brother Aqeel and Prophet son
in law Abdui Aas. On the Muslims side 14 men were martyred. 6 Muhajirin and 8 Ansar.
Prophet Muham mad's hospitality to the captured Makkans was surprising for the Muslims
and it set a precedent of how to treat prisoners. He set most of the prisoners free on simple
and fair terins and conditions. The ones who could pay were freed after they paid a certain
amount of ransom, the literate prisoners were freed after a certain period of time during
which they each taught 10 Muslims and the old and poor were set free without any
conditions.

A. WRITE AN ACCOUNT ON THE EVENT OF BATTLE OF UHAD. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Islam gained importance after the Battle of Badr, it was the 3rd year of Hijrah

2.The people of Quraish became conscious that they lose their power and importance
because of the significam rise of Madinah.
3. Quraish were furious since they lost few of their heads in the Battle of Bad; as they were
defeated by the Muslims and they wanted to take vengeance. Nazir Jewish tribe's Ka'ab bin
Ashraf visited Makkah to pay his condolences to the Quraish about the death of
5. The members of Jewish tribes provoked the Quraish to avenge the Musilms, by writing
songstheir heads.

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6. Abu Sufyan, who was defeated during the battle along with his team, met with the Banu
Nazir tribe and made them promise to help them against the Muslims.

7. He vowed not to take bath until he took revenge. 8. It was decided to collect money and
raise an army to fight and other tribes were also called to join them in this mission.
9. An army of three thousand men was raised and they left for Madinah in 3 A.H/ 625 A.D

10. Women also accompanied: Hind (Abu Sufyan's Wite), Umm Hakeem (Abu Jahal's
granddaughter). Fatima
11. On the other hand, majority of the companions of Holy Prophet believed that they
should move out of Madinah to fight the people of Quraish and they presented their
opinions when Holy Prophet asked them(Khalid-bin-Walid's sister)
12. Holy Prophet believed otherwise, but he did not object the majority opinion.

13. The Quraish encamped near the Uhad mountain, three miles away from Madinah.
14. One of the companions, who was the head of the hypocrites, Abdullah bin Ubbay, left
the Muslims in the middle with his three hundred men, saying that Holy Prophet refused
his opinion of fighting in the city.
15. The Holy Prophetwas left with seven hundred men.
16. Muslim women also participated

17. Aisha, Umm Salamah & Umm Ammer, Provided water to wounded soldiers, washed
and dressed their wounds

18. Prophet gathered all companions (Abu Bakar, Umar, Usman, Ali)
19. Abdullah bin Ubbay also participated
20. Prophet did ijma, this is true democracy

21. Prophet put an opinion forward to fight in Madina

22. Prophet also told why he had this opinion because he had a dream.
23. Most of the young companions who could not participate in Badr wanted to fight
outside Madina
24. Both armies settled at Uhad
25. Most beloved mountain to Prophet

26. The Muslims encamped near the hill of Uhad.

27. Muslims camped on rising ground with mount Uhad behind.

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28. Advantage: Difficult for Quraish army to approach.
29. Holy Prophet sent fifty archers to protect the Muslims from behind and also protect the
Uhad hill pass, under the Commandment of Abdullah bin Jubair.
30. Archers were given orders not to desert their place in any situation
31. On the other hand, Quraish was the one who initiated the fight

32. Initially, individual soldiers were sent by Quraish.

33. Muslims bravely defended under the leadership of Holy Prophet
34. Several Quraish men were defeated and killed, some of them away, leaving a lot of
money behind.
35. Archers ran to collect the money when some men of the Quraish went away.
Seeing the opportunity, Khalid bin Waleed attacked from behind.
36. They strived to reach to the Holy Prophet
37. In this confusion, Holy Prophet was attacked on head, and he lost his tooth at that
moment, he also fell in a ochand fainted.

38. Abu Talha protected him with his own body.

39. Abdur Rehman bin Auf tried to remove the nail from one side but it didn't come out,
he tried from the other side and succeeded.

40. Hazrat Fatima tried to stop the blood flowing out from cheek
41. 41. Umayyad ibn e Kahf wearing heavy armor attacked Prophet

42. Prophet threw a spear at him, which touched and missed him. He got scared and flee
away.
43. Musab bin Umar resembled Prophet he was martyred.

44. The Quraish spread the rumor that the Messenger died in the battle.
45. Holy Prophet managed to gather his companions and motivated them to restart fighting.
46: Holy Prophet support was increasing and he was taken to a safe place.

47. Eventually, after fighting enthusiastically, both the parties decided to stop fight and go
back to their camps.
48. Abu Sufyan summoned the Holy Prophet to come to Badr next year, and the messenger
agreed.

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49. On the other hand, few women of Quraish were also there in the battlefield, including
the daughter of Utba Hinda,

the granddaughter of Abu Jahl Umm-e-Hakeem, and Khalid bin Waleed's sister Fatima.
50. Hinda avenged her father's death, who was killed by Hazrat Hamza in the battle of Badr
51. Wahshi was hired by Hinda to kill Hazrat Hamza.

52. His corpse was mutilated by Hinda, and she tried to chew his liver out of anger for her
father, Utba's death.
53. In the battle of Uhad, forty Muslims were wounded and seventy were martyred.

54. On the other hand, thirty Quraish men were killed.

55. Holy Quran stated about the battle of Uhad and said, "Allah did indeed fulfill His
promise to you, when ye, with His permission, were about to annihilate your enemy, until
ye flinched and fell to disputing about the order and disobeyed
it after He brought in sight (of the booty) which ye covet. Among you are some that hanker
after this world and some that desire the Hereafter---," (3:152)wher this world and some
56. The Quran also states, "Those of you who turned back on day two hosts met, it was
Saton who caused them to tail,that desire
57. Another of the verse mentioned in the Guren the leave of Allah, in order that He might
test the Believers."stated,
58. "What ye suffered on the day the twe armies met, was with 56 Quraish when going
back reached Abwa
59. There they realized that they had not achieved anything from the war, neither Prophet
was killed for the senior com panions and neither they were able to capture Madina, so they
decided to attack again
60. When Prophet learnt about this, he ordered Muslims who fought in Uhad to get ready
again and left to chase the Quraish

61. Abdullah bin Ubbay also wanted to join but the Prophet refused him as he deserted the
Muslims in Uhad and told him he was no longer needed.
62.A Quraishi spy came to Prophet's camp to inquire about what Muslims were up to and
their thoughts.
63. Prophet asked him the situation of the Quraish to which he replied that they are ready
to attack

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 64. When the Muslims heard about this, rather than getting scared it is narrated that they
shouted Allah Hu Akbar and their spirit and desire to fight the Quraish increased.

65. This scared the spy and he went back and told this to Abu Sufyan which made them
fee back to Makkah

ANSWER:
Due to the victorious result for the Muslims in the battle of Badr, Islam gained a solid
ground in Madina and value of Madina gradually increased. The political strengthening of
Madina worried the Makkans and they not only felt threatened for their political and
commercial interest but also felt humiliated by the loss at battle of Badr. Moreover, they
wanted to avenge the deaths of their leaders. Some Jews like Ka'ab bin Ashraf of the Jewish
tribe of Banu Nazir in the aftermath of the battle travelled to Makkah from Madina to join
in mourning for those Quraish that were killed in the battle. The Jews. and other factions
in Makkah wrote poems on battle of Badr to provoke the Quraish in waging another war
on the Muslims.
These Jews were welcomed by Abu Sufyan, who was the commander of the Quraish army
in the battle of Badr and the Jews promised to help and support the Quraish when the
Quraish would seek vengeance for their losses in the battle Badr. Abu Sufyan vowed not
to take bath until he took revenge. In order to form a new arthy, the Makkans hed sever
meetings to collect funds, invited other tribes to join the war against the Muslims, raise an
army and organize mass amounts of weaponry. Women also accompanied - Hind (Abu
Sufyan's wife), Umm Hakeem (Abu Jahal's granddaug Fatima (Khalid-bin-Walid's sister.
Eventually the Makkans raised a heavily equipped army of three thousand men and they
began moving towards Madina. Upon hearing the news of the movement of a Makkan
army, the Holy Prophet con sulted his companions, the majority consensus was to meet the
Makkan army outside of Madina and although the Prophet (pbuh) did not agree with the
plan he went along with it due to the majority consensus to one pian. The Muslims gathered
an army of 1000 men.
Three miles to the north of Madina the Quraish camped at a foot hill. On the way to meet
the Quraish Abdullah bin Ubbay the leader of the hypocrites, excused himself and 300 men
from the Muslim army by giving the reason to the Holy Prophet that he did not agree with
his suggestion of fighting the enemy from inside Madina. With 700 Muslim men the Holy
Prophet reached Uhad and set up a camp on the mount of Uhuc itself. This made it difficult
for the Quraysh army to approach. Muslim women also participated which included Aisha,
Umm Salamah & Umm Ammer who provided water to wounded washed and dressed their
wounds
Following the instructions of the Holy Prophet, fifty archers under Abdulla bin Jubair
protected the pass in the Uhad Mountains and defended the Muslims from any possible

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attack from behind, the Muslim army was given strict order by the Holy Prophet to not
leave their assigned post under any circumstance.

Along with the army of Quraish came some women from Makkah to seek vengeance.
Hinda, the daughter of Utba, who was killed in the battle of Badr, Umm-e-Hakeem, the
granddaughter of Abu Jahl, who was also killed in the Battle of Badr, and Fatima, the sister
of Khalid bin Waleed. The battle began in full fury, the first attack was by the Quraish and
the Muslims were dominating the battlefield, they killed a few and injured many warriors
of the enemy army. When the Muslims saw the pagans fleeing from the battlefield and
leaving a great amount of booty behind, the Muslims left their post to collect the booty
thinking that the war was over. The head of the enemy army Khalid bin Waleed saw a hole
in the defense of the Muslims and attacked from behind with full force, this left the
Muslims in a state of confusion.
Musab bin Umar who resembled Prophet was killed and the enemy raised the cry that the
Prophet had been The fueled the confusion on the battlefield causing some Muslims to fee.
The Quraish were also able to ameck the Holy Prophet. As a result the Prophet (PBUH)
was wounded on the head and cheek, lost his teeth and fell in a ditch Abu Tah defended
him. Abdur Rehman bin Auf tried to remove the nail from one side but it didn't come out,
he tried from the other tide and succeeded. At the same time, Hazrat Fatima tried to stop
the flowing out from the wounded chiwek. Umayyad Ibn Kahf too, wearing heavy armor
attacked Prophet. The Prophet threw a spear at him, which touched arid nanowy missed
him. He got scared and fled.
Prophet Muhammad called back his companions, when they saw their leader standing firm
and fearlessly, they returned With more support from the companions, some companions
moved Messenger of Allah to well-protected area at the foot of the mountain. The battle
now became less one sided and the Muslims returned with a new spirit of fighting.
However, the battle began to die down as both sides got very exhausted and both armies
began to leave. While leaving the battlefield Abu Sufyan challenged the Holy Prophet to
another battle the following year in Badr which Prophet Muhammad accepted In the battle
of Uhad the Muslims lost 70 brothers and 40 of them were injured whereas only 30 people
were killed on the Makkan side Hazrat Hamza, the uncle of the Prophet (pbuh) was killed
by a slave hired by Hinda, wife of Abu Sufyan Hinda mutilated the corpse of Hamza and
she tried to chew his liver to avenge the death of her father, Utta, who died at the hands of
during the battle of Badr. After this battle for the very first time, Muslim ladies went to the
batterien to give water and treat the injuries of the warriors.

Allah says. "Those of you who turned back on the day the two hosts met, it was Satan who
caused them to fail..." About this battle the Quran also says, "Allah did indeed fulfil His
Promise to you, when ye with His permission were about to annihilate your enemy, until
ye flinched and fell to disputing about the order and disobeyed it after He brought in sight

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(of the booty) which ye covet. Among you are some that hanker after this world and some
that desire the Hereafter..."

Quraish on the way back reached at Abwa and there they realized that they had not achieved
anything from me war, neither Prophet was killed nor the senior companions and neither
they were able to capture Madina, so they decided to attack again. When Prophet learnt
about this, he ordered Muslims who fought in Uhad to get ready again and left to chase the
Quraish. Abdullah bin Ubbay also wanted to join but the Prophet refused him as he deserted
the Muslims in Uhad and told him he was no longer needed. A Quraishi spy came to
Prophet's camp to inquire about what Muslims were up to and their thoughts. Prophet asked
him the situation of the Quraish to which he replied that they are ready to attack. When the
Muslims heard about this, rather than getting scared it is narrated that they shouted Allah
Hu Akbar and their spirit and desire to fight the Quraish increased. This scared the spy and
he went back and told this to Abu Sufyan which made them flee back to Makkah.
LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF KHANDAQ (TRENCH). [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. This battle was fought in 627 A.D/5 A.H.

2. After the incident of harassment of the Muslim woman after Battle of Badr, Banu Nazir
was exiled, and they wanted to take revenge from the Muslims.

3. The Quraish were losing their importance after Battle of Badr and Uhad.
4. Their economic routes were ruled over by the Muslims.
5. Huyayy bin Akhtab
6. Quraish and Banu Nazir joined hands to avenge their defeat.
7. The Ghatafan and other tribes also came with them.
8. Holy Prophet was informed about this situation from the people of Banu Khuza.

9. According to Abu Sufyan's challenge Prophet with 1500 men waited for Quraish at Badr
for eight days but they didn't come
10. This provoked Quraish

11. They thought due to victory of Uhad they could wipe out the Muslims with ease
12. From Khaybar's tribe of Banu Nadir, Huyayy bin Akhtab, who planned to kill the
Prophet in 625AD, year of battle ofUhad, went to Abu Sufyan in Mecca and instigated him
further towards fighting the Muslims together.

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13. He went to Banu Ghatafan, Banu Thaqeef, Banu Salaim, Banu Salim, Banu Fazara,
Ahabish etc. to gather army against Muslims.

14. This is why this battle is known as Battle of Ahzab (driven from Hiz)
15. The enemy raised an army of ten thousand men to attack Muslims.
16. Holy Prophet discussed the situation with his friends and family.

17. During the discussions, Salman Bin Farsi gave the idea of digging a trench so the
pagans cannot enter the city of Madinah.
18. Three hundred Muslims volunteered in digging the trench with very little food supplies.

19. The non-followers stayed outside Madinah for 27 days as they could not enter.
20. Allah (SWT) says, "Remember when they came at you from above you and from below
you, and when eyes shifted in fear, and hearts reached the throats and you assumed about
Allah various assumptions. There the believers were tested and shaken with a severe
shaking." (Surah Al-Ahzab33:10-11)
tested

21. When enemy reached, they were surprised as they had never encountered a trench and
were confused how to cross and fight, so they camped there. 22. For few days nothing
happened between the two sides except few people tried to cross it e.g. Amr ibn Bud,
Ikrima bin Abu Jahl, few other who died as Muslims attacked and chased them away
23. Ikrima managed to go back safely. Amr ibn Bud was killed by Hazrat All, Nautil killed
by Zubair bin Awwam, rest were killed
24 This is the only war in which Prophet and his companions were not able to pray as they
had to guard the trench from the enemy and later prayed Oaza.

25. Huyayy bin Akhtab was told by Abu Sufyan to go talk to Banu Ouraiza, guarding
Madina from the back side, to let them enter and so he went to visit their leader Ka'b bin
Asad.

26. Ka'b bin Asad agreed to join hands with the pagans and allowed the enemy to breach
through and broke their treaty with the Prophet. 27. The news reached the Prophet timely
and he sent a Muslim army to guard the city from the back.

28. Nuaym ibn Masud, an Arab head, who was admired by all the people, including
Muslims as well as all the hypocrite tribes, in discreetness visited Holy Prophet and
accepted Islam

29. He planned to instigate a rift among the enemies so that they ended the blockade of
Madinah.

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30. He was successful in doing this by telling both, Banu Quraiza and Quraish, that the
latter and the former were both going to desert each other.

31. Nuaym told Ka'b bin Asad to ask Abu Sufyan for 10 leaders of Quraish and to cut their
heads off if Quraish didn't fight with the people of Quraiza. He also told Abu Sufyan on
the other hand that Banu Quraiza will ask him for 10 of his tribe's leaders to slay them and
present them to the Prophet as a sign of loyalty and to keep their peace treaty with Muslims
intact.
32. This way he managed to create a rift among the alliances:

33. The hypocrites, the cowards they were, made excuses that they feared that their houses
are not safe, and fled to their homes.
34. Quran states, "And when a faction of them said, "O people of Yathrib, there is no
stability for you [here], so return [home]." And a party of them asked permission of the
Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are unprotected," while they were not exposed. They
did not intend except to flee." [33:13]
35. The pagans lost all their vigor when the storm came, and the weather got bad. Their
tents were blown away and their animals started to flee
36. They finally gave up.

37. The Quran describes this battle in verses, "... Remember Allah's blessing on you when
hosts came down on you (to overwhelm you): but we sent against them the hurricane and
forces ye saw not, but Allah sees all that you do (33:9)
38. Holy Prophet later penalized Banu Qurayza for their betrayal and they received the
punishment of treachery accord ing to their book, Torah, and were slain.
ANSWER:
The battle of Trench took in 627 AD/ 5 AH as the result of growing bitterness of the
Makkans against the growth and expansion of Islam and its followers. After the humiliating
defeat at Badr, narrow escape in the battle of Uhad, and the frustration of losing much of
their trade routes to the Muslims the Quraish were fuming with anger. Alongside the
Makkans the exiled Jewish tribe of Banu Nazir settled in Khyber wanted to take revenge
of their humiliation. They thought due to victory of Uhad they could wipe out the Muslims
with ease, From Khaybar's tribe of Banu Nadir, Huyayy bin Akhtat who planned to kill the
Prophet in 625AD, year of battle of had, went to Abu Sufyan in Mecca and instigated him
furmer towards fighting the Muslims together. He went to Banu Ghatafan, Banu Thaqeet,
Banu Salaim, Banu Salim, Ban Fazara, Ahabish etc to gather army against Muslims. The
hostility towards them made them all united against Muslims and they planned an attack.
Holy Prophet was informed about this situation from the people of Banu Khuza

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An army of 10,000 men with 600 horses and some camels was prepared in order to attack
the Muslims. When the army began so mobilize towards Madina, horsemen from Banu
Khuza travelled to Madina to warn the Holy Prophet of imminent attack of the enemy of
Islam on Madina. Acting upon the news the Holy Prophet with the consultations of the
companions, the idea of Salman al Farsi of digging a trench was implemented. The ditch
was built on the northern side of Madina where they were vulnerable from an attack, 300
Muslims helped. When the enemy reached Madina, they could not enter because of the
trenches. Following this was a 27-day siege on Madina by the Makkans. When enemy
reached, they wart Surprised as they had never encountered a trench and were confused
how to cross and fight, so they camped there. For few days nothing happened between the
two sides except few people tried to cross it e.g. Amr ibn Bud, Ikrima bin Abu Jahl, few
other who died as Muslims attacked and chased them away. Ikrima managed to go back
safely, Amr ibn Bud was killed by Hazrat Ali, Naufil killed by Zubair bin Awwam, rest
were killed. This is the only war in which Prophet and companions were not able to pray
as they had to guard the trench from the enemy and later prayed Gaza. Huyayy bin Akhtab
was told by Abu Sufyan to go talk to Banu Quraiza, guarding Madina from the back side,
to let them enter.

Ka'b bin Asad agreed to join hands with the pagans and allowed the enemy to breach
through and broke thek treaty with the Prophet. The news reached the Prophet timely and
he sent a Muslim army to guard the city from the back. During the siege, Nuaym ibn Masud,
an Arab head of Banu Ghatafan, who was admired by all the people, including Muslima
well as all the hypocrite tribes, in discreetness visited Holy Prophets and accepted Islam.
He planned to instigate ar and discord among the enemies so that they ended the blockade
of Madinah.
He was successful in doing this by telling both, Banu Quraiza and Quraish, that the latter
and the former were both going to desert each other. Nuaym suggested Ka'b bin Asad,
leader of Banu Quraiza, to ask Abu Sufyan for 10 leaders of Quraish and to cut their heads
off if Quraish didn't fight with the people of Ouraiza as he had heard that the Quraich were
planning to flee. He also told Abu Sufyan on the other hand that Banu Quraiza will not
give Quraish the way to enter the city through their forts and will ask him for 10 of his
tribe's leaders to slay them and present them to the Prophet as a sign of loyalty and to keep
their peace treaty with Muslims intact. This way he managed to create a rift among the
alliances.
The hypocrites, the cowards they were, made excuses that they feared that their houses are
not safe, and fled to their homes. The Quran says about this. "And when a faction of them
said, "O people of Yathrib, there is no stability for you [here], so return [home]." And a
party of them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, "Indeed, our houses are
unprotected," while they were not exposed. They did not intend except to flee." [33:13].
As the days passed by in the siege, the weather grew stormy and cold making it difficult to

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continue the siege on Madina for the Makkans and they withdrew in humiliation and
disgrace. Their strength diminished forever and hence came the end to the Battle of
Khandag also known as Battle of Tribes (Ahzab). About this Allah says in the Quran, "....
Remember Allah's blessing on you when hosts came down on you to overwhelm you, but
we sent against them a hurricane and forces you saw not, but Allah sees all that you do."
After the siege ended the Holy Prophet penalized Banu Qurayza for their betrayal and they
received the punishment of treachery according to their book, Torah, and were stain.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF TREATY OF HUDAIBIYYAH. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Holy Kaaba appeared in Holy Prophet sleep. 2. He decided to visit Makkah and perform
Umrah
3. Allah (SWT)says, "Certainly has Allah showed to His Messenger the vision in truth.
You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in safety, with your heads shaved
and (hair) shortened, not tearing (anyone). He knew what you did not know and has
arranged before that a conquest near at hand)." (Surah Al-Fath48:27)
4. Holy Prophet left Madinah to perform Umrah, with fourteen Hundred men, wearing two
sheets of unstitched clothes. Ihram at Dhul Hulaifa
5. Upon reaching outskirts of Mecca, the Quraish had already heard about the Muslims
coming so they sent Khalid blin Walid and Ikrima bin Abu Jahl with army to prevent
Muslims from entering.
6. The Meccans did not allow the Muslims to enter the city
7. The Muslims encamped at Hudaibiya.
8. The Muslims sent two messengers to persuade the Meccans to let them enter the city.
9. Both of the messengers were captured and did not come back.

10. Hazrat Usman was later sent to negotiate with the Meccans.
11. For some time, he did not come back.
12 False news about Hazrat Usman's death was spread among the Muslims.

13. Holy Prophet decided to take revenge for Hazrat Usman's death.
14. He called all the companions and asked them to put their hands on his hand and promise
to fight for Islam and avenge Hazrat Usman death.

15. All the promised to fight for Islam.

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16. This pledge was named as 'Bait-e-Rizwan' as it was taken under the tree.
17. For this moment, the Quran said, "Allah indeed was pleased with the believers, when
they swore allegiance to you under the tree and He knew what was in their hearts, so he
sent down peace on them and rewarded them with clear victory." (48:18)
18. After this, the Quraish released Hazrat Usman (RA).

19. Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed between the people of Madinah and the people of
Makkah
20. There were several stipulations in the treaty of Hudaibiya.

21. Muslims thought that the stipulations were unfair for them Including Hazrat Umar
22 The terms are as follows:
The Muslims will come to Makkah next year for Umrah and will stay for only three days.
They will go back to Madinah this year when they are signing the treaty.
If any of the Muslims from Madinah went to Makkah, they will not be returned to Madinah.
But if any hypocrite from Makkah went to Madinah without seeking permission from their
leaders, the Muslims will return the person. .In ten years' time, Muslims will be allowed to
visit Makkah and Taif: Meccans will be allowed to visit Syria using
ways captured by the Muslims. There will be no fight between Muslims and hypocrites for
ten years.
The Muslims as well as hypocrites were allowed to join hands with any of the Arab tribe.

Both the Muslims and hypocrites will not fight against each other's allegiance partner.
23. The Muslims were not happy with the terms of the treaty.
24. They became more furious when an incident happened.

25. The incident was when Abu Jandal, converted to Islam, and without seeking
permission, went to Madinah. Holy Prophet returned him and he was killed by his own
father, Sohail bin Amr.

26. Sohail bin Amr was the one who made sure that Holy Prophet will follow the
requirements and finalized the treaty and convinced Holy Prophet(SAW)
27. Allah considered this event a victory for the Muslims; it's called 'Fateh-al-Mubeen'; by
stating in Quran Surah Fateh,
"Surely we have granted you a manifest victory." (48:1).

ANSWER:

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Treaty of Hudaibiya between the Muslims of Medina and Quraish of Makkah is a turning
point in the Islamic history. In 6 AH the Holy Prophet saw a dream of visiting Kaabah after
which he decided to perform Umrah., "Certainly has Allah showed to His Messenger the
vision in truth. You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in safety, with
your heads shaved and [hair] shortened, not fearing [anyone]. He knew what you did not
know and has arranged before that a conquest near [at hand]." (Surah Al-Fath48:27)
1400 Muslims went along the Messenger of Allah to Makkah in February, 628 AD clothed
in two sheets of unstitched fabric known as Ihram which they wore at Dhul Hulaifa.
Seventy camels were taken for sacrifice, and as the ritual stated, the pilgrims were allowed
to perform Umrah without carrying any arms. However, the Quraish leaders stopped the
entering

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

entering of the pilgrims after looking at the huge number of Muslims. They sent Khalid
Bin Walld and 200 Tighters with him in order to stop them from rebelling against the
centuries-old Arab ritual.
The Prophet altered his route so that any dispute could be avoided and reached a place
called Hudsibly on the western edge of the city. For negotiations with the Quraish, 2
messengers were first sent but as both got detained in Makkah, Hazrat Usman went on
behalf of the Muslims, When even Hazrat Usman did not return and a rumour of him being
dead spread, the Holy Prophet called his companions to take a pledge on his hand to
sacrifice their lives for alan and retaliate the blood of Hazrat Usman. On this pledge Allah
said, "Allah indeed was pleased with the believers, when they swore allegiance to you
under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so he sent down peace on them and
rewarded them with clear victory." This pledge was taken under a tree and is known as Bait
e Rizwan as this cath was taken for God's pleasure. After Quraish's awareness about the
pledge, they sent the messengers and Hazrat Usman back after which a treaty was signed
between the two parties.
There were certain terms regarding the treaty which included peace agreement and no war
between the two parks for the next ten years. Moreover, any person or tribe wishing to join
the Prophet Muhammad (in alliance) has free will to do so. Likewise, any person or tribe
wishing to join the Quraish has free will to do so. Further to this, Muslims are recen to send
back any Makkan who goes to Madina; however, any Madinite going to Makkah would
not be returned. Along with this, any young person joins Prophet Muhammad without the
permission of his father or guardian, he would be returned. Nonetheless, if anyone goes to
Makkah, they would not be returned. Lastly, the Muslims can spend three days and
performi Unirali next year, but in this year, after signing treaty they will leave without
entering Makkah.

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The agreement was clearly not in the interest of the Muslims, but actually, it was considered
as a sign of great vicinity for them. Many Muslims including Hazrat Umar were not happy
about it, however he was reassured by Hazrat Abubakar and Prophet Muhammad. Hazrat
Ali was selected to write the treaty. Prophet told him to start with "In the name of Allah,
the most merciful and compassionate and that the Prophet was the messenger of Allah."
Suhail objected to it and had Hazrat Ali write "Muhammad the son of Abdullah" instead.
This created anger between the Muslims, and they protested. However, the document was
completed. Abu Jandal, Sohail's son came to Propnet to be freed however. Prophet keaning
his promise according the terms of treaty asked him to be patient. He was kilied by his
father, Schail bin Amr which enraged Muslims as Sohail bin Ami was the one who made
sure that Holy Prophet will follow the requirements and finalized the treaty and convinced
Holy Prophet
The Muslims completed obligations of Umrah. After Prophet Muhammad's return from
Hudaibiya, Almighty Allah put a seal of honour on this treaty and called it "Fatah Al-
Mubeen" (Manifest Victory) in the Qur'an, "Surely we have granted you a manifest
victory." (48:1).

A. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE KHYBER EXPEDITION. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The Jewish tribe Banu Nazir were furious after their defeat by the Muslims in the battle
of trench.
2. Banu Nazir were thrown out from Madinah and were banned.
3. They wanted to take their revenge from the Muslims.

4. Holy Prophet signed a Treaty of Hudaibiya with the people of Makkah.

5. Banu Nazir considered this treaty the weakness of Holy Prophet.
6. They were scheming against the Muslims to attack them.
7. Holy Prophet raised an army of sixteen hundred men in 7 A.H/ 629 A.D when he was
informed about the hypocrites planning.
8. Holy Prophet went to Khyber with his army where Jews had strong forts.

9. After they heard about the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah they thought the Muslims had grown
weak and started to plot against them again
10. When Prophet learnt about them joining with Banu Ghatfan to attack Muslims, He took
a force of 1600 men and charged Khaybar

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11. When Jews heard the news, they went inside the fortresses and locked themselves up
in them

12. The Jews had an army of twenty thousand men

13. Qamus was the strongest fortress, out of all the seven ones.
14. As Muslims reached closer, the hypocrites started protecting them by throwing stones
and arrows.
15. On the order of Holy Prophets, Muslims attacked the fortresses and captured all the
fortresses except Oamus,

16. Holy Prophet to end this war immediately. 17. He ordered Hazrat Ali to command a
team and attack Jews.
18. Hazrat All (R.A) killed the hypocrite main member, called Marhab

19. Hazrat Ali was given the title of 'Lion of Allah'.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH
20 Hazrat AS (RA) was known to move a door slone, which was a very heavy one and
required about thy men to move
21 The Muslime encircled the tertresses for about twenty days
22 The Jews lost the battle and they asked for Holy Prophet mercy to forgive them.

23. The messenger of Allah forgave them and allowed them to live there .
24 Treaty of Khaybar was made with the Jews to send half of the years produce to the
Muslims in Madina
25. This event is known as Khyber Expedition.
ANSWER:

In 629 AD/7Ah the Jewish tribe of Banu Nazir who were exiled from Madina plotted a
plan to uproot Muslims from Madin and mistook the Treaty of Hudaibiya as a sign of
weakness of the Muslims. After the Messenger of Allah came to know of their plan to
attack the Muslims, he gathered an army of 1600 Muslims and marched to Khyber. The
arrival of the Muslim strongest fort was Damus, Whenever the Muslims attempted to come
near any of the fort the Jews would hurt stones and shoot arrows on them. Prophet
Muhammad wished to end it quickly, so he ordered an attack on fortresses and one by one
sach fortress except Gamus was captured. The siege on Gamus continued for 20 days after
which the Prophet sent Hazrat All to attack Qamus Hazrat Ali killed the enemy's famous
warrior, Marhab, due to which he was given the title of "Lion of Allah" Hazrat Ali (RA)

136
was known to move a door alone, which was a very heavy one and later required about 20
to 40 men to move. Following this a battle took place between the Jews and the Muslims
in which the Jews were detested and forced to surrender. In exchange for peace the Jews
were given the condition to stay in Khyber and provide half of their yearly produce in land
to the Muslims by the Holy Prophet.

A. WRITE A DETAILED NOTE ON THE BATTLE OF MU'TAH. [10]

14-TAH. [70]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The Battle of Mu'tah took place in 8 A.H/629 A.D
2. Holy Prophet sent a lot of letters to different leaders in order to invite them to the religion
of Islam.

3. One of the letters was sent to the leader of Basra through Al-Harith bin Umair Al-Azdi.
Caesar, murdered Al-Harith
4.The governor of Al-Balga, Sharhabeel bin 'Amr Al-Ghassani, who was also close
associate of Byzantine emperor,
5. This event astounded Holy Prophet and he ordered to develop an army of three thousand
men to deal with the enemies and avenge the messenger.

6. It was planned beforehand that Zaid bin Harith will lead the army and take care of the
white flag, and after him Jatar enemies and avenge the messenger. bin Abi Talib will take
the charge, and after him Abdullah bin Rawaha will control the leadership.
7. Holy Prophet instructed the army that to offer them to the message of Allah first, if they
accept the offer, then there will be no war. But if they refuse, fighting will happen to
avenge.
8. Holy Prophet said, "Fight the disbelievers in the Name of Allah, neither breach a
covenant nor entertain treach ery, and under no circumstances a newborn, woman, an
ageing man or a hermit should be killed; moreover, neither trees should be cut down nor
homes demolished."
9. The army left after the farewell bid by people for them and moved towards northside of
Syria. 10. On the other side, enemies managed to generate a huge army, with hundred
thousand troops by Heraclius and hundred thousand men of Byzantine associates, including
Lakham, Judham and Balgain.

11. This huge army struck the Muslim army and they discussed plans for the fighting for
about two days.

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12. This battle name Mu'tah is based on a city on the Syrian borders.
13. The battle was fought in Jumada Al-Ula BAH/ September 629 AD.

14. The Muslims fought bravely.

15. Zaid Bin Harith fought bravely in the face of the enemies and with high spirit until he
was badly injured by stabbing.

16. Ja'far bin Abi Talib then fought with extreme courage and held the banner initially
until his right hand was cut. After this, he held the banner in his left hand until it was cut
too. After this, he held the banner between his arms, until he was cut in half by a byzantine
soldier.
17. Abdullah Bin Rawaha was then protecting the banner undauntedly, until he was killed.
18. After the loss of three great leaders, Thabit bin Al-Arqam, an individual from Bani
Ajlan took the banner from Abdullah bin Rawaha and asked the Muslim army to choose a
leader.
19. All of the army unanimously chose Khalid bin Al-Waleed to lead because of his
leadership and strategizing skills.
20. Khalid bin Waleed faced the enemies fearlessly and it was reported th at nine swords
were broken because of his fierce fighting as reported by Bukhari.

21. Khalid Bin Waleed on realizing that they might lose, altered the strategy.
22. He shuffled people fighting at left and right side and asked few of them to fight from
the front, which gave an impression to the enemies that more men of Muslims arrived in
the battlefield.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

23. This strategy demotivated the Byzantines and they started backing off.
24. This gave Muslims chance to reluen to Madinah with less loss of lives of twelve men.
25. On the other hand. Byzantines lost a lot of lives.

26. Muslims were not satisfied with this battle as they belleved that they did not avenge
Al-Harith rightly
27. This battle developed a reputation of Muslims of being good and brave on the battlefield

ANSWER:
The battle of Mu'tah tock place in 8 A.H/629 A.D. Battle of Mu'lah was a battle named
after the city that existed on the boundaries of Syria. This battle initiated as a result of the

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murder of Al-Harith bin Umair Al-Azdi, who was sen by Holly Prophet to deliver the letter
to the leader of Basra. Ai-Harith was brutally murdered by the supporter of Caesar, Byzan
tine emperor, Sharhabeel bin Anır Al-Ghassani, who was also the governor of Al-Balga.
On receiving this information, struck Holy Prophet and he ordered the Muslims to us and
handed three thousand men on the other hand, enemy prepared an army of hundred
thousand troops of Heraclius and hundred thousand men of Byzantine supporters, includ
ing Lakham, Judham and Balqain.
Holy Prophet instructed the Muslims to first offer the enemy to accept Islam, if they agreed,
there will be no need for the fighting. But it they refused, then there needs to be a war. At
this moment, Holy Prophet words were, "Fight the dis believers in the Name of Allah,
neither breach a covenant nor entertain treachery, and under no circumstances a new born,
woman, an ageing man or a hermit should be killed; moreover, neither trees should be cut
down nor homes demolished."
The planning for the battle was done before time. In the planning, three men were decided
to replace each other for the leadership. First, Zaid bin Harith will take the charge and hold
the white flag. If he got killed, Ja'far bin Abu Talib will take the charge and after him
Muslim army will be under the leadership of Abdullah bin Rawaha. After all the planning,
they left post farewell bid to them by the people. The battle occurred in Jumada Al-Ula
BAH/ September 629 AD.

Muslim army moved towards the north of Syria. They were shocked to see the huge army
of Byzantine people. They planned for their next moves on seeing their men number for
two nights. However, after this, Zaid bin Harith moved forward and fought fearlessly until
he was badly stabbed. After him, came Ja'far bin Abi Talib, who fought undauntedly
against the Byzantine armies, but his right hand was cut off. He held the banner in his left
hand and then it also got cut off. Then, he held the banner through his both arms until a
Byzantine soldier cut him in two parts. After hirn, came Abdullah bin Rawaha, who again
fought courageously until he was killed.
After the killing of three of them, Thabit bin Al-Argam, an individual from Bani Ajlan
came forward and asked the Muslims to vote out another leader. They all voted for Khalid
bin Al-Waleed for his brave fighting and his clever strateging skil It was reported by
Bukhari, that he broke nine swords, while somenemy. However, after some time into the
fines he realized that the situation of Muslims was weak, and it needed some new planning.
So, he mixed up the men fighting on the right and left side, and placed them in the front to
fight, so it would give an idea to the Byzantine army that move Muslim army is joining
them. Indeed, this was the thought in enemy's mind, and it demoralized them. They started
backing cff, which gave Muslims chance to get back te Madinah before the loss of life
increased.

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Muslim army lost twelve of their men in the battle. On the other hand, enemy's army lost
uncountable mai. However, Muslim army was not happy with the battle result, as they
believed the revenge of Al-Harith death was not complete. however this battle gave them
a good name in terms of fighting wars in the battlefield.

A. DESCRIBE THE EVENTS OF THE CONQUEST OF MAKKAH? [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. In 630 AD, Banu Bakr shook hands with the Quraish and Banu Khuza with Prophet after
the treaty of Hudaibiya.

2. Two years after the treaty, Banu Bakr attacked Banu Khuza
3. During night, Quraish fought alongside Banu Bakr as well as they provided weapons
4. Few men of Banu Khuza were killed and they, almost forty men of this tribe seek refuge
and protection in Madinah from Holy Prophet
5. Hazrat Muhammad (S.A) intervened and gave three offers to Quraish and asked them to
choose any one of them.

6. The three were to pay the money to the families of Banu Khuza for men they killed, to
end the alliance with Banu Bakr or to end the treaty of Hudaibiya.
7 Quraish chose the third one to end the treaty of Hudaibiya.

8. But later, Quraish realized that they cannot fight with Holy Prophet so they sent Abu
Sufyan to negotiate with Holy prophet. LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

9 Abu Sufyan talked to his daughter Umm-Habiba, who was also Holy Prophet's wife but
failed
10. He then talked to Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman as well as Hazrat All
(RLA) but failed to convinics sy of them.
11. Lastly, Abu Sufyan announced in Holy Prophet's mosque that protection will be given
to everyone, but Messenger of Allah refused

112. Without informing Quraish, the messenger of Allah prepared an army of ten thousand
men, so that Quraish do not enter into alliance with other tribes
13. Holy Prophet's army left for Makkah on the 10th of Ramadan 8th A.H/630 AD and
they encamped outside Makkah and astonished the Quraish people.
14. The army lit up their fires which magnified their quantity and demotivated the Quraish
15. Abu Sufyan went to spy but got caught and accepted Istam on the spot.

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16. Holy prophet announced before entering Makkah, that no harm will be done to anyone
who stayed in their house, who stayed in the vicinity of Kasbe, and in the house of Abu
Sufyan
17. Also, he ordered his army not to hurt anyone and avoid using weapons again children,
women and aged people.

18. He said only to retaliate if there is any resistance or attack.

19. The army was divided in four groups to seize different parts of Makkah and one group
was headed by Khalid Bin Waleed.

20. The Khalid Bin Waleed group was attacked with arrows.
21. 13 Quraish men died and 2 Muslim men were martyred.
22 Holy Prophet performed Tawaf in Kaaba and destroyed all 360 idols and purified the
Kaaba. 23. He said, "And say the truth has come and falsehood has banished. Surely
falsehood is bound to parish." (Al-Isra17:81)
24. The Quraish waited to see what Holy Prophet will do, but he said, "There is no God
but Allah alone. He has no partner. He has made good His promise. He has helped his
servant and he alone has put all allies to flight. Every claim of privilege, property or
bloodline is abolished the haughtiness of the Jahiliyyah and its veneration of ancestors.
People all spring from Adam and Adam came from dust."
25. He also recited the following verse, "O mankind we have created you male and female,
and appointed you races and tribes that you may know another, Surely the noblest among
you in the sight of Allah is the most God-fearing of you. Allah is all knowing, All-Aware."
26. Everyone in Quraish was pardoned.
27. Holy Prophet gathered all the Quraish near the mount of Sata and delivered a sermon
in which he included the oneness of Allah, abolishment of ignored customs and Quraish
way of living and stressed on a man's duty to Allah and other humans

28. He asked Quraish that, "O people of Quraish what you think I will do with you?" And
they replied that he will treat them well and noble.
29. He further replied in the sermon, "I shall speak to you as Yusut (Joseph) spoke to his
brothers there is no reproach against you today; God will forgive. He is the most merciful
and the most Compassionate" (Yusuf 12:92), he also added, "no more responsibility
burdens you today, Go, for you are free" (Ibn Ishaque).

30. He freed them all and majority of them embraced islam.

31. Then, Hazrat Bilal gave Azan from the Kaaba.

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32. Holy Prophet set all the guidelines for the administration of Kaaba and left for Madinah
after nineteen days and defined a boundary through pillars and abolished Quraish offices.

33. The Quran considered this event as the conquest of Makkah, as in this verse, "When
comes the help of Allah and victory and see people entering the religion of Allah in
throngs" (Al-Nasir 110:1-2).

ANSWER:
The conquest of Makkah was a result of series of events, which initiated after the treaty of
Hudalblya when Banu Khuza joined hands with the Messenger of Allah and Banu Bakr
joined forces with the Quraish tribe.
Banu Bakr attacked Banu Khuza after two years of treaty with the help of Quraish, who
provided arms and weapons as well as fought with them during the darkness of night. Banu
Khuza lost their men, and they along with their forty men seek protection from Holy
Prophet. After that, Hazrat Muhammad (S.A) offered Quraish three alternatives, which are
as follows.
To pay the families of Banu Khuza killed men.
To end the alliance with Banu Bakr.
To end the treaty of Hudaibiya.

The Quraish opted for the third option and agreed to dissolve the treaty of Hudaibiya, but
they eventually realized that they could not compete with the Holy Prophet so they sent
Abu Sufyan to convince the Messenger of Allah to end this war. Abu Sufyan first reached
to his daughter Umm-Habiba, who was also Hazrat Muhammad (SA) wife and failed to
convince ber. Then, he went to Hazrat Abu Bakr, secondly to Hazrat Umar, thirdly to
Hazrat Usman and lastly Hazrat Ali
LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH
but they all refused to intervene. Also, Abu Sufyan publicly announced in Holy Prophet sa
mosque that no one will bo harmed but he again failed to convince
On the other hand, Hazrat Muhammad prepared an army of ten thousand men while
maintaining complete secrecy in order to prevent any other alliance and lett for Makkah on
the 10th of Ramadan 8th A.H/630 AD. The army surrounded Makkah and stayed there.
They lit up their fires in order to magnify their quantity, which proved to be right, as it
demoti vated the Quraish men. Abu Sufyan went to spy but was caught and presented to
Holy Prophet and he accepted islam on the spot Holy Prophet divided the army in four
groups and one of them was under Khalid Bin Waleed. He ordered them to enter but
announced that three kinds of people will be not harmed, as follows

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Those who stayed in their homes. Those who stayed in Kaaba.
Also, those who stayed in the house of Abu Sufyan, who accepted wam. Also, he guided
his army not to hurt women, children and aged people and only attack those who resist and
attack them
Eventually, the army entered Makkah, and the group under Khalid Bin Waleed got
attacked. In this fight thirteen Quraisn men were killed and two Musiims were martyred.
After, Hazrat Muhammad (SA) went to Kaaba and destroyed all 360 idols and performed
Tawaf. He cleansed the Kaaba, and recited. "And say the truth has come and falsehood has
banished. Surely falsehood is bound to parish." (Al-Isra 17:81). The Quraish walted for
him to come out and he came out and said, "There is no God but Allah alone. He has no
partner. He has made good His promise. He has helped his servant and he alone has put all
allies to flight. Every claim of privilege, property or bloodline is abolished the haughti ness
of the Jahiliyyah and its veneration of ancestors. People all spring from Adam and Adam
came from dust." Also, he recited the following verse, "O mankind we have created you
male and female, and appointed you races and tribes that you may know another. Surely
the noblest among you in the sight of Allah is the most God-tearing of you. Allah is all
knowing, All-Aware,"

Later, he gathered all of them near the mount of Safa and addressed a sermon in which he
talked about the oneness of Allan, eradication of ignored customs and exercises by the
Quraish, and stressed on the implementation of an individual duty towards mankind and
Allah. He asked them, "O people of Quraish what do you think I will do with you?" And
they replied that he will treat them well and noble. He replied, "I shall speak to you as
Yusuf (Joseph) spoke to his brothers there is no reproach against you today, God will
forgive. He is the most merciful and the most Compassionate" (Yusuf 12:92), he also
added, "no more responsibility burdens you today, Go, for you are free" (Ibn Ishaque). He
freed them, which struck the people of Quraish with his noble behaviour and they embraced
Islam.
Then, Hazrat Bilal proceeded and gave Azan from Kaabah, Holy Prophet stayed for
nineteen days in Makkah, before returning to Madinah and laid guidelines for the
administration of Makkah and created a boundary from pillars.
These series of events were known as conquest of Makkah in the Holy book of Ouran as
stated in this verse, "When comes the help of Allah and victory and see people entering the
religion of Allah in throngs" (Al-Nasir 110:1-2).

A. GIVE A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF HUNAIN. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The Battle of Hunain took place in 8 A.H

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2. After the conquest of Makkah, all the Jews and hypocrite tribes were surprised with their
defeat and wanted to takerevenge

3 The enemies of Islam were the ruling of Taif, Banu Nasr, Banu Jashm, Banu Saqif and
Banu Hawazin, Banu Saad Bin Bakr and Banu Hilal and they all were shocked with
Muslims victory.

4. The chief leader of hypocrites, Malik Bin Awf, decided to take the revenge and he along
with his partners went to fight and stayed to the south east of Makkah
5. The tribes of Banu Saqif and Banu Hawazin stayed in the valley of Hunain and placed
their archers at the pass of the valley so that they could attack Muslims as they passed from
there.
6. On the other hand, Muslims, under the leadership of the Holy Prophet moved towards
Hunain, with twelve thousand men, including the people who recently accepted Islam.
7. The Muslims were overconfident about their victory that some of them said, "We shall
not be defeated."
8. This overconfidence was not liked by Allah, as the verse in the Quran states, "Truly
Allah has given you victory on many battle fields, and on the day of Hunain (battle), when
you rejoice at your great number, but it availed you the naught and the earth, vast as it is,
was straightened for you, then you turned back in fight. Then Allah can send down His
Sakinah (calmness, tranquility, and reassurance) on the Messenger (Muhammad), and on
the believers and sendANSWER:
The triumph of Makkah which or winter clans of Banu Hawazin were still oversures of
arab and other clans. The ruling of Ta'if, Banu Saqeef and wad bin Bakr and individuals of
Banu Hilal, every one of them, Other than them, Banu Nasr, Banu Jusham and Banu Saad
bin Bakr and individuals of Banu Hill, every one of them were disturbed by the fall of
Makkah in the hands of the Muslims and their religion had an extraordinary threat.
Malik bin Awf the general chief decided to march and battle the Muslims. Alliance forces
were prepared, and they camped outdoors in Awtas (towards the south east of Makkah).
The Banu Hawazin and Banu Sageet encamped in the valley of Hunain and posted their
archers covering the pass in the valley which the Holy Prophet and his forces must cross
before they could reach the other side.
The Muslim armed force was 12000 in number, including 2000 newly converted Makkans.
The Holy Prophet marched towards the valley of Hunain. Considering how great in number
the Muslims had set out on this expedition, they had extreme confidence that moved onto
become over confidence. Some of them said, "We shall not be defeated." This state ment
was disliked by Allah, it is said in The Holy Quran, "Truly Allah has given you victory on
many battle fields, and on the Day of Hunain (battle) when you rejoiced at your great

144
number, but it availed naught and the earth, vast as it is, was straitened for you, then you
turn back in fight. Then Allah did send down His Sakinah (calmness, tranquillity, and
reassurance) on the messenger (Muhammad), and on the bellevers, and sent down forces
(angels) which you saw not and punished the disbelievers. Such is the recompense of
disbelievers." (Surah-Al-Tauba 09: Verses:25-26)

As the Muslims propelled, they were met with showers of arrows from all sides, while the
principle bit of Hawazin's military assaulted them from the front. The Muslims couldn't
stand the fierce assault, so they fell back. It caused a horrible disorder among the Muslim
army due to which, they fled from the combat zone and a small band of adherents
immovably remained back with the Holy Prophet. At that moment, the Holy said as loud
as possible, "Truly saying, am the Prophet; I am the (grand) son of Abdul-Muttalib." (Al-
Tabari)
These words had desirable impacts. Muslims uttered "Labbaik!" (Here we are at your
service. Here we are). They threw

themselves off their camels and horses and attacked the foe in all wrath. Both armies stood
fast and battled wildly. The
Holy Prophet threw a handful of sand residue at the face of the enemy saying, "May your
faces be shameful.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

Their were thick with dust and the toe began to retreat in uter perplexity They fed and left
the women, children and cattie. A large booty comprised of 24,000 camels, 40,000 sheep
and 40,000 ounces of Saver Artund seventy men of Banu Sageef were executed and 6,000
were kept prisoners. The goods were sent to Wadi Al Jiranah and the Prophet chased the
fleeing for
After some time, some people from the tribe of Hawazain arrived and requested Holy
Prophet to return their money and people who were taken as slaves. Holy Prophets agreed
for the slaves to be returned and asked their people to free them. The Muslims did so as he
said. The tribe of Ban Sagit came to Holy Prophet later and accepted the message of Allah
in 9m Hijn. In this way, the prayer of Holy Prophet got accepted

A. GIVE A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE TABUK EXPEDITION.

HIGHLIGHTS:
1 Holy Prophet was given a message in the 9th year of Hijra, that the Roman emperor is
preparing to attack the
Muslims and they had reached the frontier 2.The Roman king himself was leading the army

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3.On receiving this information, Holy Prophet commanded the Muslims to prepare for the
war.

4 However the Muslims were facing various structural problems, including the weather
being extremely hot, scarcity of food in Hijaz and shonage of water in Madinah.
5. It was the peak time for the dates to be plucked and fruits to be ripe, but the call for Jihad
was given.
6. The weapons to fight the war were also not enough to defeat the enemies.
7. At this time, Holy Prophet asked people to help and contribute for the war.

8. On this announcement. Hazrat Abu Bakr gave everything he owned.

9. Hazrat Usman donated three hundred camels with grain and one thousand gold dinars.
10. Hazrat Umar contributed half of his assets including cash and cattle.
11. Muslim women also gave their jewelry.
12. Many hypocrites excused to help with the donations and looked for excuses.
13. Holy Prophet went to Tabuk from Madinah with an army of thirty thousand men and
stayed there,
14. The journey was extremely hard because of shortage of food and water.
15. The Muslims were, however, greatly motivated to fight the enemies.

16. The Muslims encamped in Tabuk for twenty days.

17. Many tribes visited Holy Prophet to accept the message of Allah

18. After twenty days, Holy Prophet along with Muslims went back to Madinah.
19. Many people, mainly the hypocrites, made excuses for not helping.
20. Only three true believers were excused by Allah, but others were executed.

21. This was the last expedition of Holy Prophet

ANSWER:
In the 9th year of the Hijrat, the Holy Prophet received information that the Roman
Emperor had organized a colossal armed force, and that this force was one the emperor
himself was commanding, had arrived near the frontier. The Prophet, therefore, ordered
that arrangements be made to meet this challenge. At that time there was famine in Hejaz
and scarcity of water in Madinah and the encompassing areas. There was intense heat. It
was also the time of the ripening of fruits and plucking of dates due to which some did not

146
want to engage in warfare. Moreover, arms and equip ment for battling the large armed
force of the Romans were not available.

The Holy Prophet made an intrigue for donations and subscriptions. On this occasion,
Hazrat Usman gave one thousand gold dinars and three hundred camels laden with grains.
Hazrat Umar contributed half of all his wealth, househoid goods and cattle and Hazrat Abu
Bakr donated everything that he had. The Muslin ladies too gave their ornaments and
jewellery as donations. However, many hypocrites and other Arabs made excuses for not
accompanying the Muslim army.

The Holy Prophet departed from Madinah with an army of 30,000 men and encamped at
Tabuk. It was a difficult journey because of the exceptional heat and the scarcity of food
and water. Be that as it may, the Muslims stayed and endured. The Holy Prophet remained
at Tabuk for 20 days, and waited for the romans, during which various tribes came to the
Holy Prophet and embraced Islam and some entered into treaties. News spread inside and
outside Arabia that the world super power, Romans, did not show up to fight the Muslims
after which many tribes from all across came to Madina to accept Islam and enter into
alliances with the Prophet. Due to this, that year is also known as the "Year of Deputations".
At the point when the Holy Prophet returned to Madinah, those individuals who had not
joined the expedition (mostly hypocrites) came to make their excuses. Three genuine
believers, however admitted their mistake. They were forgiven by Allah and the Prophet
while the others were denounced by the Holy Quran. The Tabuk expedition was the last
military expedition in which the Holy Prophet personally participated

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

A WRITE AN ACCOUNT ON THE EVENTS OF THE LAST YEAR OF

PROPHET'S LIFE 1101
HIGHLIGHTS
1.Holy Prophet decided to perform pilgrimage in the last year of his life.
2.People of Arabia gathered around him on knowing his decision .
3. On 25 Dhul Dadah 10AH, he left for Makkah with 124,000 people.

4. He read Talbian, "At your service O Allah! At your service praise and blessings are
yours and the kingdom. Yo with other Muslims reached Makkah on 4th Dhul Haj no partner
At your service."

5. After nine days, Holy Prophet.

6. Holy Prophet did lawal of the Kaaba and Sa'ee between Sata and Marwa . 7. He went
to Mina and performed Rammi on 8th Dhul Hajj and on 9th Dhut Hajj, he reached Art

147
The Prophet said, "O people! Just as you regard this day, this month, this city as sacred, de
regard the ta property and honor of every Muslim as a sacred trust." 10. The Prophet also
said, "Beware of Satan for the safety of your religion, he has lost all hope in leading you
astray in big things, so beware of him in small things."
8. On Friday, he gave the Farewell sermon

11. in the sermon, he talked about worship to Allah, and five pillars of Islam.
12. He also talked about equality. "O people, you are all sons of Adam, therefore no Arab
has any superiority over any

non-Arab, and no non-Arab over any Arab. No white has any superiority over any black
nor any black over a white."
13 Holy Prophet also talked about women, "O people, your wives have some rights over
you. Do be kind to them
as they are your partners and committed helpers. It is true that you too have some rights
over them." 14, He also said about behavior with the slaves, "O people, treat your slaves
with kindness, clothe them as you clothe yourself and feed them as you feed yourself." 15.
He talked about his duty of being a last messenger, and Sunnah and Quran, as he said, "O
people, I leave behind me

two examples, the Quran and my example, the Sunnah. If you adhere to them, you will
never go astray." 16. He also told people to let other people know about the teachings in
this sermon who were not present. 17. Surah Maida, lest verses came upon Holy Prophet
while he was in Arafat, "This day have I perfected your religion
for you and completed my favor unto you and chosen for you Islam as your religion."
18. Then, Holy Prophet returned to Madinah after the end of pilgrimage. 19. He made
Uthman bin Zayd, the leader of Muslim army to take revenge of his father's death by going
to Syria.
20. He disciplined provinces and deputations. 21. He fell ill, after 2 months and remained
ill for two weeks.
22. He reviewed Ouran with Hazrat Jibreel twice and invited Fatima R.A, and her sons,
Hassan R.A and Hussain R.A.
23. He asked all his wives and went to Hazrat Aisha R.A house on fifth day of his illness.
24. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A was appointed to lead the prayers.

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25. One day, Holy Prophet went to the mosque with the help of people and sat beside
Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A. 26. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A was about to leave leading the prayer
and allow the prophet to lead, but he was stopped
Holy Prophet and Abu Bakr led the prayer. 27. After the prayer, Holy Prophet said, "Allah
gave one of his servants the option of a life on this Earth or a with Him and this servant
accepted the latter." 28. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A understood the sermon and started
crying.with Him and
28 Haurat Abu Bakar R.A understood the sermon and started crying .

29 Before dying, Holy Prophet cleansed his mouth with a stick.

30 "Now none, but He, the companion on high is desired," said by Holy Prophet
31. He distributed all his money to the needy.

32. He died in Hazrat Aisha R.A lap on 12th Rabi al Awal, 632 AD, 11 AH.
33 He was buried by Ali bin Abu Talib and Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib.
34 His death upset a lot of Muslims and his companions.

ANSWER:
the last year of Prophet's life, he went for the farewell pilgrimage. He announced his
intentions to his companions and Muslims from all over Arabia gathered around the
Prophet. The Prophet along with 114,000 of his followers departed for Makkah on 25 Dhul
Qadah 10AH. He recited Talbiah, "At your service O Allah! At your service praise and
blessings are yours and the kingdom. You have no partner. At your service." The Prophet
reached Makkah on 4th Dhul Hajj after a journey of nine days. There he performed Tawaf
of the Kaaba and Sa'ee between Safa and Marwa. On 8th Dhul Hajj, he went to Mina and
performed Rammi. On 9th Dhul Hajj, he came to Arafat. It was Friday and the Prophet
have the sermon: the farewell sermon.
The Prophet said, "O people! Just as you regard this day, this month, this city as sacred, do
regard the life proper and honour of every Muslim as a sacred trust." The Prophet also
warned Muslims, "Beware of Satan for the sal of your religion. He has lost all hope in
leading you astray in big things, so beware of him in small things."

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

The Prophet emphasized on the need to adhere to the worship of Allah he reminded Muslim
pray the mess dey give zakat, fast regularly in the month of Ramadan and to perform Has
The Prophet also a great stress o equality of all. "O people, you are all sons of Adam,
therefore no Arab has any superiority over any non-Arah, and no non-Arab over any Arab.
No white has any superiority over any black nor any black over a white.

149
The Prophet discussed the rights of women and slaves, "O people, your wives have some
rights over you. Do be kind to them as they are your partners and committed helpers. It is
true that you too have some rights over them. Hig ing slaves, he said, "O people, treat your
slaves with kindness, clothe them as you clothe yourself and Tear them as you feed
yourself."

The Prophet reiterated his finality and importance as the seat of the Prophets. He
commanded Muslims to follow dar truly, "O people, I leave behind me two examples, the
Quran and my example, the Sunnah. If you adhere to them, y will never go astray." The
Prophet also commanded Musums to spread this message to all other Muslims who could
not be present at the pilgrimage.
While the Muslims ware in Aratat, the last verses of Surah Maida were to the Prophet.
"This day have perfected your religion for you and completed my favour unto you and
chosen for you Islam as your religion." After this, the Propriet
completed his pilgrimage and then returned to Madinah
In Madinah, the Prophet sa organized an army under the command of Usama Bin Zayed to
lead an expedition to Syria for avenging the blood of his father. The Prophet organized the
provinces and received many deputations.

After 2 months, however, the Prophet fell ill with headache and fever. The Prophet
remained il for about 2 weeks Hazrat Jibreel reviewed the Quran twice with him. He called
upon Fatima R.A, Hassan R.A, Hussain R.A and his wives, In tially, he used to carry out
his duties as usual. But on the fifth day of his illness, with the consent of all his other wives,
retired to the apartment of Alsha R.A. The Prophet appointed Abu Bakar R.A to lead the
prayers
On the last day of his life, the Prophet came to the mosque, supported by his attendants
Abu Bakar R.A who was leading the prayer, tried to retreat as he heard the approach of the
Prophet but was ordered to carry nn by the Prophet The Prophet sat on his left and led the
prayer while sitting. After the prayer, the Prophet gave a sermon and said, "Allah gave one
of his servants the option of a life on this Earth or a life with Him and this servant accepted
the latter." Abu Bakar R.A understood the meaning of his and wept The Prophet last act
was cleaning his mouth with a stick He said, "Now none, but He, the companion on high
is desired." The Prophet distributed the small amount of money that he had in alms. The
Prophet passed away on 12th Rabi-ul-Awal 632 AD 11AH. At the time, his head was in
the lap of Hazrat Aisha R.A.
The Prophet funeral was performed in batches. The companions of the Prophet were greatly
grieved. The Prophet body was lowered into the grave by All bin Abu Talib and Abbas bin
Abdul Muttalib.

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A. WRITE ABOUT THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD'S INTERACTION WITH
NON-MUSLIMS (JEWS AND HYPOCRITES) IN MADINA. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. In 622 AD, when Holy Prophet came to Madinah, he treated all the citizens of the city
with equality.

2. He signed a deal with three Jewish tribes when he came up with the Madinah covenant,
after the construction of Masjid-e-Nabwi.
3. In this deal, certain rules and regulations were assigned and benefits to the parties were
also decided.
4. The agreement included Allah's law will be the law of land and everyone is allowed to
exercise their own religious practices.

5. Second point in the deal was that Madinah is a city of both Jewish and Muslims, and
both can freely take advantage of its security.
6. Third point in the deal was that both the parties will not fight against each other and will
be partners against others.
7. Fourth point was that both parties will fight for the city of Madinah if it is attacked, and
Holy Prophet will take all the final decisions regarding fights.

8. Holy Prophet had some dealings with them, he used to lend them money as well take
money from them if needed.

9. There was one incident in which Jew caught Holy Prophet's clothes and asked for the
money Holy Prophet had taken from him.
10. This incident made Hazrat Umar R.A angry, and he rebuked him. Holy Prophet stopped
Hazrat Umar R.A and offered to repay him money.
11. Holy Prophet also offered to pay more money, because Hazrat Umar RA reprimanded
bim

112 The Jews were not loyal to this agreement and they made fun of Holy Prophet for the
svelations and did not believe in his prophethood.
13. They mocked Muslims when the Qibla was changed.

14. There were certain events which kept Muslims and Jews away from each other.
15 One of the incident was when a man from Banu Qainuga tribe openly disgraced a
Muslim women by pinning her sk to the tree .

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LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH
16 A Muslim man killed him, and people of Banu Gainuga tribe murdered that Muslim

17. On petting news about this event, Holy Prophet surrounded their fortress for about
fifteen days.
18. After siege, the tribe of Banu Dainugs was exiled from Madinah in 624 AD.

19. Another event occurred which in 626 AD, which further deteriorated the relation
between Muslims and the Jews.
20. in 626 AD, Banu Nadir tribe was also exiled from Madinah, after they attempted to kill
Holy Prophet by throwing a huge mill stone over him when he went to collect some blood
money as according to the treaty.
21. The Banu Nadir tribe left taking everything they could after the encirclement of
fourteen days. They were asked to leave within ten days, but they left after encirclement.
22. In the end, another event happened which worsened their relationship even more in 627
AD.

23. Banu Quralza tribe broke the agreement of Madinah covenant and joined hands with
the Quraish against Muslima
They betrayed Muslims in the Battle of Trench.

24. Muslims surrounded their fortress for about 25days.

25. They were exiled from the city and as a penalty given by Saad bin Mu'az, about 600-
700 men of the tribe were killed. Their wives and children were taken as slaves.
26. There was a verse which explained this event in Quran, it states, "And those of the
people of the book who aided them-Allah did take them down from their strongholds and
cast terror into their hearts, (so that) some you slew, and some you made prisoners. And
He made you heirs of their lands, their houses and their goods (33:26-27)
27. There were some citizens of Madinah, who were not Jews, but they were hypocrites as
they did not firmly believe the message of Allah.
28. There was a verse in Quran about hypocrites, which stated, "when it is said to them,
come to what Allah has revealed and the messenger, you see that the hypocrites avert their
faces from you disgust." (4:61)
29. Abdullah bin Ubbay was the chief head of the hypocrites.
30. They withdrew with 300 men in Battle of Uhad, complaining that Holy Prophete did
not listen to the advice of fighting from inside the city.

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31. They gave inside information to the Makkans of Muslims.
32. They did not provide any financial support to the Muslims in the Tabuk Expedition in
631 AD. 33 They also fled from their positions in the Battle of Trench, giving an excuse
that their houses are not safe.
34. Many hypocrites converted to the religion of Islam, after the death of Abdullah bin
Ubbay in 631 AD as the Prophet prayed his funeral despite knowing he was a hypocrite.
35. Holy Prophet also sent letters to different kings to enter into Islam.
36. The Christians from Najran visited and they signed a peace treaty.

37. Holy Prophet also allowed them to offer their own prayer in the mosque.

ANSWER:
At the point when the Holy Prophet migrated to Madinah in 622AD, he equally treated all
parts of the culture equally. After the construction of the mosque, Masjid-e-Nabwi, he
conceived the covenant of Madinah as a concurrence with three Jewish tribes in which
privileges and responsibilities were given.

The agreement stated that the law of Allah would be the law of land and granted complete
religious freedom. Madinah would be a city of peace for both parties and both would enjoy
the same security and equal rights. It's further stated that the Muslims and the Jews would
be allies and would not fight against each other. Moreover, in case of an attack on Madinah,
both would assist each other to defend it. The Holy Prophet will decide all the disputes and
his decision would be final
Holy Prophet also had some dealings with the Jews. He used to borrow money from them
when there is need to their companions and also in some situations lend them. Once, there
was a Jew who once held Holy Prophet's clothes from a side and asked him to give back
the lent money. This annoyed Hazrat Umar R.A and he reprimanded the Jew. Holy Prophet
stopped him and offered to pay the Jew money and also pay extra money as he had been
scolded by Hazrat Umar R.A.
However, the Jews gradually separated themselves from the Holy Prophet. They
persistently ridiculed the revelations he received from God and questioned his claim to
Prophethood. They straightforwardly ridiculed him especially when the Oible was changed
and attempted to mortify him in various manners.

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

The relationship between the Jews and the Muslims deteriorated when a Mislim woman
was exposed to open embarrassment by a Jew of Banu Deus who pinned har sin in a public
place. He was sisughtered by a Muslim arin other Jews murdered that Muslin, When this

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news reached the Holy Prophet he said a slegs to their fortress. This ciepe proceededfor 15
days after which the Holy prophets expelled them from Madinah in 624 A.D.

Another setback to the relationships between the two was when Sanu Nadir attempted to
loll the Holy Prophet by throwing a huge mill stone on him when he went to take the blood
money for some purpose according to the treaty. They were asked to leave within 10 days.
However, they left after the siege et 14 days with as much as they could carry in 626 AD
At last Sanu Quraize, the last significant tribe left in Madinah, demonstrated treachery in
the Battle of Trench in 627 AD, They broke the treaty with the Muslims, conspired with
the Quraish and planned to attack the Muslims from back. A seco was laid on the fonresses
that acted for 25 days. After the siege, as a punishment of their treachery decided by Sand
Bin Mu'az, around 600-700 men from Banu Quraiza tribe were executed and their spouses
and children were taken as slaves. The Quran refers to this incident in there words, "And
those of the people of the book who aided them-Allah did take them down from their
strongholds and cast terror into their hearts, (so that) some you slew, and some you made
prisoners. And He made you heirs of thel: lands, their houses and their goods---"(33:26-
27)
Apart from the Jews remained the Madinans who did not become sincere adherents. Quran
Says, "When it is said to them, come to what Allah has revealed and the messenger, you
see that the Hypocrites avert their faces from you disgust." 14.61) They were the hypocrites
whose pioneer was Abdullah Bin Ubayy. They showed their disloyalty most unequivocally
by withdrawing when the Quraish's assault prompted to Battle of Uhad in 625 AD.
Abdullah Bin Ubayy withdrew with 300 of his men saying that he did this as the Prophet
dismissed his advice of fighting from within the city. They abantioned their posts in the
Battle of Trench in 627 AD saying their homes were not safe. Furthermore, they provided
secret information of the Muslims to the Mukkaris and the Jews. They did not make any
financial contribution in Tabuk expedition 631 AD. After Abdullan bm bay's demise in
137 AD many of the hypocrites repented end became genuine Muslims.
Morsover, Holy Prophet has also sent a lot of letters to verious Empires kings to embrace
Islam Also, he signed a peace treaty with the Najran Christians, and allowed them to
worship in their mosque according to their own religion.

0. PROPHETS AS A ROLE MODEL OF EXCELLENCE.

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Holy Propnet has plenty of excellent qualities, including forgiveness, humility,
trustworthiness, justice and fairies, generosity and patience

Forgiveness:

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2. The Prophet said, "Allah does not show mercy to those who do not show mercy to
others."

3. He always showed mercy to other people

4. In one incident, he started crying when he heard from a man that he put his (the man)
daughter into the ground evenafter her crying and shouting "father father.

5. Once he said, "Even children of non-Muslims are better than you." He said to people
who murdered the enemy children when they came to fight in a battle.
6. Holy Prophet also forgave the people of Taif after they tormented him harshly when he
want to invite them to Islam
7. The city leaders, Masud, Habib and Abd Ya Lail directed the slaves to hurt the Prophet
and this filled his shoes with blood.

8. In a garden, Angel Jibreel, came with the in charge of mountains angel and said to
Prophet. "If you would like,
will crush these people between these mountains."

9. Holy Prophet answered, "No, but I hope Allah will create from their seed those who will
worship none but Allah the One."
10. The non-believers in Makkah also brutally tormented Holy Prophet, but he forgave
them and showed mercy during the conquest of Makkah.
11. He asked them, "O sons of Quraysh what do you think i will do to you."

12. They answered, "You are a noble brother and a son of a noble brother."
13. He announceo a general amnesty arid said, "I will speak to you as Yousaf spoke to his
people. Go you are free No blame on you be this day."

14. he even forgave Hinda and Wahshi wau kisled his uncle in the battle of Uhad.
15. During the Tail siege, his companions came to him and said "O apsstie of Allah..
Thugaif's arrows have scorched Us. So, supplicate Allah to punish them."

16. He prayed for the Banu Thugait tribe. "O Allah! Give guidance to Thuqaif and send
them to me."

LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH

Humility
17. He had a very humble and modest personality
18 .He fought along with his people in all the battles.sticks for camping during the wars.

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19. He took part in the digging of the trench in battle of trench, in construction of Masjid-
e-Nabawi, werd to collec

20 He always considered all the people equal to respect him."

21 He insisted them not to stand up when he comes, as he said, "Do not stand up for me as
the foreigners to them.

22. He used to do all his work by his own bare hands, "The Prophet of Allah used to sew
his garment, patch his sandals and conduct himself at home as any of you does. He was a
human being, searching his garments for lice, miking sheep and doing his own
chores."Trustworthiness:
23. Holy Prophet was always a person who never broke people's trust and were always
honest with them

24. He was given the title of Sadiq for his honesty and Ameen for his trustworthiness.
25. This quality of Holy Prophet was liked by Hazrat Khadija R.A and she offered him to
marry her.

26. Her slave, Maisara, told her about his character and doings and how he told the buyers
truth about the faulty gram and sold them at low price.
27. Once, there was a dispute in 605 AD among the tribes of Makkah regarding the decision
of who will place the back stone when Kaaba was constructed again.
28. An old man said that the decision will be taken by the person who will enter the Kaaba
next day first, and people accepted Holy Prophet as arbitrator because of his trustworthy
quality.
29. Holy Prophet placed the stone on a white sheet and asked various tribes chiefs to hold
the sheet from comers and he placed the stone in its place with his own hands.
30. People used to trust him with their belongings.
31. In 627 AD, when Holy Prophet was travelling to Madinah he gave all the people things
to Ali P.A to return them.
32. In one event. Abu Lahab said, "Muhammad do not say you are a liar but what you say,
I do not think right."

33. In another incident, he asked the people to gather on the hill of Safa and asked them,
"O people, if I tell you that an army is standing on the other side of this hill, would you
believe me." 34. People replied, "Yes, because we have never heard you tell a lie."

Justice and fairness 35. He was always just and fair in all his decisions. to the charter, his
decision was the final one which needs to be followed.

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37. In one incident, a woman from the Quraish, who belonged from Holy Prophet stole
something Holy Prope 36. According decided and ordered her hands to be cut off.

38 Usama Bin Zayd Interrupted and requested to pardon her as she to Holy Prophet tribe.
39. Holy Prophet refused and said, "The people before you were destroyed because they
used to inflict the legal punishment on the poor and forgive the rich. By him whose hand
my soul is it my daughter, Fatima R.A did this, would have cut off her hand."
40. There was a set up between Holy Prophet and the Jews, in which he sometimes borrows
money when in need

41. Once a Jew came to the mosque and shook Holy Prophet by his collar and asked for
his money before the date of payment came 42. Hazrat Umar R.A on witnessing this, got
angry and shouted on him.

43. Holy Prophet scolding of Umar R.A.

stopped him and offered to pay the Jew the borrowed money and as well as extra amount
for the 44, In another event, Holy Prophet pardoned a Jew for murder when there was no
witness of the crime. 45. A Jew killed a Muslim and when Muslim family came for justice,
Holy Prophet
asked them, "If you swear as to who committed the murder you shall be able to take your
right from them."
46. They answered, "How can we swear when we did not witness the murder."

47. Holy Prophet was aware that Jews killed the Muslim but because of no witness, he paid
money to Muslim family from stale treasury.

Generosity:
48. He was always a generous and open-handed person.
49. He always distributed his money recovered from the expedition to the poor and needy
people.

50. He would borrow money from his friends and give to the poor people if they came to
ask for help and Holy Prophet
51. He never saved money for himself.

52. Before his death, he gave all the money away in the charity.
53. There was an event in which a Bedouin man came for help as he was hungry, Holy
Prophet Initially gave him milk of one goat but later gave him milk of seven goats in order
to fulfill his hunger.

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LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH
54. Once Holy Prophetate nothing on one night, because he gave his only sac of flour to
the person who needed it for himself and his family.

Patience:
55. He was always patient and continued spreading the message of Allah after the brutal
torture by the people of Makkah and Quraish
56. He was rumored to be a powerful magician in order to prevent people to believe him
and accept his religion

57. The enemies spread false accusations that he can separate man and his wife, father and
his son and a man from his tribe by using his magic.
58. Abu Lahab used to call him Abbar because he had no sons after his son Abdullah died.

59. Abu Lahab's wife, Umm-e-Jameel used to throw tied brambles on his way to torture
him. 60. Abu Lahao directed his both sons Utba and Utaiba to divorce Holy Prophet
daughter. Ruqayya and Umm-e-Kulsoom respectively.

61. He continued spreading the religion of Islam.

62. Once people of Quraish asked Abu Talib to hand him over to them, and Abu Talib
asked Holy Prophet

63. After listening to his reply and passion, Abu Talib never stopped him as Holy Prophet
said, "U uncle, even if they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left, I will
not renounce my mission unless Allah tulfills my mission or kills me in the process."
64. He continued on his missinn of islam even after all the torture by the pagans.
65. After Abu Talib died, the protection of his clan ended, which increased the difficulties
for the Prophet, but the continued.
He used to invite people to islam when they came to the place of Aqabah in Makkah from
Yathrib for pilgrimage.

ANSWER:
Forgiveness:
The Prophet was very merciful and forgiving. The Prophet ge said, "Allah does not show
mercy to those who do not show mercy to others." Once the Propliet was toid by a man
how he (the man) buried his daughter alive in the pre-s lamic time. The child crog "father
father," but the man did not stop dropping the stones and earth on her. Hearing this, Prophet
wept till his beard became wet.

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Once children of non-Muslims came to fight in battle. These children were slain. When the
Holy Prophet heard of this he was very depressed. He said. "Even children of non-Muslims
are better than you." The Prophet went to invite te people of Taif to istem. The leaders of
the city Masud, Habib and Abd Ya Lail told the slaves to chase the Prophet out of the city.
The Holy Prophet was pelted with stones so much so that Prophet's shoes were filled with
blood. When is a garden, Angel Jibreel came along with angel in charge of the mountains.
The angel said, "If you would like. I will cruth Inese people between these mountains."
The Prophet said, "No, but I hope Allah will create from their soed those who will worship
none but Allah the One."
The Prophet was persecuted very harshly by the people of Makkah. Their persecution
intensified to the point that the Prophet had to leave his city. At the time of the conquest of
Makkah in BAH, however, the Prophet sa declared a general amnesty. "O sons of Quraysh
what do you think I will do to you." "You are a noble brother and a sor. of a noble brother"
they said. Holy Prophet said, "I will speak to you as Yousaf spoke to his people. Go you
are free. No blame on you be this day." The Prophet even pardoned his worst enemy Hinda,
Hinda and Wahshi.
At the time of the siege of Taif, the companions came to the Prophet and asked the Prophet
to curse the people of Taif. They said, "O apostle of Allah. Thuqaif's arrows have scorched
us. So, supplicate Allah to punish them." The Prophet instead prayed for the Banu Thuqait,
"O Allah! Give guidance to Thuqaif and send them to me." The Prophet even forgave
Wahshi who had killed the Prophet beloved uncle Hamza (R.A) in the battle of Uhad.

Humility:
The Prophet was very humble and modest. The Prophet forbade the companions from
standing up for him. He says, "Dc not stand up for me as the foreigners do to show respect."
The Prophet never considered himself above anyon He took part in all the battles alongside
the Muslim warriors. The Prophet took part in the construction of the Masijd-e-Nabwi, in
Madinah as an ordinary labourer. The Prophet took part in the digging of the trench in the
battle of Trench. The Prophet once went to gather sticks from a fore of when the Muslim
army was camping.
The Prophet did his chores himself. He used to milk his sheep, sew his garment, collect
wood. "The Prophet of Allah used to sew his garment, patch his sandais and conduct
himself at home as any of you does. He was a human being. searching his garments for
lice, milking his sheep and doing his own chores.

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LIFE OF PROPHET LIFE IN MADINAH
Trustworthiness:
The Prophet was known for his honesty and trustworthiness. He was given the titles of
"Sediq" and "Ameen for there Quattes respectively. The Prophes was very honest in his
trade and day to day desings was his hocesty and trustwor nest which impressed Khadija
(RA) to the extent that she proposed to marry him Maisara, who had been sent on the bade
journey to accompany the Prophet spoke very highly of the Prophet character and tolo
Hazrat Khadija RA Now the Prophet had sole the defective grain at a lower price and
informed the buyers of the faut 605 AD, & dispute arone amongst the Quraish after the
Kaaba had been reconstructed and the time for placement of the black stone had come All
the Tribes eager to have the honour of placing it, threatened to go to war. An old man su
gested accepting the arbitration of the first person to enter the Haram the next day- Hazrat
Muhammad The Prophet placed the stone on a while sheet and told the chieftains of all the
tribes to hold the comers of the sheet. When at me right height, the Prophet deposited the
stone with his own hands. The Prophet a trustworthiness in proved by the fact that everyone
was ready to accept his arbitration on the matter.
The Prophet was entrusted with the of the Quraish even after he started preaching Islam.
At the time of migration to Madinah in 627 AD, then once ruled the belongings to All R.A
to return them to their owners demon strating his trustworthiness. Abu Jahl once said,
"Muhammad do not say you are a liar but what you say, do not think right"
Earlier in 613 AD, when the Prophet called all the people of Makkah at the hill of Safa and
asked them, "O people, if tell you that an army is standing on the other side of this hill,
would you believe me." The people said, "Yes, because we have never heard you tell a lie."

Justice and Fairness:

The Prophet was very just. He was the leader of Madinah and as decided in the charter of
Madinah, his decision over was final. Once a woman from the Quraish stole. The Prophet
ordered her hand to be cut off as the amount of the stolen things was more than the Nisab.
Usama Bin Zaid, intervened for her and requested the Prophet to forgive her as she was
from a noble clan, the clan of the Prophet Hearing this, the Prophet spoke furiously. "The
people before you were destroyed because they used to inflict the legal punishment on the
poor and forgive the rich. By him whose hand my soul is if my daughter, Fatima R.A did
this, would have cut off her hand." The Prophet did not revise his decision demonstrating
justice.The Prophet used to bonow money from the Jews at times when some destitute
would come and the Prophet a w be short of money. Once a Jew came to the mosque of the
Prophet and came up to the Prophet. He held him by his collar and shook him, demanding
his money back though the agreed day for this had not yet come. Seung Th Umar RA who

160
was sitting nearby got angry and scolded the Jew in the end. The Prophet stopped him and
returned the Jews money and paid some extra amount for the scolding of Umer.

Once some Jews of Khaybar killed a Muslim in the city. The sons of the deceased brought
the matter to the light of the Prophet asking for justice. The Prophet said, "If you swear as
to who committed the murder you shall be able to take your right from them." The sons
said, "How can we swear when we did not witness the murder. There was no doubt that the
Jews had killed the Muslim as Khyber was inhabited by the Jews only. However, as there
was no witness to the crime, the Prophet payed the blood money from the stale treasury
and did not demand anything from the Jews

Generosity:
The Prophet was very generous. He never saved money for himselt. Whenever he received
some money from exped tions, he would give most of it away in aims to the poor and the
destitule. Even if the Prophet had no money to give and a poor man would come for aid,
the Prophet would not send him away empty handed but would borrow some money from
his companions and give it to the needy.
At the time of the death of the Prophet he gave away all the money that he had in charity
saying that Prophet did not leave behind any inheritance. Orice a Bedouin came to the
Prophet and asked for something to satisfy his hunger The Prophet gave him the milk of a
goat but the Bedouin's hunger persisted. The Prophet sa gave him the milk of seven goats
till he was satisfied.
Once a hungry destitute man came to the Prophets saying that he had nothing for him and
his family to eat. The Prophet himself only had sac of flour which he gave to this man. The
Prophet himself did not eat anything that night.

Patience:
The Prophet was persecuted harshly during his stay in Makkah. However, the Prophet was
patient and did not give up preaching Islam. The leaders of the Quraish ridiculed the
Prophet They called him a magician, a soothsayer in order to prevent people from
converting to Islam, they spread the rumours that Muhammad was auch a powerful
magician that he could separate a husband from wile, a son from father and a from his tribe.
Leaders of the Quraish persecuted the Prophet physically and psychologically. Abu Lahab
called the Propheta "Abtar", one who had no son to carry forth his name, after the death of
the Prophet's second son, Abdullah Abu Lahab's wife Umm-e-Jameel used to tie brambles
and throw them in the path of the Prophet to harm him. After the revelation of Surah Lahab,
Abu Lahab made his sons Utba and Utayba divorce their wives Ruqayya and Umm-e-
Kulthoom respec tively, who were the daughters of Holy Prophet, in order to hurt him.
Muhammad instead continued his mission of spreading islam.

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The Quraish even came to Abu Talib and pressurized him to surrender Muhammad to them.
When Abu Talib told about this to his nephew. Alian's apostle said, "O uncle, even if they
place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left, I will not renounce my mission
unless Allah fulfils my mission or kills me in the process." Hearing the Prophet's deter
mination, Abu Talib refused the Quraish.

After the Prophet was also persecuted by the people of Taif but despite this, the Prophet
continued trying to preach his religion in the city for some days. Even after the death of
Abu Talib which resulted in the Prophet losing the protec tion of his clan, the Prophet tried
to preach in Makkah. When no more conversation came into effect the Prophet did not lose
hope and started preaching to the pilgrims who came to Makkah from Yathrib at the place
of Aqabah.

LIFE AND IMPORTANCE OF HOLY PROPHET

REFERENCE
REFERENCES:
"Verily 1 am the most perfect Arab amongst you, my descent is from Quraish and My
tongue of Banu Sa'ad (dis) "
I would not exchange for the choicest camels in all Arabia; the remembrance of being
present at the oath padit)
Allah sent no messenger who was not a shepherd Musa was a shepherd, David was also a
shepherd." (Hadith)
• "Did He not find you an orphan and give you shelter (and care)?
And He found you wandering, and He gave you guidance. And He found you in need and
Made you independent. (N-Duha 93:6-8)
1s1 Revelation
"Read in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clot of blood. Read your
Lord is most Generous who taught man with the pen. Taught man what he did not know
(Al-Alaq 96:1-5) 0 Muhammad (SAW) you are the Messenger of Allah, and I am Gibrail.
•You have never done any wrong to anyone, you are kind to others, and you help the poor.
Allah will not let you down." (Sahih Bukhari)

2nd Revelation
"O you who wrapped in your mantle arise and warn! Glorify your Lord. Purify yourself.
Give up uncleanliness. Give not in

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order to have more in return For the sake of your Lord endure patiently: 'And warn your
relatives." (Ash-Shura 26:214) Preaching Makkans

• "Oh sons of Abdul Muttalib! I know of no Arab who has come to his people with a nobler
message than mine. I have brought you the best of this world and the net. Allah has ordered
me to call you to Him so who of you will stand by me in this matter." (Bukhari)

"I am the youngest of you, my feet may not be strong but 0 Muhammad! i shall be your
heiper, whoever opposes you 1 shall fight him as mortal enemy."(Hazrat Ali (ra).
"Therefore declare openly to them. What you are commanded and turn away from the
pagans." (Al-Hijr 15:94)

Call at Safa
May the hand of Abu Lahab perish, doomed he is. His wealth and his properties shall not
Save him; he shall be thrown into a flaming fire of Hell." (Al-Masad 111:1-3)
Persuasions
0 uncle! even if they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left to force me
to renounce my Mission, would not stop until God fulfills my mission or destroys me in
the process."

Abyssinia
"By God, this discourse and the Bible are two brands of the same lamp." (Najashi)

Miraj
• "Glory to Him who carried His servant by night from the sacred Mosque to the distant
Mosque - the precincts of which
we have blessed in order that we might show him some of our signs." (Al-Isra 17.1) "I have
asked my Lord till am ashamed to face him." (Sahih Bukhar

Migration
• "Remember how the unbelievers plotted against you, to keep you in bonds, or slay you
or get you out (of your homes). They plot and plan: and Allah too plans, but the best of
planners is Allah" (Al-Anfal 8.30).
"For Allah did indeed help him when the unbelievers drove him out,had no more than one
companion. They were MO inthe rare and he said to his companion, have no fear for Allah
is with us." (Al Taubah.9:40) "Let it go its own way. It is under orders." (Hadith)
"When the angels take the souls of those who die in sin against their they say: in what

163
They say. "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to move yourselves away
(from evil)?" Such men will find their abode in Hell what an evil refuge!" (Al-Nisa 4:97)

1 A.H Mosque
"There is a mosque whose foundation was laid from the first day on piety, it is more worthy
of your standing forth (for prayer) therein. In it are men who love to be purified and Allah
loves those who make themselves pure." (Al-Taubah 9:108).

LIFE AND IMPORTANCE OF HOLY PROPHET

REFERENCE

Brotherhood
And remember with gratitude Allah's favor on you; for you were enemies and He joined
your nears in love so that by giace you became brothers."

2 A.HFoating
belevers! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those, before you so
that you may guard against in Bagaran 2:183)

Zakat
And spend of Your substance in the cause of Allah and make not your own hands contribute
to your destruction but do good for Alah loves those who do good." (Baqarah 2:195).

Change in Qibla
"We see the turning of thy face (far guidance), to the heavens, now shall we turn thee to a
Qibla that shall please thee. Tum then your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque;
wherever you are turn your faces in that direction." (2:144).
permission is given, against those Whom war is made (to fight) because they were
wronged, verily Allah is able to help JA-Haj 22:39)

Hypocrites
"When it is said to them, come to what Allah has revealed, and to the prophet, you see the
hypocrites turn their faces from you in (AL-Nisa 4.61)

Badr
you believe in Allah and what we sent down on our servant on the Day of Distinguishing,
the day two hosts met. (Al-An841)
"O Allah if his small band of men perish, there will be no one alive to worship you. And
your faith will be destroyed forever" (Sahih Bukhari)

164
"Indeed, there was a sign for you when the two armies met, one army fighting in the way
of Allah, and the other disbeliev("Al-Imran 3:12)

"Allah had helped you at Badr, when you were a small force. Then fear Allah, that you
may show your gratitude. Remember you said to the faithful, is it not enough for you that
Allah should help you with three thousand angels specially sent down

3 A.H uhad
Allan did indeed fulfill his promise to you when you, with his permission were about to
annihilate your enemy, until you turched and fell to disputing about the order and you
disobeyed, after He had shown you that for which, you longed, some of you desired the
world and some of you desired the Hereafter." (Al-Imran 3:152)

Charter for Christians

Verily wines and games of chances, idols and diving arrows are abomination devised; leave
them aside that you may prosper (Al-Maidah 5:90)
Very & the servants, the helpers and my followers defend them, neither are their judges to
be removed from their jobs nor their monks from their monasteries. Verily, they are my
allies and have my secure charter against. all that they hate. 12 female Christian is married
to a Muslim, it is not to take place without her approval. She is not to be prevented from
siding her church to pray. Their churches are to be respected; they are neither to be
prevented from repairing them nor ne sacredness of their covenants." (Hadith)

A.H Trench
"When they came against you from above you and from below you, and when your eyes
swerved and your hearts wached your throats, and you thought thoughts about Allah; there
it was that the believers were tried and shaken most mightily"

A.H Hudaibiya
"Allah indeed fulfilled the vision for His Messenger with truth. You shall certainly enter
the Sacred Mosque if Allah pleases in security." (Al-Fath 48.27)
"Allah indeed was pleased with the believers, when they swore allegiance to you under the
tree and He knew what was in their hearts, so he sent down peace on them and rewarded
them with clear victory." (Al-Path 43:18)
Surely we have granted you a clear victory." (Al-Fath 48.1)

LIFE AND IMPORTANCE OF HOLY PROPHET

REFERENCE
AH Conquest of Makka

165
"And say the truth has come, and falsehood has banished. Surely faisefood is bound to
perish." (Al-Isra 17:81)

"There is no god but Allah alone. He has no partners. He has made good his promise. O
people of Qurash Allah has abolished the haughtiness of the jahiyyah and its veneration of
ancestors. People all spring from Adam and Adam come from dust( Al Hujrat 49.13)

10AH Pilgrimage
"Pagrimage is a duty man owe to Allah those who can afford the journey"-Invan 3.97)
"At Your service, O Allahi at Your service! You have no partner at your service! Praise
and Blessing are Yours and the Kingdom You have no associate." (Hadith)
"O people! Listen to my words don't know whether, after this year, I shall be amongst you
again. Therefore, litter to what I am saying to you carefully and take these words to those
who could not be present here today"
"Allah has forbidden you to take usury interest) therefore all interest obligations shail
nenceforth be waived."

For your safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead of
following him in small things."
you astray in big things, so beware "O people! Listen to me in eamest, worship Allah, say
your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth it. Zakat.
Perform Hajj if you can afford to

You know-that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. You are all equal Nobody
has superiority over other exceptby plety and good action 0And your slaves see that you
feed them such food as you eat and cloth them with what you wear, if they cominit a faut
you are not inclined to forgive, part from them and do not treat them harshly." "Remember
one day you will appear before Allah and answer for your deeds, so beware, do not astray
from the path of righteousness after I am gone:

"0 people, no prophet or cpostle will come aher me and no new faith will be born. Reason
well, therefore 0' people! and understand my words, I convey to you"
"I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my example. the Sunnah and if you follow
these you will never go astray." "All those who listen to nie shait on my words to others
and those to others again, and may the last ones understand ny words better than those who
listen to me directly. Be my witness O Allah! have conveyed your message to you."

"This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you and have
chosen for you Istars as your religion." (Al Maidah 5:3)

166
"Allah nas granted the choice to His servant to accept the good things of life. or all that is
with Allah in eternity. But this servant has chosen the blessings that are with Allah."
(bukhari) The rights of you attached to me, I am a human. I have hurt anyone's honor. Here
is tny honor, he should average himself." "Be watchful about your five daily prayers, and
rights of your women and servant."

"Do not worship my grave after me, Allah alone is worthy of all worship."
"Now, none but He, the companion on High is needed." (Sahih Bukhari) "O people! to as
for him who worshipped Muhammad (SAW). Munammad (SAW) is dead, but as for him
who
Worshipped Allah. Allah is alive and dies not."

RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS

REFERENCE
THE RIGHTS OF PARENTS
REFERENCE
The Holy Quran says, "And remember We took a covenant from the children of Israel to
this effect), worship none but Allah treat with kindness your "Bagaran 283 Once a man
asked the Holy Prophet "What deeds are the best? "The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "

(1) to perform the prayers at their stated feed times

(2) Toe gout and dutiful to one's own parents

(3) And to participate in Jihad in Allah's cause. (Bukhari)

Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "The parents of a person are his heaven or hell."(Ibn-Majah)
The Prophet (SAW) said. "Allah has forbidden for godsdence of parents miseries face
claims, and burying alive of femaletuber e once said. "in the good pleasure of the father
lies the good pleature of the creator and in his displeasure lies the displeasure of the creator.
(Tirmzi)

Quran says. "We have enjoined on man kindness to his parents in gain did his mother bear
him. At length when he reaches the age of full strengh mains forty years he says. "O my
Lord Grant me that may be grateful for your favor which you have bestowed upon me and
upon my parents.
The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, paradise lies at the feet of mother. "(Ahmad Nasal another
tradition, it is said, "A father is one of the doors of Paradise"

167
The Prophet (SAW) said, "No obedient son looks towards parents with kindness, but Allah
writes for him one accepted pilgrimage for every such look They enquired. "Andis fi he
looks hundred times every day.
" Yes said he, "Allah is the Greatest and most Beneficent." (Bana) Holy Prophet (SAW)
said, "Both you and your wealth belong to your father. Verify your children are the best of
your earning. So eat of the earning of your children (Abu Daud ibn Majah)
The Prophet (SAW) said, "To abuse one's parents is also a major sin. "He was asked. "Can
anyone abuse his parents?" yes the prophet (SAW) replied, a person abused someone else's
parents and that person in retaliation, abused his parents, and then it is as though he himself
had abused his parents. Agreed)
The Quran says, "And say. My Lord! Have mercy on both of them. As they cared for me
when was little." (Al-Isra) Once a man came to the Holy Prophet (SAW) and asked him,
"O Prophet of Allah! Are her some rights of my parents on me, after they have died? "Yes,
he Prophet (S.AW) replied, made to anyone to pay due regard to the bonds of relationship
from their side and to be respectful to their friends. (Abu Daud) The Holy Quran says.
"And remember we took a coveriant form the children of Israel (to this effect), worship
none but Allah, treat with kindness your arents (Al Baqarah 2:83)

as a man asked the Holy Prophet. "What deeds are the best?" The Holy Prophet (SAW said
(1) To perform thenone but Allah, treat with kindness your Once a man asked the Holy
Prophet "What deeds are the best?" The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "13) To perform the
prayers at their stated teed m To be good and dutiful to one's own parents (3) And to
participate in Jhad in Allah's cause." Bukhar The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "the parents
of a person are his heaven or hell (Majah)
once Prophet (SAW) add pleasure of the father ounce of parents miserliness, false cams,
and burying alles o temales Cahih Bukhar e and once said, "is the good pleasure of the
father lies the good pleasure of the creator and in his displeasures ties the displeasure of
the creator"
The Duran says. "We have enjoy Cordt Grant me that may per la in pain dig his mother
beg him. Allen eigen me and go out and Theirs forty years which you have bestowed upon
me and upon my parents"
The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "Paradise lies at the feet of mother." (Ahmad Nas another
tradition, it is said, "A father is one of the doors of Paradise."
The Holy Prophet (SAW). "No obedient son looks towards his parents with kindness, but
Allah writes for him on accepted pilgrimage for every such look They enquired, "And if
he looks hundred times every day."Yes said he, "Allah is the Greatest and most

168
Beneficent." The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "Both you and your wealth belong to your
father. Verify your children

are the best of your earning. So eat of the earning of your children." (Abu Daud .Ibn Majah)
The Prophet (SAW) said. "To abuse one's parents is also a major sin. "He was asked, "Can
anyone abuse his parents? yes the prophet (S.AW) replied, a person abused someone else's
parents and that person in retaliation, abused his parents, and then it is as though he himself
had abused his parents. The Quran says. "And say, My Lord! Have mercy on both of them.
As they cared for me when was little." (Al-Isra Agreed)

Once a man came to the Holy Prophet (SAW) and asked him. "O Prophet of Allaht Are her
some rights of my parents on me, after they have died? "Yes, the Prophet (SAW) replied,
made to anyone to pay due regard to the bonds of relationship from their side and to be
respectful to their friends" (Abu Daud)

THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN:

REFERENCE:
Allah Says, "Your riches and your children may be but a trial, but in the presence of Allah
is the highest Reward" (At-Taghabun) Allah says, "Kill not your children on a plea of want.
We provide sustenance for you and for them." (Al-Inam)

Abu Rafay (ra) Related, "I saw the Prophet (S.AW) saying adhan of salah in the ear of his
grandson Hasan (ra), when the child was born to his daughter Fatima (ra)." (Abu Daud,
Tirmizi)
The Prophet (S.AW) said, "To whom so ever, a child is born, and he wants to perform a
sacrifice of aqeeqah on behalf of it, he should sacrifice two goats a boy and one for a girl."
(Abu Daud)
The Holy Prophet (S.AW) also said, "it is also a claim of the child on his father that he
gives him a good name and teaches him good manners." (Bukhari)

RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS REFERENCE

Allah says "Enjoin prayer on your people, and be constant therein (Rights of Orphans)
The Quran says. "Honor them and treat them with politeness, kindness, courtesy and
generesity (89.16-17)
"De not push, thrust or drive them in a violent way, harsh, rough, course or rude manner."
(1072) This is a contravention of Allah's Law" (Ad-Deen) 107

169
Allah also says, "Sapply them with the means of subsistence in their time of hunger and
destitution (90:14-15). Do it so in spite of your love for money desiring not any recompense
nor thanks from them (76:8-9)
Quran mentions. "Stand firm for justice to them" (4.127) it also says "Do IHSAAN (good)
to them till their economic or emotional imbalance is no more." (2:63, 4:36)

Allah commands. "if need be, marry the orphan girl (4:3) when they come of age (4:6) or
widows (4:127) whom you like and who
M:19) and be their protector and maintainer" (4:34)

Allah says in the Holy Quran. Do not unjustly or corruptly eat up ther property, except to
improve it, until they attain the age of full strength." (6:152)
He says. "Treat not the orphan with harshness" (90

The Prophet (SAW) says, "the best of the home of a Muslim is the one wherein there is an
orphan who a treated well, and the worst home of Musi cone where in there: an orphan
who is treated badly (ibm-Majah).

He also said I and he who take charge of an orphan whether he others shall be in Paradore
this. He pointed out with his fore finger and thy Prophet ge middle finger leaving no space
between the two .(Sahih Bukhari).

Allah says, "Serve Allah and join not any partners with him And do good to parents of
orphans, those in need neighbor's who are near neighbors we are strangers the companion
by your side the way-taran (ou meet and what your right possess (An-Nisa 4:36)
The Holy Prophet (SAW) said. "The one who strives for the widows and the poor is like
the fight is the way of Allah , he said I shall regard him who stands up for prayers without
rest and as one who fasts without break"
Allah says. "To spend your substamce out of love for him .for your skin ,for Orphans ,for
needy ,for the wayfarer ,for those who.ask and for the random of slaves."( Al_ Baqrah)

The messenger of Allah said. "A man has sinned enough if he neglects to feed those in
needs. "(Musim and Abu Daud ).
Allah says. "And encourages not the feeding of the indigent (Al-Maun )

Note: That the above verse describes one of the signs of a hypocrite rights of islamic
Brotherhood.
After forming brotherhood The Holy Prophet (SAW) said. "The connection between the
Muslisms is like that of a strong building one part strengthens and other (agreed ).

170
He also said, "The Muslim society is like a body in respect of mural love and sympathy if
a limb body suffer pain, the whole body respond to it by sleeplessness and fever (Agreed)

Allah says, "Never shoud & believer, but if it so happens) by mistake 4.97).
The Holy Prophet (SAW) said, "None of you believe until he wishes for his brother what
he wishes for himself (Mishkat)

He also said, "Beware of the conjectures because conjecture is the most false of talks and
be not inquisitive nor overear anything ner in spite with another nor envy one another, nor
hate one another, not leave another in the lurch,and take the servants of Allah as
brethren."(agreed)
Allah says ,of two parties among the believers fall I'm to.a quarrel ,make the peaches
between them."(Al_ Hujrat 49:9)

Allah says ,"(they are ) those who,if we established them in the land ,establish regular
prayer and give regular zakat ( regular charity),enjoy what is right and forbid what is wrong
."( Al_Hajj 22:47).

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY WIVES

HAZRAT KHADIJA (R.A)
HIGHLIGHTS
1.Hazrat khadija (RA ) was the daughter of a wealthy merchant Khuwaild ibn Assad
2. She belonged to Quraish.

3 Her father died after waving great fortune for her .

4 She was married twice in the past and put separated from both husbands
5. She bore the children, Hinda, Harith and Hind

6She took over her father's big and used to trade with other countries.
7.Previously the rejected many marriage proposal one of the business Tracing trips to
Syria, someone recommended Hay Prophets because of his truefulness and trustworthiness

Holy Prophet trip to Slain 595 AD generated lot of profits, which impressed Hazrat Khadija
(HA) 10 Hazrat Khadije (RA) servant Maisara also told her about his honesty and reported
good things about him

11. Hazrat khadija) was so overwhelmed by this information, that she sent an offer to Holy
Prophet to marry her through her friend, Nafeesa regard him as

171
 12. 12Holy Prophet was twenty-five years and Hazrat Khadija was forty years old at the
time of the marriage.

13 After talking to his uncle, Abu Talib, he accepted the offerand for the ram.
14. They had two sons who died as newborn and four daughters
15. Elder son was Qasim, Holy Prophet was called 'Abu Qasim'.

16. 16. Younger son was Abdullah and was called as 'Al-Tahir' and 'Al-Tayyab
17. Daughters were Zainab, Ruqqayah, Kutsoom and Fatima (RA).
18 Hazrat Khadija (RA) gave all her money to Holy Prophet which finished his financial
problems, as Quran stated, "And He found you in need and He made you independent."
(93:8) 19. Hazrat Khadija was one of the most caring wife of Holy Prophet as she stood by
his side, when no one else was there for him

20 She faced criticism but she never left him.

21. She was the first who comforted him when Holy Prophet came home terrified after he
received the revelations She said that his good work towards other human beings would
not go in vain.
22. Waraga-bin-Naufil, Hazrat Khadija cousin also told him that he is the Messenger of
Allah now.

23 Hazrat Khadija was always present with him.

24 She faced an enormous amount of backlash during the early days of Prophethood

25. She was the first person to accept Islam.

26 She died in Tenth year of Prophethood, and the year was called the year of grief. what
is

27 Holy Prophet once said, "The noblest woman of the world are Maryam and Khadija."
28. Hals, Hazrat Khadija sister once came to meet Holy Prophet when he was with Aisha
(R.A), and Holy Prophet. recognized her from her voice and said, "this must be Hala; her
voice is just like that of Khadijah."
29. Aisha (RA) replied, "How is it that you always think of the old woman, who is no more
living, when Allah given you much better wives."

30. Holy Prophet said, "Never better." "She was the wife who believed in me when other
rejected me. people refused to believe me, she affirmed my truthfulness. When stood
forsaken, she spent her wealth to ligh burden of my sorrow."

172
31. is referred by Muslims as the "Mother of the Believers".
Hazrat Khadija (RA) belonged from a Quraish family. Her father Khuwalid Ibn Assad left
her a huge amount of fortune at he was a wealthy businessman. She continued his business
after his death and used to send products to other coun She had three children from her past
two marriages, from which she got divorced. The children were Harith, Hinda and Hind.
She rejected a number of marriage proposals after her husbands' death.
Prophet was famous for his truthfulness and honesty, and because of this someone
recommended his name to Khadija (R.A) for carrying out business. She sent her
merchandise with him to Syria, which returned in huge profits. beover Hazrat Khadija (RA)
servant Maisara also praised about his behaviour to her. Hazrat Khadija (RA) was so
mpressed with his nature that she sent him an offer to marry through her friend Nafeesa.
Holy Prophet concerned his ce. Abu Talib on this offer and accepted it. They got married
when she was forty years old and he was twenty-five ears old. They had six children from
the marriage, two sons who died when new-born and four daughters. Eldest son Qasim, for
which Holy Prophet was known as 'Abu Qasim. Younger son was Abdullah, who was given
the title of 4-Tahr' and 'Al-Tayyab'. Four daughters of Holy Prophet and Hazrat Khadija
were Zainab, Ruqayya, Kulsoom and Fatima (RA). FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
WIVES
Hazrat Khadija (R.A) was so beloved to Holy Prophet and he respected her so much. She
always stood by him in hour of need. She was present for him when he received the
revelation and came home terrified, she comforted him and assured him that Allah will
never embarrass him. She took him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufil and he told him that
he is now the Messenger of Allah. Holy Prophet was facing financial problems, she solved
that. She has given out all her money to him, which is also stated in Quran, "And He found
you in need and He made you independent." (93:8). She faced all the criticism for
supporting him, but she never backed out. She was the first one among all to accept the
message of Islan She was also the first person ever to accept Islam.
The year she passed away was called the "Year of Grief, which is the tenth year of
Prophethood. Holy Prophet always thought higher of her and kept her in his memories. He
once said. "The noblest woman of the world are Maryam and Khadija." Hazrat Jibreel (AS)
used to send greetings to her through the Holy Prophet

Once Holy Prophet was with Hazrat Aisha (R.A), when Hala, Hazrat Khadija (R.A) visited
him. Holy Prophet recog nizes her from her voice as it resembles a lot from Hazrat Khadija
(R.A). He said, "this must be Hala; her voice is just like that of Khadijah." Hazrat Aisha
(R.A) replied, "How is it that you always think of the old woman, who is no more living,
when Allah has given you much better wives." Then Holy Prophet said, "Never better."
"She was the wile who believed in me when other rejected me. When people refused to
believe me, she affirmed my truthfulness. When stood forsaken, she spent her wealth to

173
lighten a burden of my sorrow." His love for her was so immense that it even sometimes
caused Hazrat Aisha (R.A) jealous. He never married anyone else while Hazrat Khadija
(R.A) was alive. She is referred to as the "Mother of Believers" by the entire Muslim
Ummah.

HAZRAT SAUDAH

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The Holy Prophet was heartbroken after the death of his first wife, Hazrat Khadija
2. Hazrat Khaulah bint Hakimra - the wife of Hazrat Uthman bin Maz'un commented, "O
Messenger of Allah! You have become so lonely and saddened after Hazrat Khadijah's
(RA) demise," the Holy Prophet responded, "Of course after all she was the mother of my
children and supervisor of the house"

3. Hazrat Saudah's (R.A) father, Zama'ah bin Qals, was from a branch of the Quraish clan
4. Her mother was Shammus bint Oals, belonged to the tribe of Banu Najjar in Madinah
5. Hazrat Sukran bin 'Amoro Al-Qarshira was Hazrat Saudah's cousin and husband and he
passed away during migra tion to Abyssinia
6 Hazrat Khaulah bint Hakimra, first gave the suggestion to the Holy Prophet for marrying
Hazrat Saudah due to the lonely environment circulating around the Prophet's home

7. At the request of the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Khaulah bint Hakimra, she approached Hazrat
Saudah who said, "I have believed in the Messenger of Allah and I am within his Bai'at;
what could be a greater privilege for me than this marriage proposal?"
8. Following which Hazrat Khaulah bint Hakimra seeked the permission of Hazrat
Saudah's father, who said "What could be a better and more honorable marriage proposal
for Saudah than this?"
9. The Messenger of Allah fixed her dowry at four hundred dinars.
10. Hazrat Saudah (RA) thus enjoyed the distinction of becoming the first wife of the Holy
Prophet following the demise of Hazrat Khadijah (R.A).
11. Hazrat Saudah (R.A) narrates: "Long before marrying the Holy Prophet (saw), I saw in
a dream that the Holy Prophet had come and placed his feet upon my neck. I related this
dream to my husband. He remarked, "If this dream is true then after my death, you shall
tie the knot with the Holy Prophet (saw)"NOTE:
When the Holy Prophet Muhammad's first wife, Hazrat Khadija (R.A), passed away, her
death left him bereft. It is reported that when Hazrat Khaulah bint Hakimra - the wife of
Hazrat Uthman bin Maz'un commented, "O Messenger of Allah! You have become so

174
lonely and saddened after Hazrat Khadijah's (R.A) demise," the Holy Prophet (saw)
responded, "Of course - after all she was the mother of my children and supervisor of the
house." Indeed, Hazrat Khadija (R.A) had managed the operations of her household so well
that it allowed the Holy Prophet (saw) to fully focus on Carrying out his religious
obligations and responsibilities. Her death also left a vacuum in the communal life of the
Muslims and in the education and moral training of the Muslim women. And so, Prophet
Muhammad decided to marry audah, a widower.
Hazrat Saudah's (R.A) father, Zama'ah bin Qais, was from a branch of the Quraish clan,
whereas her mother, Shammus at Qais, belonged to the tribe of Banu Najjar in Madinah.
Following the Messenger of Allah's claim to prophethood. FIRST ISLAMIC
COMMUNITY WIVES

Hazrat Saudah had the honour of accepting Islam during the early period of Islam. She was
married to her cousin, Heat Sukran bin 'Amore Al-Qarshira. He had the privilege of being
a Companion to the Holy Prophet and also had the dis tinction of migrating to Abyssinia;
Hazrat Saudah (RA) accompanied him throughout the migration although according to
some narrations, Hazrat Sukran R.A passed away during the journey on migrating to
Abyssinia. Therefore, in addition to having performed migration, Hazrat Saudah (RA) also
earned the distinction becoming the widow of a Muhajir (migrant) Companion
Hazrat Khaulah bint Hakimra, an esteemed female Companion, went to the Holy Prophet
as a representative for the rest of the Muslims and offered some suggestions to him
regarding suitable marriage partners. They found the environ ment in the Prophet's home
to be lonely with no one to care for his children. Out of these suggestions, the Holy Prophet
expressed a preference for Hazrat Saudah (RA), who was a relatively older widow. Hazrat
Khaulah then spoke to Hazrat Saudah (RA). Her response was, "I have believed in the
Messenger of Allah and am within his Bai'at; what could be a greater privilege for me than
this marriage proposal?" Hazrat Khaulah then went to Hazrat Saudah's (RA) father. He
responded, "What could be a better and more honourable marriage proposal for Saudah
than this?" And so, they tied the knot during the Makkan period, the Messenger of Allah
fixed her dowry at four hundred dinars and Hazrat Saudah along with children from her
first marriage joined the household of Prophet Muhammad (saw). She had the privilege of
becoming the first wife of the Prophet after the tragic death of his most beloved wife,
Khadijah (R.A).
Before her marriage to the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Saudah had a few dreams regarding the
Messenger of Allah about which she told her husband, one of which Hazrat Saudah (R.A)
narrates: "Long before marrying the Holy Prophet. I saw in a dream that the Holy Prophet
had come and placed his feet upon my neck. I related this dream to my husband. He
remarked, "If this dream is true then after my death, you shall tie the knot with the Holy
Prophet

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In the Madinan era, probably around 6th or 7th A.H., Sawdah began to feel that the Prophet
might divorce her. Muhammad had allocated different nights to his wives so each of them
was given the same level of attention and love. Sawdah gave a portion of time that was
allotted to her to Aishah.Due to Hazrat Saudah's (RA) endearing simplicity and
straightforwardness, she would at times unintentionally do amusing things and the Holy
Prophet enjoyed them thoroughly, when she found out about the appearance of Dajjal she
became so scared that she hid under the bed and this incident has been narrated by Hazrat
Aisha. Hazrat Saudah (RA) was of a very simple and pious disposition. Her faith was
unquestioning, so much so that whenever she heard something pious or beneficial, even
once, she would adopt the practice resolutely. Upon the occasion of the Last Pilgrimage to
Makkah, the Holy Prophet mentioned to his Companions that, "This may be my last
Pilgrimage. After this, obstacles shall be created." Hazrat Saudah (R.A), in her simplicity,
stuck to these words of the Holy Prophet literally.
Hazrat Saudah (R.A) had a particular love for the Holy Prophet. In his last illness, the Holy
Prophet said, "Among the pure wives of the Prophet, the first wife to meet me there will
be the one with the longest hands." After hearing this, the Prophet's wives began measuring
their hands to check who was most fortunate enough to have the longest hands and thus be
the first to reach her beloved! Hazrat Saudah (R.A), who was tall, turned out to have the
longest hands. She was very pleased and said, "This good fortune will fall to my lot first
and I will be the first to be reunited with my beloved.

"HAZRAT AISHA (R.A)

HIGHLIGHTS:
Hazrat Aisha (RA) was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). 2 She knew Holy Prophet
all her life.
1 As most of the sources say, she married Holy Prophet when she was 9 years old, but she
did not live with him until metime
She was the third wife of Holy Prophet and the dearest one.
5.Holy Prophet married her to strengthen his ties with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A). Hazrat
Aisha (RA) started living with him in Madina in 2AH/ 624 AD.
Holy Prophet was always attracted to her because of her energetic and vibrant presence.
She was always considered as his main wife, even though she was the third.

There was one event which demeaned Holy Prophet because of her. 10 in this event, she
went to an expedition with Holy Prophet and got lost,
11. She was waiting for help sitting on a desert, when a companion of the Prophet came
and took her back to Madina.

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12. There were rumors and gossiping about this event and questions were raised on Hazrat
Alsha (RA). 13. The leader of Hypocrites, Abdullah Ibn Ubbay spread a lot of rumors and
made this a huge issue..

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14. Abdullah ibn Ubbay was always ready to attack Holy Prophet 15. There was nothing
against Hazrat Aisha (RA).
16. The verse also came in favor of her, which states, "Those who brought forward the lie
are a body among your selves: think it not to be an evil to you; On the contrary it is good
for you: To every man among them (will come punish ment) of the sin that he earned, And
to him who took on himself the lead among them, will be a chastisement grievous. Why
did not the believers, men and women, when you heard of the affair, think well of their
people and say. 'This is an obvious lie'? Why did they not bring four witnesses to prove it?
When they have not brought the witnesses,such men in the sight of Allah are themselves
liar." (Al-Nur 24.11-13)
17. These verses clarified that Hazrat Aisha (R.A) was innocent and also showed Allah's
disapproval towards wrong allegations.

18. Holy Prophet love for her continued till his last breath.
19. He spent his last days in her apartment where she took care of him.

20. He was buried in Hazrat Aisha (RA) apartment

21. Hazrat Aisha became a widow at the age of eighteen.
22. Hazrat Aisha (R.A) spent time in the caliphate of her father Hazrat Abu Bakr, then
Hazrat Umar and also in Hazrat Usman caliphate.
23. She was busy in preaching teachings of Islam and Sunnah of the Prophet after his death.
24 She stood against the murderers of Hazrat Usman

25. She fought in the Battle of Camel.

26. She was asked by many leaders for her opinion on some matters.
27. She died in 35 AH/656 AD and was laid down in Madinah.

28. She was known for her beauty and knowledge regarding Arabic poetry.
29. She reported a total of 2210 hadiths.
30. In Ahmed ibn Hanbal, Musnad, a lot of her reported hadiths were included.

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31. In Al-Bukhari and Muslims sahih, about 300 traditions were added.
NOTE:

Hazrat Aisha (R.A) was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) and she knew the Holy
Prophet from her childhood. Holy Prophet married her, when she was nine years old. It
was reported that one of the reason why Holy Prophet married her was to make his
relationship with Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) stronger. However, they did not live with each
other till 2AH/ 624 AD.
Hazrat Aisha (RA) was so full of life that she always attracts Holy Prophet and became
dear to him. She was his third wife and one of the most favourite. She was always
considered his prime wife. He always supported her and was fond of her. However, there
was one event which humiliated Holy Prophet because there were so many talks surfaced
regarding Hazrat Aisha (R.A). Once, she went on an expedition with Holy Prophet and
went lost. Holy Prophet moved forward without noticing her absence. She was waiting for
Holy Prophet to find her or some help so that she gets back to Madinah. While, she was
sitting in the desert waiting, a handsome young man passed by her and helped her to get
back to Madinah. On seeing her, corning back with some strange man, rumours were spread
against her. The leader of hypocrite, Abdullah ibn Ubayy, was so against Holy Prophet that
he made a huge issue about this event. However, Hazrat Aisha(RA) innocence was proved
in verses which came upon Holy Prophet. The verses stated: "Those who brought forward
the lie are a body among yourselves: think it not to be an evil to you. On the contrary it is
good for you:
To every man among them (will come punishment) of the sin that he earned,

And to him who took on himself the lead among them, will be a chastisement grievous.
Why did not the believers, men and women, when you heard of the affair, think well of
their people and say, 'This is an obvious lie"? Why did they not bring four witnesses to
prove it? When they have not brought the witnesses, such men in the sight of Allah are
themselves liar." (Al-Nur 24.11-13)
This verse clearly showed that Hazrat Aisha (R.A) was not at fault and she did not do
anything wrong. Moreover, this verse also showed Allah's opposition towards wrong
allegations. This verse clearly shows that Allah is not fond of this kind of behaviour in
which people spreads false news about someone. However, Holy Prophet continued loving
and respecting his wife, Hazrat Aisha (R.A). He even wished to spend his last days in
Hazrat Aisha (RA) apartment, where she took care of her. He was also buried in her
apartment. At the age of eighteen, she became a widow.

She was always known for her knowledge and beauty. She lived during Hazrat Abu Bakr,
Hazrat Umar and Hazrat Usman time of caliphate. She stayed out of everything during
Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Umar's time, but opposed some policies of Hazrat Usman.

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However, she was against the brutal murder of Hazrat Usman (R.A). She fought in a battle
called the Battle of Camel. The battle was lost by the Muslims, and she went back to
Madinah with great respect.

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WIVES
After this event, she stayed out of all the politics. However, a lot of Muslim leaders came
to get opinions from her.She was known to report a lot of hadith It was said that she
reported a total of 2210 traditions .In Musnad by Ahmed ibn Hanbal he included a lot of
traditions . Also 300 of her hadiths were included by Al-Bukhari and Muslim in their shahi.
She died in 58 AH/ 678 AD.

HAFSA BINT UMAR

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.She was the daughter of Hazrat Umar, and Zainab bin Mazun (RA)
2.She belonged to the tribe of Banu Adi

3.She was born five years before Prophethood.

4Huzaifa's son, Khunais, was Hazrat Hafsa's first Husband
5. She accepted the message of Allah, with her husband and parents.

6. She traveled with her husband first to Abyssinia and then to Madinah
7.Khunais died in the Battle of Badr & Moly Prophet offered to marry her after her locat
period.
He wanted to have strong ties with Hazrat Umar and family
10. She was after Ayesha (RA) to memorize Quran by heart.

11. She was with the Holy Prophet for eight years.
12. When the Quran was compiled, one copy was kept with Hazrat Hafsa, called "Mushat
e Hafsah 13 Hazrat Usman (RA) took her Mushaf for bringing all Quran copies in Ine with
each other.
14 She was also known to report Hadiths
15. She was with Holy Prophet when revelation came upon him after the honey event, and
she told him that his mouth not smelling pleasant
16. She died when she was sixty years oldNOTE:

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She was the daughter of Umar (R.A) and Zainab bint Mazun (RA) She belonged to the tbe
of Banu Rd and was married to Khunais. She entered into the religion of Islam, along with
her parents and husband She traveled to Abyssin with her husband. She was one of those
who travel to the city of Madinah Khunes fought in the Battle of Badr and was martyred
while fighting to defend the lalem. After her iddal period passed away, Holy Prophet
presented Use offer t marry her, which she agreed, and they got married. Holy Prophet
wanted to strengthen his ties with Hazrat Umar s
Harral Halsa was one of the most devoted and pious lady. She was born five years before
Holy Prophet Prophethood tamily and she spent eight years with Holy Prophet as his wife.
She had the honour of memorizing Quran by heart after Hazrat Ayesha (RA). She reported
a lot of traditions.

When the Quran was compiled, one of the copy was kept with Hazrat Hafsa for sale
protection, which is known as, Mushaf. Hazrat Usman took the copy for bringing the
Quranic copies in line with each other. She was the one who was present with Holy Prophet
when the incident of honey happened and he received the revelation, and she told him that
th is not smelling good. She died when she was sixty years.

HAZRAT ZAINAB BINT KHUZAYMA

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Belonged to the tribe of Banu Hilal

2. She was born 13 years before Prophethood.

3. She was first married to Abdullah bin Jahsh. 4. Abdullah bin Jahsh was martyred during
the Battle of Uhad

5. One year after his death, Holy Prophet proposed her to marry and provide protection and
a house to live.
6. She married Holy Prophet in 3AH.
.7. At the time of marriage, she was 30 years old and the Prophet was 55 years old.
8. She was a very open-hearted person, which impressed Holy Prophet.
9. She was known as, 'Umm al-masakin', 'Mother of the Destitute'.

10. She was always present to help others including orphans.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY WIVES

11. After three months of marriage, she died. 12. She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

13. Holy Prophet led her funeral prayers.

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NOTE:
She belonged to the tribe of Banu Hilal and was born 13 years before Frophethood.
Abdullah bin Jahsh was her first husband, who got martyred in the Battle of Uhad. After
one year of his death, Holy Prophet offered to marry her, and she accepted. Holy Prophet
offered her to marry because he wanted to provide for her the house to live and take her
under her protection so that she does not fall into the hypocrite's hand. She married to Holy
Prophet in 3AH. She was 30 years old while the Prophet was 55 years old at the time of
marriage.

She was a very generous and giving nature person. She was known as. 'Umme Masakin',
also known as, 'Mother of the Destitute'. She died three months after marriage. She was
Isid down in Jannat UI Baqi and Holy Prophet conducted. her funeral prayers.

HAZRAT UMME SALAMA

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. She was the daughter of Abu Umayyah, who belonged to a noble family
2.She was first married to Abu Salamah.
3. She and her husband were among the first ones to move to Abyssinia.
4. Abu Salamah died in the Battle of Ulad.

5. She was living a life of a widow.

6. Hazrat Abu Bakr first proposed her to marry but she refused.

7. She chose not to remarry because she does not like anyone in comparison to her first
husband.
8. Holy Prophet proposed her later, which she accepted.

9. They were married in 4AH.

10. She was amongst the first to have accepted Islam and the very first among women to
have migrated to Medina.

11. She had memorized the Quran by heart and also participated in many expeditions.
12. While at Hudaibiya, she convinced Holy Prophet to sacrifice something in order to
motivate the people to sacrifice something to God.

13. She was the last wife to die at the age of eighty-four.
14. She reported three hundred and seventy-eight hadiths.

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15. She reported traditions of her first husband Abu Salamah, Holy Prophet and Hazrat
Fatima (RA).

15. She reported traditions of her first husband Abu Salamah, Holy Prophet and Hazrat
Fatima (RA)

NOTE:
Umme Salama was the daughter of Abu Umayyah. She belonged to a noble family and was
the first one to move to Abys sinia along with her husband, Abu Salama. He died while
defending Islam in the Battle of Unad. After har husband death, Hazrat Abu Bakr first
offered her to marry but she refused. Hazrat Umar said, at this occasion, that she does no
like anyone in comparison to her husband, but then Holy Prophet sent the proposal. She
accepted the proposal and they got married in 4AH.
She was among the very first converts of Islam and the first women in Islam to have
migrated to Madinah. She was a devoted and pious lady. Also, she has learned the Quran
by heart and took part in numerous expeditions. It was reported that at Hudaiblya, when
Holy Prophet asked everyone to sacrifice something, she asked Holy Prophet to sacrifice
something first so people will follow his path. It was known that she reported the traditions
of Holy Prophet. Hazrat Fatima (R.A), and her first husband Abu Salamah. She reported
about three hundred and seventy-eight Hadiths. She was the last among the wives to die at
the age of eighty-four.

HAZRAT ZAINAB BINT JAHSH

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Zaynab bint Jahsh was the daughter ofUmayya bint Abdul Muttalib, the paternal aunt of
the Prophet, thus being his cousin.
2. Her real name was "Barra" and the name "Zaynab" was given to her by the
Prophet(SAW). 3 Holy Prophet asked her to marry Hazrat Khadija (R.A)'s former slave,
Zaid, who he treated as his own son.
4. She refused initially, but eventually agreed.
5. She always reminded Zaid about their social difference so their differences.

6 Holy Prophet tried to convince them to continue their marriage, but after one year, Zaid
divorced Hazrat Zainab due was married to the Prophet in 5AH/627 AD by SWT in the
Heavens

B. This was an important incident in Islam, as stated in Quran, "Behold! You said to one
Who had received the grace of

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7. She Allah and your favor: 'Retain your wife, and fear Allah.' But you hid in your heart
what Allah was about to make manifest: You feared the people, but it is more fitting that
you should fear Allah. We joined her in marriage to you." (AL-AHZAB 33:37).
9. This verse allowed Holy Prophet to marry her, as she was his self-proclaimed son's wife,
and not his real son's wife.

10. Islam clearly says that there is a difference in the treatment of real son versus adopted
son, as stated, "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah
and the Seal of Prophets. And Allah has full knowledge of all things." (AL-AHZAB 33:40).

11. She had a major place among Holy Prophet's wives.

12. She was the first one of the wives to die after the death of Holy Prophet
13. She died in 20AH/641 AD.

NOTE:
Hazrat Zainab bint Jahsh was Holy Prophet's cousin, being the daughter of his paternal
aunt, Umayya bint Abou Muttalib. Her real name was Barra but the Prophet gave her the
name of Zaynab as he preferred it The Holy Prophe tried to convince her to marry Hazrat
Khadija's (R.A) former slave, Zald, but later Holy Prophet freed her and treated him as his
own son. Hazrat Zainab bint Jahsh initially refused the offer, but at last agreed and married
Zaid. She never treated him as his equal and always reminded him about the distinction in
their status. Aher one year, Zaid separated from her, even after Holy Prophet convincing
them not to go through this After their separation, Holy Prophet proposed her for marriage,
after getting consent from the Quran. She agreed to the proposal and they got married. This
was one of me most important events in Islam, as stated in Quran, "Behold! You said to
one Who had received the grace of Allah and your favour: 'Retain your wife, and fear Allah.
But you hid in your heart what Allah was about to make manifest You feared the people,
but it is more fitting that you should fear Allah. We joined her in marriage to you." (AL-
AHZAB 33:37)
This verse allowed Holy Prophet to marry his stepson wife, as he would not be allowed to
marry his real son wide, since she had become like your daughter. "Muhammad is not the
father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of Prophets. And Allah
has full knowledge of all things." (AL-AHZAB 33:40). This verse clearly stated that there
is a difference in the treatment of real and adopted sons. She died in 20 AH/ 641 AD, and
she was the first one of the wive to die after Holy Prophet(SAW).

HAZRAT JUWARIYYA BINT AL-HARITH

HIGHLIGHTS:
1 She was the daughter of the chief of Banu al-Mustaliq.

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 2 Muslims conducted an expedition against the Banu Mustaliq in 5A.H/ CE 627. Hazrat
Juwariyya bint al-Harith was taken a hostage during this

3 She was the daughter of a tribal head.

5 She was offered as part of the booty to Muslims.
6.She did not want to live there and wanted to be free and was ready to pay ransom money.
7.Boly Prophet observed her modesty and offered to pay her ransom money and marry her.
&She agreed to the offer.
8She also asked Holy Prophet to free all her tribe's people, which he agreed to.

10 Aishah (R.A) described her as, "She was a pleasant woman. No one saw her except he
became captivated
11. Later, she and her father, both accepted the religion of Islam and the message of Allah.
12 She died couple of years after 50 AH/CE 670.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

WIVES

NOTE:
Hazrat Juwariyya bint al-Harith was one of the Holy Prophet wife. She was the daughter
of the head of Banu Mustaliq She was captivated by the Muslims during the expedition of
Banu Mustalio, in 5 AH/ CE 627. She was given as a reward to a Muslim, but she did not
want to stay with him and want to be free. Holy Prophet saw her and was impressed by her
humbleness and humility, and he offered to pay the money for her to get free and also
offered her to marry him. She Aishah (RA) described her as, "She was a pleasant woman.
No one saw her except he became captivated by her Later, the along with her father
converted to Islam. She died after some years to 50 AH/CE 670.

HAZRAT UMME HABIBA

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Actual name was Ramla bint Abu Sufyan, daughter of Abu Sufyan.
2. She was first married to Ubaidullah bin Jahsh.
3. She converted to Islam with her husband and travelled to Abyssinia.

4. She had a daughter, Habiba.

5. Later, she her husband after he converted to Christianity.

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6. Holy Prophet proposed her after her Iddat in order to resettie her and save her from the
hands of her father.

7. She married to Holy Prophet in the 7AH.

8. She was a pious, devoted and God-fearing lady.
9. She is known to have reported sixty-five hadith of the Holy Prophet

10. She was the follower of Islam and always preached others to do so as well.
11. She respected Holy Prophet so much, that she never allowed her father, Abu Sufyan to
even sit on his bed, since he was a Non-Muslim when he visited for the renewal of the
treaty of Hudaibiya.
12. She used to look after the poor and orphan people.
13. She was the one to take food and water for Hazrat Usman and his family when they
were trapped by the opponents in his own house. She was prevented to enter by the
opponents.
14. She died during her brother Muawiya's ruling in 44AH.

15. She was laid down in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

NOTE:
Hazrat Umme Habiba was the daughter of Abu Sufyan, who was the enemy of Islam
initially. She entered into the retigon of Islam, along with her first husband, Ubaidullah bin
Jahah. She travelled to Abyssinia with her husband and gave birth to her daughter, named
Habiba.
Later, her husband moved to follow the teachings of Christianity and left Islam, After this
incident, Hazrat Umme Habiba sep arated from her husband. The people of Madinah
convinced Holy Prophet to marry her so that she can start a new and she can be protected
from the hypocrites as well as from her father's hand. After her iddat period got completed,
Hy Prophet proposed her and she accepted the offer. They were married in seventh year of
Hijrah.
She was one of the most God fearing and pious lady. She always followed the path of Allah
and taught others to do so. She was a firm believer of Islam. She always helped the people
including orphans and widows. She was respectful towards Holy Prophets that she never
allowed anyone to disrespect him, not even her father. When Abu Sufyan visited for the
renewal of treaty of Hudaibiya, she did not allow him to sit on his bed.

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She was the one to take food and water for everyone trapped in Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)
house. She was stopped, however, by the opponents. She died during her brother Muawiya
governance and is laid down in Jannat-ul-Baqi in 44 AH

HAZRAT SAFIYYA BINT HUYAYY

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. She belonged to the tribe of Banu Nadir.
2. She was the daughter of Holy Prophet's worst enemy, Huyayy ibn-Akhtab.
3. After the war between Muslims and Quraish erupted, Nadir tribe was evicted from the
city of Madinah and were banned
in 3AH/CE 625.
4. Her tribe was encamped in Khyber. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
WIVES
5. During the Khyber expedition, she was taken hostage and was offered to other Muslim.
6. Holy Prophet saw her, he placed his cloak over het to indicate that she was chosen by

7. She accepted Islam and married the Holy Prophet

8. She died around 50 AH/ CE 670.
9. She is known to have narrated number of Holy Prophet 's hadith.

NOTE:
Hazrat Safiyya bint Huyayy was the daughter of Holy Prophet opponent, from the tribe
Nadir. Nadie tribe was vis from Madinah after the war erupted between the pagans and
Muslims. The tribe settled in Khaybar. But during the Khyber expedition, numerous people
of Nadir tribe were taken as hostages by the Muslims. When Holy Prophet saw het, te threw
his cloak over her, which clearly portrayed that she is Holy Prophet chosen one, She later
converted to Prophet religion, Islam and also married him. She was known to report a lot
of Holy Prophet hadiths. She died in 50 AH/CE 670.

HAZRAT MAYMUNA BINT AL-HARITH

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Hazrat Maymuma bint al-Harith's first husband died, and she was a widow

2. Holy Prophet went to perform Umrah for three days in Makkah.

3. Hazrat Abbas, Holy Prophet's uncle suggested him to marry her.

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4. Hazrat Abbas was also the brother in law of Hazrat Maymuna.
5. Holy Prophet offered her to marry and she accepted it.

6. He called upon all the people of Makkah to be guests, but he had to leave within three
days according to the terms of Treaty of Hudaibiyyah.
7. He married her outside Makkah.

8. Her original name was Barrah, but Muhammad changed it to Maymuna, meaning "The
Blessed", as his marriage to marked the first time in seven years when he could enter his
hometown of Mecca.

9. She lived with Holy Prophet's other wives.

10. She was the last wife to accept Holy Prophet's preaching.
11. She died in 61 AH/ CE 681.

NOTE:
Hazrat Maymuna bint al-Harith was living the life of a widow after the death of her
husband. She was thing in Makkah when Holy Prophet went for the Umrah. Hazrat Abbas.
Holy Prophet uncle, who so was Hazrat Maymun brother aw, convinced him to marry her.
He agreed and proposed her. She agreed to the proposal. The Messenger of Allah vited all
the Makkans in the event of their marriage, but Holy Prophet was required as per the rules
of Treaty of Hudai biya to leave Makkah in three days. So, they had a ceremony outside
Makkah. She was settled with Holy Prophet other wives She was the last one of his wives
to accept Islam. Her original name was Barrah, but the Prophet wished to change it to
Maymuna, meaning The Blessed as the marriage with her marked the end of the long period
when he was deprived to even have a glimpse of his hometown, Makkah. She died in 61
AH/ CE 681.

HAZRAT REHANA BINT SHAM'DON

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. She belonged to the tribe of Banu Quraiza.
2. She was captured by the Muslims when they defeated the tribe of Banu Quraiza and was
taken hostage.

3 Holy Prophet asked her to accept Islam,

4. After she converted to Islam, she was offered by Holy Prophet to marry him.
5. She accepted his offer and married him.

&She died almost after 10 years of Holy Prophet's death.

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NOTE:
Hazrat Rehana bint Shamoon was Holy Prophet another wife. She was from the tribe of
Banu Quraiza and was captured by the Muslims when the tribe was attacked. Holy Prophet
offered her to accept Islam and marry her. She accepted the offer and married Holy Prophet.
She died almost ten years after Holy Prophets death.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY WIVES

HAZRAT MARIA QIBTIA
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Hazrat Maria Qibtia belonged from Egypt 2.After Holy Propheta signed the Treaty of
Hudaibiya, he preached about islam and Invited people to convert
3. He also sent letters to various countries to persuade them to accept islam, including
Egypt.
4. Leader of Egypt did not acceptam
5. He treated the messenger sent by Muslims with great respect

6. He also sent few gifs including Hazrat Maria Dibtle as per their tradition.
7. She converted to Islam on her way to Madinah 8. Holy Prophet married her
9. She gave birth to Holy Prophet son, Hazrat Ibrahim.

10. After Hazrat Khadija (RA), she had the honor to give birth to Holy Prophet child.
11. She was one of the beloved wives of Holy Prophet
12. She was a pious and God-fearing woman. 13. She was offered a separate garden to live
in which was different from the Prophet's other wives.
14. Hazrat Ibrahim died after some time which upset both of his parents.

15. She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baul.

16. She was also entitled to receive pension after Holy Prophet ge death..
17. Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat regarded her a lot.

NOTE:
After the Treaty of Hudaibiya. Hinly Prophet preached about the message of Allah to a lot
of people. He also sent letters to various country leaders persuading them to enter into the
religion of islam. One of the letter of invitation was sent to the leader of Egypt. The
Egyptian leader did not accept Islam, but he treated the messenger who delivered the letter

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with great respect. He also sunt girls to the Muslims, in which Hazrat Maria Qibtia was
sent as per their tradition. She accepted lam on her way to Madinah. She was married to
Holy Prophet She was the most humble and righteous person. She was beloved to Holy
Prophet, since after Hazrat Khadija (R.A) she had the privilege of giving birth to Holy
Prophetson, Hazrat Ibrahim (R.A). Later, he died, which made both the parents upset. She
was regarded by Hazrat Umar and Hazrat Abu Bakr. After Holy Prophet death, she was
also given the pension. She was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi. FIRST ISLAMIC
COMMUNITY CHILDREN OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD

12. She was upset when Holy Prophet felt

13. Later, when she was told by her father that she will join him soon, she became satisfied
and at peace

14. The Prophet said that Fatima will be the "Head of the ladies in Paradise"
15. She was the only daughter to outlive her father. Died after 6 months of the Prophet's
death

NOTE:
Hazrat Fatimah (RA) the fourth and the youngest daughter of the Prophet Mohammad, and
the "Head of the ladies in Paradise" was born 5 years before Prophethood. She was married
to Ali (RA) in 2 AH and began to live with him seven and a half months later. She was
around the age of 18 and All was around 23 at the time of their union. Of all the daugh ters,
she was the most loved by the Mohammad. Whenever he went out on a journey, she was
the last one to part and when he returned home, she was the first one to meet him. When
All (RA) intended to marry Abu Jahi's daughter, she was very much grieved and expressed
her grief to the Prophet Mohammad The Prophet Mohammad said to Hazrat Ali (RA):
"Fatimah is a part of my body. Whoever grieves her, grieves me."
Ali (RA) gave up the idea of the second marriage during her lifetime. It was about six
months after the death of the Prophet Mohammad that Hazrat Fatimah (R.A) fell ill. One
day she said to her maid: "I want to take a bath. Arrange some water for me." She took a
bath and changed her clothes. She then desired her bed to be placed in the middle of the
room. She laid herself down on the bedding, with her face towards Qibla and her right hand
under her right cheek and said, " am now going to die." The next moment she was no more.
She died in 632 AD. The Prophet Mohammad's progeny con tinued through her and her
sons, Hassan & Hussain, and shall continue through their children. She had three sons and
three daughters. Hazrat Hasan (R.A) and Hazrat Hussain (R.A) were born in the second
and the third year after the marriage, respectively.

B. WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM PROPHET'S BOND WITH FATIMA (RA)7 (4)
HIGHLIGHTS:

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1. Holy Prophet gy had a very beautiful bonu with his daughter, Fatima (RA) him.
2. He used to respect her a lot, and he always stood up whenever she visited the same way

3. Muslims should regard their daughters and give them honor

4. They should not treat their daughters with disrespect.
5. They should not treat their daughters any less than their sons.

6. Holy Prophet was never upset on the birth of his daughters or wished to have sons Instead
of daughters.

ANSWER:
Muslims can learn a lot from Holy Prophet's bond with Fatima (RA) and his treatment with
daughters. He always regarded his daughters and never treated them with disgrace and
contempt. He never let them feel that they are not wanted, Muslims should treat their
daughters the same, never consider them less in any area from their sons. Holy Prophet
always stood in respect of Fatima (RA). Muslims should treat their daughters equal to their
sons, in terms of education and other basic necessities. They should never curse their
daughters and wish that they should have sons instead of daugh ters, like Holy Prophet
never did.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY GRAND CHILDREN

IMAM HASSAN (RA)

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Imam Hassan RA was one of the two sons of Hazrat Ali RA and Hazrat Fatima
2. He was born in 3AH/625 AD.
3. Holy Prophet was the one who gave him his name.

4. Both the grandsons were extremely dear to Holy Prophet and he was very happy and joy
about the
5. Holy Prophet used to let both of the grandsons sit on his back while he was offering
prayer and prostrate
6. Barra reported, I saw the Prophet while Hassan R.A was upon his shoulder saying, "O
Allah 1 love him so love

7. Holy Prophet used to leave his discussions and sermons anytime he heard them talling
down from somewhers and him pick them up.

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8. Hazrat Anas reported, "Nobody resembled the Prophet more than Hassan RA, son of All
RA

9.9.7 years old at the time of Prophet's death

10. He accompanied his father to the Battle of Siffin
11. When Hazrat Usman was tortured by his enemies and was sieged in his house, Imam
Hassan along with his brother was directed by his father, Hazrat Ali (RA) to take water for
them and guard the main gate from the insurgents
12. He was sent to procure support from the city of Kufa when there were problems with
Hazrat Aisha RA, Talha and Zubair.
13. He was the second Imam after his father, Hazrat Ali (RA) death.
14. He held the office of caliph after Hazrat All's death in 40 AH/ 661 AD.

15. He had to face a lot of difficulties in the hands of Governor of Syria, Muawiya.
16. Imam Hassan R.A did not want any chaos and bloodshed among Muslims
17. He abandoned the caliphate in order to avoid any war among Muslims.

18. Abu Bakr R.A reported that once the Prophet brought out Hassan R.A and took him up
the pulpit along with him and said, "This son of mine is Syed (i.e. chief) and I hope that
Allah will help him bring about reconciliation between two Muslim groups."

19. He leads the office for less than a year.

20. He died after getting poisoned by one of his wives, Jauda.

21. Imam Hassan R.A died at the age of 45 in 50AH/ 670AD and was laid down in
Madinah.
22. He was and still is greatly respected by all the Muslims

NOTE:
The eldest son of imam All (R.A) and Lady Fatimah al-Zahra (RA), and second of the
Twelve imams, inam Hassan A was born in the year 3 A.H, three years after the migration
to the city of Madinah. Hassan RA, or 124ded 670, Madina), was grandson of the Holy
Prophet and elder son of Prophet's daughter Fatima RA. He b of the five most holy persons
of Shiah, those over whom Muhammad spread his cloak while calling them "Ahl-e-Bait (T
People of the House). After his father, All, he was considered by many of his
contemporaries to be the nightful Caliph Both the grandsons were extremely dear to Holy
Prophet and he was very happy and joyful about them. Holy Prophet g nged to the grou
used to let both of the grandsons sit on his back while he was offering prayer and prostrate

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Prophet loved them a lot, Hazrat Barra reported, "I saw the Prophet while Hassan RA was
upon his shoulder saying, "O Allah! 1 love him so love him."

When Hazrat Usman was tortured by his enemies and was sieged in his house, Imam
Hassan along with his brother was directed by his father, Hazrat Ali (RA) to take water for
them and guard the main gate from the insurgents. He was sent to procure support from the
city of Kufa when there were problems with Hazrat Aisha RA, Talha and Zubair. In
addition, he was referred to on numerous occasions as the "Son of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad." This title is also affirmed by the Qur'an in the Ayah associated with the
incident of the Mubahala (Qur'an 3:61), in which Imam Hassan was amongst those whom
the Prophet considered his son (alongside his brother Hussain). Hazrat Anas reported,
"Nobody resembled the Prophet more than Hassan R.A, son of Ali R.A."

Imam Hassan bin Ali had the misfortune of witnessing many of the early tragedies that
befell Islam including the denial of his father's leadership, and then the turbulent period
which encompassed his father's rule as Caliph, in which three separate civil wars were
fought.
As a child, Hassan lived with Muhammad for seven years, and after the latter's death in
632 he was politically inactive until the end of the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan. Hazrat
Uthman R.A was murdered in 656AD. Hazrat All became the next caliph, and in the civil
wars that soon broke out, Hassan R.A was sent to the important iraqi city of Kute to secure
accept ance of Ali's rule and, if possible, obtain military reinforcements. Later he fought in
the Battle of Siffin, which, although note a defeat, did mark the beginning of a steady
deterioration in Hazrat Ali's position. After Ali R.A's martyrdom in 661AD, never having
chosen a successor, many his followers pledged their loyalty to Hassan R.A.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY GRAND CHILDREN

Following the death of Hazrat Ali Hassan RA became responsible for the leadership of the
Ummah He encountered rampant comption which had overwhelmed the Muslim empire,
and entered into a peace treaty with Muawiya. Governor of Hasan A was not a warlike
person and although some of his followers resented it fiercely, he opened peace egotiations
and later in 661AD abdicated the caliphate to Muawiya proving the Hadith of the Prophet
da in which it was said that Hassan R.A will bring peace among two big groups of Muslims.
"This son of mine is Sayyid (ie, chief) and 1 hope that Allah wil help him bring about
reconciliation between two Muslim groups. Hassan in All obtained generous pension and
could live peacefully Madina
Hassan died in 670AD, Mary early sources say his death was the result of poisoning by
one of his wives, Jaudah bint al-Ashwath

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IMAM HUSSAIN (R.A)
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. He was the second son of Hazrat Ali (RA) and Hazrat Fatima (R.A).
2 He was born in 4AH/626 AD,
3. Holy Prophet was fond of him, just as he was of his elder brother, Imam Hassan R.A

4. Holy Prophet also allowed him to sit on his back while offering prayer.
5. said, "Hassan and Hussain R.A are my flowers in the world"
6. Anas bin Malik reported, when Allah's messenger was asked which member of his
family was dearest to him, he replied. "Al-Hassan and Al-Hussain"
7. He would usually ask Fatima R.A, "Call my two sons to me" and then would sniff and
cuddle them.
8. Prophet said about Hussain RA, "Hussain R.A is from me and I am from Hussain. Allah
loves him who loves Hussain"
9. He resembled the Prophet a lot

10. Imam Hussain R.A was not happy when hisbrother abandoned the caliphate to
Muawiya 11. He was 44 years old when Hazrat Hassan died.
12. He was always open about his likeness towards tyranny, and refuse to accept
Muawiya's son, Yazid, as the caliph.
13. Yazid wanted Hussain R.A to take the oath of allegiance but he refused to accept the
hereditary rule of Yazid due to his oppressive nature
14. He had few supporters in Kufa.
15. People of Kufa invited him to discuss regarding the oppressive rule of Yazid and come
up with a plen to raise their 16 response to that invitation, Imam Hussain sent his cousin,
Muslim Ibn Ageel, to review the situation of Kufa voices against the oppression
17. Hazrat Muslim found the situation in Kufa bener and he invited Hussain R.A through
a letter
18. After the letter was sent, leaders of the people there were bribed by the governor of
Kufe and killed Hazrat Muslim

19. After some time, Imam Hussain lett Madinah to perform Haj in Makkah in 60AH/ 680
AD. He left Madina for Makkah
as he didn't want the city of his grandfather to become a battlefield.

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20. He was not comfortable and sensed some problem, so he let Makkah as well and moved
towards Kufa with his family and followers on 8 Zil Hajj 60 AH/680 AD before the news
of the killing of his cousin reached him.
21. On the way, he was discouraged by a lot of people to go to Kufa as they were renowned
for disloyalty, but he did not stop.

22 His motivation ignited when he learned that enemies are corning with an army to attack
and that Muslim bn Aged and other supporters were also kilied.
23. Ubaidullah bin Ziyad sent an army of 4000 men under Umar bin Saad.

24. They intercepted Hazrat Hussain on his way to Kufa at a place called Karbala
25. He camped at Karbala, on 1st Muharram 61 AH/680 AD.
26 Enemy's army sieged them and prevented them from even drinking water from river
Euphrates.
27. Both parties conversed to end the conflict, but both were not ready.
28 Hussain R.A wanted to send his Kinsmen away on 9th Muharram but all refused, "O
Master! We are all ready to defend you and your Ahlul Bait and to sacrifice our lives for
the cause of Islam"
29. Eventually the war broke out on 10th of Muharram.

30 Imam Hussain R.A fought with an army of seventy-two men

31. Initially there were small fights, which reduced Hussain's army as they all were killed
gradually.
32. Imam was left with few men, women and children and his camp was also in fire.
33. He finally went to fetch water for his son All Asghar, 6 months old, who laid down in
the lap of Hussain RA and dying of thirst.
34. His son in his lap died of an arrow shot by the enemy. After this Hussain R.A addressed
Allah, "O Lord! Your Hussain has offered in Your way whatever you had blessed him with,
Bless your Hussain, O Lord, with the acceptance of this sacrifice. Everything Hussain
could do till now was through Your help and by Your Grace."
35. He was encircled by the enemies where he fought them bravely.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY GRAND CHILDREN

36 He was martyred He was 54 years old.

194
37. He was beheaded and his head was taken to the Umayyad governor of Kuta, Ubaidullah
in Ziyad

38 His head was later sent to the Yazid at Damascus.

39 He was buried in southern Iraq, known as Karbala.

NOTE:
Imam Husain, the third Imam was born on 3r'd of Shaban, 4 A.H. in Madina. On his birth,
the Holy Prophet Muhannes prophesied that the faith of Islam would be rescued by his
second grandson Husain (RA), He was the second son of Ali (RA) and Hazrat Fatima
(R.A). He was born in 4AH/ 626 AD Holy Prophet was fond of him, just as he was elder
brother, Imam Hassan R.A. Holy Prophet also allowed him to sit on his back while offering
prayer Prophe said, "Hassan and Hussain R.A are my flowers in the world" Anas bin Malik
reported, when Allah's messe asked which member of his family was dearest to him, he
replied, "Al-Hassan and Al-Hussain". He would ulya Fatima R.A, "Call my two sons to
me" and then would sniff and cuddle them. Prophet said about Husain FA "Hussain R.A is
from me and I am from Hussain. Allah loves him who loves Hussain." He resembled the
Prophet at.
Imam Hussain R.A was not happy when his brother abandoned the caliphate to Muawiya.
He was 44 years old wher Hazrat Hassan died. He was always open about his dislikeness
towards tyranny, and refuse to accept Muawiya's son, Yazid, as the caliph. Yazid was
known for his devilish character and brutish conduct. He was known as the most licentious
of men. The people having known and understood the character of Yazid, formed a
covenant by which Muawiyh could not appoint Yazid as his successor.

Yazid demanded allegiance from the Holy Imam Husain (R.A), who could have never
agreed to it at any cost. The people, fearing death and destruction at the hands of the tyrant,
had yielded to him out of fear. Imam Husain (RA) said that come whatever may, he would
never yield to the devil in place of God and undo what his grandfather, the Holy Prophet
had estab lished.
In order to safeguard the great sanctuary, Imam Husain (R.A) decided to leave Mecca for
Kufa just a day before the Haj (pilgrimage). When asked the reason for the mysterious
departure from Mecca, fore-going the pilgrimage which was to be held only the next day,
Imam Husain (R.A) said that he would perform the year's pilgrimage at Karbala, offering
the sacrifice not of any animals, but of his kith and kin and some faithful friends.
On the way, he was discouraged by a lot of people to go to Kufa as they were renowned
for disloyalty, but he did not stop His motivation ignited when he learned that enemies are
coming with an army to attack and that Muslim bn Aqeel and other supporters were also
killed. Ubaidullah bin Ziyad sent an army of 4000 men under Umar bin Saad. They

195
intercepted Hazrat Hussain on his way to Kufa at a place called Karbala. He camped at
Karbala, on 1st Muharram 61AH/580 AD. Enemy's army sieged them and prevented them
from even drinking water from river Euphrates. Both parties conversed to end the conflict,
but both were not ready.
When the Holy Imam with his entourage had reached Karbala, he declared: "This is the
land, the land of sufferings and tortures." He alighted from his horse, and ordered his
followers to encamp there saying, "Here shall we and our children be martyred. This is the
land about which my grandfather, the Holy Prophet had foretold, and his prophecy will cer
tainly be fulfilled."
At dawn of 10th Muharram, the Imam glanced the army of Yazid and saw Ibn Sa'ad
ordering his forces to march towards him. He gathered is followers and addressed them
thus: "Allah has, this day, permitted us to be engaged in holy War, and He shall reward us
for our Martyrdom. So, prepare yourselves to fight against the enemies of islam with penc
and perseverance. O sons of the noble and self-respecting persons be patient! Death is
nothing but a bridge which you must cross after facing trials and tribulations to reach the
Heaven and its joys. Which of you do not like to go from this prison (world) to the lofty
palaces (Paradise)?"

Having heard the Imam's address, all his companions were overwhelmed and cried out, "O
our Master! We are all ready to defend you and your Ahlul-Bait, and to sacrifice our lives
for the cause of Islam." Imam Husain sent out from his camp his followers one after another
to fight and sacrifice their lives in the way of the Lord.
Lastly, when all his men and children had laid down their lives, Imam Husain brought his
six-month old baby son All Asghar.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY GRAND CHILDREN

and holding him on his own hands, demanded some water for the baby, dying of thirst. The
thirst of the baby was quenched by a deadly poisoned arrow from the brute forces, which
pitined the baby's neck to the arm of the helpless father At last when the six month-ple
baby was also killed, Imam Husain (RA) addressed God. "O Lord! your Husain has offered
in your way whatever you had blessed hin with. Bless your Husain, O Lord, with the
acceptance of this sacrifice. Everything Husain could do till now was through your help
and by your grace. Lastly Imam Husain (RA) came into the field and was killed. The details
of his merciless slaughter are heart-rending The forces of Yazid, having killed Imam
Husain (R.A). cut and severed his head from his body and raised it on a lance. The severed
head of the Holy Imam began glorifying God from the point of the lance saying "Allahu
Akbar" All glory be to God Who is the Greatest Iman Hussain was buried in pres ently
southern iraq, previously known as Karbala.
FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

196
12 IMAMS
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Imamat is a privilege which is given to a member of Holy Prophet's family by Allah as
the Shia belief says.
2 Then, that member transfer the title of Imamat to another family member, before his
deam
3. It is not necessary to transfer the title to eldest in the family, but to the one who is most
deserving and pure

4. Hazrat Imam Hassan gave the office to his brother Hazrat Imam Hussain
5. For Shia's, this Imamat privilege initiated from Holy Prophet and delegated to Hazrat
Ali (LA) and then to s which he had from Hazrat Fatima (RA), daughter of Holy Prophet

6. There are about twelve Imams, known as Twelvers or Isna Ashariya, considered an
important part of Shaw
7. These twelve imams, along with Holy Prophet and Hazrat Fatima (RA), are known as
Fourteen Pure Souls Ali Zayn Al Abidin:
8. He was the fourth number Imam, born to Imam Hussain (R.A) on 15th Jumada al-aw 36
AM

9. His original name was Imam Sajjad, but he was given the title of
10. He was married to the daughter of Iranian king yazdgard.

11. He also went with his father for the Battle of Karbala, but because of his liness, he did
not take pan and survived massacre.
12. He went with the women of his tribe to Damascus, but later was sent to Madinah with
great respect, because Yazid wanted to cool down the public.
13. Later, on the order of Caliph Umayyad Caliph Abdul Malik, he was tortured, lied and
was sent to Damascus, but was later given the permission to come back.

14. After this event, he retired from all the public life.
15. He stayed in touch with some chosen Shia people including Abu Hamza Thumall, Abu
Khalid and some other people who were taught by the Imams..

16. He was a very devoted man and was always busy in remembering Allah.
17. He was given the title of Sajjad (R.A) because he used to prostrate whenever he
remembers Allah and His blessings.

197
18. He used to fear Allah so much that he starts to tremble, and his face would turn pale
while praying.

19. He always helped the needy.

20. He wrote a book called Sahifah-Sajjadiyah, which included fifty-seven prayers.
21. He died on 25th Muharram 95 AH 713 AD, after getting poisoned by Walld Bin Abdul
Malik on the commands of Hashim.Muhammad Al-Baqir:
22. Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir was the number fifth Imam.
23. He was the son of fourth Imam, All Zayn Al-Abidin and Fatima, who was the daughter
of Imam Hasan
24. He was born in 57 AH/667 AD.
25. He was present at the Battle of Karbala, but was four years old, hence survived the
massacre
26. He was conveyed the title of Imam by his father, the fourth Imam.
27. He came during the four Umayyad Caliph, including Waleed Bin Abdul Malik,
Sulaiman Bin Abdd Malik, Umar Sin Abdul Aziz and Hasham Bin Abdul Malik.
28. Riots and fights erupted during the time of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir, because of
unfair ruling of Umayyad aligns

29. The slaughtering and brutal event happened in Karbala, caused a lot of people to come
towards and listen to imamat.

30. He had a strong command over spiritual and religious matters.

31. There were fights among the Umayyad family which made them stay away from the
family of Holy Prophet.

32. He was known to report a lot of hadiths.

33. Muhammad bin Muslim stated about Imam Muhammad Baqir, "There was nothing
which flashed across my mind and did not ask Muhammad Baqir till I asked him thirty
thousand questions."
34. He died in 114 AH/732 AD, by the poisoning of Ibrahim ibn Walid by the orders of
Caliph Hisham ton Abd-al Mallik J'affar Sadiq Ibn Muhammad:

35. He was born in 83 AH/702 AD.

36. He was born to the fifth Imam, Muhammad Al-Baqir.

198
37. The conditions were better during his Imamat, because the fighting in Muslims empire,
and this gave him the opportunity to spread the Islamic teacher among people.

38. He came during the time period of the Umayyad Caliphate and was also there in the
time of the abbasid Caliphate.
39. He had a lot of information regarding religious matters.

40. He created the Ja'ffariah jurisprudence 41.He taught a lot of religious scholars and
produced about four thousand intellectuals of hadith.
FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

12 IMAMS
42. Muhammad bin Muslim, Jabir bin Hayan, the alchemist, Zararah, Mu'min taq and
Hisham were his most well-known followers.

43. His notable followers included some Sunni, including Imam Abu Hanifah, the founder
of Hanafi school of Law,
Sufyan Thauri and Quadi Abu Bukhtar.

44. He was known to report a lot of hadiths:

45. It was said that the hadiths reported during the time of fifth and sixth (mams combined,
was more than the hadiths reported altogether in Holy Prophet e time and the other ten
imams.
46. He was a humble and God fearing individual, always ready to help the poor.

47. He mostly uses vinegar and oil and most of the time wore rough clothes and full of
patches.
48. During the Umayyad caliph, he was brutally tortured.

49. During the Abbasids caliphate, he was sent to Iraq and kept there.
50. After some time, he was given the permission to come back to Madinah, but he stayed
low.

51. He was poisoned by Abbasid Caliph Mansur and died in 148 AH/ 785 AD.
Musa Ibn J'affar Kazim:
52. He was the son of sixth Imam, imam J'affar Sadiq in 128/744

53. He given the title of Imam from his father during the time of Abbasid caliph Mansur,
Mehdi and Harun

199
54. He faced a lot of tough times during the Abbasid caliph Harun and was staying low.
55. Harun captured him while he was praying in Holy Prophet mosque

56. He was sent to Basra, then to Baghdad and was kept in prison for about fourteen years.
57. He was given the title of Al-Kazim, because of his ability to control his anger.
58. He was a God-fearing and devoted person.

59. He was always busy in remembering Allah and offering prayers, reading of Quran.
60. He used to do long prostrates.
61. He was killed by poisoning on the order of Abbasid caliph Harun, in 188 AH/ 799 AD.

62. He was prostrating when he died.

63. He was laid down in the Quraish graveyard, which is located in Kazimiyah city.All Ar
Raza:
64.Imam Raza was born in 148 AM 765 AD in the house of seventh imam, mam Musa in
Jaftar Kazim
65. He was given the office of mamet by his father, during the time of Caliph Harun and
his two sons Amieen and Mamun
66. The Imam had to face a lot of hardships in the face of caliphs.
67. Mamun, the curent caliph at that time, came up with a proposal to become the ninth
caliph after imam Raza and include the anams in the politics
68. The reason behind this proposal was to reduce the fighting of Imams against the
government and also to move the
people away from Imama by including them in politics.
69 Caliph Mamun invited the Imam Raza to visit Marwa and presented him the proposal.

70. He first offered him the caliphate and then about the successor as ninth imam.
71. Imam Raza refused both the offers nut eventually agreed to the succession offer and
convinced him not to anything regarding politics

72. However, after sometime caliph Mamun understood the importance of Shia sects and
fet about the mistake
73. Imam Raza was known to be the humble and God-fearing individual.

74. He had a lot of information regarding religious matters.

200
75. He used to hold discussions and debates for the intellectual peuple.
76. All the Imains before Imam Raza attended this debate in their times and these
discussions were saved in Shi'ites ilterature.
77. He was poisoned by the Caliph Mamun.
78. He was laid down in the city of toos, in Iran, currently known as Mashhad in 203 AH/
817 AD. Muhammad Al-Jawad (Taqi):
79. He was born in 195 AH/ 809 AD.
80. He was the son of eighth Imam, Imam Raza.

81. Imam Taqi was present in the city of Madinah when his father died.
82. Later he was called to Baghdad by caliph Mamun.
83. Mamun treated him with generosity and behaved very nicely with him.
84. Imam Taql was offered by Caliph Mamun his daughter to marry,
85. Mamun was showing kindness outwards.
86. Imam Taqi was asked to stay back in Baghdad, and after sometime he returned to
Madina
87. After the death of caliph Mamun, caliph Mautasim came into power and again invited
Imam Taqi to Baghdad.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

12 IMAMS

Imam Taqi was poisoned by the orders of Caliph Mautasim

89. He was poisoned by his own wife, Mamun's daughter in 220 AH/ 835 AD.
90. He was laid down in the shrine of Kaznain in the city of Baghdad.

91 imam Taqt was famous for his humbleness and humility

All Al-Hadi:
92 He was the son of ninth Imam, Imam Taqi93. He was born in 212 AH/ 827 AD in
Madinah.
94. He was given the title of AL-Hadi, and his original name was All Ibn Muhammad Naqi.

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 95. He was conveyed the office of Imamat from his father, which he leads during the time
period of seven Abbasid caliphs, Mamun, Mautasim, Wathiq, Mutawaqill, Muntasir and
Mutazz.
96. He was in Madinah on the death of his father.
97. He was known to spread knowledge regarding Islamic teachings to the people around
him.
98. After Caliph Mamun died, Mutawaqil, was completely against the Holy Prophet family
and caused many hard ships for Imam Al-Hadi.

99. He invited him in Samarrah and tried to humiliate him.

100. Mutawaqil used to abuse Hazrat Ali (R.A) and he also ordered to remove the
mausoleum of Imam Hussain R.A

101,Imam Al-Hadi was humble and generous, as stated by the event in which once caliph
sent him thirty thousand dirham and he distributed it and said, "Go and pay your debts and
spend it for your children and dependents and forgive me."

102.During the time of M'utazz, Imam Al-Hadi was poisoned and he was laid down in
Samarrah mosque, all-Askari in 254 AH/ 868 AD.Hassan al-Askari:
103.He was born in 232 AH/ 845 AD.

104.He was handed over the office of Imamat by his father, the tenth Imam, Imam Al-
Hadi.

105. He was the imam for seven years but spent most of it staying low because of the strict
conditions
106.He only kept in touch with some of the main Shia people and not all of the people.

107.He was mostly in Jail during his time as imam by the caliphs.
108.He was at the close watch of the caliphs, because it was rumored that his son would be
guaranteed Mehdi.

109. The caliph was constantly kept informed about the condition of the Imam, during the
period of his illness.
110.As soon as the news about his death broke out, the caliphs immediately got the
midwives to check all the slave girls, to ensure that none of them is bearing a child.
111.He was a God-fearing and charitable person.
112.He died in 260 AH/ 872 AD, after getting poisoned on the orders of Abbasid caliph
Mutamid.112H

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Imam Muhammad Mehdi:
113 Imam Mehdi was the last and twelfth Imam, who was born in 255 AH in Iran.

114 He was the son of eleventh imam, Hassan Al-Askari.

115.After his father's death, he was given the office of Imamat, which he spent mostly
staying low, known as the time of occulation ,Ghayba.

116 After extreme time of Ghayba, situation got a little better, in which he contacted his
four special turn talked to the people.
117.He talked to his deputies also in particular important situations.

118.He did not talk to or contacted anyone from the time 329 AH/ 941 AD, till current
time.
119.It is said that he will come again before the world end and day of judgement comes.
120. is believed that he is continuously watching over the events happening in the world.
121. There are numerous titles given to him by the Shia sect including, Huija - The proof
of truth, Al Imam Al Muntazar - The Awaited Imam, Sahib Al Zaman - The Lord of the
Age and Al-Mahdi - The Guided one.
122 He was given the title of The Guided one, because he will be guided to have a victory
over the evil people fighting under the leadership of Dajjal and bring equality in the world.

123 All the Muslims, all the sects in Islam believe that Imam Mehdi will come back in the
end. 124.Only the Shia believe that Imam Mehdi is the twelfth Imam.

NOTE:
Imamat is a concept which according to Shia beliefs is an entitlement sent upon a member
of Holy Prophet family with pure soul, who then further convey the title to other family
member, which he believes is pure and deserving, not necessar ly to be the eldest one.
Hazrat Imam Hussain (R.A) received the title of Imamat from his brother Hazrat Imam
Hassan (RA). The office of Imamat started from Holy Prophet, and then moved to Hazrat
Ali (R.A) and then moved to his male offspring, which he had from Holy Prophet daughter,
Hazrat Fatima (R.A).

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

12 IMAMS
There are in total twelve imams, which is an important factor in She beliefs, and these
twelve imams, along with Holy Prophet and Hazrat Fatima (RA) is known as Fourteen pure
souls. All Zayn Al Abidin

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Hazrat Zayn Al Abidin was the son of Imam Hussain (RA), who was the only one to survive
the Battle of Karbala. He went to fight along with his father, but because he was sick, he
was not able to take part and stayed back and survived this slaughtering event.
He was born on 15th Jumada al-awl 36 A.H. His real name was Imam Sajjad, but he was
given the title of Zayn Al Abidin and Sajjad R.A He was given the title of Sajjad R.A
because he used to prostrate every time he think about Allah and the benefits provided by
Him to the mankind. He used to shake with fear of Allah whenever he crays.
He was married to the iranian king. Yazdgard, daughter. After the Battle of Karbala, he
was taken to Damascus with all the women and children, but later could go to Madinais
because Yazid wanted to avoid any kind of backlash from the public. However, after
sometime, he was brutally tied and was again sent to Damascus by the orders of Umayyad
Caliph Abdul Malik, but he later came back and retired from all kind of public affairs. He
only stayed in touch with few people who were taught under the guidance of Imams,
including Abu Hamza Thumall and Abu Khalid. He was a God-fearing man and always
ready to help anyone in need. His writings include Sahifah-Sajjadiyah which included
seventy-five prayers. He was poisoned by Walid Bin Abdul Malik on the orders of Hashim
and died in 25th Muharram 95 AH 713 AD.Muhammad Al-Baqir:

Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir was born in 57 AH/ 667 AD. He was born to the fourth imam,
Imam All Zayn Al-Abidin and Fatima, the daughter of Imam Hassan R.A He was given
the title of Imam, by his father. He was four years old at the time of Battle of Karbala, so
fortunately he stayed alive in this battle.
During his Imamat time period, there was so much chaos and fighting caused by the unjust
behaviour of the Umayyac caliphs. However, the Umayyad caliphs were going through
some family issues, which was beneficial for the family of Holy Prophet as Umayyad
stayed away from them. He took the charge during the four Umayyad caliphs time,
including Waleed Bin Abdul Malik, Sulaiman Bin Abdul Malik, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and
Hasham Bin Abdul Malik. He was consid ered as someone with a lot of knowledge
regarding religious matters. The Battle of Karbala caused people to pay a lot of attention
to the imams. He was known to report a lot of hadiths.
it was stated by Muhammad Bin Muslim, "There was nothing which flashed across my
mind and did not k Muhammad Baqir till I asked him thirty thousand questions. He was
contaminated by Ibrahim ibn Walid on the instruc tions of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd-al
Malik, and died in 114 AH/ 732 AD. J'affar Sadiq ibn Muhammad:
He was the son of fith Imam, Muhammad Al-Baqir, born in 83 AH/702 AD. He was given
the title of tmam from his father and was there as imam, during the Umayyad caliphate and
Abbasid Caliphate.

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He had a lot of extensive knowledge regarding the spiritual and religious matters. During
his time period, he had the oppor tunity of spreading the Islamic teachings to the people
around him, because the situation was better in his lime since the fighting in Muslim empire
duration. He had a lot of followers, both from Shia and Sunni sects. The Sunni sect
followers include, Imam Abu Hanifah, the founder of Hanafi school of law, Sufyan Thauri
and Quadi Abu Bukhtar. The Shia rect followers include Muhammad bin Muslim, bin
Hayan, the alchemist, Zararah, Mu'min tag and Hisham. There were about four thousand
hadith followers produced in his time. He generated Ja'ffariah jurisprudence. It was said
that the hadiths reported in the time of Holy Prophet and other ten imams time, was less
than the hadiths reported in fifth and sixth Imams.
He was so down to earth person, that he used to wear rough and patchy clothes. He was
always used to help the poor people and himself used the vinegar and oil. He was tortured
during the Umayyad caliphate and was sent to Iraq during Abbasids caliphate, but then he
could come back. After coming back, he stayed low and reduced his public affairs. He was
killed by poison on the orders of Abbasid Caliph Mansur in 148AH/ 785 AD Musa Ibn
J'affar Kazim:
He was born in 128 AH/744 AD, in the house of sixth Imam, Imam J'affar Sadiq. He was
the Inam during the time of Abbasid caliphate Mansur, Mehdi and Harun. He was known
as Al-Kazim because of his control over his anger. He was a very humble and devoted
person. He was always ready to help the poor and do charity. The Abbasid caliph Harun
tortured the Imam during his time period. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 12 IMAMS
Harun seized the Imam while he was praying in Holy Prophet mosque, and sent him to
Basra, then to Baghdad and fourteen years, he was detained in jail. He was known for his
long prostrates, and he was always recalling Allah and ading Ouran His death happened
while he was prostrating, poisoned by the Abbasid caliph Harun in 188 AH/ 799 AD He
was laid down in graveyard in Quraish which is in Kazimiyah city

All Ar Raza:
Imam Raza was the eighth Imam, received the title of Imamat from his father Imam Musa
Ibn J'aftar Kazim during me time period of Caliph Harun, and his sons Ameen and Mamun.
He was born in 148 AH/ 765 AD.
Caliph Mamun inflicted a lot of hardships upon the imams. He developed with a proposal
in which he offered to become
successor of the eight imams and include them in the politics. Mamun believed that this
will reduce their popularity among the people as they would be a part of politics and as the
imams will be a pert, they will not criticize the government. owever, Imam Raza was
invited by Mamun to Marwa to make the offers. Two offers were made, including Mamun
becoming the successor of eight imams and imam Raza becoming the caliph. Imam Raza

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refused to both, but eventually agreed to the successor one. Nonetheless, Mamun realized
the growing popularity of Shia sect and decided to kill Imam

Imam Raza used to hold a lot of debates and discussions regarding religious matters and
scholars always presented their cpinions. All the eight imams before Imam Raza attended
this event and its points were recorded in the Shia literature. He was always known to be
respectful and generous After Mamun understand Imams popularity, he poisoned him and
he was buried in the city of Mashhad, in iran previously known as Toos. He died in
203AH/817 AD.

Muhammad Al-Jawad (Taqi):

He was born in 195 AH/ 809 AD, to the eighth of imam, Imam Raza. He was famous for
his generous and humble personal ty and his giving nature. He was in Madinah, at the time
his father died. After the death his father, he was invited by the caliph Mamun to visit
Baghdad. In Baghdad, Mamun behaved very nicely and portrayed that he really cared about
Imam Teqi. He even offered him to marry his daughter. After staying for some time and
marrying Mamun daughter, he returned to Madinah. However, after the death of caliph
Mamun, caliph Mautasim took the charge and invited Imam Taqi again to Baghdad. On
this trip, he was poisoned by his own wife, on the instructions of caliph Mautasim. He was
laid down in the shrine of Kaznain, in Baghdad in the time 220 AH/ 835 AD.All Al-Hadi:
He was the tenth number Imam, son of Imam Taql, born in 212 AH/ 827 AD. His original
name was All Ibn Muhammad Nagl. He was the iman during times of seven Abbasid
caliphate including Mamun, Mautasim, Wathiq, Mutawagi, Muntasir and Mutazz. Al-Hadi
was the title given to him.

He was known for his generosity and God-fearing nature. He was always ready to do
charity. There was one event in which he received thirty thousand dirham for the caliph
and he instead of saving it for himself, he divided it among people and said, "Go and pay
your debts and spend it for your children and dependents and forgive me."
After the death of Caliph Mamun, Mutawaqil extremely disliked the family members of
Holy Prophet and was always trying to create difficulties for them. He even removed the
mausoleum of Imam Hussain R.A and frequently said bad words about Hazrat All (RA).
He called Imam All Al-Hadi to Samarrah and tried to mock him. The Imam was present in
Madinah the time of his father's death. He was known to spread the teachings of islam to
all the other people around him,
He was poisoned in the time period of Mutazz, and he died in 254 AH/ 868 AD. He was
laid down in Samarrah Mosque, all-Askari.

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Hassan al-Askari:
He was the eleventh number imam, born in 232 AH/ 845 AD in the house of tenth Imam,
Imam Al-Hadi. He held the office of imam for about seven years but spent most of it staying
low and misrepresented. There were strict conditions were imposed over him and he was
always being watched over. It was according to the hadith, that his son would be the said
Mandi, so he was always under scrutiny. Even when the news about his sickness came
around, caliph was always informed about his condition and when he died, all the slaves in
the house were checked by the midwives if any one of them is having his child. He was
pious and giving nature person. He spent most of his time in prison and only maintained
relations with the known Shis people and not all the common people
He was poisoned on the orders of Abbasid caliph Mutamid and died in 260 AH/ 872 AD.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

12 IMAMS
Imam Muhammad Mehdi:
Imam Mendi was born in 255 AH in Iran in the house of Hassan Al-Askari. He was
remembered with a lot of tiles, includin Hulja-The proof of truth, Al Imam Al Muntazar -
The Awaited imam, Sahib Al Zaman - The Lord of the Ays and Al-Mahdi-The Guided
one, in his time as imam, he was mostly staying low and in fahaya (occultation). After
some title. there comes a period, where the situation was not extremely bad so Iman Mehdi
interfaced with four of his deputies and conveyed his message through them to the public.
But he did not talk to anyone from 329 AH/941 AD, till currant time, is believed that he
will come back to deleat the evil army, under the guidance of Dajjal at the time when the
world ends and the final judgetient day comes and end injustice in the world. It is also
believed that he is looking over everything hap pening in the world.
According to the Ship belets, he is the twelth imam, and according to all the Muslims, he
will come back at the end of time.
FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS
HAZRAT ABU BAKR (ABDULLAH BIN ABU QUHAFA)

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. He was born in 573 AD in Makkah, 2 years younger than the Holy Prophet
2. Belonged to Banu Tamim tribe of Quraish.

3 His name came under the title of the 10 blessed companions.

4.He was man of honor and was known for his modesty andtrustworthiness.

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5 He was always truthful in conducting his business, as well as people would trust him for
keeping their things secure

6.He earned a lot of money from his Halal business which he spent on the needy and in the
way of Allah.
7. was said somewhere that he helped the Prophet in the spreading of Islam financially and
emotionally more than any other person and he was just like Prophet in terms of his traits.
8 Anas ibn Malik R.A reported that Holy Prophet said about Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A
kindness in such words, "The most merciful of my Ummah towards my Ummah is Abu
Bakr." (Tirmidhi)
9 Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A was always inquisitive about his fore father's religion of
worshipping various idols and never prayed to anyone.

10. He was a close associate of Holy Prophet from early days of their life
11. He was the first person to enter into Islam when the Prophet invited him.
12. Holy Prophet said about him, "Abu Bakr was the only person who accepted Islam
immediately, without suspicion".
13. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A stood by Holy Prophet and helped preach Islam.
14. He had the honor of converting few people to Allah's religion including, Uthman bin
Affan (R.A), Abdul-Rahman bin Awf (R.A), Talha bin Ubaidullah (R.A), Saad bin Abi
Waqas (R.A), Zubair bin Awwam (R.A) and Abu Ubaydah bin Jarrah(RA).

15. He freed a lot of slaves and one of the most prominent ones; Hazrat Bilal.
16.While praying with Hazrat Talha, they both were tied with a rope, but it untied itself by
Allah's help.

17. He too was persecuted by the Quraish; pulled by his beard in public and beaten up
badly trying to save the Prophet (PBUH).
18. He supported and donated a lot of things to Holy Prophet's clan, when there was boycott
to the Banu Hashim tribe.tribe.
dique (testifier of the truth)
19. After being asked by the people of Quraish, he was the one who testified about Holy
Prophet's journey of Isra and Miraj before even having met he Prophet and also persuaded
other people, due to which he was given the title of As-Sid
20. He stood by the Prophet in order to safeguard him from the Meccans when he was
migrating to the city of Madinah

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21. He had prepared two camels for this journey and took all his money to support the
Prophet. 22. Spent three days with the Prophet in cave of Thaur. Was bitten by a poisonous
insect.
23. During those days it was his son who brought news from Makkah, daughter who
brought food and water and servant who brought milk and walked the flock to erase the
footprints.
24. It is said that it was His money through which Prophet bought the land for the Masjid-
e-Nabwi from the orphans of Banu Najjar

25 Participated in construction of the Mosque.

26. He participated in all the battles along with all the Muslims warriors. 27. In the Battle
of Badr, he travelled while sharing a camel with Hazrat Umar R.A and Abdur Rahman bin
Aul.
28. After Battle of Badr when he met his son who was fighting against the Muslims; the
son said that he would not have killed him if he faced his father during the battle, but Abu
Bakr said to his son that if he had faced him he would have thought twice before killing
him, as the Prophet said, "None of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than
his child, his father and all the people,"

29 He was one of the companions who encircled the Prophet in the Battle of Uhad to protect
him from the attack of Quraish

30 Participated in digging of the Trench

31. He supported the Prophet during the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah while many companions
were surprised why Prophet was agreeing to all the terms of Quraish.
32. in Battle of Hunain, when majority of Muslims ran away because of the fierce attack
of the enemy, he was one of the tw hundred companions who stayed back as well as called
other to stay and fight.
33. He donated all of his wealth in the way of Islam during preparation of Tabuk expedition
34 In 9AH, he was made the first Ameer of Hajj by the Prophet
35. When Holy Prophet fell ill, he was appointed by the Holy Prophet to lead the prayers
in his place.
36. He said on the death of Holy Prophet when people were grieving and not accepting the
death of the messenger of Allah "O people! if anyone amongst you used to worship
Mohammad (S.A.W.), then know that Mohammad (SAN) dead, but if you worship Allah,
then know that Allah is alive and dies not." 37. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A was made the first

209
caliph of Islam after the death of the Messenger of Allah. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

NOTE:
Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A) was the first Caliph after the Prophet Mohammad, one of the first
people to accept Islam and one of the 10 blessed companions. He was born in Makkah in
the year 573 AD, two years and some months after the birth of the Prophet Mohammad, in
a highly respected family of Banu Tamim of the tribe of Quraish in Makkah.
In his early life Abu Bakr Siddiq was a merchant in Makkah and he was well known for
his honesty in dealings due to which people used to keep their belongings with him as
trusts. He earned a considerable amount of wealth through this commerce which was made
possible with the help of his great character. It is said in some place that Abu Bakr (RA)
gave more material support to Muhammad than anyone else and it was immensely
beneficial to the cause of Islam. Abu Bakr (RA) is said to have personality traits like that
of the Holy Prophet as he was also truthful, honest, kind, and compassionate. Regarding
his compassionate behaviour towards others, the Prophet Muhammad is narrated by Anas
ibn Malik (R.A) to have said: "The most merciful of my Ummah towards my Ummah is
Abu Bakr." His empathy for others reached to such an extent that he used to free slaves
from his own earnings, the most prominent one being Hazrat Bilal (RA)
Before the beginning of Islam, Abu Bakr (RA) was already in search for the true religion.
He not only questioned the religion his father and forefathers practiced but he never once
worshipped any idol. For most of their early lives Hazrat Abu Bakr and Prophet
Muhammad were close friends and were mostly in each other's company so when the Holy
Prophet invited tim to Islam, Abu Bakr (R.A) became the first man to embrace Islam and
their steadfast friendship grew into a beautiful companionship. The Holy Prophet was
overjoyed as Abu Bakr (RA) could aid him in preaching Islam to the Quraish and soon
Uthman bin Affan (R.A), Abdul-Rahman bin Awf (R.A), Talha bin Ubaidullah (R.A), Saad
bin Abi Waqas (R.A), Al-Zu bair bin Al-Awwam (R.A) and Abu Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah
(R.A) accepted islam after consulting him. About the accept ance of Islam of Hazrat Abu
Bakr, The Prophet (S.A.W.) once said: "Abu Bakr was the only person who accepted Islam
immediately, without suspicion".him About the cDN was the only person who He too faced
persecution from the Quraish and his own family after converting to Islam, he was pulled
by his bad and beaten in public. Moreover, he was also once tied with Hazrat Talna (RA)
while praying with a rope which m untied by the help of Allah. After the event of the night
of Journey of Prophet of Isra and Miraj no one believed he Muhammad but Hazrat Abu
Bakr did not only believe but insisted to others that the Holy Prophet is not lying sout the
incident. Due to his unwavering faith in the Holy Prophet and in the message of Islam,
Muhammad gave m of As Siddiq. During the boycutt of the Banu Hashim tribe, Hazrat
Abu Bakr provided material support to the clan of the Holy Prophet until he had no more

210
to give. During the migration to Madina, Abu Bakr was constantly with the Holy Prophet
protecting him from hundreds of Makkans who were hunting the Messenger of Allah. In
the first battle against the Guraien Battle of Badr, Hazrat Abu Bakr shared the horse with
Umar and Abdur Rehman bin Auf, in Battle of Uhad, he was one those companions who
encircled and protected the Holy Prophet from attack of Quraish. During Battle of Badr,
Abu Bers son was on the side of the unbelievers and said to his father he would have not
killed him but Abu Bakr following what the Prophet said, "None of you truly believes until
I am more beloved to him than his child, his father and all the people and so he said to his
son that he would have killed him for the sake of Islam. During the contusion in the Battle
of Uhas and Hunain, Abu Bakr stayed with the Holy Prophet while most Muslims ran away
from the battle. In preparations of Tabux expedition he donated all his belongings and
wealth for the sake of Allah. He also participated in the construction of the Prophet's
(PBUH) mosque and also financially helped the Prophet to buy that land.
During the migration, he spent 3 days with the Prophet (PBUH) in the cave of Thaur. His
son brought news from Makka his daughter brought food and water while his servant
walked a flock to erase their footprints. He was one of the very few individuals who initially
supported the decision of the Prophet (PBUH) to sign the Treaty of Hudaibiya which was
seemingly not in favour of Muslims.
Abu Bakr was appointed as first Arneer of Hajj by the Prophet in 9AH. He was a
compassionate man and used his wealth to improve the lives of the other. He would often
free slaves by buying them from their masters and setting them free for example Hazrat
Bilai. He was appointed by the Holy Prophet to lead the Prayer of Muslims during his
illness. After the demise of the Holy Prophet when so many companions like Hazrat Umar
refused to accept the death of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Abu Bakr remain strong and
steadfast and said to all the companions "To proceed, if anyone amongst you used to
worship Mohammad (S.A.W.), then Mohammad (S.A.W.) is dead, but if you worship
Allah, then Allah is Alive and dies not." He also went on to become the first caliph of Islam
after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) IN NOTE

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

HAZRAT UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB
HIGHLIGHTS:
1 He was born in 583 AD
2 Belonged from the tribe of Banu Adi, reputable Quraish tribe.
3 was born 13 years after the birth of Holy Prophet

4. in the times of illiteracy, he was one of them who was able to read and write,

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5. He was aware with the history of Arabia and art and science of genetics.
6.He was very courageous, famous wrestler, flawless horse-rider and

7.He was successful ambassador of Quraish.

8 in early days of his youth he took care of the flock of his father and later started to
conduct trade and would tra great orator.Syria for business.

9 intially, he was one of the worst enemies of Islam and was against Holy Prophet that he
even planned mur 10 He got the information regarding his sister and brother-in-law
accepting Islam when he was on his way to

11. He got furious and went to deal with them first.Sreed bin Zayd the Quran.
12. He heard them reciting the Quran from the outside. Hazrat Khabab R.A was present
inside teaching Hazrat Fatima and sayed him zayd the Quran.

13. They hid Khabab R.A and the scripture.

14 .After entering, Hazrat Umar quarreled with his sister and brother-in-law.
15. He slapped his sister in a fight who started bleeding.

16. This made him guilty and ashamed, he asked her to show her the Quran.
17 He took a bath and read verses of Surah Taha.
18. "Indeed, I am Allah. There is no delty except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer
for My remembrance." This verse of surah Taha affected Hazrat Umar R.A that he
immediately went to Holy Prophet to accept Islam.

19 On seeing Hazrat Umar R.A, Holy Prophet asked him, "Umar! What brings you here"?
20.Hazrat Umar R.A replied, "I am here to accept Islam."
21.it was a belief that after Hazrat Umar R.A entering Islam, the torture of Meccans will
stop, but it continued.
22The pagans chanted standing outside the home of Hazrat Umar R.A. "Umar has no
religion."

23.Hazrat Umar R.A was offered by his relative, Aas ton Wail to stay with him but he
refused that he would not take refuge when his other Muslim brothers were facing the
enemy's persecution.

24.Hazrat Umar R.A was the one who asked Holy Prophet to perform the prayers openly
in Kaabah.

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25 Before Hazrat Umer R.A accepting Islam, Muslims used to pray in hiding because of
the hostility of Quraish

26.Holy Prophet on Hazrat Umar R.A suggestion led the first open prayers in Kaaba.
27. Holy Prophet gave him the title of "Al-Farooq" for his bravery which meant
"distinguisher between right and wrong.

28. However much and however way possible he tried to provide food to the people who
were boycotted by the Quraish
29. He stayed behind in Makkah when everyone travelled to Madinah in 622 AD to make
sure no one disturbs the
30. He openly prayed in the Kaaba and challenged everyone who tried to stop him.
31. Holy Prophet said for his bravery, "I see that devil either from humans or jinn, runs
away from Umar."
32. He announced his migration to all people and chiefs of Quraish and challenged anyone
who wanted to stop him.

33. Participated in the construction of Masjid-e-Nabwi

34. Dreamt about the words of the Azan which were later taught to Hazrat Bilal for giving
the Azan .

35. He participated and stood by Holy Prophet and Muslims in all the battles.
36. Shared the camel with Abu Bakr and Abdur Rehman bin Auf during Battle of Badr.

37. One of the companions who encircled the prophet and acted as a shield to safeguard
Holy Prophet from the enemies in the Battle of Uhad.
38. Participated in digging of the Trench

39. He expressed his concerns during Treaty of Hudaibiyyah about all the conditions being
against the Muslims, but the Prophet told him to have patience.
40. One of the few hundred companions who stayed back and called other to stay and fight
during Battle of Hunain.
41For the preparation of Tabuk expedition, he gave half of his wealth in charity.
42. He grieved a lot on the death of Holy Prophet

43 Became the successor to Hazrat Abu Bakr; second Rightly Guided Caliph of the
Muslims, Amir-ul-Momineen.
FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

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NOTE:
Hazrat Umar was born in 583 A.C in Banu Adi, a tribe of Quraish in Mekkah. He was 13
years younger than the Holy
Prophet Muhammad and in the beginning was one of the fiercest enemies of islam but later
became one of the 10 bed

companions of the Holy Prophet. literacy was common in the pre-Islamic era; not many
knew how to read or write an
I would rely solely on memory. Hazrat Umar however, was among the few who had learnt
to read and write in his youth. He was familiar with the art and science of genetics and
knew the history of the Arabia well; He was very brave and waswell-known wrestler,
debater, and a spirited person in his youth time: Hazrat Umar was also famous for his
flawless horse-riding skills and was a renowned public speaker and successful ambassador
of the Quraish. In the beginning he was a frantic enemy of the Holy Prophet and would
persecute islam, one day he planned on king the Messenger of Allah. While he was on his
way to execute his plan to kill Holy Prophet, he met Nuaym ibn Abdullah who told Umar
about his sister and brother in law of embracing Islam He went to his sister, Fatima's house
where her sister and his brother in law were being taught Quran by Khabab (R.A). He
inquired about their acceptance of Islam and start quarrel ing with them. Hazrat Umar
slapped his sister in a way that she bied, after seeing his sister bleeding he calmed down
and out of the guilt asked his sister to show him the pages on which Quran was written. He
recited the Quran after taking bath; it was the beginning of Surah Ta-Ha. Finally, he came
to the verse: "Indeed, am Allah. There is no deity except Me so worship Me and establish
prayer for My remembrance." Hazrat Umar felt so strongly about this verse that he went to
meet Prophet Muhammad. When Prophet Muhammad saw him he said, "Umar! What
brings you here"? He said, " am here to accept Islam." This can be said to be the result of
Prophet's dua he made to Allah to strengthen Islam by granting it with either of the two
Umar's, Umar ibn Khattab or Umar ibn hisham; Allah chose Umar ibn Khattab and islam
was indeed strengthened as a strong and influential mamber of Quraish accepted Islam.

Though Hazrat Umar had great infuence and had accepted Islam, the disbelievers of Mecca
continued to persecute the Muslims. They started gathering around Hazrat Umar's home
and raised slogans saying, "Umar has no religion." Witnessing this Aas Ibn Wall, who was
a relative of Hazrat Umar, told Hazrat Umar to stay with him as he would be safe. Hazrat
Umar refused and said that he did not deem it appropriate to seek refuge whilst his Muslim
brothers had to face the persecution.Though Hazrat Umar had great influence and had
accepted istam, the disbelievers of Me Muslims. They started gathering around Hazrat
Umar's home and raised slogans saying, "Umar has no religion." Witnessing this Aas Ibn
Wail, who was a relative of Hazrat Umar, told Hazrat Umar to stay with him as he would
be safe Hazrat Umar refused and said that he did not deem it appropriate to seek refuge

214
whilst his Muslim brothers had to tacy the persecution. persecute the in the warly days of
islam Muslims were not able to offer Salah publicly due to fear of persecution by the chiefs
of Quraish But when Hazrat Umar (R.A) accepted team, he suggested to the Holy Prophet
that they should perform Salah in the ly Kaaba, where the Messenger of Allah for the first
time led the Muslim prayer. Due to such fearless proposal of Hazrat Umar (RA), he was
given the title of Al-Farooq by Hazrat Muhammad, which means "the one who
distinguishes between the right and the wrong". He also tried to give food to Muslims in
any way possible while they were boycotted by the Makkans. He also openly prayed in the
Kaabah and challenged anyone who even tried to stop him.
During the migration from Makkah to Madina in 622 AD while everyone travelled, Hazrat
Umar stayed behind to promote offering prayer in Kaabah by challenging anyone to even
dare stop him from offering prayer in the Kaabah. The Holy Prophet applauded his
confidence in the following words, "I see that devil either from humans or jinn, runs away
from During all the battles he remained close to the Holy Prophet and protected him during
Uhad. He shared the horse with Abu Bakr and Abdur Rehman bin Auf In Battle of Badr.
He donated half of all his wealth in Tabuk expedition. He partici pated in the construction
of Masjid-e-Nabwi. Umar (R.A) dreamt the words of the Azan which was ultimately taught
to Hazrat Bilal (RA) and was recited aloud before every prayer. He shared a camel with
Abdur Rehman bin Auf (RA) in the Battle of Badr. He was also part of the group who
encircled the Prophet (PBUH) in the Battle of Uhad and participated in the digging of the
trench In the Battle of Khandaq. Initially, he did not agree with the terms of the Treaty of
Hudaibiya however, he was immediately satisfied after the Prophet (PBUH) informed him
that it was Allah's choice as well. Umar (RA) was one of the few hundred companions who
remained back and asked others to come back and fight in the Battle of Hunain. He also
contributed half of his entire wealth in the cause of Aliah during the Battle of Tabuk.

Hazrat Umar had a hard time accepting the death of the Holy Prophet and which in a highly
emotional state of shock. He became the second caliph of Islam after the death of Abu Bakr
(R.A) and came to be known as Ameer ul Momineen.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

HAZRAT USMAN
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. He was born in 573 A.C.
2. Belonged from the tribe of Quraish in Makkah, Banu Umayya tribe.
3. He had the honor of learning to read and write.

4. He earned money by doing business of clothes.

215
5. The people of Makkah respected him a lot since he used to help the poor people a lot
and was a charitable individual.

6. Hazrat Usman R.A entered the religion of Islam through Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A
7. After embracing islam, he had to face a lot of torture by his uncle, was beaten up and
also tied and wrapped in rug and put to fire to suffocate, so that he would renounce his
faith, but he stayed strong and continued practicing Islam.
8. Holy Prophetly made him one of the honorary scribes for the Quran because of his skills.
9. He was married to Ruqayya R.A, daughter of Holy Prophet

10. He travelled to Abyssinia along with his wife, because of the Quraish torture.
11. There was a rumor that the people of Quraish accepted Islam, so they returned to
Makkah, but after migrated again to Abyssinia upon learning the rumor was false.

12. Later they again left for Madinah,

13. He started earning money in Madinah by setting up a business.
14. He was always present in the duty for Islam and always donated huge amounts in the
way of Allah.
15. There was an incident in which he bought "Birr-i-Rumah" for the free use of Muslims
for 20,000 dirhams from a Jew

16. This incident made Holy Prophet gave him the title of Al-Ghani which meant The
Generous and the paradise lidings.

17 Runarya R.A, his first wife, was ill at the time of Battle of Badr and so Hazrat Usman
R.A did not participate in the battle though he was given the reward.
18. Umm-e-Kulsoom, daughter of the Prophet, was his second wife after

119. Got the title of "Dhul-Nurain" meaning, the possessor of two lights, since he had the
honor of marrying two daughters.
20. After the death of Umm-e-Kulsoom, Holy Prophet said, "Even if I had one hundred
given all of them in marriage to "Usman (one after the other), if each one had died."
21. He was a charitable and open-hearted person.
22. He contributed a lot of wealth in the Battle of Badr, Uhad and Khandaq.

23. At Hudalbiyyah Hazrat Usman was sent by the Prophet to negotiate with the Quraish
on behalf of the Muslims, to Blow them to perform Umrah.

216
24. After his delay in returning a rumor spread at Hudaibiyyah that he had been killed due
to which the Prophet took anoath to avenge the blood of Usman known as Bait-e-Rizwan.

25.In Tabuk expedition, he donated around hundred horses, one thousand gold coins and
three hundred camels laden with things.
26. After this he was again given the glad tidings of Paradise by the Prophet, "From this
day on, nothing will harm usman regardless what he does.
27. Once the Prophet, Abu Bakr, Umar and Usman R.A were on mount of Uhad and it
shook. The Prophet PBUH said, "Be firm, O Uhad! For on you there are no more than a
Prophet, a Siddique, and two Martyrs (Umar and Usman)."
28. Holy Prophet was always impressed by his qualities and believed that his actions cannot
go against Islam.

29.he was very modest

30 Once Hazrat Usman R.A entered a room where Holy Prophet was lying, and he
immediately got up and adjusted his clothes.

31. Later, Hazrat Aisha K.A enquired about this, and he replied, "Should I not show
modesty to one, whom even the angles show modesty .
32. Usman R.A succeeded Umar R.A and became the third Caliph of the Muslims.

NOTE
Hzrat Usman (RA) belonged to a noble family of Quraish, Banu Umayya, a tribe of
Makkah. He was born in 573 A.C. at Lisman was one of the known people of Makkah who
knew reading and writing and He had a business of clothes in which he was very successful.
Hazrat Usman used to spend his money on helping poor and needy people and was well
nown for his noble acts amongst the Makkans who had great respect for him in their hearts.
Harat Usman (RA) was one of those people who accepted islam in early days though the
invitation of Abu Bakr. The Arash upon learning his acceptance to Islam verbally and
physically abused him. Even his close relatives started to suke him and chastised him
severely. Regardless of any persecution, he remained steadfast and was appointed as one
ne honorary scribes of the Holy Quran because he had beautiful handwriting.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

NOTE:
Hazrat Usman had the honour of being manied to Ruqayya (R.A) one of the daughters of
Prophet Muhammad se When the persecution in Makkah Increased, he migrated to
Abyssinia with her and some other followers of lelem but later came back and again

217
migrated to Madina due to the false rumour that Quraish had accepted islam, He set up his
business again in Madina and soon it began to flourish, a armies during different like Badr,
had business to help people. He was one of the main sponsors of the Muslim armies during
different battles like Badr, Uhad and Khandaq.
Hazrat Usman was given the title 'Al-Ghani meaning "The Generous when he purchased a
well named "Bir-i-Rumah from a Jew against 20,000 dirhams for free use of Muslims and
upon this act the Holy Prophet gave him the tidings of paradise. He was also given the title
of "Dhul-Nurain" Le, the possessor of two lights because he was married to two daughters
of Prophet Muhammad. He married Umm-e-kuloom after his wife Ruggaya who was ill
and passed away due to which Hazrat Usman could not participate in the Battle of Badr,
but he was given the glad tidings that he has been given a reward just like as he was a
participant in the war. When the second daughter of the Holy Prophet passed away, the
Holy Prophet remarked, "Even if had one hundred daughters, I would have given all of
them in marriage to "Usman (one after the other), if each one had died."

When the Muslims aimed to go for an Umrah in Makkah after the Prophet (PBUH) had a
dream, they stayed at Hudaibiya Just before Makkah. At this point, Usman (RA) was sent
by the Prophet (PBUH) to negotiate with the Quraish. When he did not return after a
considerable amount of time, rumours spread about him getting killed. Due to this, the
Prophet (PBUH) took an oath, by the name of Bayt-e-Ridwan to avenge his blood.

During preparations of Tabuk expedition, Hazrat Usman donated three hundred camels
with goods on them, around one hundred horses and one thousand coins of gold. The Holy
Prophet said that Uthman had served Islam to such an extent that now he could do
whatsoever he wished, and that God would not question him again giving him glad tidings
of Paradise. This shows that he possessed so many good qualities that it was impossible
for his actions to be against the teachings cf Islam. On another occasion, the Holy Prophet
was lying down in a room when suddenly Hazrat 'Uthman entered. The Holy Prophet
instantly sat up and began adjusting his clothes. Later when Hazrat Aisha asked the Holy
Prophet about this, he replied, "Should I not show modesty to one whom even the Angels
show modesty." Once the Prophet, Abu Bakr, Umar and Usman R.A were on mount of
L'had and it started to shake. The Prophet PBUH said, "Be firm, O Uhad! For on you there
are no more than a Prophet, a Siddique, and two Martyrs (Umar and Usman)." Usman
(R.A) went on to become the third Caliph of Islam after the demise of Umar
(R.A)HAZRAT ALI

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. He was born in Kaaba on 13th Rajab, Friday, 601AD.
2. Belonged for the Ban! Hashim tribe of Quraish

218
3. Abu Talib, the uncle of Holy Prophet was the father of Hazrat All RA, who brought up
Holy Prophet

4. Fatima bint-e-Asad, a respected lady from the Bani Hashim tribe, was the mother of
Hazrat Al RA, who Holy Prophe also liked as his own mother.
5. Holy Prophet was the one who decided his name when he was born.

6. Hazrat All R.A had the honor of growing up under the guidance of Holy Prophet and
Hazrat Khadija, since the prophet took responsibility of bringing him up due to Abu Talib's
financial condition.

7. Accepted Islam at the age of ten, became the youngest and the first child to accept Istam
8. Holy Prophet started spreading the message of Allah initially to his close family and
friends, and asked them, "Wh will join me in the cause of Almighty Allah?"

9. No one but Hazrat All RA Immediately responded, "Though my eyes are sore, my legs
are thin, and am the youngest of all those present here, yet I will stand by you, O Messenger
of Allah."

10. After embracing Islam, he always stood by Holy Prophet and safeguarded him for all
the torture of the pagans a much as he could
11. He made sure that Holy Prophet left Makkah and travelled to Madinah safely along
with Hazrat Abu Bakar RA by accepting to sleep in his bed and act as a decoy to buy time
for the Prophet to safely leave.

12. Holy Prophet entrusted him with the duty of returning all the belongings of people
which he kept for safe keeping before he reunited with the Prophet in Ouba.
13. He also participated in the construction of Masjid-e-Nabwi

14. During the brotherhood pact between Muhajirin and Ansar, Hazrat Ali was not paired
with anyone and was worried The Prophet paired All with him saying, "You are my brother
in this world and in the Hereafter."

15. Hazrat All was married to Hazrat Fatima R.A, daughter of the Prophet in 2AH and
became the Prophet son-in-law. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED
COMPANIONS

16. Holy Prophet received many proposals for manage for his daughter but refuted and
after consent from both sides and chose Hazrat All RA for her.
17.Tha matrimonial relationship also strengthened the bond between Holy Prophet and
Hazrat Ali (RA).

219
18.They both lived a happy life and had five children; Imam Hassan RA, Imam Hussain
RA, Zainab RA, Umm RA and Mohsin R.A Apart from Hazrat Hassan and Hussain the
rest did not live long rede not marry any other woman during the lifetime of Fatima FLA
He always stood by the side of the Prophet and fought in many battles 21 in the dual before
the main war started, he killed Wald bin Utha in Battle of Badr

1 Battle of Uhad, he was one of the companion who protected holy Prophet from the
pagan's attack 25 the Battle of Trench, Amr ibn Wud, one of the famous and oldest warrior
of Quraish known to have a power of ang 1000 men together, managed to cross the trench
but was killed in a dual by Hazrat All A 24 He was literate, could read and write, and was
one of the scribes of the Holy Quran. He also used to write letters and ties for the Prophet.
He was ordered by the Prophet PBUH to write the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah.

25 After Suhail bin Amr had an objection to the title Muhammad Rasulullah. Prophet toid
Hazrat Al to cut it off but Ali RA refused to do so out of respect. 27. in the Battle of
Khaybar, he was given the leadership of the Muslim army to capture the biggest and
strongest Jewish Fert Camus.
2 Before choosing, Holy Prophet said that he will choose the one who loves Allah and his
messenger and is also ed by them, and so he chose Hazrat Ali RA

28 This decision shocked everyone as he was weak and pale, but he fought furiously and
earned the victory. 30 Single-handedly broke the gate of the fort which later took 20-40
people to lift
31 The Jewish army sent one of their best warrior, Marhab and after a furious and igniting
fight between the two, Harrat ARA ended him with his sword.

32 Due to the victory he was given the title of Asadullah, The Lion of Allah.
33. When the Muslims were to fight the Romans at Tabuk, Hazrat Ali RA was directed by
Holy Prophet to stay behind in Madinah to take care of the women, children and the weak
34. Hazrat All F.A was not happy with this, so he asked the Prophet . "Do you leave me
with the children and the women? 35. Holy Prophet replied, "Are you not satisfied to be to
me like Harun was to Musa, except that there shall be no Prophet after me?"

38 in BAH when Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A was made the Ameer of Hajj. Hazrat Ali R.A was
the one who was responsible to et aloud Surah Taubah (Ailaan-e-Baraat) in all the
ceremonies of the Hajj. He had the honor of giving bath (Ghusl) to Holy Prophet's body
when he died and also buried him. 3 He went on to become the fourth caliph of Islam, after
Usman (R.A).

220
NOTE:
pached the message of Allah to his immediate family circle and asked, "Who will join me
in the cause of Almighty Aah? From the entire gathering only Hazrat Ali stood up with
great courage and made his firm bellet in the Word of Right usness known in front of all,
"Though my eyes are sore, my legs are thin and I am the youngest of all those present here,
yet I will stand by you, O Messenger of Allah." From that day forward All (R.A) became
the Prophet's shield during the persecutions and especially during the time of the boycott
of Banu Hashim. During the migration to Madina, Hazrat asked his life to make sure the
Messenger of Allah would safely leave for Madina with Abu Bakr (R.A), and he returned
at the belongings of various people that were under the trust of Prophet Muhammad as per
his instructions before he oined the Holy Prophet in Quba. He also participated in the
construction of Masjid-e-Nabwi.
HING anat All (RA) belonged to the tribe Quraish and the family of Bani Hashim in
Makkah, He was born in the Holy Kaaba on Friday, 13th Rajab. He was the son of Abu
Talib, the uncle of Holy Prophet, who had nourished and brought up the y Prophet. His
mother Fatima bint-e Asad was also a noble lady belonging to the tribe of Bani Hashim
whom the Prophet respected as his own mother. When he was born his name was suggested
by Hazrat Muhammad that's his name became more significant. Hazrat Ali (RA) had a
great honour of being the first cousin of Hazrat Muhammad and was also brought up under
his kind and inspiring supervision for most of the time of his lite Hazrat Ali (RA) was the
first among the youth to have accepted Islam at the age of just 10. When Prophet
Muhammad a the 2nd year of migration to Madina, the Holy Prophet got many marital
proposals for Hazrat Fatima (RLA) who was he most beloved daughter of Prophet
Muhammad. But He rejected all of them and finally decided to marry her to Pazrat Ali
(RA) with mutual approval. Hazrat Ali got the honour of becoming the son in Law of
Prophet Muhammad and forming their ever-closer relationship with a family bond. Both
Hazrat Ali (R.A) and Hazrat Fatima (R.A) lived a well-sat sted life and had 5 children,
namely: Hassan (R.A), Hussain (R.A), Zainab (R.A), Umm Kulthoom (R.A), and Mohsin
(RA), who died in his early childhood. He never married another woman during the lifetime
of Fatimah (RA). FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS
Battle of Badr, Hazrat All killed Wald bin Utba during the initial dual before the main fight.
In Uned he was one of the com panions who encircled the Prophet to protect him from the
fierce attack of the enemy In Trench he is known to have killed one of the most famous
warmors of Quraish, Amr ibn Wud who was thought to be equivalent to 1000 men in
fighting, He managed to cross the trench and challenged all Muslims to fight after which
All R.A slayed him, He was literate, thus, becoming one of the prominent scribes of the
Prophet (PBUH). He also wrote certain letters and treaties for the Prophet (PBUH), most
prominent one being the Treaty of Hudaibiya, during which he refused to remove the name

221
of Muhammad Rasulullah upon objection by Suhail bin Amr The Prophet (PBUH) had to
remove it himself

During the war of Khyber against Jews Muslims tried to capture the strong Jewish Fort
Qamus at Khyber, The Messenger announced that He would wanted to Hazrat All (R. A)
upon which everybody was prophets and they also love him. The next day, the authority
was awarded to Hazrat All (RA) upon which everybody was amazed as he looked pale and
sick not only rejected his invitation to islam but also sent their well-known and bravest
combatant, Marhab in front, who challenged Hazrat All FLAj to fight him. The Arabs
witnessed the unbelievable force and power of Hazrat Ali (RA), who killed Marhab
Through the vigorous blow of his sword. Then the Holy Prophet gave him the title of
"Asadullah", which means "Lion of Allah"

AS RA was appointed by the Prophet to stay behind in Madina to look after the city as all
others left to fight the Romans in Tabuk Hazrat Ali expressed his feelings of not liking
being left behind and said to the Prophet, "Do you leave me with the children and the
women?" The Messenger replied: 'Are you not satisfied to be to me like Harun was to Musa
except that there shall be no Prophet after me?". He was also given the responsibility to
recite the verses of Surah Taubah during all the rituals of the first Hajj in which Hazrat Abu
Bakr was the Ameer. Hazrat Ali is the only person who gave the Holy Prophet his funeral
bath and lowered him in his grave. He also had the honour of becoming the fourth caliph
of Islam, succeeding Usman (RA).

HAZRAT TALHA IBN UBAIDULLAH

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Born 594 AD
2.Son of Ubaydallah ibn Uthman and Saaba bint Abdullah
3.Belonged to Banu Taym clan of Ouraish
4. Was dark complexioned with wavy hair, a handsome face with a narrow note
5. Successful cloth-merchant who eventually left an estate worth 30 million dirhams the
age of 16.

Once Talha and Abu Bakar were tortured in which they were tied together and were laid
down on the ground
6. in 612 AD he accepted islam on the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A. One of the first
eight men accept islam at the age of 18.
7. He had to face a lot of hardships from people of Quraish after he embraced islam
from Banu Taym came to help them.

222
8. They came to be known as "The Two Tied Together"
9 Nawfil Ibn Khuwalid was the one who tortured them, but later stopped as he got
embarrassed and read th resuit of these activities will not be beneficial
11. He migrated to Madinah along with other Muslims, including Holy Prophet's two
daughters Umme Kuistome Fatima R.A as well as Holy Prophet's wife, Hazrat Sawda R.A.

12. He also brought Hazrat Abu Bakr's family to Madina

13. He was involved in a lot of battles, including Battle of Badr, Battle of Uhad.
14. He was instructed by Holy Prophet, along with Saeed bin Zaid to spy on the army of
Quraish before Batle to
15. The battle ended before they returned, which upset them due to not being able to
participate in the fight.

16. Holy Prophet gave them their share from the spoils of war and comforted them.
17. His hand got badly injured in the Battle of Uhad while protecting Holy Prophet's head
from a sword

18. He received 70 wounds, lost 2 fingers, disabled an arm, got a deep cut in his leg and
was hit in the head by spears yet he continued to defend the Prophet.
19. Due to this the Prophet was named "The Living Martyr' from Holy Prophet

20. Hazrat Aisha R.A reported that Hazrat AbuBakr R.A would always remember the day
of Uhad and say, "It was Talha's day."

21. Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A said, "I was the first who approached the Prophet He said to me
and to Abu Ubaidah ibn Al-Jarrah, "Watch out for your brother." We looked at him, and
we could see more than 70 stabs. His finger was cut off. We tried to remedy his condition."

22. Holy Prophet said, "Whosoever wishes to see a martyr on the surface of the earth, let
him look at Talha bin Ubald Ullah."
23. Talha always fought from the front and defended Islam in all the events. FIRST
ISLAMIC

10 BLESSED COMPANIONS
He always distributed his money to the needy people and in the way of islam, on which
Ant ways the w re for his generous behavior.
Prophet also called him with the names, "Talha the Excellent", "Talha the Splendid" and
"The Jabar ibn Abdullah about him, "I never saw anybody giving out so much money
without being asked as Holy Prophet also gave him the title of 'Fayyaz' due to his generosity

223
during the Tabuk expedition ibn Ubaid Ullah," Holy Prophet always praised Talha and
Zubair, and said, "Talha and Zubair are my neighbors in Paradise He was martyred in the
Battle of Camel during Hazrat All's Caliphate in 35AH/ 656 AD.

NOTE
Ubaid Ullah was one of the closest companions of the Holy Prophet, who was the first
person who embraced san hom Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A After entering Islam, he was greatly
tortured by the people of Quraish. There was even event where he and Hazrat Abu Bakar
R.A were tied and were left on the ground. The pagan, Nawfil Ibn Khawalid was The one
who was given the task to humiliate them, but later they all stopped because they were
ashamed of their deeds d were worried for the after effect of the persecution. He moved to
the city of Madinah along with other Muslims, includ agholy Prophet daughters, Umme
Kulsoom and Fatima R. A. Holy Prophet se wife, Hazrat Sawdah R.A also accompe sad
them. He was a successful cloth-merchant and he willingly left his entire business worth
30 million dirhams f sk of islam the He stood by the side of Holy Prophet all his life and
defended Islam in various battles. He did not fight in the Battle of Badr as he, along with
Sa'id ibn Zaid, was instructed to check on the enemy army from Makkah during the Battle
of Badr, who were under the leadership of Abu Jahl. When they returned and found that
the war ended, he got upset since he was not by the side of Holy Prophet, however, Holy
Prophet comforted them and offered them their share from the aptured booty. He was also
a part of Battle of Uhad and injured his hand while safeguarding Holy Prophet head from
the attack of an enemy sword. He was given the name of 'Living Martyr due to the fact that
he sustained 70 wounds, lost 2 fingers, got a disabled arm, a deep cut in the leg and was hit
by a spear two times in the head, yet he continued to defend he Prophet (PBUH) Holy
Prophet said, "Whosoever wishes to see a martyr on the surface of the earth, let him look
at Talha bin Ubaid Ullah." Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A remembered this battle in the following
words as reported by Hezrat Aisha RA
"Whenever Abu Bakar recalled the day of Uhad he used to say, it was the Talha's day."
Hazrat Abu Bakar said, " brother." We looked at him, and we could see more than 70 stabs.
His finger was cut off. We tried to remedy his condi the first who approached the Prophet.
He said to me and to Abu Ubaidah ibn Al-Jarrah, "Watch out for your Holy Prophet Talha
ibn ubaid ullah

Moreover, he always supported Hazrat Ali R.A for the caliphate, but later accepted Hazrat
Abu Bakar RA was against Hazrat Ali R.A when he was delaying the revenge of Hazrat
Usman RA asasina past him in the Battle of Camel along with Zubair ibn al-Awwam and
died in the battle in 35 AD.

224
HAZRAT ZUBAIR IBN AL-AWWAM
HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Son of Hazrat Safiyya R.A, Prophet's aunt.
2.He was Hazrat Khadija R.A's nephew and Holy Prophet's cousin.
3.Father died while he was still young

4. Was very strong from early age and later became even stronger and a great warrior.
5. He was medium heighted, lean and dark-complexioned
6 Accepted Islam on the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A at the age of 15

7. One of the first 5 men to accept Islam .

8He faced a lot of hardships at the hands of Quraish.
9. He was tormented by his uncle. Once, he folded him in a mat, fired it and let him burn
and cry .
10. His uncle said, "Disbelieve in Muhammad's Lord and I will stop this torture."
11. Zubair replied in a loud voice, "No! By Allah, I will not return to polytheism ever
again." FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS
12. He eventually migrated to Abyssinia and was one of the first 15 to migrate there.
13. He came back to Makkah with a group of Muslims upon hearing the rumor that
Makkans had accepted islam.
14. Later migrated to Madina in 622 AD.

15. He was married to Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A's daughter, Hazrat Asma R.A.
16. He always supported Holy Prophet and defended his honor.
17. He played a vital part in Battle of Badr, Battle of Uhad and Khaybar Expedition.

18. He stood by Holy Prophet in Uhad to protect him from enemy's attack and didn't leave
his position, which caused him to have several wounds from stabs on his body
19. After Battle of Uhad he was sent by the Prophet with Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A to chase
the enemy's army so that they do not return to attack Madina
20. He was a brave warrior and a great horse rider
21. Once a companion, on seeing his body, said to him, "I've seen on your body what I've
never seen before."

225
22. Zubair replied, "By Allah, I haven't received one of them except while I was with the
Prophet and in the cause of Allah."

23. Holy Prophet said about him, "Every Prophet has a disciple, and my disciple is Zubair."
24. He always wanted to be martyred in the way of Allah and even named his children after
the names of martyred people, at he said, "Talha gave his sons names of the Prophets and
he knows there is no prophet after Muhammad Butt give my sons the names of the martyrs,
and they may die as martyrs."
25. Holy Prophet always praised Talha and Zubair, and said, "Talha and Zubair are my
neighbors in Paradise."
26. He was martyred in the Battle of Camel during Hazrat Ali's Caliphate in 35AH/ 656
AD

NOTE:
Zubair Ibn al-Awwam was related to Holy Prophet and Hazrat Khadija R.A in a way that
he was a coutin to Holy Prophet and was a nephew of Hazrat Khadija RA He was also
related to Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A since he married his daughter. He was the son of Hazrat
Safiyya (RA), Prophet's (PBUH) aunt. His father died while he was still young. He was
one of the few people who embraced Islam very early, after Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) at the
age of 15. After entering the religion of Islam, he was tormented by the Quraish. He was
persecuted by his own uncle, who was forcing him to renounce Allah. His uncle, once,
placed him in a mat and put it on fire, and asked Zubair, "Disbelieve in Muhammad's Lord
and will ward off this torture." Listening to this. Zubair shouted, "Nol By Allah, won't
return to polytheism ever again." This torture was the reason for him to travel to Abyssinia.
However, he returned to Madinah with a group of few Muslims. He eventually got married
to the daughter of Abu Bakr (RA). Hazrat Asma (RA).
He always stood by the side of Holy Prophet and always defended him. There was an event,
in which few Muslims were hiding in Dar-al-Arqam, when the news about Holy Prophet 4
death was given to them. Zubair got furious with the new and left with his sword to avenge.
However, soon he was told that the news was not true, and when he met Holy Prophet She
told him that. Holy Prophet on listening to this, prayed to Allah to have mercy on him and
bless him.
He fought and defended in a lot of battles, including Battle of Badr, Battle of Uhad and
Khaybar Expedition. Along with Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A, he was directed by Holy Prophet
to go behind the enemy army after the Battle of Uhad, so that enemy would believe in the
Muslims army strength and do no attack Madinah again He was a fearless fighter and a
horseman, who always defended Islam. In Battle of Yarmuk, he fought with so much

226
passion against the huge army of Romans, when his own army was backing off, he attacked
them ather shouting. "Allahu Akbar! Allah is the greatest."

His body was full of wounds he had from the stabs in order to light for Allah. One of the
companions on seeing these plenty of wounds said to Zubair, "I have seen on your body
what I've never seen before." On this Zubair replied, "By Allan,! haven't received one of
them except while was with the Prophet and in the cause of Allah."
He was also the member of that army who stood by the gate of Makkah, He supported
Hazrat Ali R.A for the position of the caliph, but later when Hazrat Ali R.A became the
caliph, he stood against him for delaying the revenge of Hazrat Usman R.A murder. He
fought for Hazrat Usman R A murder in the Battle of camel along with Talha ibn
Ubaidullah and was killed in the battle.

He was given the title of "Disciple of the messenger of Allah' by the Holy Prophet He
always wanted for himself the death of martyred as well for his sons, that he named them
after the martyred people, as he said, "Talha gave his sons name of the Prophets and he
knows there is no prophet after Muhammad. But I give my sons the names of the martyrs,
and they may die as martyrs."
Holy Prophet always liked Zubair and Talha and mentioned them their neighbours. "Talha
and Zubair are my neighbours in paradise."

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

NOTE
HAZRAT ABDUR REHMAN BIN AUF
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. From Banu Zuhra clan of Quraish
2. He was the first Meccans to embrace Islam on invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A
3.The changed his name from Abu Amr to Abdur Rehman.

4 After accepting Islam, he faced a lot of difficulties due to the hostilities of Quraish
5. Quraish used to say, "We will boycott your goods and reduce you to beggary."
6. These harsh conditions led him to migrate to Abyssinia. One of the first 15 people to
migrate there.
7. Later he migrated to Madina and was paired with Hazrat Saad bin Al-Rabi till he re-
established his business.

227
8. Hazrat Saad offered him half of his property to which he replied, "May Allah bless you
and your family, guide me to the market"

9. He used to earn money by selling cheese and butter and after some time was able to trade
with other people
10. He always did business with honest intention and never used illegal means to earn
money.
11. He was a God-fearing and generous person, as he always helped the needy.
12. Once he returned to Madinah from Syria with about 700 camels, burdened with a lot
of goods and distributed them in the people of Madinah.
13. Hazrat Aisha R.A has reported that the Holy Prophet said about him, "I saw Abd
Rahman ibn Awf crawling into paradise."

14. He took part in the Battle of Badr and Battle of Uhad.

15. During Battle of Badr the Muslims' financial condition was poor and he shared a camel
with Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A and Hazrat Umar R.A taking turns.

16. In Battle of Uhad, he was one of the companions who encircled the Prophet to protect
him from attack.
17. He got greatly injured which took some time to heal but became lame for the rest of his
life. 18. He was one of a very close associate of Holy Prophet
19. He was the one who was with Holy Prophet when his son, Ibrahim died.

20. He was the commander of Muslims army who was sent by the Prophet to raid Damat
ul Jandal in 6AH
21. He was sent to win over Banu Kalb tribe and get them to adopt Islam and side with the
Muslims
22. During the Tabuk expedition, he was the one who was unanimously decided to lead the
Muslims till Holy Prophet came back and was delighted to be behind the Prophet.

23. Died in 30AH/652 AD during the caliphate of Hazrat Usman R.A.NOTE:

Abd al-Rahman belonged to the cian of Banu Zahra and was one of the very close
associates of the Holy Prophet and was always admired. He was the first person from
Makkah to embrace Islam and he entered islam through Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A. He was
initially known as Abu Amr, but the Prophet (PBUH) changed it to Abdur Rehman bin
Auf. He was greatly tortured by people of Quraish, for which he travelled to Abyssinia.
The structural discrimination against him went such an extent that the Quraish started to
say, "We will boycott your goods and reduce you to beggary." He later came back to

228
Makkah with some Muslims and then moved to Madinah. In Madinah, he up a business to
sell cheese and turter along with Hazrat Saad bin Al-Rabi being his pair. Later, his position
improved so he started trading. He always amed money from Halal sources and stayed
away from haram activities, because of which Allah always blessed him and ecreased his
wealth. He would often have said, that "if he lifted up a stone, he would find gold and silver
under it."
He was a charitable person and always helped the needy, as it can be seen from one event
when he bought 700 camels, mat even Hazrat Aisha R.A was surprised when she was told
and then she remembered the words of Holy Prophet" saw Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf
crawling Into Paradise." they participated in various battles. He was injured in the Battle
of Uhad while he encircled the Prophet (PBUH) and it took me to heal. The financial
position of Muslims in Battle Badr was bad Abd al-Rahman, Hazrat Abu Bakar RA and
Hazrat Umar B.A took turns in sitting on a camel. He was also involved in Tabuk
expedition, which he leads initially when Holy Prophet was away, even when he came, he
was glad to follow him. Moreover, he was present for Holy Prophet when his son, Ibrahim
died. He was the commander of the Muslims army which raided Damat al-Jandal. He was
in favour of Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A for caliphate after the death of the Prophet, when the
Ansar were arguing to make a Caliph from amongst themselves.
When Hazrat Umar R.A died, he made a group of 6 companions, out of which he said that
they will decide his successor. Abd al-Rahman was the name which came to the group's
mind, but he said, "By Allah, it is better for me to put a knife my throat and penetrate it to
the other side." After sometime, he took himself out the successor's race and was made The
decision maker. He chose Hazrat Usman R.A and everyone agreed with him. He died in
the time period of Hazrat Ali RA caliphate in 31AH/ 652 AD.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

SA'AD IBN ABI WAQAS

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Belonged to Banu Zahra clan of Quraish

2. He was the one of the converts to Islam who

accepted religion of Islam at the age of 17 on
the invitation of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)

3. Cousin of Prophet's mother.

4. He had to face a lot of hardships thrown upon them by the Quraish that he used to pray
by going out of Makkah

229
5. He injured an enemy first time in the way of Islam when there a skirmish between
Muslims and enemies after they disturbed them while praying.

6. It was always said that Saad had two weapons, one was his prayer to Allah and second
was his spear.
7. Holy Prophet once prayed for him after he was happy with him for some reason and he
said, "O Allah, make his spear hit accurately and answer his prayers."
8. He was a part of a lot of battles, including Battle of Badr and Battle of Uhad.
9. In the Battle of Uhad, he was along with Holy Prophets throughout the battle and
attacked the army by the arrows given to him by injured Holy Prophet
10. First person to have shot an arrow in the defense of islam
11. He was a God-fearing and generous person. He always donated his wealth to the poor
and in the way of Allah.
12. Participated in the Pledge of Rizwan and Conquest of Makkah
13. During the farewell pilgrimage, he was unwell and Holy Prophet went to see him.

14. He asked Holy Prophete at the moment, "O Messenger of Allah, I own a lot of money
and there is nobody to inherit from me except one daughter. May I contribute two thirds of
my money as alms?" Holy Prophet said, "No." Saad again asked him, "Then half of it?"
Holy Prophet again said, "No." Then, Saad again said. "Then a third?" Holy Prophet then
replied. "Yes, and the third is too much. To leave your heirs wealthy is better than to leave
them having to he dependent on someone. If you spend any money in the cause of Allah,
you'll be rewarded for it, even the bite you put in your wife's mouth."
15. Later, Sazd also had other children.

16. He was the leader of the Muslim army in the Battle of Qadissiya against Persians and
defeated them.
17. He was also the communder of the Muslim army in the Battle of Sassanid.

18. Later, Hazrat Umar appointed him governor of Najd and Kufa.
19. He was the conqueror on Ctesiphon.
20. He was part of the panel of 6 men nominated for caliphate by Hazrat Umar.

21. He declined the opportunity of Caliphate after Hazrat Usman.

22. He acted as an advisor to a lot of caliphs, after the death of Holy Prophet
23. He died in 50AH/ 670 AD, near the city of Madina.

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NOTE:
Saad ibn Abi Waqas belonged to the clan of Banu Zahra Quraish and was a cousin of the
Prophet's (PBUH) mother, Aminah He was one of the companions who was liked by the
Holy Prophet and was converted to the religion of Islam, by Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A. After
accepting islam, he also faced a lot of difficulties by the Quraish like others. In order to
avoid the enemies, he used to go out of the city of Makkah to offer prayers. However, there
was an event, where the hypocrites dis turbed the Muslims while praying and there was a
skirmish that occurred. in this fight, he attacked an enemy and injured. him. It was the first
time when he wounded an enemy while defending Islam.
It was always said that Saad only used two weapons, one was his prayer to Allah and other
was his spear. Whenever he attacked any hypocrite with his spear, they got injured. And
when he called upon Allah by prayers, Allah always listened and answered to him. Once
Holy Prophet was glad of him that he prayed, "O Allah, make his spear hit unerringly and
answer his prayer."

He was present in many expeditions and Battle of Badr. He was by the side of Holy Prophet
in the Battle of Uhad when he was wounded. He was given the arrows by Holy Prophet to
fight the hypocrites and he shot the first one in the defence of Islam. After the death of
Holy Prophethe performed a lot of roles. He worked as an advisor to a lot of caliphs. He
was made the leader of Muslims army against the Persians in the Battle of Qadisiya and
returned with a victory for the Muslims. He also took Bayt e Ridwan and was part of the
Conquest of Makkah.
He was pious and charitable individual who always donated money to the needy and spend
on the way of Allah. Allah always gave him more and more money for his generous nature
He fell ill during the time of farewell pilgrimage. Holy Prophet came to meet him and Saad
asked him, "O Messenger of Allah, I own a lot of money and there is nobody to inherit
from me except one daughter.May I contribute two thirds of my money as alms?"

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

Holy Prophet replied, "No." Then Saad again said, "Then half of it?" Holy Prophet again
replied, "No." He again sad "Then a third?" Again, Prophet de replied, "Yes, and the third
is too much. To leave your heirs wealthy is better than to leave them having to be dependent
on someone. If you spend any money in the cause of Allah, you'll be rewarded for it, even
the bite you put in your wife's mouth." However, he later had more children. He was also
the Governor of Kufa, during the times of Hazrat Usman R.A. Moreover, he commanded
the Muslim army in the Battle of Sassanid, and also conquered Ctesiphon. During the
tenure of Umar (RA), he was appointed as the governor of Najd and Kuta. He died in 50
AH/ 670 AD near Madinah.
ABU UBAIDAH BIN AL-JARRAH

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HIGHLIGTHS:
1Born 583 AD

2 Merchant by profession
3. Belonged to Banu Al-Harith clan of Quraish 4.Before accepting Islam considered to be
a noble of Quraish

5. Famous for his modesty and bravery

6.One of the early converts. Accepted Islam on the invitation of Abu Bakr at the age of 28
in 611AD (a day after Abu Bakr accepted islam)

7.Endured insults and oppression of Quraish

8. He first migrated to Abyssinia and later to Madina in 623AD
9. He was paired with Muhammad ibn Maslamah (Ansari)
10. th Battle of Badr he had to face his own father as the enemy and killed him. Due to this
Quran was revealed, "You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day,
loving those who resist Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or
their sons, or their brothers, or their kindred." 11. He was one of the very trustworthy
Muslim and Holy Prophet always admired his honesty.
12 Holy Prophet once took his hand and said, "In every nation exists a man worthy of all
the trust and the trustwor thy of this nation is Abu Ubaidah ibn Al-Jarrah."
13. He migrated to Abyssinia and then to Madinah.

14. He participated in many battles and defended Islam.

15 Encircled the Holy Prophet who was badly injured in the Battle of Uhad, and he had
some metal pieces stuck in his cheek

16 Abu Libaydah was the one who removed those metal pieces with his teeth. When he
pulled it from one side his own his ch Teeth broke and then he pulled from the other side's
teeth.

17. He was part of the raid after the Battle of Uhad to take revenge from the enemies and
to make sure they don't return Some metal pieces stuck into attack Madina
18 Holy Prophet always admired him for his bravery.

19. He played a vital part in a lot of expeditions, including the one to Dhu al-Qassa in 6AH,
al-Khabt in 7AH and the one where he was sent to Syria. These expeditions were sent as
these tribes participated in conspiring against the Muslims and had to be dealt with so that
future threats could be eliminated.

232
20. In 627AD/6AH, Prophet sent companions to raid on Banu Thalabah tribe of Dhu-Al
Qassa. The first raid was unsuc cessful and many of the Muslims were ambushed and
killed.
21. Prophet sent the second group of 40 soldiers under the command of Abu Ubaidah to
averige the blood of the Muslims who died

22. Upon reaching before dawn they attacked the tribe and took them by surprise. Many of
them fied to the mountains Muslims took their cattle.
23. in 7AH Prophet sent an expedition of 300 men under Abu Ubaidah to invade the tribe
of Juhaina in Al-Khabt, located near the seacoast, 5 nights journey from Madina. They
were to observe a Quraish caravan.
24 Fighting did not occur as they all fled upon hearing the Muslims' arrival. Due to famine
Muslims were struggling to survive. They caught a large fish that came to shore which they
ate for round 20 days, due to which this expedition is known as Expedition of Fish. They
took some back for the Prophet, who ate it as well.
25 Holy Prophet always trusted him and sent him with the delegation of Christians from
Najran to solve their issues
Among them.

26.The prophet called him Amin al Ummah (custodian of the Ummah),

27. The prophet sent him to collect jizya from Bahrain.

28. He was made the leader of one of the four groups during the Conquest of Makkah.
29. Holy Prophet said to them, "I will send you a trustworthy man, a very trustworthy man."
When the companions hard this praise, every one of them prayed that the Prophet was
referring to them with this praise and sincere recommendation. FIRST ISLAMIC
COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS.
30. He supported Abu Bakr for the caliphate and Hazrat Abu Bakar also considered him as
one of the best option for the caliphate.
31. He was the commander of armies that fought against and seized Palestine and Syria 32.
He died in 18AH/ 639 AD in Syria.

33. Hazrat Umar R.A on getting the news about Abu Ubaidah's death got upset and started
weeping and prayed to Allah to have mercy
34. He prayed, "If I were to make a wish, I would have wished a house full of men just like
Abu Ubaidah."

233
35. Hazrat Umar R.A also said these words while he was close to his death, "If Abu
Ubaidah Ibn Al-Jarrah were alive, I would have entrusted him with the caliphate, and if
Allah asked me about him, I would say, I assigned the caliphate to the trustworthy of Allah
and His Prophet, Abu Ubaidah Ibn Al Jarrah."

NOTE:
Abu Ubaydah was born in 583 AD and was a merchant by profession. He belonged to the
clan of Banu Al-Harith and was considered a noble among the Quraish until he accepted
islam. He was popular for his modesty and bravery: was one of the most important
companion of Holy Prophet as he trusted him a lot. "In every nation there exists a man
worthy of all trust and the trustworthy of this nation is Abu Ubaidah Ibn Al-Jarraah." Even
when Hazrat Umar R.A was dying, he said, "If Abu Ubaidah Ibn Al-Jarraah were alive, I
would have entrusted him with the caliphate, and if Allah asked me about him, I would
say, I assigned the caliphate to the trustworthy of Allah and His Prophet, Abu 'Ubaidah Ibn
Al Jarrah,"

He was of the Meccans who accepted islam early. He migrated to Abyssinia because of the
torture of Quraish people. and then to Madinah, where he was paired with Muhammad ibn
Maslamah. Moreover, he was present with Holy Prophet in Battle of Uhad as he protected
him and stayed close to him. He was the one who took metal pieces out of Holy Prophet
wounds on his face. After the battle, there was a raid against the enemies to take revenge
from the Quraish and he was part of it. In the Battle of Badr, he had to face his very own
father as an enemy and managed to kill him. On this, the Quran said, "You will not find
any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, loving those who resist Allah and His
Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons, or their brothers, or their
kindred."
He was one of the most trustworthy Muslims and the Prophet (PBUH) loved his honesty.
Holy Prophet once took his hand and said, "In every nation exists a man worthy of all the
trust and the trustworthy of this nation is Abu Ubaidah ibn Al-Jarrah,"
He led many expeditions, including the one to Dhu al-Qassa, al-Khabt and the one in which
he was directed to go to Syria. Holy Prophet always supported him. Once there was a
Christian group which visited Holy Prophet to resolve the fights among them, Abu
Ubaydah was sent by Holy Prophet along with them to resolve their issues. Holy Prophet
said to them, "I will send you a trustworthy man, a very trustworthy man. When the
companions heard this praise, every one of them prayed that the Prophet meant him with
this praise and sincere recommendation." In 627AD/6AH, Prophet sent companions to raid
on Banu Thalabah tribe of Dhu-Al Qassa. The first raid was unsuccessful and many of the
Muslims were ambushed and killed, so the Prophet (PBUH) sent a second group after them
consisting of 40 soldiers under the command of Abu Ubaydah. in 7AH Prophet sent an
expedition of 300 men under Abu Ubaidah to invade the tribe of Juhaina in Al-Khabt,

234
located near the seacoast, 5 nights journey from Madina. Fighting did not occur as they all
fled upon hearing the Muslims' arrival. Due to famine Muslims were struggling to survive.
They caught a large fish that came to shore which they ate for around 20 days, due to which
this expedition is known as Expedition of Fish. They took some back for the Prophet, who
ate it as well. He was also sent with the Christian tribe, Najran, to solve their problems. He
was also sent to Bahrain to collect jizya.
The Prophet (PBUH) called him Amin al Ummah, which meant Custodian of the Ummah.
He was made the leader of one of the groups in the Conquest of Makkah. He commanded
the Muslim armies against the Palestine and Syria. He stood by Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A for
his caliphate, though Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A believed that Abu Ubaydah would also be a
good candidate. He died in 18AH/639 AD in Syria. When Hazrat Umar R.A got the news
of his death, he grieved a lot and prayed to Allah to have mercy on him and said, "If I were
to make a wish, I would have wished a house full of men just like Abu Ubaidah."
FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY 10 BLESSED COMPANIONS

SAEED IBN ZAYD R.A

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. From Banu Adi clan of Quraish

2.He was the son of Zayd bin Amr follower of Deen-e-Ibrahimi and was a monotheist. He
was murdered in 605AD

3. He was Hazrat Umar R.A's cousin.

4. One of the early coverts along with his wife Fatima, sister of Hazrat Umar.
5. Umar R.A embraced Islam after he listened to
6. Hazrat Saeed ibn Zayd R.A and Fatima reading Surah Taha Upon entering the house and
inquiring what they were reading, Saeed RA denied any recitation so Hazrat Umar knocked
hum to the ground. Fatima RA came to defend him but got hit by Umar RA as well after
which he felt ashamed and asked them to show them what they were reading as he wanted
to read it as well.
7. He migrated to Madina in 622AD

8 .He was a part of all battles during life of the Prophet and defended Islam at every point.
9.He was sent to spy the enemy's army and their movement during the Battle of Badr along
with Talha, and they could not take part in the battle as it ended before they returned.

10. He was given the share of the collected booty in the battle.
11. He served as Prophet's secretary and was also one of the honorable Scribes of Quran.

235
12. He was a part of Treaty of Hudaibiya as well as Conquest of Makkah.
13. He proved to be an important part in the Muslim people because of his bravery.

14. He was the commander of Muslims army when they fought against Romans in the time
of Hazrat Umar R.A
15. He was a part of the Conquest of Damascus.

16. He acted as a governor of Damascus, but later left the position because of his love for
Jihad and fought to defend islam as an ordinary soldier.
17. He was made the Governor of Kufa

18. He died in 55AH during caliphate of Muawiya R.A and was laid down in Madinah.

NOTE:
Saeed on Zayd (RA) belonged to the clan of Banu Adi of Quraish. He was bom in a family
of as his father Zayd was the follower of Hazrat Ibrahim religion. He converted to the
religion of islam earlier in time. He was the cousin of Umar R.A and merried to his sister,
Fatima. Hazrat Umar R.A accepted Islam after listening to them reading Surah Taha Upon
entering the house and inquiring what they were reading, Saeed RA denied any recitation
so Hazrat Umar knocked to the ground. Fatima RA came to defend him but got hit by Umar
RA as well after which he ashamed and asked nem to show them what they were reading
as he wanted to read it as well. He migrated to Madinah in 622 AD.
He was part of all the battles which took place within the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH).
He was one of the most important members of the Muslim community and his opinion was
of utmost importance, mainly because of the amount of bravery he had within himself. He
was significant in many expeditions and battles. He was directed by Holy Prophet to check
on the Quraish caravan during the Battle of Badr, because of which he could not participate
along with Talha. However, he was given their share of the money. He was a part of Treaty
of Hudaibiya and conquest of Makkah also. He also fought against Romans in Hazrat Umar
R.A caliphate. He also played a vital part in conquest of Damascus and was made the
governer of Damascus. However, he later left the position because of Jihad. He defended
Islam many times and fought as soldier with his Muslim brothers. He was laid down in
Madinah in 55AH.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY SCRIBES

ABDULLAH BIN MASOOD

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. He was one of the very significant and close associate of Holy Prophet

236
2. Abdullah bin Masood was always fond of Holy Prophet and he always stood by him.
3. Before him, Abdullah Bin Maois mother and brother were also fond of him and were
supporters of him.
4. He was given the title of, 'Sahabi bin Sahabiya', because of his support for Holy Prophet
just like his mother and brother.

5. He gave up all the worldly affairs and businesses as soon as he accepted islam and treed
himself in order to be present for Holy Prophet
6. He and his mother were always so active in spreading the message of Allah and attending
to Holy Prophets that they often visited his house, as was reported by Abu Musa Ashari,
"My brother and visited the Prophet from Yemen. We observed Abdullah bin Masood and
his mother at the Prophet house frequently so that we were under the impres sion that they
too were members of his household." (Bukhari)
7. He had to face a lot of hardship in the hands of Quraish because of him embracing Islam
at a very early stage.
8.He was a very great reciter of Quran and a very keen learner because of his close
association with Holy Prophet that he had the honor of bein the first to recite Quran loudly
in Makkah.

9. Holy Prophet believed and openly said that people should learn Quran from Abdullah
bin Masood.

10. Holy Prophet stated, "If anyone likes to recite the Quran as fresh as it had descended
then he must recite it on the reading of Abdullah bin Masood." (Ahmad)
11. He was the one who was contacted frequently in order to interpret the Quran after Holy
Prophet death.
12. He participated in Battle of Badr as well as in Battle of Uhad.
13. He was the one who murdered Abu Jahl.

14. He travelled to Abyssinia two times and back to Madinah as well.

15. He is known to record about eight hundred hadith.
16. He was greatly respected by Hazrat Umar R.A, as he was plenty of times entrusted by
him with responsibilities.
17. Hazrat Umar R.A gave him the honor to take care of the public treasury and did sent
him to Kufa.

18. He was known as the teacher of Islamic religion.

237
19. Hazrat Umar R.A often reached to Abdullah bin Masood in order to have guidance
regarding Quran and Sunnah knowledge.

NOTE:
Abdullah Bin Masood was one of the very close associates of Holy Prophet He belonged
from a family which always stood by and supported Holy Prophet Abdullah bin Masood
gave up all his worldly commitments and business affairs and spend all his time in the way
of Allah. Before him, his mother and brother were also great allies of Islam and Holy
Prophet For this reason, he was given the name of "Sahabi bin Sahabiya'. He and his mother
were always present for Holy Prophet and aided him in every aspect to spread the religion
of Islam, that they frequently visited his house, as reported by Abu Musa Ashari, "My
brother and I visited the Prophet from Yemen. We observed Abdullah bin Masood and his
mother at the Prophet house frequently so that we were under the impression that they too
were members of his household." (Bukhari)
He was a very beautiful and great reader of Holy Quran, that Holy Prophet always
recommended that everyone should eam reading Quran from Abdullah Bin Masood, as he
said, "If anyone likes to recite the Quran as fresh as it had descended then he must recite it
on the reading of Abdullah bin Masood." (Ahmad). He had the privilege of reading Duran
openly in front of everyone in Makkah. He was thorough learner and always pours his heart
out while reading the Holy Quran. Abdullah bin Masood was always the name came in
everyone minds when they need to have any interpretation of Quran, after the death of Holy
Prophet. He is said to report about eight hundred hadiths.
He participated in a lot of battles and fought passionately to defend the religion of Islam.
He always stood firm against the enemies. He fought in the Battle of Badr and Battle of
Uhad. He was the one who murdered the enemy uncle of Holy Prophet who frequently
abused his nephew, Abu Jahl. He moved to Abyssinia twice and to Madinah as well.
He was greatly respected by a lot of people, including Hazrat Umar R.A Hazrat Umar R.A
always finds him trustworthy and loyal. He gave him the responsibility of public treasure
and sent him to Kufa for the same purpose of treasure. There were several events, where
Hazrat Umar R.A contacted Abdullah bin Masood in the matters of Quran and Sunnah and
seek his guidance.

ZAID BIN SABIT

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Zaid Bin Sabit was from the Khazraj tribe.
2. He was eleven years old, when he embraced Islam before Holy Prophet travelled to
Madinah.

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3. He was a chief scribe of the Holy Prophet
4. He was not allowed by Holy Prophets to take part and fight for islam in Battle of Badr,
since he was thirteen years old.
5. He participated and fought furiously in Battle of Trench and Tabuk Expedition.
6.Zaid bin Sabit was a very brilliant and bright individual who had a lot of information and
he was a fast learner who could speak various languages.
7. Holy Prophet selected him to learn Hebrew so that he can interact with the Jews, because
of his fast learning quality.

8. He was considered among the most intelligent teachers and scholars and learnt Quran
while Holy Prophet was alive.
9. Holy Prophet was supportive of him and always fond of his knowledge, that he asked
him to write down all the revel tions Holy Prophet received.
10. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A respected Zaid Bin Sabit a lot and he was also fond of his
knowledge quality.

11. Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A asked Zaid bin Sabit to compile the Quran after a lot of people
who remembered Quran by heat died in Battle of Yamama.
12. He was the first one to have the honor of compiling the Quran.

13. Zaid Bin Sabit regarded Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A as well.
14. He was the first Ansar to accept Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A as the caliph.

15. He supported Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A a lot as he participated in Battle of Yamama, and
also fought with Musalma.
16. Zaid bin Sabit was respected by Hazrat Umar R.A as well as Hazrat Usman R.A

17. Hazrat Urnar R.A in his lime, designated Zaid Bin Sabit as the Qazi of Madinah and
also his deputy whenever leaves the city to perform Umrah or Hajj.
18 Hazrat Usman R.A appointed him to control the public treasury.

19 He was also given the responsibility of cieveloping copies of Quran.

20. He also has knowledge of inheritance and property distribution as said by Holy
Prophet(SAW)

NOTE:
Zaid bin Sabit was eleven years old when he embraced Islam. He accepted Holy Prophet
as the messenger of Allah before he travelied to Madinah. He was from the Khazraj Tribe.

239
He was so young at the time of Battle of Sadr, that Holy Prophet did not allowed him to
take part. He was thirteen years old at the Battle of Badr. However, he took part and
defended in the Battle of Trench and Tabuk expedition.
Zaid bin Sabit was a keen and last learner. He was full of knowledge and Holy Prophet was
so fond of his knowing regarding Islam. He had a skill of knowing various languages since
his fast learning skili. This is the reason Holy Prophet made him learn the Hebrew language
so he can communicate with the Jews and convey the message to Muslims. He acted as a
translator between Muslims and Jews.

Holy Prophet always supported Zaid bin Sabit that he made him his chief scribe. He made
him to write down the reves tions received. He used to tell him, and then Zaid Bin Sabit
write it down to secure it. He was always counted as the most intelligent and scholar
individual who learnt Quran by heart during the lifetime of Holy Prophet Zaid bin Sabit
was asked by Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A to compile the Quran from all the sources and make it
an official copy. So, he had the honour of compiling the Quran after a lot of people who
learnt Quran by heart were martyred in the Battle of Yamama.
Zaid bin Sabit also had a very close relation with the caliphs. He was the first Ansar to
accept Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A as the caliph. He participated in the Battle of Yamama during
Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A time and fought against Musaine with 53 much courage. Moreover,
also in the time of Hazrat Umar R.A he was the deputy to deal with the issues when Hazrat
Umar R.A was away on Hajj or Umrah. He was also made the Qazi of Madinah. Further,
Hazrat Usman R.A gave him the authority to control the public treasure. He was also given
the task of making the copies of Quran from the original one Also, he is known to have
extensive information regarding the property and Inheritance aspects, and he aided people
in such matters.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.He belonged to the Khazraj tribe.
2.He was one of the chief scribes during Holy Prophets time.

3 He was highly respected by Muslims in early times and his opinion was of utmost
importance.
4.He swore obedience to Holy Prophet on the location of Aqabah

5. He was the first one to embrace Islam from the town of Yathrib.
6Holy Prophet gave him the honor of writing letters for him and also revelations
7.As reported that the last in the Quran is written down by Ubbay bin Ka'ab in 10 AH.

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8.He remembered Quran by heart that he had his own copy.
9. His reading of the Quran was so beautiful and great that Holy Prophet referred everyone
to learn Quran from him.
10. Ubby bin Ka'ab was always busy in praying that he was always found in the mosque.
11 Ubbay bin Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A used to take guidance from a consulting body in which
Ubbay bin Ka'ab was a member.
12. He died in Hazrat Usman R.A's khilafat in 29 AH.

NOTE:
Ubay bin Ka'ab was an individual who was a great and beautiful reciter of Quran. He was
from the tribe of Khazra). He stod by Holy Prophet always and accepted him as the
messenger and promised his obedience on the location of Aqabah: He was also the chief
scribe of Holy Prophet and he was given the honour of writing revelation. It was said hat
he was the one who wrote down the last verse of Holy Quran in 10 AH. Moreover, he was
also asked by Holy Prophet to write letters to invite people to Islam.

He was the first Individual from the city of Yathrib to accept Islam. He was one of the most
important individual in Muslima and people used to seek his guidance in various matters.
He was one of the member of consulting body which provide puidance to the Muslims. He
was one of them who learnt Ouran by heart. He was the name recommended by Holy
Prophet to learn Quran. He used to spend most of his time in praying, as he was mostly
found in the mosque. He died in 29 AH, during the period of Hazrat Usman R.A khilafat.

KHALID BIN WALEED

HIGHLIGHTS:

MEAN
1.nitially he was the enemy of Islam and belonged family which opposes Holy Prophet and
Islam.

2. He was not in Battle of Badr but participated in Battle of had and fought against Muslims
fiercely and defeated them.
3. After the treaty of Hudaibiya, he entered in the religion of Islam.

4. in 629, he encountered Amr ibn al-As and Usman ibn Talha while his way to Madinah.
5.Am Ibn al-As and Usman ibn Talha were travelling to Madinah in order to embrace
Islam.

6. He took part in the Battle of Mu'tah against Romans.

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7.in Battle of Mu'tah he was given the command of Muslims army after the fall of three
great leaders, that are Zaid bin Harith, Ja'far ibn Abi Talab and Abdullah ibn Rawat. 8.He
leads the Muslims with so much passion and with clever strategizing that he was the only
reason for Muslims to return with few losses of life.
9 He fought so fiercely in the battle that he broke nine swords fighting the Roman army.
10. For his courageous fighting in the Battle of Mu'tah, he was given the title of Saif Allah,
which means sword of Allah .
11. He participated in the conquest of Makkah, Battle of Hunain and Battle of Tabuk.

12. Holy Prophet divided his army in four groups in conquest of Makkah, and Khalid Bin
Waleed was made the leader of one of the group.
13. He had the honor of being present in Holy Prophet farewell pilgrimage and in order to
win the battles, he took three Hairs of Holy Prophet
14. Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A and Hazrat Umar placed a lot of trust on Khalid Bin Waleed after
Holy Prophet death and they both respected him.
. 15. Hazrat Abu Bakr R. A made him the commander of Muslims army to fight the
enemies, and said at the moment that he
heard Holy Prophet saying these words about Khalid Bin Waleed, "He is the best slave of
Allah, a sword of Allah that has unsheathed for the disbelievers, the hypocrites and the
polytheists." (Ahmad)

16. He was also sent by Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A and Hazrat Umar R.A as a leader of many
Muslim armies, in order to fight the Romans and Persians and other enemies.
17. He died in Syria in 642. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY SCRIBES
NOTE:
Khalid Bin Waleed was the fiercest and passionate person. In initial times, he was always
against the Muslims and fought against Islam. Along with him, his familly was also
extremely against Islam, he did not participate in Battle of Badr but was involved in Battle
of Uhad. He played a very significant role in Battle of Uhad against Muslims. He fought
with extreme anger and defeated the Muslims.

He embraced Islam after the treaty of Hudaibiya. In 629 AD, he moved to Madinah and on
his way, he found Amr ibn al-As and Usman ibn Talha, who were moving to Madinah to
enter islam. Khalid bin Waleed then fought in the Battle of Mutah from the side of Muslims.
Battle of Mu'tah was against the Roman empire. He fought with extreme courage and imple
mented his strategizing skills to reduce the loss of Muslims lives. He was so passionate that
it was reported that he broke nine swords while fighting. He was handed over the leadership

242
of Muslim army on the unanimous decision of Muslins, after they lost their three designated
leadors in the fight. He took the leadership after the death of Zaid bin Haritha, Ja'far bin
Abi Talib and Abdullah bin Rawat For his urave fighting, he was given the name of 'sword
of Allah' by Holy Prophet
He was a part of a lot of battles and expeditions during Holy Prophet. In the conquest of
Makkah, Holy Prophet divided the army into four groups, and Khalid bin Waleed leaded
one of them. He also played a significant role in Battle of Hunain and Battle of Tabuk. He
had the honour of taking three hair of Holy Prophet and won the battles because of it as he
believed. He was along with Holy Prophet during his farewell pilgrimage
He was greatly respected by all the other Muslims as well, including Hazrat Abu Bakar
R.A and Hazrat Umar R.A He was made responsible for the public treasury. He was sent
by the caliphs to fight many battles against the Romans and Persians. Khalid bin believed
was greatly honored by the caliphs as they have seen Holy Prophet praising him, as Hazrat
Abu Bakar R.A once reported that he heard Holy Prophet saying, "He is the best slave of
Allah, a sword of Allah that has unsheathed for the disbelievers, the hypocrites and the
polytheists." (Ahmad). He died in Syria in 642 AD.

A. WRITE BRIEFLY ABOUT THE TASKS CARRIED OUT BY THE SCRIBES OF

THE REVELATION AT THE TIME OF THE PROPHET. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Scribes were very close to the Prophet
2. The Quran was written entirely during Prophets life but was in parts
3.They kept record of revelations and wrote letters and treaties as per Prophets command.
4. Prominent among the scribes were Abubakar, Umar, Usman, All. Zaid bin Thabit,
Abdullah bin Masood, Ubayy bin Ka'ab
5. Hazrat Ali was Hafiz-e-Quran who accompanied the Prophet since his childhood 6. He
also wrote the treaty of Hudaibiya
7. Various scribes had different roles and wrote verses on number of materials including
bones of camel, animal skin, tables, palm leaves and pieces of wood etc.

8. Some scribes kept their own personal copies of the revelation e.g. Abdullan Bir. Amr
bin A: Aas
9. The personal copies kept by some of the companions were used to verify the one final
copy made.
10. Companions keeping a private record of the revelation had read it out to the Prophet
during his lifetime.

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11. Prophet had instructed the scribes about the sequence of the Quranic verse and how
they were to be placed in Surah

12. Therefore, a systematic order of the verses and surahs was already known.
13. Zaid bin Thabit reported, "We used to record the Quran from parchments in the
presence of messenger of Allah".

14. Scribes were present to write down the revelations revealed during 610 to 632 AD.
Quran says, "Written by the hands of the scribes honorable, plous and just." (80:15-16)
15. Zaid Bin Thabit said, "I used to write down the revelation for the Holy Prophet, may
the peace and blessings be upon him. When the revelation came to him, he felt intense heat
and drops of perspiration used to roll down his body like pearls. When his state was over,
I used to fetch a shoulder bone or a piece of something else. He used to go on dic tating
and used to write it down. When finished writing, the sheer weight of transcription gave
me the feeling that my leg would break, and would not be able to walk anymore. When
finished writing, he would say, "Read!", and would read it back to him. If there was an
omission or error, he used to correct it and then let it be brought before the people."
16. Companions who couldn't write the verses, memorized them instead.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY SCRIBE

ANSWER:
The scribes of the revelation were in close association to the Holy Prophet and he was
always fond of their knowledge wadon There were numerous scribes Including, Hazrat
Abu Bakar R.A, Hazrat Umar RA, Hazrat Usman RA, Hart All RA, Zaid bin Sabit,
Abdullah bin Masood and Ubbay bin Ka'ab
Hazrat All R.A was witnessing Holy Prophet actions from his childhood and he had
remembered the Quran by heart e ao had the honour of writing the terms for the treaty of
Hudaibiya on the guidance of Holy Prophet. During the ifetime of Holy Prophete, all the
verses from the revelations were written down, however they were not compiled one book
All the scribes saved the revelations on various materials, such as animal skins, bones of
camels, stone tables, pa eves and pieces of wood.

All the scribes performed different roles in their times. Some scribes write the verses trom
the revelation to the Holy Prophet and also, they write letters for Holy Prophet to invite
people to Islam. For instance, Ubbay bin Ka'ab was The one who used to write letters on
the command of the messenger of Allah. It also believed that he was the one who wrote the
last verse of the Holy Quran in 10AH. Moreover, there were also some scribes who
maintained their own coples of the Holy Prophet permission, such as Abdullah ibn 'Amr
ibn al-As. He asked Holy Prophet, "May I write down everything hear from you in the ran

244
was complied in a book toer?" Holy Prophet ge replied, "Yes, for I speak nothing but the
truth." Later, when the Quran was compiled in a book form during the time of Hazrat Abu
Bakar R.A, the personal applies of the revelations maintained by the scribes were used to
verify the text in order to avoid any discrepancy. Moreover, the copies were also read out
to the Holy Prophet because of its purity.

Moreover, Holy Prophet was the one who set the order of the verses in a particular Surah
in order to maintain its meaning as it is as revealed by the supreme power, Allah. He
maintained the order till the end of the revelations. For this, Zaid bin Sabit said, "We used
to record the Quran from parchments in the presence of the Messenger of God." Between
the time period of 610AD to 632 AD, Holy Prophet always had a scribe at his disposal,
whenever there is a need to write down a revelation. The Quran mentioned it, "(written) by
the hands of the scribes honourable, pious and just" (80:15-16).
Once Zaid bin Sabit said, "I used to write down the revelation for the Holy Prophet, may
the peace and blessings be upon him. When the revelation came to him, he felt intense heat
and drops of perspiration used to roll down his body like pearls. When his state was over,
I used to fetch a shoulder bone or a piece of something else. He used to go on dic tating
and I used to write it down. When I finished writing, the sheer weight of transcription gave
me the feeling that my leg would break, and I would not be able to walk anymore. When I
finished writing, he would say, "Read!", and I would read it back to him. If there was an
omission or error, he used to correct it and then let it be brought before the people."
Lastly, there were also some companions who did not have the revelations in written form,
but they remembered them by heart and used it for the verification of the Quran while
compiling it in one book.

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PRINCIPLES EMPLOYED BY THE

COMPILERS OF THE QURAN AT THE TIME OF THE CALIPHS. [4]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Collected verses of the Quran from Huffaz. This ensured authenticity
2. Dialect of Quraish was followed so that globally one dialect is followed

3.Order rearranged according to how the prophet instructed the order to be.
4Burnt copies of altered versions during Hazrat Usman's Caliphate to prevent any chance
of alteration or wrong recitation.

5. Recited the final version of the Quran in Masjid e Nabwi in the presence of public so
that any alteration could easily be dentified and there was no confusion.

ANSWER:

245
The need to compile the Quran in the book form rose immediately after the death of Hazrat
Muhammad (S.A), and in order to maintain the originality, several principles were to make
sure that the actual message is conveyed to the Muslims. Zaid Bin Thabit was responsible
to collect the material from all the companions, and he confirmed at the material with those
who have memorized the Quran by heart. This was extremely important as it ensured that
the complied form was authentic. The scribes followed the dialect of the Quraish. This
ensured that one version and one dialect was followed globally, hence eliminating the
possibility of confusion or disagreement. Moreover, Holy Prophet dialect was The Quraish
dialect and the Quran was compiled in the same one, in order to avoid any fabrication,
since other dialects can be forged. The order of revelations were rearranged in the complied
version, as this is how the Prophet ordered the scribes.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY

SCRIBES
to arrange the Quran, and the Prophet himself was guided by Angel Jibreel During the
Caliphate of Hazrat Usman, a com panion ctiserved a difference in the dialect in all
provinces and parts of Arabia. The scribes made copies of the origina version and burnt all
other copies. This was very essential as this prevented any chances of alteration or wrong
recitation of the Quran. Lastly, the scribes recited the final version of the Quran in Masjid
e Nabwi in the presence of the public s that any alteration could easily be identified and
there was no confusion in the general public in regards to the order and scripture of the
Quran.

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES

HAZRAT AMINAH (MOTHER OF PROPHET

HIGHLIGHTS:
1Aminah was the one who gave birth to Holy Prophet
2.She was the daughter of Wahb ibn 'Abd Munaf ibn Zuhrah.
3. She was married to and with whom she had Holy Prophet was Abdullah ibn Abdul
Muttalib. 4. She married Abdullah one year before the year of elephant.

5 While she was carrying Holy Prophet in her womb and was about to give birth, she had
a dream.
6 in the dream she saw that she gave birth to a boy and at the birth of the boy, appeared a
light which extended to Basra In Al_ sham.
7.She said these words in her dream in which she was praying, "I seek for him, refuge in
Allah the One from the evil of every envier,"

246
8.After the birth, the boy was named, Ahmed, which means one who renders praise (to
God).

9.Shortly after his birth, he was handed over to Halima Saadia to be cared for.
10. Halima Saadia came to return him when he was two years old but asked Aminah to
keep him for some more time.

11. Aminah agreed to her request.

12. Aminah decided to pay a visit to her husband not to go but she did it when Holy Prophet
ge was six years old.

13. Abu Muttalib and Barakah tried to convince her not to go but she did not stop and went
to Yathrib after the travel of 10 days.
14. Holy Prophet stayed in Yathrib, Madinah with his maternal uncles of Banu Najjar while
she visited grave.
15. She used to stay on the grave few days of the week.
16. She died while she was returning from Yathrib to Makkah, as she fell ill.

17. She was laid down in a place called, Al-Abwa.

18. Holy Prophet went to visit Aminah's grave when he was visiting Makkah for his
farewell Pilgrimage.

NOTE:
Aminah was the mother of Holy Prophet, who was married to Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib
one your belous the y of elephant. She was the daughter of Wahb ibn Abd Munat ibn
Zuhrah. The time she was expecting holy Prophet night she had a dream in which she saw
that a boy was born, and on his birth, there appears a bright light which was spreading till
Basra in Al-sham, Now, she prayed in her dream and said, "I seek for him, refuge in Allah
the One from the vil of every envier." After some time, she gave birth to the boy and named
him Ahmed, which means one who renders praise (to God) .

After his birth, according to a tradition, Holy Prophet was given to Halima Sadia for
nursing, who took care of him for two years. After two years when Holy prophet came
back to Aminah she was asked by Halima to keep him for some time more, and Aminah
agreed to the request.
Moreover, after some time Aminah decided to visit her husband, Abdullah grave in
Yathrib, Madinah when Holy Prophet was six years old. Abu Muttalib and Barakah tried
to convince her, not to go but she went with her plan and starting travelling. It took ten
days for her to reach the city. She visited and stayed on the grave for few days in the week,

247
and Holy Prophet stayed with his maternal uncles of Banu Najjar, in Madinah. Aminah
died while on the way back to Madinah from her journey on Al-Abwa.

During the farewell pilgrimage, Holy Prophet visited his mother's grave and cried there
extremely.

HALIMA SAADIA

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. She was the woman who cared for Holy Prophet in his childhood.
2.There was a custom in Madinah that newborn children will be nursed by Bedouin woman
in desert.
3. When Halima arrived, only Holy Prophet was left and she took him. .
4Halima along with other women came to Madinah to take any child.
5. She led a very poor life and entered the city along with her husbandAl-Harith on a
donkey and an old camel.
6. Holy Prophet father died becaushis mother was not able to pay the women, so no other
nurse took him.
7 asshe took him,this proved to be a turning point in her life .
8.she was showered with so many good things and good time cames in her life . FIRST
ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
9. Her camel and her goats started giving a lot of milk

10. Since he proved to bring good luck for her, she convinced his mother Aminah to keep
him for some more time since there was a disease in Makkah.
11. An incident scared Halima really which happened after two months.

12. The incident was when two angels appeared while he was playing with his foster
brother
13. The angels laid him down on the ground, opened his chest, took his heart out and took
a clot from within.
14. The angels cleaned the heart and his chest until it purified and then placed it back in
his body.

15. Holy Prophet woke up with his face with pale yellow color.
16. His foster brother thought that he was murdered, and he told Halima the same, when
she got terrified.

248
17. She checked him and took him back home.
18. Soon after that, he went back to his mother, Aminah.

19. Later, he married Hazrat Khadija R.A when Halima came to seek help and he asked
Hazrat Khadija R.A to give her 40 sheep.
20. She, along with her husband, came to accept the religion of Islam when Holy Prophet
received his revelation.
21. Holy Prophet respected her a lot that he gave her his robe to sit down when she came
to meet him on the Hunain day.

22. She was laid down in Jannat-ul-Baqi in Madinah in 8AH.

NOTE:
There was a tradition in Madinah that any child born will be nursed by a Bedouin women
in desert. Halima was the wa woman of Holy Prophet. She was living a very poor life. In
to fulfil this tradition, she travelled to Madinah song with her husband Al-Harith on a
donkey and one old camel. A lot of other Bedouin women were also travelling to this
tradition. She reached late than other women, so there was only one child left. That child
father was dead so no one ca pay the money for his nursing. Hatima had no choice, so she
picked the child, and that child was Holy Prophet

As she took the child, her entire situation changed. Her camel which hardly gave any milk,
started giving a lot of talk H goats were also overflowing with the milk. Hor bad times
were changed into good Holy Prophet proved to be blessing for her and her family. After
two years when she went to return him to Aminah, there was a disease previngn Makkah.
She requested Aminah to keep him for some time more and she agreed.
Moreover, there was an incident which scared Halima greatly. Once Holy Prophet was
playing with his foster brother, when two angels appeared and laid Holy Prophet down on
the ground. They opened his chest and took his heart out Then, they sit opened his heart
and removed a clot and then washed both his chest and heart until it cleanses completely
They placed the heart back and left. Holy Prophet got up with a pale face. His brother
thought that he died so he rushed to Halima. Halima ran to Holy Prophet and after checking
him she took him inside. After that, he in some time, went to Aminah.
Later, when Holy Prophet was married to Hazrat Khadija R.A, Halima came to ask for help
and Holy Prophet asked Hazrat Khadija R.A to give her 40 sheep. When Holy Prophet
became the messenger of Allah, and received revelations, she came with her husband to
enter the religion of Islam. Holy Prophet regarded her all his life, that he gave her his robe
to sit, out of respect, when she visited him on the day of Hunain. She was buried in Jannat-
ul-Baqi in Madinah in 8AH.ABU TALIB

249
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Holy Prophet lost his parents and his grandfather at a very early age when he was about
eight years old.
2. Holy Prophet was raised by his paternal uncle, Abu Talib.
3. Abu Talib belonged to the tribe, Banu Hashim.

4. Abu Talib used to be always present for Holy Prophet so that he did not feel alone and
always consider him his ow son.
5. He always guarded Holy Prophet from the enemies.

6. Out of all the relatives, Abu Talib was the one who stood by Holy Prophet when he
started spreading the message of Allah
7. Abu Talib always supported him because in his opinion Holy Prophet was not distressing
anyone.
8. Abu Talib said to Holy Prophet. "Go ahead with what you have been bidden and I pledge
to continue to give you my support and protection."

9. The people of Makkah initially stayed quiet on Holy Prophet teaching, because of Abu
Talib. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
10. Abu Talib was standing as a shield in between Holy Prophet and the people of Quraish

11. After some time, when Holy Prophet condemned the idols of non-Muslims, the
unbelievers stanes making nose against him but were not able to do anything because of
Abu Talib as he was standing by him.
12. However, after some time a group of people went to Abu Talib and asked him to stop
protecting Holy Prophet and hand him to them.

13 Abu Talib invited Holy Prophet and explained him clearly the whole situation.
14. Abu Talib said, "Save me as well as you unclean they place use me to carry a burden I
cannot bear."

15. Holy Prophet replied to him, "O my uncle if they place the sun on my right hand and
the moon on my left to renounce my work, I would not stop until Allah fulfills it for me or
destroys me in the process."

16. Abu Talib on listening Holy Prophet answer got emotional, and said, "you may go and
do whatever you like, I will never withdraw my protection from you and will never let you
down."

250
17. Abu Talib tried to convince his tribe, Banu Hashim people to stand by him and protect
Holy Prophet

18. On the other hand, Quraish were forcing Abu Talib to let his protection away from
Holy Prophet, which he refusem
19. After his refusal, Quraish banned the tribe Banu Hashim, which was for about three
years, but he continued safeguarding Holy Prophet.
20. Abu Talib died after ten years of Holy Prophet prophethood, immediately after the ban
has ended.

21. His death greatly grieved Holy Prophet and he named the year of his death as a 'Year
of Grief.
22. After his death, Quraish staring abusing and tormenting Holy Prophet.

NOTE:
Holy Prophet was so young when he lost both his parents and grandfather at the age of
eight and so he was ra by Abu Talib, his paternal uncle. He supported Holy Prophet at
every stage of preaching the religion of stam and never stopped protecting him. He was
always there for him like his own son and fought for Holy Prophet with the people of
Quraish. He belonged to the tribe of Banu Hashim. Abu Talib was always of the belief that
Holy Prophet was not hurting yone. He was the first relative who came out in support of
his nephew. Abu Talib said to Holy Prophet "Go ahead with what you have been bidden
and I pledge to continue to give you my support and protection."
As soon as Holy Prophet started spreading the message of Islam, the people of Quraish
stood against him but never did anything because of the fear of Abu Talib. They stayed
quiet initially. Later, Holy Prophet started saying things about the Meccans idol which was
not liked by the Quraish and they believed that it cannot be avoided but were not able to
do anything again. However, later a group of Quraish people went to Abu Talib and
explained him their concerns and told him to stop protecting Holy Prophet and hand him
over to them
After this, Abu Talib invited Holy Prophet and told him, "Save me as well as yourself and
do not cause me to carry a burden I cannot bear." Listening to this, Holy Prophet replied to
him, "O my uncle if they place the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left to
renounce my work, I would not stop until Allah fulfils it for me or destroys me in the
process. Then, Abu Talib on listening Holy Prophet answer got emotional, and said, "you
may go and do whatever you like, I will never withdraw my protection from you and will
never let you down."

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On the other side, Quraish were continuously forcing Abu Talib to hand Holy Prophet to
them. Abu Talib seeked helped from his people, the people of Banu Hashim tribe to stand
by him in protecting Holy Prophet and they agreed to it. Oc his Quraish boycotted the tribe
which lasted for three years.
Talib died soon after the ban was lifted, in the 10th year of Prophet hood. Holy Prophet
was deeply in sorrow ing Abu Talib that he named the year of his death, 'Year of grief'. He
was greatly affected by his death.

HAZRAT HAMZA R.A

HIGHLIGHTS:
1 Hazret Hamza R.A was famous for his fierce nature and his love for wrestling, archery,
hunting and swordsmanship

2 He was always so busy in these activities that he never showed his interest in the religion
and never noticed the spreading of religion.
3 He has numerous relations with Holy Prophet, as he was his maternal aunt son, his uncle
and his foster brother.
4 He was two years older than Holy Prophet
5.he never talked about Islam, until the day when Holy Prophet was abused by Abu Jahl.

6 in the 6th year of Prophet hood, he was told about some people when he returned from
hunting, that how badly AbuJahl treated his cousin Holy Prophet

7. This infuriated Hazrat Hamza R.A and he immediately went to avenge Holy Prophet
8. At the time Abu Jahl was sitting in Kaabah with his people. FIRST ISLAMIC
COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES

9. Hazrat Hamza R.A attacked him, hit him hardly.

10. After this event, Hazrat Hamza R.A entered into the religion of Islam.
11. He left all his hobbies and placed all his focus in the spreading and protection of Islam.

12. His acceptance of Islam proved to be a turning point for Holy Prophet preaching of
Islam.
13. He used to preach behind closed doors but after Hazrat Hamza acceptance, he came
out in open.
14. In the 13th year of Prophet hood, Hazrat Hamza R.A moved to Madinah.

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15. He was given so much respect by Holy Prophet that he asked him to lead the group to
check on the hypocrites of Makkah in the second year of Hijrat.

16. He participated in a lot of battles and expeditions with Holy Prophet

17. He fought fiercely in Battle of Badr, and killed many hypocrites including Utba.
18. He died in Battle of Uhad, by Wahshi, who was the slave of Hinda, Abu Sufyan's wife

19. Wahshi attacked Hazrat Hamza R.A from behind the rock and killed him.
20. Hinda, made a necklace by cutting his nose and ears.
21. Hinda took out his liver and tried to chew it in order to avenge his father who was killed
by him in Battle of Badr.
22. His funeral prayers were done by Holy Prophet along with all the martyrs in the Battle
of Uhad.
23. Hazrat Hamza R.A was given the title of Chief of the Martyrs.

NOTE:
Hazrat Hamza R.A was a person who was fond of wrestling, swordsmanship, archery and
hunting and he was thways buy in these activities that he never realized about the noise
created by Holy Prophet for the spreading of Islam and Holy Prophet had several
relationships. Hazrat Hamza RA was Holy Prophet maternal aunt son, his uncle and t foster
brother. He was two years older than Holy Prophet
Hazrat Hamza RA never showed interest in the religion until an event occurred. In the 6th
year of Prophet hood, once Ho Prophet was spreading the message of Allah to the people
in Kaaba whien Abu Jahl, his uncle humiliated him greatly Hazrat Hamza R.A was given
this information when he returned from hunting, and he got extremely angry. He immediate
stormed in the Kaaba where Abu Jahl was sitting with his people and Hazrat Hamza took
him by full force and hit him hard on his head. After this incident, Hazrat Hamza R.A
embraced Islam.

After accepting Islam, Hazrat Hamza R.A spend all his life in the name of Islam and left
all his hobbies. It was a turning point for the religion, as before that Holy Prophet used to
preach quietly, but after he came out in open and started inviting people to the religion in
front of everyone. He travelled to Madinah in 13th year of Prophet hood. Holy Prophet
always regarded him so much and placed his trust over him, that he asked him to command
a group of Muslims to check on the Makkah hypocrite's group in the second year of Hijrat.

He was always present to fight for Islam, as he participated in a lot of battles and
expeditions and fought furiously in Battle of Badr, he murdered hypocrites Including Utba.
He also fought in Battle of Uhad and was martyred in this battle. Abu Sufyan's wife, Hinda

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slave, Wahshi, was hiding behind the rock and he attacked Hazrat Hamza from behind and
killed him. Hinda cut his liver out from his body and chewed it. She made a necklace of
his ears and nose.
His funeral prayers were performed with all the other martyrs of the battle by Holy Prophet
and it grieved Holy Prophet Sgreatly. "Chief of the Martyrs' was the title given to him.

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Hazrat Bilal R.A was a slave of Umayyah bin Khalaf, belonged to Abyssinia.
2. He was one the very few early converts.

3. He faced a lot of hardships in the lace of his leader, when he accepted the message of
Allah.
4. Umayyah bin Khalaf used to torment him brutally in order to convince him to reject and
leave Islam.
5. Hazrat Bilal R.A was forced to lay down on the heating sand and a large stone was placed
over his chest.

6. Hazrat Bilal bear all of this and always chanted, "Ahad Ahad!".
7. He was freed by Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A, who was walking by while he was being abused.
8. For this event of getting him free, Hazrat Umar R.A stated, "Abu Bakr is our leader and
he set our leader free meaning Bilal." (Bukhari)
9. He was the owner of high-pitched voice, because of which Holy Prophet asked him to
given first Adan, when they came to Madinah. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
10.He was given the title of Mudhin of Prophet. 11.He also gave Adan from Kaabah after
Makkah's conquest
12.He participated in a lot of battles alongside Holy Prophet
13.He took the life of his previous owner in the Battle of Badr.

14.He was a generous and God-fearing person.

15 After the death of Holy Prophet( SAW) Hazrat Umar R.A was the first one to ask him
to give Adan when the treaty was signed with the Jews.

16 He lived in Syria before moving to Madinah and married to a girl there.

17. Hazrat Bilal R.A went to the city of Madinah after Holy Prophet called him in his sleep.

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18. When Holy Prophet came in his sleep, he got emotional and Imam Hassan alleviated
his morale

19. At that moment, he was asked by Imam Hassan R.A to give Adan, which made
everyone emotional while remember
20.He was sixty old when he died and was laid down in Damascus.

NOTE:
Hayat Bilal RA was an Abyssinian slave, was brutally humiliated by his master Umerysh
bin Khal accepted the message of Allah. He was one of the very early people who believed
in Holy Prophet and actahed He was forced to lay down on the boiling hot sand and a large
stone was placed over his chest in order that the rejec sam. However, he always chanted,
"Ahad Ahad!". Once he was being tormented by his owner, and at that Abu Bakr R.A
passed from there. He paid for Bilal R.A and freed him. For this incident, Hazrat Umar RA
said, " Abu Bakr is our leader and he set our leader meaning Bilal." (Bukhari).
Hazrat Bilal R.A has the honour of being called the Muazzin of Prophet . because he gave
the first Adan on the orders of Holy Prophet in Madinah. He also gave the Adan from the
root of Kaabah after the conquest of Makkah
He fought a lot of battles alongside Holy Prophet to defend Islam. He killed his previous
owner in the Battle of Badr was a humble and generous individual who always feared God.
After Holy Prophet he went to Syria and married There Hazrat Umar R.A was the one who
asked him to give Adan when there was a treaty with the Jews after the Holy Prophet death.
In Syria, he saw Holy Prophet in his dream taking his name and asking for him to come,
this made him sentimental and was eased by Imam Hassan R.A Imam Hassan R.A asked
him to give Adan which made everyone apset thinking about Holy Prophet. He died when
he was sixty years old and was buried in Damascus.

ABU SUFYAN

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Abu Sufyan was extremely in opposition of Holy Prophet and in the list of his worst
enemies

2.He was born in 560 AD.

3. Hind Bin Utba was his wife.
4. His son, Muawiya was the first Umayyad caliph

5. His daughter, Ramlah, was one of the wives

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of Holy Prophet Abu Sufyan was respected by the people of Quraish and he had a lot of
influence over their opinion

7. He was the leader of the Banu Abd-Shams tribe.

8. He was the reason which led to the Battle of Badr, as he asked the people of Quraish to
guard him while he retum from

Syria with his people in 624 AD.

9. He was announced as the leader of Quraish after the Battle of Badr.
10. He was the leader of the hypocrites and guided them in Battle of Uhad in 625AD and
Battle of Trench in 627 AD.
11. Holy Prophet sent letters to a lot of leaders to invite them to the religion of Islam.
12. Heraclius, the Roman king was one of them and he invited Abu Sufyan who was nearby
in Jerusalem for trade to tell him something about Holy Prophet character.
13. Abu Sufyan said good things about him even after being his biggest rival and
guaranteed on his honest nature .

14. Abu Sufyan was the one who was sent to renegotiate the terms of the treaty after it got
ended by the Quraish in BAH and later they realized so he was sent. However, he was not
able to get the treaty back

15. He was captured by the Muslims during the conquest of Makkah after he was caught
while trying to get information regarding Muslims plans for the conquest.

16. Abbas R.A mediate with the Muslims and got him freed.
17. Later, Abu Sufyan realized that the gods in Makkah are not honest and they are not to
be worshipped

18. Holy Prophet gave him the message of Allah and offered him to accept Islam, which
he agreed. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
19. During the conquest of Makkah, when Muslims were entering Makkah, Abu Sufyan
was given respect by Hole Pimpert as he said that everyone will be safe who stays in the
house of Abu Sufyan. name of islam in the Battle of Hunain and Battle of Yarmuk
20. Abu Sufyan participated and fought in the 21. He lost his one eye in Battle of Hunain
and other eye in Battle of Yarmuk.
22. He died in 650 AD, at the age of ninety, in Madinah.

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NOTE:
Abu Sufyan was one of the most influential leader of Quraish, who became the chief of
Quraish officially after the Battle of Badr. He was born in 560 AD, and always caused
hardships in the way of Holy Prophet. He was married to Hind bin Utba, and had two
children, Muawiya and Ramlah. Muawiya was the one who originated the Umayyad
caliphate and Ramlah was in the marriage of Holy Prophet He was the chief of Banu Abd-
Shams tribe and participated in all the battles against the Muslims, including Battle of Badr,
Battle of Uhad and Battle of Trench.

Abu Sufyan was the one responsible for Battle of Badr, as he was the one who asked the
people of Quraish to take him salely back in the city when he returned from Syria with his
people and this erupted the battle. Moreover, he then after becoming the chief of Quraish,
led them in the Battle of Uhad in 625 AD and 627 AD.
After the treaty of Hudaibiya was signed between Muslims and Jews, it got ended because
of Jews mistake. However, they sent Abu Sufyan to get to get it back on the table. He was
unable to convince the Muslims. He was the worst enemy of Islam and Holy Prophet,
however he still believed in Holy Prophet honest nature. It was clear when he was asked
by the Roman empire king, Heraclius. Heraclius received a letter to enter the religion of
Islam from Holy Prophet and at that time Abu Sufyan was in Jerusalem for trade. So,
Roman king invited Abu Sufyan and inquired about Holy Prophet and Abu Sufyan told
him about his truthfulness.
During the conquest of Makkah, Abu Sufyan was sent to inquire about Muslims plan and
get information via hiding. however he was caught and was prisoned. He was released on
the interference of Abbas R.A After this, he realized about the faise gods and accepted
islam on the Invitation of Holy Prophet. He fought for Muslims with Holy Prophet in Battle
of Hunain and Battle of Yarmuk and lost his eyes in each of the battles. He died while he
was ninety years old in 650 AD, in Madinah.

SALMAN AL FARSI
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. He was born and grown up as a Zoroastrian
2 Later, Saiman entered into the religion of Christianity and then afterwards embraced
islam after meeting Holy Proplist

3. He was a Persian and first one of his people to accept Islam. the counsel of Holy Prophet
and Hazrat All R.A till he reached his height of farm
4. He practiced his religion under
5. He was one of the companion of Abdul Bayt.

257
6. He always worked to spread the religion of Islam and unity in the Muslim community.
7. Before accepting Islam, he used to act as a protector of a fire temple, but after some time
he went towards Middle East for search for a true religion.
8. He was told about the signs of the last messenger of Allah, by a monk in Syria.
9. Initially when he met Holy Prophet, he was a slave but later he was a free man with the
help of Holy Prophet
10. He was a man of knowledge and intelligence, which made him the member of Ahlul
Bayt.

11. Holy Prophet said, "Salman is, indeed full of knowledge."

12. Salman was the one who gave the idea of digging trenches in various spots of Madinah
where there was a chance of enemy attack

13. This idea was given when after the Battle of Uhad, Muslims got the news that Meccans
were forming an army to fight.
14. This idea gave a victory to Muslims and the hypocrites backed off after trying hard.

15. Salman al-Farsi had a personality he that he was liked by a lot of people.
16. On the day of Al-Khandaq, Ansar said, "Salman is of us."
17. Muhajirin also said, "Salman is of us."

18. Holy Prophet said, "Salman is of us, O People of the House (Prophet's house)."
19. Salman al Farsi personality showed the pious and humble nature and good deeds of his
and his actions were the way of portraying his purity.
20. Abu Emameh reported an incident, "The day the Prophet was looking at the sky, we
asked, "What are you looking at, 0 Prophet of Allah?" He answered, "I saw an angel was
taking Salman's deeds to the sky." FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
His behavior was the reason for his heart to be filled with divine rays as Abu Harireh
reported once Holy Prophet ((SAW)
"Anybody who wants to look at someone whose heart is enlightened with the divine rays
should look t He was the one companion of Holy Prophet whoa always strive to increase
his knowledge, Salman al-Ford is e same as the wise Luqman." He used to talk for long
hours with Holy Prophet regarding religion and strived to strengthen his fath day by day, a
sad by the messenger of Allah, "If religion was in the sky, Salman would acquire it."

258
NOTE:
Salman al-Farsi was the first Persian to convert to Islam. He was raised as a Zoroastrian,
and then converted to Christian and then after meeting Prophet Muhammad, he converted
to Islam, and played a fundamental role in promoting Muslim After becoming a Muslim,
Salman grew under the guidance of the Prophet and Hazrat All until he reached the peak
df faith and was the best of the Ahlul Bayt's companions.
his early life Salman al Farsi was one of the guardians of a fire temple but later he left that
place in search for truth and zavelled towards the Middle East. During his stay in Syria he
came across a monk who told him about the signs of the last Prophet, when he met the
Holy Prophet he was enslaved but with the help of the Messenger of Allah he not only
became free man but also entered the fold of Islam and soon joined the Ahlul Bayt due to
his impressive knowledge, wisdom and support to the Holy Prophet and Islam. Prophet
once said about Salman al Farsi, "Salman is, indeed full of knowledge.
After the Battle of Uhad when the Muslims heard the news of the Makkans gathering an
army, Hazrat Salman who had an extensive experience in war tactics from native Persia
proposed to dig trenches in the vulnerable spots of Madina from where an attack was likely.
The digging of Trenches was the best tactic as the Quraish gave up after a few weeks and
had to go back humiliated. On the Day of Al-Khandaq the Ansar stood up and said,
"Salman is of us," the Muhajirin stood up also and said, "Salman is of us." The Prophet
called to them saying, "Salman is of us, O People of the House (Proph et's house).
Hazrat Salman al Farsi personality spoke volumes with his actions. Regarding this Abu
Emameh narrates an incident, "The day the Prophet was looking at the sky, we asked,
"What are you looking at, 0 Prophet of Allah?" He answered, "I saw an angel was taking
Salman's deeds to the sky." These words give proof to Salman's purity of his words and
deed which are known to be eternal. Because of his actions Salman al Farsi heart was filled
with divine rays and proot of this is in the following narration by Abu Harireh who once
heard the Prophet saying, "Anybody who wants to look at someone whose heart is
enlightened with the divine rays should look at Salman."

Hazrat Salman thirst for knowledge distinguished him amongst the Prophet's companion;
Hazrat All would say "Salman al-Farsi is the same as the wise Luqman." He would spend
long nights in conversation with the Holy Prophet and aimed to achieve highest degree of
faith, about this the Holy Prophet said, "If religion was in the sky, Salman would acquire
it."

JAFAR BIN ABI TALIB

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.From Banu Hashim clan of Quraish, son of Abu Talib

259
2. He was a fearless, generous, pure and trustworthy person.
3.The prophet gave him the title of "Father of the poor" and "The Two Winged"

4 He became important personality as soon as he entered into the religion of Islam,

5.He and his wife faced a lot of persecution in the hands of the idolaters.
6.He migrated to Abyssinia accompanied by other Muslims.

7. He had three children, Muhammad, Abd Allah and Awf.

8 Quraish sent Abd Allah in abi Rabiyah and Amr Ibn Al-Aas to Abyssinian king Negus
to send back Ja'far bin Abi Talib and other Muslims.

9.They said to Negus. "Your Majesty, you well know that a group of fools have turned
renegade and have taken asylum in your country. They did not embrace your religion, but
rather invented their own religion that neither of us know. are people of high rank who are
related to their fathers, uncles, and tribes, so that you would surrender those wretched
renegades to us."
10. Negus asked the Muslims, "What is that religion that made you abandon your people's
religion and refuse to embrace our religion?"
11. Ja'far bin Abi Talib was decided to be the advocate of Muslims and he gave a speech
to express to King Negus th why they came to his country

12. Negus then inquired from Ja'far. "Do you have a scroll on which you have written the
words of your Prophet?

13. On Negus insistence, Ja'far recited the verses of Surah Maryam, which made Najashi
and his bishops emotional
14. Negus said to the Quraish delegate, "These words, of what had descended on Issa
(Jesus), come the very same source as that of Issa. You are a free man in a free land. By
Allah, I will never surrender you to them."
15. After the Khyber expedition when Ja'far returned to the Prophet, he hugged him and
said, "I do not know which makes me feel happier, Khyber's conquest or Ja'far arrival."
16. He always prayed to die as a martyr and enter paradise.
17. He was martyred in the Battle of Mut'an.

18. Abu Hurairah said, "The most generous man towards the poor was Ja'far ibn Abi Talib."
19. Hazrat Umar R.A stated, "I was with Ja'far in the Battle of Mu'tah and we looked around
for him. We found that the enemy had his body with more than stabs and strikes!"

260
FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
20. Holy Prophet said, "I have seen him in paradise. His head and wings - upper arms -
were covered with blood.

NOTE:
Jafar bin Abi Talib belonged to the well-known clan of Banu Hashim. Son of Abu Talib
became one of the important perso ality as soon as he accepted islam. He and his wife faced
a lot of persecution in the hands of the unbelievers after they both embraced Istam along
with other Muslines. When Holy Prophet allowed Muslims to migrate to Abysinnia due
the hardships, Ja'far and his family travelled at that time to the country of Abysinnia. They
stayed there for quite some time and had three children named Muhannad, Abd Allah and
Awf.
Ja'far was a person with immense courage, fearlessness and generosity. He always helped
the poor through charity as he was also given the name of "Father of the poor" and "Two-
winged man" by the Holy Prophet Abu Hurairah said abcut him, "The most generous man
towards the poor was Ja'far ibn Abi Talib."
The Quraish was not happy with migration so they sent a delegation of two people which
includes, Abd Allah in abi Rabiyah and Amr Ibn Al-Aas. The visited Abyssinian king,
Najashi and said, "Your Majesty, you well know that a group of fools have turned renegade
and have taken asylum in your country. They did not embrace your religion, but rather
invented their own religion that neither of us know. We are people of high rank who are
related to their fathers, uncies, and tribes, so that you would surrender those wretched
renegades to us." Najashi asked the Muslims, "What is that religion that made you abandon
your people's religion and refuse to embrace our religion?" Ja'far was chosen as a
representative by Musilm delegation and so he gave a speech in return to Najashi question
and explained film about the hardships and the reasons for them to stay in his Najashi
further asked, "Do you have a scroll on which you have written the words of your Prophet?"
On this, Ja'far recited the verses of Surah Maryam, which made the king and his bishops
sentimental. He then said to the Quraish delegation, "These words, of what had descended
on Issa (Jesus), come from the very same source as that of Issa. You are a free man in a
free land. By Allah, I will never surrender you to them."
Holy Prophet was always glad with Ja'far bin Abi Talio as he said while hugging Ja'far
when he returned to him during Khaybar expedition that. "I do not know which makes me
feel happier, Khyber's conquest or Ja'far arrival." Jalar always wanted and prayed to die as
a martyr and his wish was completed when he was martyred by the enemies in the battle
of Mu'tah, Hazrat Umar R.A said, "I was with Ja'far in the Battle of Mu'tah and we looked
around for him. We found that the enemy had sprayed his body with more than ninety stabs

261
and strikes!" Holy Prophet said, "I have seen him in paradise. His head and wings - upper
arms - were covered with blood!"

ABU HURAIRAH
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Abd Shams was his name before entering into Islam.

2. Abu Hurairah was famous for his excellent memory.

3. He used to care for cats and animals, so he was named Abu Hurairah which meant 'father
of small cats.'

4. He was raised as orphan boy

5. Busrah Bint Ghazwan was his master and later he married her as a free man after
embracing Islam.
6. He entered into the religion of Istar on 7A.H by visiting Holy Prophet in Khyber

FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY OTHER IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES

He entered into the religion of Islam on 7A.H by visiting Holy Prophet in Khyber

7.in difficult times, he always stood by the Prophet (SAW)

8. He memorized the Quran by heart
9.He was one of the "As-hab-e-Suffa", companions allowed to live in Majid-e-Nabwi to
study Quran and Hadith from the prophet (SAW)
10. He had no business to run nor he is a farmer, hence he always supported the Muslims
and Prophet
11. He said about himself, "No one among the companions of the Messenger of Allah ga
narrates about him more than I do except 'Abd Allah Ibn Amr Ibn Al-'Aas. He used to
write, but I didn't"
12. Imam Ash-Shafiyy said about him, "No one in his period was more capable of narrating
traditions with such a memory than Abu Hurairah."

13. He was always busy in praying to Allah along with his wife and daughter that there
was no time in his house during night which was without praying.
14. After embracing Islam, his mother, who did not accept the Allah's religion at the time
used to hurt him by saying bad things about Prophet. However, later she accepted Islam.
15. He always took part in the battles after him embracing Islam.

262
16. He was made the governor of Bahrain by Hazrat Umar R.A during his time.
17. While he was ill, he used to say, "O Allah, I would love to meet you, so love to meet
me."
18. He died in the age of seventy-eight in 59 A.H.

NOTE:
Before accepting Islam, Abd Shams was the name he was known with. Abu Hurairah was
the name given to him because of his love for the cats and it meant "father of small cats."
He was an orphan while growing up. Before getting freed, he was the slave of Busrah Bint
Ghazwan, who he later married as a free man.
He visited Holy Prophet in Khaybar and accepted Islam in 7A.H. He was known for his
good memory and he memo ged the Quran by heart. He was always present to obey and
serve Holy Prophet and participated in all the battles after entering into the religion of
Islam.
was one of the "As-hab-e-Suffa", companions allowed to live in Majid-e-Nabwi to study
Quran and Hadith from the Prophet. He was also known for narrating the traditions of Holy
Prophet more than anyone, as he himself said, "No ne among the companions of the
Messenger of Allah narrates about him more than I do except Abd Allah ibn r bn Al-'Aas.
He used to write, but I didn't." Imam Shafi said, "No one in his period was more capable
of narrating raditions with such a memory than Abu Hurairah."

A, he was always busy in praying to Allah, as he, his wife and his daughter used to take
turns in praying at night, and mis anyone was always praying in house at night. He was not
a farmer, nor a businessman so he spent all his time in he duty to messenger and praying
to Allah. Moreover, when he accepted Islam, his mother stayed behind in their fore ther's
religion and she used to hurt him always by saying wrong things regarding Holy Prophet
which made Abu Hurairah upset and he started crying. Later, she accepted Islam.
During the time of Hazrat Umar caliphate, he was made the governor of Bahrain. His reign
ended when he was falsely accused of misusing the people's money. Later, he fell ill, and
he said. "O Allah, would love to meet you, so love to meet He died in 59 A.H when he was
seventy-eight years old.

FIRST MUSLIM COMMUNITY REFERENCE

REFERENCES:

wives
1"The Prophet ie closer to the believers than their own selves, and his wives are their
mothers Holy Quran

263
2."o consorts of the Prophet! You are not like any of the (other) women"
3"Nor it is right for you that you should annoy Allah'smessenger or that you should marry
his widows after him at any time.
4 "o consorts of the Prophet! If you were guilty of evident unseemly conduct the
punishment would be doubled her and than is way for you that is devout in the service of
Allah and His Apostle and works righteousness to her shall we grant her rewards twice"
Hazrat Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid
5)."And He found you in need, and, made. you independent." Holy Quran

6)."Khadijah's love is given to me by Allah." Prophet (SAW)

7) The Prophet (SAW) said to Hazrat Ayesha
"She was the wife who believed in me when others rejected me When people refused to
believe me, she affirmed my truthfulness When I stood forsaken "she spent her wealth to
lighten the burden of my sorrow".
8).The noblest women of the world are Hazrat Mariam and Hazrat Khadijah. (Bukhari and
Muslim).

Hazrat Ayesha
9.The Holy Quran has purified her character by saying

Why did they not bring four witnesses to prove. It? When they have not brought the
witnesses, such men in the sight of Allah are themselves lar

10 "I have never seen anybody more eloquent than Ayesha" Musa Bin Talha
11) We never faced any difficulty on which, when we enquired from Ayesha, we did not
get information relating to it Abu Musa Ashari

12) "Abu Musa 'reported never did a tradition appear doubtful to us. (companion of the
Prophet) and we asked Ayesha about it but we found exposition from her." Zaynab Bint
Jahsh

12 "Sehpeff you said to one he hat received the grace of Alah and your favor.
But you hid in your heart whel Allah was about, to make manifest: You feared the people,
but it is more fitting that you should fear Allah, man when Zayd had dissolved his marriage
with her se joined her in marriage to you Holy Quran,
13 This marriage symbolizes the fact that adopted sons are not real sons, as Allah says in
the Holy Quran "Muhammad is not the father of any of your but the Messenger of Allah
and Seal of the Prophets. And Allah has full knowledge of all things."

264
15 The Prophet said
"The longest handed (generous) of my wife shall be the first to join me in Paradise". Zaynab
was the first to follow him.

Hazrat Safiya
16 "Safya was a true companion". Prophet (SAW).

Hazrat juwariyya.
17) "Allah's Apostle (pbuh) came out from her apartment) in the morning as she was busy
in aving her dawn prayer in her place of worship. He came back in the forenoon and she
was still biting there. He the Prophet, said to her: You have been the same seat since left
you. She said: Yes". Muslim
18) Hazrat Ramla bint abu sufyan

"Negus married her to the Prophet (SAW) and gave her a dower of four thousand dirhams,
behalf of the Prophet (S.AW) and sent her to the Apostle of Allah with Sharhabeel bin
Hasanah" (Abu Laud)

Companions of the Prophet

19."My companions are like the stars: whichever of them you follow, you Mil be guided".
Prophet (SAW)

20 ."The best of my men are my generation; then they that come after them; then they that
come after them." Prophet (SAW) "

21.Don't rebuke my companions, if someone of you spends as much gold as. Uhad, he will.
Not reach the reword of "one mud" of any one of them, nor half of prophet (SAW)
22. "No companion of mine will die in a land without being raised as a guide, and a flight
for them. on the Resurrection Day". Prophet (SAW
23 I am a trust for my companions when shall go, there will come to my Companion what
they were promised, and my Companions are a trust for my uple So. when my companions
will-pass away, there Will Come to my people what they were, promised". Prophet (SAW)
24.in the Holy Quran, it is. Stated
Allah is pleased with them and they are also pleased with Allah, because he showed them
the right path and He also fulfilled. His promises: FIRST MUSLIM COMMUNITY

265
REFERENCE
Hazrat Abu Bakr
25.When i invited people towards Allah, everybody thought over it and hesitated, at least,
for a While, except Abu Bakr, who accepted my call, the moment i put it before him, and
he did not hesitate even for a moment Prophet (SAW) .

26.Abu Bakr and Umar will be loaders of the elderly people of the inmates of paradise
from the former and later generations except the Prophets and Me sengers" Prophet (SAW)
27) "The most Compassionate member of my people towards my people is Abu Bakr."

28) At the time of Treaty of Hudaibiya, Abu Bakr supported the Prophet, by saying.
"He is the Apostle of Allah and Allah, will never, degrade him.
29) In the cave of thawr during migration, this verse was revealed:
"When the disbelievers drove him out the had no more than one companion
Being the second of the two, they were tow in the cave, and he said to his companions
Have no fear, for Allah is with Then Allah sent down His peace upon him and strengthened
him with forces which you did not see.
30) At the time of Expedition to Tabuk, Prophet asked him "What did you leave for your
family Abu Bakr said "I have left for them: Allah and His Prophet"

31) "You are my companion in the cave and my companion in the mountain Prophet (SAW)
32) After the death of the Prophet (SAW), Abu Bakr said "Men, if anyone worships
Muhammad (SAW), Muhammad (SAW) is dead: if anyone, worships Allah. Allah is alive,
immortal.

Hazrat Umar Bin Al Khattab

33) "Among the nation of Banu reel who lived before you were men who Used to be
inspired with guidance Though they Were not prophets andany among, my, followers, it is
Hazrat Umar, Prophet (SAW).

34) "Allah placed truth upon the tongue of Umar and his heart Prophet (S.AW).
35) The most righteous regarding Allah's affal is Umar Prophet (S.AW)
36) When Hazrat Umar was migration, he announced

am migrating to Madina. If anyone wants to check me, let him come out am sure that his
mother would cry for his life.
37) "Were a prophet to come aner me, he would have been Umar Prophet (SAW)

266
38) "The sun had not risen on a better man than Umar." Prophet (SAW)
Hazrat Uthman ibn Affan

39) "For every apostle there was a constant companion and my companion in paradise will
be Uthman." Prophet (SAW)
40) After the donation for Tabuk, Prophet said "Nothing will do any harm to Uthman from
this day, whatever he goes."
41) "The most genuinely modest is Uthman: Prophet (S.AW)

All ibn Abu Talib

42) "You are my brother in this world and the hereafter Prophet (SAW)
43) On the battle of Trench, Allah's apostle said. "Tomorrow! will give this flag to a man
through whose hands Allah will give us victory, He loves Altah and His Apostle, and to is
loves Apostle." And he gave the flag to All.
(44) "You are to me as Haroon (Aaron) was to Musa (Moses) except that there will be no
prophet after me. Prophet (SAW)

(45) "I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate." Prophet (SAW).
(46) "The most learned in legal matters is All. Prophet (S.A.W)
(47). Prophet (S.AW) prayed for All

"O Allah! Put truth on his tongue and enlighten his heart with the light of guidance."
(48) "You pertain to me and I pertain to you". Prophet (SAW)
(49) When I am patron of anyone, Ali is also his patron." Prophet (S.A.W)
(50) "Of whomsoever I am lord; All is also his lord 0 Allah! be the supporter of whoever
supports.

All and enemy of whoever opposes him." Prophet (S.AW)

(51) The truth circulates with him Wherever he goes" Prophet
(52) "1 am' from Ali and All is from me". Prophet (S.AW)

Abdur Rehman ibn Auf

(53) During the battle of Uhad, he was severely wounded. The verse: "Because of the
inconvenience of rain- or because you are ill" was revealed in connection with Abdur
Rehman bin A

267
(54) His Ansar brother was giving him half of the property, but he said: "May Allah bless
you in your and property, guide me to the market"

Sa'ad Ibn Waqas

55) Sa'ad said "I am the first of Arabs who shot with an arrow in the way of Allah."
56) The Prophet (S.A.W), prayed for him.

Allah! Direct his shooting and respond to NS prayers."

FIRST MUSLIM COMMUNITY

REFERENCE
57) "The Prophet was vigilant one night" and when he reached Madina, he said, "Would
that a pous man from my companions guard me tonight" Suddenly We-heard the 'clatter of
arms He said, "Who is that? He the new comer en bn Abi Waqas and have come. to guide
you "So, the prophet slept that night)
Taha Ibn Ubaidullah
58) "When the prophet started looking at the enemy by raising his head. Taha Said: "O
Alah's Prophett let my parents be sacrificed for your saker Prese on't raise your head and
make it visible, less an arrow of the enemy should hit you. Let my neck and chest be
wounded instead of your .

59) "Who so is pleased to see a Martyr Waiting on the surface of the earth let him look at
Talha ain U7aydullah Prophet (SAW).

60) "Talha and Zubair are my neighbor's in Paradise. Prophet (SAW)

Zubair Ibn Awwam
(61) who will come with the news of the people Zubair said "T". The Prophet (SAW) said.
There was a helper for every prophet and my helper is Zubair" Prophet (S.AW)
62) Talha and Zubair are my neighbor in Paradise" Prophet (SAW).

Abu Ubaydah ibn Jarrah

63) "The people of Najran came to the prophet and said, "Send an honest man to us". The
Prophet said, "I will send to you an honest man who is really trustworthy." Every one of
the (Muslim) people hoped to be that one: The Prophet then send Abu Ubaydah Ibn Jarrah.

64) "For every people, there is a man of trust and the man of trust for this people is Abu
Ubaydah". Prophet (S.AW)

Hamza Ibn Abdul Muttalib

268
(65) "it is reported that the Prophet (SAW) passed by Hamza who was disfigured (after
being killed). He did not Offer prayer over any martyr except him"

(66) ."Every prophet has seven eminent men who are guardians, but have been give
fourteen. All was asked who they were and replied, my two sons, Jafar, Hamza, Abu Bakr,
Umar, Musab bin Umayr, Bilal, Salman, Ammar, Abdullah ibn Masud, Abu Dahir and Al
Miqdad".

Zayd Ibn Haritha

67) "Abdullah bin Umar reported We used not to call Zayd bin Haritha, a freed slave of
Allah's
apostle except Zayd bin Muhammad till the Quranic verse was revealed "call them (adopted
sona) by the names of their fathers. That is mar the sight of Allah

68) Then when Zayd had dissolved his marriage) with the unnecessary formality. We
joined her in mariage, to you."
69) "Allah's Apostle appointed Zayd bin Haritha as the commander of the army uning the
battle of Mutal and said. "It Zayd is martyredder sh over his position and it Jafar is
martyred. Abdullah bin Rawaha' should take over his position
(70) it you are criticizing Usaman's leadership, you used to criticize hit father's leadership
before procesory of leadership and was one of the dearest persons to me; and(now) this (.e.
Usamah) is one of the Clearest to me after him (e. Zayd) Prophet (SAW)

Salman AL Farsi
(71) was sold: (as a Slave) by one master to: another for more than ten times (.e. between
8 and 19) Bukhari.
(72) Paradise is desirous to three people All, Ammar and Salman. "Prophet (SAW)
(73) Seek knowledge from four people from Uwaymir Abu Darda, from Salman, from
Abdullah ibn Salam Prophet (SAW)

Abu Talib
74) O Uncle Even if they placed the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left to force
me to renounce my mission, will not stop unit God fuis my mission or destroys me in the
process" Prophet (SAW)

Khalid Bin Walid

(79) The Prophet (SAW) Said after- the battle of Mutah. "Zayd took the flag and was
martyred; then jaffar took the the and was

269
martyred, and then Ibne Rawaha took the flag and was martyred Finally the flag was taken
by one of Allah's swords (i.e. Khalid Bin Al Walid); and Allah gave them. (l.e. the
Muslims) Victory" "On the day the battle of Mu'tah, nine swords were broken in my hand,
and nothing was left in my hand except a Yemenite sword of mine"

Abu Sufyan' Ibri Harb

(81), lay Allah! Had I not been of my companions, labelling me a liar, I would not have
spoken the truth about the Prophet." FIRST MUSLIM COMMUNITY REFERENCE

Abu Huraira
(82) Prophet (SAM came to the Masjid and said to his companions "Everyone, wish for
something from Allah" Zayd Biro Thabit and other companion prayed, and the Prophet
said: "Ameen When Abu Hurairah's turn came

he said: !0 Allah, I ask you for everything that my two friends have asked, and I ask you
for knowledge that will not be forgotten," and the Prophet said " Then Zayd Bin Thabit and
his friend said: "0 Holy Prophet! We also ask you for knowledge that shall not be forgotten"
The Holy Prophet smiled and said to them: "The young man from bows asked it before.
you."
(83) "1 was a guest of Abu Hurairah for seven, days. Abu Hurairah, his wife and: his slave
used to get up and remain awake for one third of the night by turns. Each would offer the
night prayer and awaken the other." Prophet (S.AW).

Muhajirin and Ansar

84) "Those who believed and those who suffered exile and fought (and strove and struggled
in the path of Allah they have the hope of the Merciti and Allah is off Forgiving. Most
Merciful" Holy Quran
85) But those who before them had homes (in Madinah) and had adopted the Faith show
their affection to such as came to them for refuge and no desire in their hearts for things
given to the (latter) but give them preference over themselves even though poverty was
their own). "And those saved from the covetousness of their own souls, they are ones that
achieve prosperity."

86) "And Admit them into gardens with rivers flowing beneath, a reward from Allah and
from Allah is the4 best of towards" Holy Quran
87) Those who believe and emigrate, and strict with might and main in Allah's cause. With
their goods and persons, have the highest rant in the s Allah. They are people who will
win"scribes

270
88) .And they say "Tas of the ancients, which he has caused to be written, and they are
dictated before him morning and evening Holy Quran.

89) it is in Books held greatly in honour. Exalted (in dignity) keep pure and holy (written)
by the hands of scribes Honorable and pious and just Holy Quran.

Zayd ibn ThabitZayd Ibn Thabit

20) He said "We used to compile the Quran from small manuscripts in the presence of the
Prophet (SAW).
91) He also said "By Allahl if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one of the mountains
from its place, it w
had ordered me conceiving the collection of Quran."
92) "C people! Whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd Ibn Thabit".
Hazrat Umar
93) "Today the scholar of his Ummah died" Abu Hurairah on Zayd's death
20) He said "We used to compile the Quran from small manuscripts in the presence of the
Prophet (SAW) 91) He also said "By Allah! if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one
of the mountains from its place, it wo had ordered me conceiving the collection of Quran."
92) "C people! Whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd Ibn Thabit".
Hazrat Umar 93) "Today the scholar of his Ummah died" Abu Hurairah on Zayd's death
20) He said "We used to compile the Quran from small manuscripts in the presence of the
Prophet (SAW) 91) He also said "By Allah! if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one
of the mountains from its place, it wo had ordered me conceiving the collection of Quran."
92) "C people! Whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd Ibn Thabit".
Hazrat Umar 93) "Today the scholar of his Ummah died" Abu Hurairah on Zayd's death
4) "Whoever wants to read the Quran as fresh as when it was revealed then let him read
according to the recitation of Ibn Umm Abd Prophet

95) Leam the rectation of Quran four persons Ibn Masud, Salim, the freed slave of Abu
Huzaifa, Ubayy and Muadh Sin Jabar Prophet (SAM)Children of the Holy Prophet Harat
Fatima

96) Jami in Omer reported that he went to see his aunt Ayesha and asked her who among
the people was dearest to the Prophet of Aber

271
Fatma" and when questioned about the men, she said "her husband 97) "Fatima is piece of
my flesh, so who so causes her anger, causes my anger. Prophet (SAW)

The Prophet dit was the state of Prostration, Loba Bin Abi Muayt came and brought the
intestine of a and threw on the back of the The Prophet did not raise his head from
prostration till his daughter Fatima come and removed those intestines from his back"

Ibrahim
99) "The Prophet said "The eye weepe and the heart is sad, but we do not say anything to
incur the anger of Allah. We are sad, 0. fbrahim." 100) To you have we granted the
Abundance,
Therefore, pray to your Lord and sacrifice for the who hates you, he will be cut off. "Histy
Quran.

Hazrat Hasan
101) As for All, Fatima. Hatan and Husain, I am with war with whoever fights them, and
at peace with whoever is at peace with them" Prophet

102) "Nobody resembled the Prophet (SAW) more than Hasan, son of All Bukhari 1821
saw the Prophet (SAW) while Hasan (RA) was upon, he shoulder saying. O Allah! i love
him, so love him". Barra stated

104 le reported that the Apostle of Allah was on the pulpit with Hasan bin Ali by his side.
He was once turning to the people and once turning was saying, "Verily this progeny of
mine is Sayyed (noble) and per chance Allah wilt bring out compromise between, two big
parties of the Musi fm

Heart Husain
105 Hasan an Hussein are my flowers in the world" Prophet (SAW)
100 "uns from me and am from Hussain, Allah loves him who loves Hussain, Prophet
(SAW). FIRST MUSLIM COMMUNITY REFERENCE

Abu Huraira
(82) Prophet (SAM came to the Masjid and said to his companions "Everyone, wish for
something from Allah" Zayd Biro Thabit and other companion prayed, and the Prophet
said: "Ameen When Abu Hurairah's turn came
he said: !0 Allah, I ask you for everything that my two friends have asked, and I ask you
for knowledge that will not be forgotten," and the Prophet said " Then Zayd Bin Thabit and
his friend said: "0 Holy Prophet! We also ask you for knowledge that shall not be forgotten"

272
The Holy Prophet smiled and said to them: "The young man from bows asked it before.
you."

(83) "1 was a guest of Abu Hurairah for seven, days. Abu Hurairah, his wife and: his slave
used to get up and remain awake for one third of the night by turns. Each would offer the
night prayer and awaken the other." Prophet (S.AW).

Muhajirin and Ansar

84) "Those who believed and those who suffered exile and fought (and strove and struggled
in the path of Allah they have the hope of the Merciti and Allah is off Forgiving. Most
Merciful" Holy Quran
85) But those who before them had homes (in Madinah) and had adopted the Faith show
their affection to such as came to them for refuge and no desire in their hearts for things
given to the (latter) but give them preference over themselves even though poverty was
their own). "And those saved from the covetousness of their own souls, they are ones that
achieve prosperity."
86) "And Admit them into gardens with rivers flowing beneath, a reward from Allah and
from Allah is the4 best of towards" Holy Quran
87) Those who believe and emigrate, and strict with might and main in Allah's cause. With
their goods and persons, have the highest rant in the s Allah. They are people who will
win"

scribes
88) .And they say "Tas of the ancients, which he has caused to be written, and they are
dictated before him morning and evening Holy Quran.
89) it is in Books held greatly in honour. Exalted (in dignity) keep pure and holy (written)
by the hands of scribes Honorable and pious and just Holy Quran.

Zayd ibn ThabitZayd Ibn Thabit

20) He said "We used to compile the Quran from small manuscripts in the presence of the
Prophet (SAW).
91) He also said "By Allahl if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one of the mountains
from its place, it w had ordered me conceiving the collection of Quran."
92) "C people! Whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd Ibn Thabit".
Hazrat Umar

93) "Today the scholar of his Ummah died" Abu Hurairah on Zayd's death

273
20) He said "We used to compile the Quran from small manuscripts in the presence of the
Prophet (SAW) 91) He also said "By Allah! if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one
of the mountains from its place, it wo had ordered me conceiving the collection of Quran."
92) "C people! Whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd Ibn Thabit".
Hazrat Umar 93) "Today the scholar of his Ummah died" Abu Hurairah on Zayd's death

20) He said "We used to compile the Quran from small manuscripts in the presence of the
Prophet (SAW) 91) He also said "By Allah! if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one
of the mountains from its place, it wo had ordered me conceiving the collection of Quran."

92) "C people! Whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd Ibn Thabit".
Hazrat Umar 93) "Today the scholar of his Ummah died" Abu Hurairah on Zayd's death
4) "Whoever wants to read the Quran as fresh as when it was revealed then let him read
according to the recitation of Ibn Umm Abd Prophet
95) Leam the rectation of Quran four persons Ibn Masud, Salim, the freed slave of Abu
Huzaifa, Ubayy and Muadh Sin Jabar Prophet (SAM)Children of the Holy Prophet Harat
Fatima
96) Jami in Omer reported that he went to see his aunt Ayesha and asked her who among
the people was dearest to the Prophet of Aber

Fatma" and when questioned about the men, she said "her husband 97) "Fatima is piece of
my flesh, so who so causes her anger, causes my anger. Prophet (SAW)

The Prophet dit was the state of Prostration, Loba Bin Abi Muayt came and brought the
intestine of a and threw on the back of the The Prophet did not raise his head from
prostration till his daughter Fatima come and removed those intestines from his back"
Ibrahim
99) "The Prophet said "The eye weepe and the heart is sad, but we do not say anything to
incur the anger of Allah. We are sad, 0. fbrahim." 100) To you have we granted the
Abundance,
Therefore, pray to your Lord and sacrifice for the who hates you, he will be cut off. "Histy
Quran.

Hazrat Hasan
101) As for All, Fatima. Hatan and Husain, I am with war with whoever fights them, and
at peace with whoever is at peace with them" Prophet

274
102) "Nobody resembled the Prophet (SAW) more than Hasan, son of All Bukhari 1821
saw the Prophet (SAW) while Hasan (RA) was upon, he shoulder saying. O Allah! i love
him, so love him". Barra stated
104 le reported that the Apostle of Allah was on the pulpit with Hasan bin Ali by his side.
He was once turning to the people and once turning was saying, "Verily this progeny of
mine is Sayyed (noble) and per chance Allah wilt bring out compromise between, two big
parties of the Musi fm

Heart Husain
105 Hasan an Hussein are my flowers in the world" Prophet (SAW)
100 "uns from me and am from Hussain, Allah loves him who loves Hussain, Prophet
(SAW). AHADITH PASSAGES (01,04,07,08,09)

INDIVIDUAL
TEACHINGS OF HADITH
We learn from this Hadith that islam is a very simple religion and to gain Allah's pleasure
and to reach paradise, one must simply follow the basic principles of Islam. The Quran
says.
"Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you". Allah
has laid down clear rules about what is lawful and unlawful, and He expects man to be
obedient to Him. By following these rules, we can gain Allah's pleasure and His mercy and
thus enter paradise and this is what the prophet confirmed He said, "Avoid what I have
forbidden you to do, and do your utmost what I have ordered you to do."
Fulfilling the rights of Allah by performing prayers and observing fasts and to have the
knowledge of religion for enjoining upon good and forbidden evil is obligatory on every
Muslim. Prayer and fasting are the two pillars of Islam which keep a believers faith intact;
in addition to that a muslim who stays away from evil and prohibited acts and does only
that which is permissable shall have no worries as Allah has promised a place in paradise
for him.

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Muslims today should perform all their religious and social obligations with sincerity and
devotion. Muslims can acquire paradise by being obedient to Allah. Muslims besides
following the pillars of Islam, must be conscious of what is allowed and not allowed in
islam for e.g. they should be fair in trading and not take interest, eat only Halal food and
stay away from alcohol etc. They need to understand the importance of praying and fasting
being the pillars of Islam. As the Prophet (S.AW) said,

275
"He who deliberately missed a prayer has indeed disbelieved."
During Prophet's lifetime when Azaan was announced, all worldly activities were
suspended. Both the pillars develop piety and self-restraint and bring us closer to Allah.
"Fasting is a shield and protection from the fire and from committing sins". A muslim can
bring discipline in his life and be righteous by praying five times a day and fasting in
prescribed manner, just by following the practices of Prophet he will be rewarded on the
day of judgement. In order to completely understand what is allowed and what is not one
must refer to the Quran and Sunnah in daily life and be conscious of forbidden acts.

HADITH 7: JIHAD IN ALLAH'S WAY

‫تقتل بْي اثنْي‬: ‫’’كل سَلمي من الناس عليه صدقۃ ك ل يوم تطلع فيه الشمس‬

‘‘‫ وتميط األذى عن الطريق صدقۃ‬،‫ وتعن خطوۃ تشبھا إٰل الصَلۃ صدقۃ‬،‫صدقۃ‬

Every person's every joint must perform a charity every day the sun comes up to act justly
between two people is a charity: to help a man with his mount, itting him onto it or hoisting
up his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity, every step you take to
prayers is a charity and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
This Hadith stresses upon the fact that A Muslim must always endeavor to seek the pleasure
of Allah and one who spends his life striving to this by following the tenets of Islam and
spending from what Allah has given him in His cause. is considered as the best of Muslims.
A believer can 'strive in the way of Allah, using one's person or with one's property. which
includes their wealth. The purpose of such a struggle though, should always be to establish
a just and righteous society and must be according to the rules and laws lay down by Allah
and explained by His Prophet (PBUH).
If we look closely, the meaning of striving hard with one's person elucidate more than one
meaning. To explain further, a believer may migrate for the sake of one's religion as the
Muslims of Makkah did in the holy prophet (PBUH)'s time. Moreover, it may also mean
to spread the message of Allah by travelling to different parts of the world to preach His
message. Other than this, it could also mean as a personal fight against evil or taking part
in armed struggle which is estab lished for the protection of Islam or oneself.
The wealth and property of Muslims must be spent in the way of Allah as He compensales
a believer for what he spends in His way. Regarding this, the Quran says,
"There's no (amount of money) that you spend In His cause without Him replacing it, for
He's the best of all providers." (34:39)

276
AHADITH PASSAGES (01,04,07,08,09) INDIVIDUAL
HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?
A Muslim must firstly fulfil the pillars of Islam sincerely. A true believer will strive to seek
Allah's pleasure and so after completing his obligations, he may well strive in the way of
Allah by going on to offer Tahajjud prayers or Tarawih prayers, or finance the Hajj of those
less fortunate than himself to perform Hajj after fulfilling his own obligation. There are
many other instances in ones daily life where they can apply the teachings of this Hadith.
A person may strive in Allah's way by spending the time in worshipping him or carrying
out social work in the community. Moreover, an indi vidual can support Islam and the
community through their wealth and resources by supporting schools and education to
remove the element of ignorance. They can also use other approach such as by donating to
health facilities for the poor. providing them with livelihood or even by constructing or
repairing mosques in a particular area.
The concept of jihad could also be used in everyday life by word of mouth; one may raise
awareness about the peaceful eachings of islam. Other than this, welfare projects on local
and international levels, helping communities affected by poverty or war, saving the lives
of those who have nothing with them; all these fall under the category of striving in the
way of Allah. Holy Prophet (PBUH) stated,
"A single endeavor of fighting in Allah's cause is better than the world and whatever is in
it."

HADITH 8: MARTYRDOM

‫يا رسول اہلل‬: ‫)ما تعد من الشھيد فيكم؟ قالوا‬: "‫قال رسول اہلل( صل اہلل عليه وسلم‬

‫إن شھداء امِت إذا لقليل !من قتل ِف سبيل‬: "‫من قتل ِف سبيل اہلل فھو شھيد قال‬

،‫ ومن مات ِف الطاغون فھو شھيد‬،‫ ومن مات ِف سبيل اہلل فھو شھيد‬،‫اہلل فھو شھيد‬
‫ومن مات ِف البطن فھر‬

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: "Whom do you
count to be a martyr among you? They said: O Messenger of Allah, whoever is killed in
the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: In that case the martyrs of my community will be
very few! He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies a natural death in
the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies in the plague in the way of Allah is a martyr, he
who dies of cholera in the way of Allah is a martyr.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
The term martyr is widely accepted as laying down one's life for the sake of Allah on the
battlefield. However, this Hadith clarifies that there are certain ways a person can be a

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martyr, not just one way. This Hadith explains that all those Muslims who live their lives
righteously with the intention of attaining Allah's pleasure, and they die in this process, are
considered as martyrs.
To explain further, one category of this Hadith talks about that Muslim who dies à natural
death in the way of Allah; stresses upon the fact that a person who does not die because of
his involvement in a war by a sword, bullet etc., but meets his death because of some other
cause is also considered a martyr. It could be that a person dies while on a way to participate
in Jihad, protect someone who is threatened on account of their faith in Isiam, or involved
in an accident while doing something good for others or while doing a good deed. It could
also be that the person died while defending their property or family or another Muslim
from robbery or theft etc. Moreover, others mentioned in the Hadith: person dying from
painful and fatal diseases like cholera or the plaque in the way of Allah is also considered
to be a martyr. The reason these two diseases are mentioned because they were the most
common cause of death in the seventh century. All in all, the core teaching of the Hadith
is that Allah loves His creation and that He is willing to reward each and every one as long
they are obedient to Him and remain true to their faith. Allah has said,
"But do not think of those that have been slain in God's cause
are dead. Nay, they are alive! With their Sustainer have they
their sustenance." (3:169-172)

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

This Hadith exhibits that Muslim should develop the spirit of withstanding all serious and
fatal sufferings with a strong belief that everything is by the supreme will of Allah, who
alone has power to give life and death. A Muslim who wants to attain the status of martyr
would be engaged in performing righteous deeds that would earn him Allah's pleasure. To
die a martyr in the Islamic faith is one of the greatest honors. The rewards granted to the
martyr are so sublime and are superior to the rewards for performing almost any other
righteous act.
The martyr is given seven special favors and privileges from Allah. Once the first drop of
his blood is shed, all of his sins are forgiven. Before he dies, the martyr can see the beauty
of his palace Paradise. The martyr will not be tested in the grave, nor will he be punished
in the grave. To die a noble, honorable death, one must five a noble, honorable engaging
in Jihad Fi Sabil-llah. This jihad could be of the self, of the tongue, by the hand, or by other
means of support. as striving in Allah's way will enable a Muslim to achieve the status of
a mart.

AHADITH PASSAGES (01,04,07,08,09)

INDIVIDUAL

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There are many examples of how to achieve the status of a martyr. One is by working
honestly and truthfully by helping those who are in need or supporting those who are
vulnerable and helpless. Moreover, by being kind to all the creatures of Allah and looking
after the environment is also a type of jihad. Muslim could defend the teachings and
knowledge of Islam by spreading the word of Allah, and if need be, laying down life in the
way of Allah. The Holy Quran says
"Then they will be in the company of those on whom Allah has bestowed His Grace, of the
Prophets, the Siddeeqoon (those followers of the Prophets who were first and foremost to
believe in them, like Abu Bakr As Siddeeq), the martyrs, and the righteous." (4:69)

HADITH 9: HALAL EARNING

.‫ما أكل اخذ طعاما ِف خيا من ان يأكل من عمل يده‬

No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his hand.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
This Hadith teaches man to earn money by his own hands for his sustenance. Islam does
not like begging or spreading hands before people. Our Holy Prophet (PBUH) worked hard
himself and bestowed the workers with respect and dignity by saying that
"One who works for himself is a friend of God."
Islam cannot overstress the importance of lawful earning of every Muslim. All Musams
believe that Allah has fixed their earning in their lifetime even before their birth. The main
struggle is how each believer achieves that earning, Holy prophet (PBUH) encourages
Muslims to eam lawfully and through their own hard work. The Messenger of Allah has
said,
"To earn a clean living is also a duty next to the obligatory
duties of faith"
Muslims are strictly discouraged from spreading their hands in front of or relying or others.
These could be begging from others or involving one in charitable handouts. Moreover,
other uniawful earnings Muslims are discouraged from unlawful earnings which include
bribery, gambling, usury, or even earning through defrauding or depriving someone of their
income etc. Muslims are encouraged to earn an honest living for themselves and their
families; they are taught than respect is not earned by how much one earns but how one
earns it Earnings that come through honest, hard work are blessed by Allah, and no job is
considered too lowly in Islam. Another Hadith of the prophet says,

"One who earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow is a

friend of Allah's":

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HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?
According to this Hadith, a Muslim should abstain from illegal means of earning wealth
like bribery, theft, corruption, usury and gambling, otherwise he will earn hellfire for
himself in the Hereafter. If everyman strictly follows this Hadith, there would be no
beggars left in the society. The money collected through charity can be given to true needy
people like orphans, widows and disabled ones. Moreover, if a Muslim is physically and
mentally fit, he should struggle for his liveli hood and prosperity. He should be proud even
if he is doing a low-profile job because it is after all a fair and lawful means of earning. A
hard worker is always respected in the society while a beggar totally loses his dignity. An
example of prophet (PBUH) could be demonstrated here that he never looked down upon
any job. When he arrived in Madina, he worked on the construction of the mosque, which
was to serve as his home and as the religious and commu nity centre, alongside the
Muhajirin and the Ansar. Moreover, during the battle of Khandag, the holy prophet
(PBUH) par ticularly participated in the digging of the trench around Madina to safeguard
it. This action of the holy prophet (PBUH) is a lesson to Muslims today to not look down
on any honest effort. In another saying of the Holy Prophet (PBUH, It is said,
"He who works with his hands is a friend of Allah."
AHADITH PASSAGES (13,17,18,19,20)

INDIVIDUAL

HADITH 13: QURAN & TETHERED CAMEL

‫ وإن‬،‫إن عاد عليھا اسكھا‬: ‫إنما مثل صاحب القرآن كمثل صاحب اإلبل المعقلۃ‬

‫أطلقھا‬

He who studies the Qur'an is like the owner of tethered camels. If he attends to them he
will keep hold of them, but if he lets them loose they will go away.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
It is due to Gods mercy and Favor that the Quran is easy to understand and remember,
"And we have indeed made the Quran easy to understand and remember."

People of wisdom embark on memorizing the Quran and in this process, attention is of the
essence, far it a person is to become neglectful after he has memorized it, he opts to forget
it as if it had been a fleeting thought. This hadith compares this situation that of the
ownership of a camel, he will have control and ownership over it if he provides ample
attention to It, but if he is to neglect it and seize paying attention, the camel will escape
without the person noticing. Same is the case with the Quran, regular attention needs to be
paid in order to refresh its potency in one's memory otherwise it will be forgotten and
neglected.

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HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?
Muslims should ideally be reciting the Quran on a daily basis or at least reciting regularly
in order to not forget it, the Prophet (S.A.W) said,
"keep on reciting the Quran, for, by him in whose hands my life is, Quran runs away (is
forgotten) faster than camels that are released from their tiring ropes. Knowledge of the
Quran is compared to that of a camel, something that the owner must extract benefit out of
as the Quran benevolent and altruistic. Muslims must memorize the Quran and recite it
regularly and ponder over its meanings in order to effectively apply its teachings in real
life. Even reciting the Quran carnes a hefty reward as Hazrat Aisha reports,
"A person who recites the Quran and masters It will be with the noble and righteous scribes
(in heaven)."

HADITH 17: MODESTY

‫الحياء ّل يأيت إّل بخي‬

Modesty produces nothing but good.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Modesty is a branch of faith, either both modesty and faith are present in an individual and
society, or none of them are as they are both Interlinked heavily. Modesty is an important
quality enshrined in islamic society, not only does it play an impor ant role in character
building, it is the fundamental necessity for the practical implementation of islamic
principles and It acts as a shield against lewdness and immorality by keeping the individual
tied to reality and humbleness. It also wields the key to piety and good deeds, as no good
deed can be committed with a feeling of pride and superiority. The Duran orders modesty
in the following words "Come not near to shameful deeds whether open or secret."

The Prophet also said,

"Every religion has a distinctive quality and the distinctive quality of Islam is modesty."
This clearly establishes a relationship between faith and modesty, a relationship that is
extremely beneficial to Individuals faith as it brings about good deeds, protects one from
shameful deeds and serves as an unremarkable personality trait

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Muslims should avoid immoral, lustful and indecent acts, they should avoid any action that
produces a reaction of disgust. This modesty shouldn't only extend to their fellow humans
and their own actions, but it should be directed at Altah as well; must be modest and humble
to Him in the highest degree. Allah says,

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"And do thou remember your Lord within yourself humbly and with awe, below our breath
at morn and evening." Believers should shun everything that is displeasing to God, both
men and women must be modest towards each other. siam does not allow the free mixing
of opposite sex, women and men should dress up according to sharia, women should not
wear revealing clothing or display their beauty to non-mahram, Allah says

"Say to the believing men that they should lower their gazes and guide their modesty. that
will make for greater purity for them; and Allah is well acquainted with all that they do.
And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty."

Modesty as a character trait acts as a shield against all such impurities and promotes
humbleness towards Allah which ranslates to strengthening one's faith and committing
good deeds as one honestly submits to the will of Allah, seeking the greater pleasure of
appeasing his Lord rather than the worldly pleasures or benefits.

AHADITH PASSAGES (13,17,18,19,20) INDIVIDUAL

HADITH 18: FAITH-MUSTARD SEED-HEAVEN

‫ وّل يدخل الجنۃ أخذ‬،‫ّل يدخل الشر أحد ِف قلبه مثقال حبۃ من خردل من إيمان‬

‫ِف قلبه مثقال حبۃ من خردل من كب‬

He who has in his heart as much faith as a grain of mustard seed will not enter hell, and he
who has in his heart as much pride as a grain of mustard seed will not enter paradise.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Allah has bestowed a great blessing on to the believers. The idea that no matter what sins
they commit in this world, as long as they have even a spec of true faith in their heart, they
will eventually be forgiven, and their punishments will cease and they will be allocated to
paradise. Many people will be cast into Hell because of their deeds and this remain ing
atom of absolute faith is their only way out of Hell, if ever, eventually. The Prophet said,

"Whoever said: None has the right to be worshipped but

Allah" and has in his heart good (faith) equal to the weight
of a barley grain will be taken out of Hell. And whoever said,
"None has the right to be worshipped but Allah."
And has in his heart good (faith) equal to the weight of a wheat grain will be taken out of
hell. And whoever said, "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and has in his heart
good (faith) equal to the weight of an atom will be taken out of Hell."
Inversely, those who are proud and consider themselves to be superior will never be
allowed to enter paradise as modesty is inked directly to faith, either both qualities are
present or none of them are, which is exactly why the trait of being modest is enshrined in

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islam. Note how the Satan was also expelled from heaven due to his pride and regardless
of all the good he may have committed while serving in the ranks of the angel of Allah, he
wasn't allowed to stay in heaven due to his pride.

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Pride is the worst attribute a human being could possess, one who is proud establishes a
superiority complex and profiles others to be inferior to him in the social hierarchy. Such
individuals are self-important and arrogant. Greatness and pride are attributes of Allah, The
Prophet said,

"Allah the highest says, Pride is my cloak and Greatness my

robe, and he who competes with Me in respect to either of
them I shall cast him into hell fire."
The Quran preaches traits like modesty and humbleness. One should not take pride in
material possessions or position or power or money or even race and skin colour, as Allah
says
"And swell not your cheek for pride at men or walk in
Insolence through the earth, for Allah loves not any arrogant
boaster."
This reminds us that we were all born through a humble clot of congealed blood with
nothing to show for and that is something no material possession can change which is
exactly why we should always be bound to reality and down to earth, never let our senses
get the best of us and remain modest and humble even when presented with the opportunity
to be proud and arrogant.

HADITH 19: WORLD BELIEVER'S PRISON

.‫الدنيا سجن المؤمن وجنۃ الكافر‬

The world is the believer's prison and the unbeliever's

paradise.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Believers are compared to prisoners. Individuals who are restricted in freedom, movement
and must abide by the rules and regulations set for them by law. Similarly, a believer is
trapped within the confines of this world where he can only ever function according to the
principles of Islam, not being completely free to do whatever they want. They see this
world as nothing but a test and prison which they will be free of in the hereafter. On the
other hand, to the non-believers. this world is reduced to nothing but pleasure-seeking and
enjoyment, the freedom of not having any morals to stand for and committing indecencies

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on a daily basis due to there being no regulatory system such as Islam present within their
hearts. Such a person will be cast away to Hell and will during his permanent suffering
there, remember this world as a paradise while a believer who will have earned his place
in heaven will remember the hardships of this world as it is nothing but a test filled with
difficulties and consider it a hell in comparison to the freedom and leisure he would receive
in paradise. This world is seen as a toiling ground for the believers, for which they will be
rewarded in the hereafter, while it is seen as a pleasure house by the non-believers for
which they will be punished in the hereafter. The Prophet said,

"The world is the believer's prison and famine, but when he leaves the world, he leaves the
prison and the famine."

AHADITH PASSAGES (13,17,18,19,20) INDIVIDUAL

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Muslims are sent into this world where they must abide by the limits ordained by sharia.
They must shun all evil and sinul deeds such as adultery, drinking, gambling, lying etc.
These are some of the parameters the believer must live in mis world abiding by Which is
exactly why this world is regarded as a cultivating ground for him, where he extracts good
ceeds in order to present them before Allah in the hereafter. The believer must deliver off
his duty as a servant to Alah, forsaking the pleasures of this world in order to receive the
pleasures in the hereafter. He lives his life with checks and balances, exactly as to that of a
prisoner, ready for accountability at any given time, continuously stacking up good cred
The Prophet said
"I have nothing to do with this world. The parable of me and this world is like a rider who
rests in the shade of a tree, then he passes on and leaves it. This Hadith highlights the
insignificance of this world and signifies the long journey a believer is apt to complete.

HADITH 20:

GOD LOOKS AT HEART

.‫ ولكن ينظر إٰل قلوبك وأعمالكم‬،‫إن اہلل ّل ينظر إٰل صوركم وّل أموالكم‬

God does not look at your forms and your possessions, but
he looks at your hearts and your deeds.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
in this world, a person is treated according to a pre-ordained social hierarchy, based off of
possessions and affluence. am endorses the Idea of peering beyond material possessions
and establishing superiority based off of moral excel ence, Islam does not allow
discrimination pivoted on the idea of colour, racial differences, sects or nationality. Islam

284
rep a blanket policy free from the differences between the high and low, and the rich and
the poor. It treats all human beings as absolute equals. The only thing that makes a man
superior to another man is his conduct and piety, his faith and modesty and his intentions
for this world. This hadith also hints at the necessity of their being a purity in inten ton as
Allah those only do good deeds in hopes of worldly praise and compliments, or to show
off, The Prophet said
"He who lets the people hear of his good deeds intentionally, to win their praise, Allah will
let the people know his Prophet real Intention (On the day of resurrection), and he who
does good things in public to show off and win the praise of the people, Allah will disclose
his real intention (humiliate him)."
Allah announces the grievous penalty of complete humiliation on the Day of Judgment
who fake good deeds and have vested interests via gaining the praise of the people, such
people are the same as hypocrites who pose to be something else on face-value but inside
cultivate foul intent.

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

This tradition highlights the importance of sincerity and good intentions. Therefore, every
noble act should be based on these two virtues. Anything such as foul intent or vested
interests destroy the good deed and make it void as Allah offers no reward for such a deed,
rather a punishment is issued. Hypocrisy, ostentation, greed for worldly wealth, all fall into
the category of such evils which do no good but destroy a believer's faith, they also result
in a faltering modesty which mads to a wavering faith and ultimately shirk. Therefore, a
believer should always check his intentions before committing any deed, and verify that he
is committing the deed only for Allah. There is no point in trying to hide one's intentions
as all are known to Allah
"Whether you hide what is in your hearts or reveal it, Allah knows it all." On the Day of
Judgment, Allah will judge us according to our intentions and not according to our
appearance or ancestry, The Prophet said,
"Every action is based on the intention behind it, and everyone shall have what he
intended."

MAJOR THEMES OF THE AHADITH INDIVIDUAL

A WRITE ABOUT THE MAIN TEACHINGS OF AHADITH FOR THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSLIMS INDIVIDUAL LIFE. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Different Ahadith guide us for our individual conduct in everyday life. In the first place,
he teaches us to be sincere n our beliefs and practices.

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2. We must put Allah before everything that we do, regular recitation of Quran is necessary
for the implementation of its teaching in our lives.

3. "He who studies the Quran is like the owner of tethered camels. If he attends to them,
he will keep hold of them, but if he lets them loose, they will go away."
4. Muslims must perform all obligatory acts of worship, such as prayer, fasting, zakat, etc.
"Worship Allah and do not asso ciate anything with him, establish prayer, pay the zakat,
observe the month of Ramadan and perform Hajj to the (sacred) House (Ka'aba)."
5. We must refrain from all unlawful acts that have been mentioned in the Quran.

6. A Muslim is required to perform good deeds, instead of boasting about his belongings
or achievements. Good intentions are what accounts for on the Day of Judgement.
7. The Prophet said "God does not regard your appearances and your possessions, but he
regards your heart and your actions."
8. A believer has to be modest and humble and should walk on this earth with his head
down. He should not be extrava gant, instead he should wear simple, clean clothes, and he
should not spend excessively in his daily endeavors.
9. We should be proud or think of ourselves very highly due to our ancestry or belongings.
10. Muslims must not indulge in unlawful acts that they may feel tempted to commit,
instead they should commit good deeds. The Prophet forbade for followers from being
materialistic or self-centered, Prophet told them to strive for eternal rewards of hereafter.

11. He said: "The world is a believer's prison and a non-believer's paradise."

12. We must live in restricted manner, in accordance with the Shariah Law.
13. Muslims are also prohibited from earning unlawfully. The Prophet has emphasized
upon hard work and earning by lawful means. He is reported to have said:
14. "No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his own hand."
15. A believer should strive in the way of Allah and sacrifice his life and property in the
way of Allah.
16. We should also fulfill our duties towards other human beings, and be kind and merciful
to everyone, inespective of their cast, color, or creed.

17. The Prophet said "Treat kindly the dwellers of the earth, He who dwells in the heavens
will treat you kindly.

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ANSWER:
the Prophet Muhammad's character is the perfect role model for all the Muslims in their
individual and personal conduct there is any personality that has lived on the face of this
earth who was complete in every regard and the life who can serve as a beacon of guidance
for people of every walk of life that personality would undeniably be the personalty of
Muhammad(SAW) Different Ahadith guide us for our individual conduct in everyday life.
In the first place, he teaches us to be sincere in qur belels and practices. This exhibits that
we must put Allah before everything that we do. Not only this, regular rectallen Quran is
necessary for the implementation of its teaching in our lives. By doing this, we fulfil the
main requisit san. The messenger of Allah said:
"He who studies the Quran is like the owner of tethered camels. If he attends to them, he
will keep hold of them, but if he lets them loose, they will go away."
We should perform the obligatory acts of worship regularly, such as five daily prayers,
performing Hajj, giving Zakat, tasting the month of Ramadan, etc. These acts strengthen
our beliefs and make us get closer to Allah Almighty. The Holy Propher used to perform
all the obligatory acts of worship very frequently, and he was the closest to Allah in terms
of worship as well

"Worship Allah and do not associate anything with him, establish prayer, pay the zakat,
observe the month of Ramadan and perform Hajj to the (sacred) House (Ka'aba)."

The Prophet always used to perform good deeds and always had the best of intentions for
everything. Despite being sent down as a favour upon mankind by Allah, The Holy Prophet
remained humble and even after conquering Arabia, never became prouid or boasted. He
always feared Allah, and the performed good deeds diligently. He wore simple clean.

MAJOR THEMES OF THE AHADITH

INDIVIDUAL
clothes and mended them himself. He used a brick as a pillow to sleep while he was the
ruler of Arabia, Muslims stout pay heed to this example of the Prophet and should always
remain humbin no matter who they are, and they must good deeds and keep good intentions
in everything that they do, as that is what will count on the Day of Judge ment, not our
wealth or achievements "God does not regard your appearances and your possessions, but
he regards your heart and your actiong"

Prophet Muhammad's teachings encourage us to spend our weath on the poor and the needy
and to exert ourselves in the Allah His generosity is something that Muslims should aspire
to and spread the examples of his generosity to other people as well so that the world could
become a better place.

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Prophet was a selfless being who would give anything that he had to anyone who asked for
it and would do everything for the sake of Allah. Therefore, it is quite natural that he had
little or no concern with the worldly possessions Prophet Muhammad did not want anything
of this world, rather whatever he had, he spent it on other people and helped them solve
their material problems and issues. He forbade his followers from being materialistic or
self-centered, he told them to strive for eternal rewards of hereafter. He said. "The world
is a believer's prison and a non-believer's paradise."
Muslims are also prohibited from earning unlawfully. The Prophet has emphasized upon
hard work and earning by lawful means. He is reported to have said: "No one eats better
food than that which he eats out of the work of his own hand."
Holy Prophet is a perfect example of how to live one's life, he taught about the worldly life
as a trial and therefore stops from indulging in this world too much. In this way, Prophet
Ahadith gives us guidance about our individual conduct and helps us to become good
Muslims.

AHADITH PASSAGES (02,03,05,06,10) COMMUNAL

HADITH OZ BROTHERHOOD

‫ا يؤمن أحدكم حىت يحب ألخيه ما يحب لنفسه‬

None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he

wants for himself.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
The Hadith of the Prophet (S.AW.) teaches us a very strong and important essence of islam
ie. brotherhood. A Muslim is aught to like for his brothers and sisters whatever he likes for
himself. They should treat them in a way which would best them and please them. Isiam
emphasizes a lot on the unity of Muslims whether they live in a place or are separated by
boundaries. These characteristics spreads good will and brotherhood which helps to create
a friendly society. At another place prophet said, Do not envy, and do not outbid each other,
and do not hate, and do not turn away, and do not outsell each other, and be servants of
Allah as brothers."-Bukhari.
Musim cannot acquire perfection in his faith until he is cooperative and kind with others.
Being caring towards each ather is binding upon all the Muslims and is not something that
they can leave on choice. Islam is religion of peace and , and Alah has made it compulsory
for his believers to live in harmony for communal well-being. This means treating everyone
in a gentle manner and not wishing them ill.

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"Whoever would love to be delivered from the Fire and entered into Paradise, then let him
die with faith in Allah and the Last Day and let him treat the people the way he would love
to be treated."

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Prophet (SAW) not only preached brotherhood but also practiced it himself. He treated all
his fellows equally and did not discriminate between them. At the time of migration, he
(S.A.W.) bonded together the Ansar and Muhajirin to promote brotherhood in them. The
companions also followed his example and treated their fellows in a good way and would
never hurt them or differentiate between them. Muslims today should put into practice this
hadith and treat their fellows the way they, themselves, would want to be treated. They
should not be rude to them, hurt them or talk behind their back or lie to them, Instead, they
should treat them with kindness. Prophet (S.AW.) said,
"The one who is kind to the dwellers of earth, the dweller of heaven is kind to them."
Moreover, all the Muslims should stay united and respect each other, only then can they
work towards creating a healthy community Muslim men are reminded of this bond in
congregational prayers and in the performance of Hall where eryone is just a servant of
Allah. Therefore, one should keep others well-being in mind at all steps and not act self we
are to give charity or donation it should not be from used items rather from the best items
that we would like to have for ourselves.

HADITH 03 SICENCE,NEIGHBOUR,GUEST

‫ ومن كان يؤمن باہلل واليوم‬،‫من كان يؤمن باہلل واليوم اَلخر فليقل خيا أو ليصمت‬

.‫ ومن كان يؤمن باہلل واليوم اَلخر فليكرم ضيفۃ‬،‫اَلخر فليكرم جاره‬

Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak
good or keep silent, and let him who believes in Allah and
the Last Day be generous to his neighbour, and let him who
believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
This hadith briefs the qualities a person who has full faith in the last day and Allah. It
teaches us manners of social conduct -proper use of tongue, being hospitable, and fulfilling
the rights of a neighbour. Anyone who believes in these two, lives his life bearing in mind
that soon he will be accounted for all that he does. Such a person maintains silence mostly
as to not say anything bad or evil which ensures that he is protected from sins. In the Quran,
Allah says:

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 "Not a word does he utter but there is a watcher ready by him
to record it".

A true believer is also kind and generous to his neighbours and completes his rights by
taking care of them. He also treats his guests well and caters them with his best abilities.
Prophet Muhammad reminded us of the high status of one who treats his guest well when
he said,
"...Let the believer in God and the Day of Judgment honor
his guest." Hospitality is not just a characteristic of a Muslim
but being hospitable to His people is a duty to God. This
hadith shows that for a person to complete his faith, these
three characteristics are very important. The reputation of
the phrase "let him who believes in Allah and the Last day"
misuse of our tongue as belief in Allah and the last day are 2 articles of faith and are an
integral part of Islam. This further messes upon the importance and significance of being
good to our neighbours, hospitable to our guests, and avoiding reminds us that we will be
held accountable for everything, hence we must follow the teachings of this Hadith.

AHADITH PASSAGES (02,03,05,06,10) 80. COMMUNAL

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

All actions performed daily, and all actions carried out during the course of life can be
raised to the status of worship simply by doing them as taught by Prophet Muhammad. A
Muslim who knows the value of speech speaks only when nec as it is a form of modesty.
One should make effort to say the things which benefit others and don't inflict harm to
others by talking ill about anyone. From the life of the Prophet (SAW) many examples and
incidents can be observed where he treated his guests kindly and was welcome towards
them. Once a non-believer came to his house and one after the other, drank the milk of 7
goats that the Prophet (S.AW) had not left behind any. Muslims should also follow His
ways and welcome their guests. The least they can do is welcome them and make them feel
at home, also they can present them with good food and provide them with whatever they
need. We must not talk behind their back when the guests have left. With regards to
treatments of neighbours one should keep a favourable environment around one's house
where its adjoining residents should not feel any kind of trouble from it. We should be a
source of comfort and benefit to those surrounding us and those visiting us. Moreover,
following Prophet and his companions' examples, we are directed to share our food and
good things with our neighbours. Aishah (RA) reported: said, "O Messenger of Allah
(PBUH), have two neighbours, to which of them should i send a present?" He (PBUH)
replied, "To the one whose door is nearer to you".

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HADITH 05: CHARITY

‫تعدل بْي اثنْي‬: ‫گل سَلمي من الناس عليه صدقۃ كل يوم تطلع فيه الشمس‬

‫صدفۃ؛ وتعْي الرجل ِف دابته فتحمله عليھا أو ترفع له عليھا مناعۃ صدقۃ؛ والكلمۃ‬

‫الطيبۃ صدقۃ؛ وبكل خطوۃ تمشيھا إٰل الصَلۃ صدقۃ؛ وتميط األذى عن الطريق‬

.‫صدقۃ‬

Every person's every joint must perform a charity every day

the sun comes up: to act justly between two people is a
charity, to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or
hoisting up his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word
is a charity, every step you take to prayers is a charity: and
removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
We come to know from this hadith that charity is an obligation on every believer. It gives
us a broader concept of charity by telling us that it is not confined to spending wealth rather
every act of piety is regarded as charity, therefore, even a Muslim who is not well-off can
perform it. The Holy Prophet (SAW) said.
"Every good deed is a charity". It teaches us that charity is an act of showing concern for
others and helping them by all means, this ensures that every person contributes towards
the betterment of society. Moreover, it tells us that Allah is very kind to his believers
therefore he gives them ease. Even though charity is compulsory for us, we are not
burdened by complicated ways in which it can be performed. Simple acts done with the
intention of helping others also account for charity. Charity in these forms emphasizes a
muslims character and instills in them the urge to be helpful towards others
"Even a smile is a charity."

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Muslims today should perform all their actions with the intension of benefitting others.
They should also fulfill the rights of Allah by performing religious obligations. A positive
rule may be played by helping others and setting their disputes. Even the smallest deeds
must be given importance as they may carry the greatest reward. Prophet (S.AW.) said,
"The best among people is the one who is a source of benefit for the people".

Prophet was kind and helpful even towards his enemies. He even helped the old woman
who pelted him with rubbish on his way to prayer. One can give charity in various ways
such as by spreading knowledge, helping elderly cross a road, or feeding the hungry etc.
Muslim should live his everyday life in a way that he is helpful towards others and is kind

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to them. It would not only bring him happiness and peace of heart but also relieve him of
calamities.

"Give charity without delay, for it stands in the way of

calamity."

HADITH PASSAGES (02,03,05,06,10) P2

COMMUNAL
HADITH 06 EVIL ACTIONS- HAND,TONGUE, HEART

‫ فإن لم يستطع‬،‫ فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه‬،‫ من رأى منكم منكرا فليغيه بيده‬،

.‫ وذلك اضعف اإليمان‬،‫فبقلبه‬

Whosoever of you sees an evil action let him change with

his hand, and it he is notable to do so then with his tongue,
and if he is not able to do so then with his heart, and that is
the weakest of faith.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
In the given Hadith, the holy propriet (PBUH) has made it clear that actively removing or
wanting to eliminate evil from nerever it may rear its ugly head is an essential characteristic
of Muslim's faith. Charging evil by one's hand should be done by those who are able to do
that, such as those in positions of authority and the bodies in charge of such matters in the
areas over which they have been appointed, the ruler in the area over which he has been
appointed, the ge in the area over which he has been appointed, and by a man in his own
house with his children and the members his household, as much as he can. However, if he
is not able to do that, or if changing it with his hand will lead to est fitnah) and conflict,
and if it causes more harm than good, then he should not change it with his hand, rather he
anule change it with his tongue. by speaking out. That will be enough lest changing it with
his hand will lead to a worse that which he is seeking to change. Ater the tongue comes the
heart, Le., hating the evil in one's heart, showing that one hates it and not sitting with those
who do it. All of these come under the heading of changing it with one's heart. There are
many verses which speak of moining what is good and forbidding what is evil; that is
because of the importance of this issue and the great need that exists for it. Allah has
described the believers as denouncing evil and as accepting what is good. He says:

The believers, men and women, are Awliyaa' (helpers, supporters, friends, protectors) of
one another, they enjoin (on the people) Al Ma'roof (L.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that
Islam orders one to do), and forbid (people) from Al Munkar (ie. polytheism and disbelief
of all kinds, and all that islam has forbidden)"

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HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?
The teachings of this Hadith can be implemented by every Muslim in their lives. Although
the scale of influence may change from person to person, however, everyone is required to
play their part in bringing about a positive change in accordance with the laws of Quran
and the whole community. By thinking about bringing a positive change, a Muslim has to
stand up against the evil practices that are being carried around him. Not only this, he can
oppose to the evil act by several methods such as reporting it, reject being a part of it,
distancing oneself from the act, and lastly, rejecting the act in his heart

Moreover, correcting social evils, for instance preventing or reporting against electricity
theft, taking action against cor nuption happening in any organization in the form of bribery
or embezzlement etc could be seen as an act of implement ng the teachings of this Hadith.
It is important to realize that ignoring or allowing any kind of wrongdoing could become
grave problem for the community, no matter how small or insignificant they seem. Muslims
are also advised to help the the who is a victim of injustice, and also stop the one who is
injustice. The holy prophet (PBUH) has said: "The best type of jihad is speaking a true
word in front of a tyrant ruler."

HADITH 10: WIDOW AND POOR WOMAN

‫ أو القائم الليل الصائم‬،‫الساعي عل األرملۃ والمسكْي كالمجاھد ِف سبيل اہلل‬.

.‫النھار‬

One who manages the affairs of the widow and the goor man
is like the one who exerts himself in the way of Allah, or the
one who stands for player in the night or lasts in the day.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
The concept of Huquq Al-Ibad, the rights of the people, is highlighted in this fadith as it
encourages the believers to l the needs of the poor and the oppressed class in the society.
The helping of the poor in distress is worship to Allah and it is as important as obligatory
prayer and fasting. Also, managing the affairs of the needy people is such a prestig ous
deed that it has been placed at par with the person who strives in the way of Allah or who
stands up for prayer at right and fast during the day. The Prophet (PBUH) said to his wife,
"0 Aisha! Love the poor and let them come to you for help. Allah will then surely take you
near Him on the Day of Judgment."
There are two categories which are specifically mentioned in the Hadith: the widows and
the poor, however, the teach ngs can be applied to all those who are vulnerable in the
society it is also made clear that worship is not restricted to Just prayer and fasting, but it
covers every good deed. Additionally, believers who are mindful of the need of others and

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pend their time and resources in helping to manage the affairs of needy and helpless, are
said to be as if they con tantly engaged in the worship of Allah.

HADITH PASSAGES (02,03,05,06,10) COMMUNAL

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?
Allah has created the people in a manner that they remain associated and connected to one
another so that, by this way, they strive to fulfil each other's needs and requirements. At
times a Muslim fails in need of money for his house rent or treatment of disease or requires
a recommendation in order to attain someone's assistance, and what is better than bring
someone who is needy and helpless. Allah wants believers to worship Him by not just
fulfilling the obligations of prayer and fasting, but also by being generous, helpful, and
considerate towards His people. They can do this providing resources for the poor, by
helping in the establishment of social housing for the homeless, providing healthcare to
those who do not have access to it, and supporting the widows and orphans, etc., so that no
one is left behind and all get a fair chance in life.
Giving resources to poor and needy may be a big act, however, even small tasks to assist
another are considered as wor shipping of Allah and are rewarded. An example of these
small acts could be that Hazrat Abu Bakr used to milk the goats and do household chores
of an old widow. Another famous example is of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in which he was
harassed by an old woman who used to throw ruboish at him, when he found out she was
ill and had no one to look after, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) used to take care of her. The
importance of these examples is that any action that is done to help another is the fulfilment
of Allah's and Prophet's (PBUH) teachings. The Holy Quran says,

"So give the relative his right, as well as the needy and the
traveller. That is best for those who desire the countenance
of Allah, and it is they who will be the successful." (30:38)

AHADITH PASSAGES (11,12,14,15,16) COMMUNAL

HADITH 11: ORPHAN

‫ وقال بأصبعيه السبابۃ والوسط‬، ‫أنا وكافل اليتيم ِف الجنۃ ھكذا‬

1 and the man who brings up an orphan will be in paradise

like this. And he pointed with his two fingers, the index
finger and the middle finger.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Islam delegates an immense reward to those who help the less fortunate and distressed and
via this reward system anters great rights to the disenfranchised in society. This hadith, in

294
particular, refers to orphans; the Prophet has issued 30 award for the person who shelters
and cares an orphan, to seek the pleasure and privilege of being as close to the Prophet
(SAW) in heaven as are the middle finger and index finger on the same hand. The Quran
has reiterated the idea aking care of orphans time and time again,
The Prophet said,

"Treat not the orphan with harshness."

"The best home of the Muslim is in which an orphan is
treated well and the worse home of a Muslim is one wherein
there is an orphan who is treated badly."
Islam promates the idea of societal well-being where no single individual needs are
neglected or compromised and in mis specific hadith, the Quran provides a safe haven for
orphans in the Islamic community.

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Orphans should be, first and foremost, treated kindly; they should be provided with food
and with shelter. The Prophet(SAW) said,
"Who's given shelter to an orphan with his food and drink, Allah, will guarantee him
paradise unless he has committed a sin which cannot be pardoned."

This verse emphasizes the prestige of the award granted to those who provide for orphans.
Furthermore, special impor tance is given to the supervision of the property that an orphan
inherits as they are vulnerable and usually young are targeted at the hands of the greed of
the people surrounding them. One is to manage the wealth and property of an orphan to the
best of his own ability. The property should not be mixed with that of his own or changed
or swindled with. The property is to be returned back to the care of the orphan when he
reaches a reasonable age of wisdom. Allah says.
"To orphans restore their property (when they reach their age
nor substitute (your) worthless things Dire punishments
await those who eat property of an orphanfor (their) good
ones and devour not their substance (by mixing it up) with
yours."

HADITH 12: LEADERSHIP-BE GENTLE

‫ وبعث كل‬،‫بعث رسول اہلل( صل اہلل عليه وسلم )أبا موىس ومعاذ ب جبل إٰل اليمن‬

.‫يسرا وّل تعسرا وبشرا وّل تنفرا‬: ‫واحد منھما عل مخَلف ثم قال‬

295
 The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him
peace) sent Abu Musa and Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yaman, and
he sent each of them to govern a part. Then he said: "Be
gentle and do not be hard, and cause rejoicing and do not
alienate.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
All sovereignty belongs to Allah, man is his vicegerent. Leaders and commanders are
appointed to work for the welfare of people by delegating a mammoth amount of power
and control to them, but with such large amount of control, they ad a very thin line between
justice and oppression, between being and agonized by the people or celebrated as a just
nd capable ruler, therefore Islam commands all Muslim rulers to administer to ease and the
comfort of the people without ressing any minority whatsoever, as the Prophet said,
"Give ease and not corrupt, give tranquillity and not
oppression."
wever, simultaneously, it orders leaders and rulers to have a
firm say and command over all irregularities in order to
aintain the societal peace. All in all, Islam propagates the
idea of striking a balance in all things. In positions of power
nd in general, daily routine "be gentle and do not be hard".

AHADITH PASSAGES (11,12,14,15,16) COMMUNAL

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?
A great amount of responsibility rests with each and every leader. They act as a direct
extension of each part of Islamic society, representing their people and kingdoms. They are
charged with the duty of establishing peace and tranquility and providing justice in
accordance with the religious laws set by the Quran. They are also ordered to integrate
them selves into societal cuds that they are aware of all and any faced by people they govern
over in order to have them realize the magnitude of each problem from the perspective of
a layman and solve that problem effectively. The Prophet (SAW) himself was kind-hearted
and loving and these qualities endeared him to the people who accepted Islam as well as
kept them adamant on the path of Islam after his death "It is part of the mercy of Allah that
you deal gently with them, were you severe or harsh-hearted, they would have Striking a
balance also shows consideration to the masses. In one incident, the Prophet (SAW) heard
complaints about broken away from about you."
Muadh bin Jabal having caused the same device of hardship to the people by prolonging
Isha prayer, the Prophet (SAW) was furious on learning this. He went to Muadh bin Jabal
and said,

296
"0 Muadh you are putting the people to trial and repeated it thrice.

HADITH 14: SELLING AND BUYING

‫ وإذا اقتىض‬،‫ وإذا اشَتى‬،‫رحم اہلل رجَل سمحا إذا باغ‬

May God show mercy to a man who is kindly when he sells,

when he buys, and when he demands his money back.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Islam lays down the fundamental principles for trade and business transaction, it provides
guidelines instructing Muslims to be kind and well-meaning in their intentions whenever
they engage in trade or business activities Muslims believe that this honesty and kindness,
which they show in their dealings with their business partners or customers will be
reciprocated on the Day of Judgment when Allah will shower them with kindness and
mercy. Such a prestigious reward is kept for those who are fair and honest in trade because,
the rights of the people (Haqooq-ul-lhad) are highlighted and safeguarded throughout Islam
and anyone who culprits a client or business partner is basically infringing upon that
Haqoog-ul-lbad; therefore Islam lays down such rules which cater to all facets of trading
as an activity. One who protects and abides by such principles awaits a great reward in the
hereafter; the Prophet (S.A.W) said,
"A man used to give loans to the people and used to say to
his servant if the debtor is poor forgive him so thatAllah may
forgive us."

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

A seller should be honest and fair to the buyer by giving proper weight, measurements, and
specifications, Allah says, "Give full measure when you measure and weigh with a balance
that is straight."
Specifications refer to any defects in the merchandise and fairly pricing all sellers. In order
to stop sellers from extorting undue profit. This idea of bargaining concerns both parties,
while the seller should charge a fair price, the buyer should also pay what he owes to the
seller. In reference to the debt and debt collector, it is the responsibility of the indebted to
return the debt as soon as possible and when he is capable. The creditor, on the other hand,
should be lenient and provide as much time as is required by the indebted and provide him
with relief. The Prophet said, "if the debtor is in difficulty, grant him time till it is easy for
him to repay."

HADITH 15: MERCY TO OTHERS

297
 .‫ّل يرحم اہلل من ّل يرحم الناس‬

God will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy
to others.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Kindness is an attribute of Allah and he is benevolent when it comes to being kind and
merciful to each and every individual creation. Similarly we should follow this attribute of
Allah whenever the situation demands and extend kindness, and mercy whenever it is
required so that Allah may reciprocate this sympathy, kindness, and mercy on the Day of
Judgment and have it translate directly to our sins being forgiven because he loves it when
we forgive the same creation he forgave time and time again ever since it was born. The
Prophet said,
"Treat kindly the dwellers of Earth, He who dwells in the heaven will treat you kindly."
Muslims are incentivized to be kind and benevolent in the world in order to reap its benefits
in the hereafter.

AHADITH PASSAGES (11,12,14,15,16) COMMUNAL

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Musims should treat everyone with kindness. This includes not only fellow Muslims but
also infidels and men of all faths and nationalities; irrespective of their cast, color or creed,
even animals deserve kindness and compassion. A woman was cast into hell, as she starved
a cat to death by locking it inside a room, another woman was forgiven as she gave water
to a thirsty dog. The Prophet said

"While a dog was going around a well and was about to die of thirst, an Israeli prostitute
saw it and took off her shoe and watered it. So Allah forgave her because of the good deed."

Kindness can be derived from the most frivolous of things, helping the poor and needy,
looking after one's parents, rela oves or friends or treating one's servants and dependents
kindly, even the deed of meeting someone with a smiling face is considered a good deed,
Hazrat Aisha narrates,
"Kindness is not to be found in anything but that it adds to its beauty and it is not withdrawn
from anything but it makes it defective."

HADITH 16: BELIEVERS SINGLE BODY

‫ وإن اشتكى راسه اشیک گله‬،‫ إن اشتكى عيله اشتكى كله‬،‫المؤمنون كرجل واحد‬

298
 The believers are like a single man; it his eye is affected he
is affected, and if his head is affected he is all affected.

TEACHINGS OF HADITH
Islam propagates sociétal well-being. In order to uphold this principle, the Prophet joined
all Muslims in a bond of broth erhood and fraternity. Uniting the warring tribes of Arabia
and combining many communities, classes, and sects into the singular Islamic community.
This community is incumbent on the welfare of all combining states, therefore each part of
The large body looks after the other in order to protect them and cater to their needs. They
offer sacrifices for each other and face all problems together in order to solve all problems
efficiently while incurring minimal damage by spreading it cut across all Muslim states.
The Prophet said,

"The believers are but a single brotherhood; so make peace

and reconciliation between your two contending brothers."
This hadith compares the Muslim umman to the human body. If any part of the body is
subject to distress, its effects are it throughout the body in the form of a fever and
restlessness. Similarly, if any part of the Muslim community is being sopressed or violated,
the entire Muslim ummah will respond by being sympathetic, associating to their pain as
if it were heir own and therefore acting readily in order to help them and do away with the
pain. This ensures that no part of the samic community is singled out and also strengthens
the Muslim society in general as there is no way for invaders or external influences to
separate and dominate a part of the Muslim world without being threatened by the great
force of re Muslims.

HOW CAN MUSLIMS PUT THEM INTO ACTION?

Isamic laws lay certain responsibilities on all of its members, they must be kind and
compassionate to each other, and bey must alleviate the sufferings of one another and help
them during times of need and difficulty. The Prophet said "Every Muslim is the brother
of a Muslim, he should neither harm him nor should he leave him alone when others treat
him unjustly (he should help him). Whoever will fulfill the need of a fellow brother, Allah
will fulfill his need, and whoever will remove the distress of a fellow Muslim, Allah will
remove his distress on the Day of Judgment, and whoever will hide the faults of a fellow
Muslim, Allah will keep his sins secrets on the day of account."

This same principle is put into effect multiple times in practical society on a global level,
for example, when the Northern slims of Pakistan were distressed due to the plight of the
major earthquake, all of Pakistan retaliated as if the plight ve their own, same goes for
different Muslim states who sent medication, food, water, and funding in order to cater to
problems faced by Pakistan. Another example of this would be the Muslim counties around
the world forming aces and having conferences with Muslim exclusive countries taking

299
part. They also stand up for each other in al forums and speak out in favor of their Muslim
brothers. All of these traits keep Muslim society adamant and ever prevalent.

MAJOR THEMES OF THE AHADITH COMMUNAL

AWRITE ABOUT THE MAIN TEACHINGS OF AHADITH FOR THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSLIMS' COMMUNAL LIFE [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.The Quran is the literal word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, the Ahadith
are inspired statements spoken by he Prophet during his 23 years of teaching but spoken in
his own words.
2. The Prophet described the Ummah as being like "A single body when one part is
afflicted; the other parts feel pain and fever,

3.The Muslim community must be supportive of self and that if there is any problem in one
part of it, this will be felt noughout the rest of the part
4.The first islamic community was knimed in such a way that these teachings were
inculcated in the core of the social strucure .
The Holy Prophet has said: "Religion is sincerity. We said: "to whom?" the Prophet said:
"To Allah, His book, His Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common
people."
5.Basic doctrines of islam go hand in hand with good community life.

6.Sincerity to the rulers and to be of gentle nature to each other is an important as belief in
Allah, Quran and the Holy Prophet
7.The prophet said "If someone among you sees wrong, he must right it by his hand if he
can (deed, conduct, action). If he cannot, then by his tongue (speak up, verbally oppose);
if he cannot, then by his gaze (allent expression of disapproval); and if he cannot, then in
his heart. The last is the minimum expression of his conviction (faith, courage).

8. The Prophet has prescribed upon all Muslims to stop evil actions by all possible means
9.A Muslim's duty to act in defense of what is right is as much part of his faith as is his
duty to oppose wrong

10. Collective morality is expressed in the Quran in such terms as equality, justice, fairness,
brotherhood, mercy, compas sian, solidarity, and freedom of choice.
11. Leaders are responsible for the application of these principles and are accountable to
Allah and man for their administration.

300
12. A sense of responsibility and provision of justice is embedded into the minds of the
Muslims as they follow the doctrines of islam. 13. The Messenger of Allah sent Abu Musa
and Mu'adh on Jabal to Yemen, and he sent each of them to govern apart
14. He said, "Be gentle and do not be hard, and cause rejoicing and do not alienate."
15. One of the basic premises of the relationship among Muslims, and between Muslims
and others, is derived from one of the basic premises of the relationship between a Muslim
and his Creator, namely, forbearance and forgiveness.
16. Muslims are encouraged to forgive the bad deeds of others committed against them.

17. In Islamic community life, Muslims thinking out of their selves and care about other
Muslims. Therefore, a good Muslim is the one who fulfills the social duties.
18. As Prophet Muhammad said: "Every one of you is responsible and every one of you
will be questioned about his responsibility."
ANSWER:
After the Quran, Muslims turn to the great volume of Ahadith as a source of law,
inspiration, and guidance. Essentially. Ahadith comprise the authentic statements and
deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims view the Prophet's role as more than merely
receiving the Quran and conveying it. He was also charged to explain and show how to
live according to the Book's message. Therefore, he expounded on the teachings of the
Quran and showed practically how one fulfils the duties of worship mentioned in the Quran
only in brief. These teachings and details are contained in thousands of Ahadith which we
memorized and written in his lifetime, which are separate from the Quran but alike in what
they teach. The Ahadith, of Prophetic traditions, elaborate on what the Quran mentions in
a general manner. While the Quran is the literal word of God revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad, the Ahadith are inspired statements spoken by the Prophet during his 23 years
of teaching but spoken in his own words
The Prophet described the Ummah as being like,
"A single body when one part is afflicted; the other parts feel
pain and fever."

This Hadith stresses upon the fact that Muslim community has to be supportive of itself
and that if there is any problem in one part of it, this will be felt throughout the rest of the
part. It is the duty of an individual Muslim to keep interests of the community central and
he is not to be too focused on his own wants and needs.
This Hadith sheds a lot of light on the importance of Muslim community life. The first
Islamic community was knitted in such a way that these teachings were inculcated in the

301
core of the social structure. The Holy Prophet has said, "Religion is sincerity. We sald: 'to
whom?' the Prophet said:

"To Allah, His book, His Messenger, the leaders of theMuslims and to their common
people."

MAJOR THEMES OF THE AHADITH COMMUNAL

In this HADITH,Muhammad taught us that the belief in the basic doctrines of Islam go
hand in hand with good comm nye Mareeva being aincere to the ruters and to be of gente
nature to each ether is an important as belet Quran and the Holy Prophet The Prophet once
said,
"If someone among you sees wrong, he must right it by his
hand if he can (deed, conduct, action), if he cannot then by
his tongue (speak up, verbally oppose): if he cannot, then by
his gaze (silent expression of disapproval and if he cannot,
then in his heart. The last is the minimum expression of his
conviction (faith, courage)."
Over here, the Frophet has emphasized upon forbidding the community from digressing
from the path of Alah. The Prophet has prescribed upon all Muslims to stop evil actions by
all possible means. Every Muslim in the recipient, guardian, and executor of will on earth.
A Muslim's duty to act in defence of what is right is as much part of the faith as is his duty
to oppose wrong.
The preservation of social order depends on each and every member of that society freely
adhering to the same moral principles and practices Islam, founded on individual and
collective morality and responsibility, introduced a social revolu tion in the context in
which it was first revealed. Collective morality is expressed in the Quran in terms such as
equality Justice, tairness, brotherhood, mercy, compassion, solidarity, and freedom of
choice. Leaders are responsible for the appli cation of mese principles and are accountable
to Allah and man for their administration. Along with this, a sense of respon sibility and
provision of justice is embedded into the minds of the Muslims as they follow the doctrines
of islam
The Messenger of Allah sent Abu Musa and Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yemen, and he sent each
of them to govern a part Then he said:

"Be gentle and do not be hard, and cause rejoicing and do

not alienate."
One of the basic premises of the relationship among Muslims, and between Muslims and
others, is derived from one of the basic premises of the relationship between a Muslim and
his Creator, namely, forbearance and forgiveness. The element of forbearance and

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forgiveness must be predicated on knowledge, awareness, and truth. Forbearance and
forgiveness depend on the believer's recognition and acceptance of what he has done and
his genuine repentance with an intent not to repeat the misdeed. That is why Muslims are
encouraged to forgive the bad deeds of others committed against thom The Prophet has
said:

"Allah will not show mercy to him who doesn't show mercy
to others."
This shows that in Islamic community life, Muslims think out of their selves and care about
other Muslims. Therefore, a good Musim is the one who fulfils the social duties. As Prophet
Muhammad said:
"Every one of you is responsible and every one of you will
be questioned about his responsibility."

HADITH PASSAGES REFERENC

1.Religion is sincerity." We said: "to whom?" The Prophet said, "To Allah, His Book, His
Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common people.
i.Say he is Allah the One and Only, Allah the Eternal Absolute."
ii.we have without doubt revealed the reminder and we will guard it (from corruption).

iii. for we had certainly sent to them a Book based on knowledge which we explained in
detail a quide and a mercy to all who believe .

iv."Nobody believes till I become dearer to him then his parents, his children and
mankind." v.obey Allah and obey the Apostle and those changed with authority among
you."
vi.Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah...?"
vii."Who obeys my commands, obeys me and whose disobeys the commands disobey me."
2.None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for himself.

i."Whoever wishes to be delivered from the fire, and enter, the garden should die with faith
in Allah and the Last Day and should treat the people as he wishes to be treated by them."
ii.The Muslim society is like a body in respect of mutual love and sympathy, if a limb in a
body suffers pain, the whole body responds to by steeplessness and fever."
iii."Every Muslim is the brother of a Muslim, he should neither harm him, nor should he
leave him alone when; others treat him unjustly the should help him hoever will fulfill the
need of a fellow brother, Allah will fulfill his need, and whoever removes the distress of a

303
Muslim fellow, Allah will remove-tis distress on the Day of Judgment, and however will
hide the faults of a fellow Muslim, Allah will keep his sins secret on the Day of Account."

iv.You cannot enter Paradise, unless you are believers, and you cannot be true, believers
unless there is mutual love between you."
v."That you drive for others, what you desire for 'yourself and do not desire for others what
you do not desire for yourself."
(3)."Let him who believes in Allah and, the Last Day either speak goad or keep silent, and
let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous his neighbor, and let him who
believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest."
i.Not a word does he utter but there is a watch by him ready to record it."
ii.Whoever can guarantee (the chastity of) what is between the two jaw bones and what is
between has two legs 0.e. his tongue and his private parts) arantee paradise for him!"
iii.The Prophet (SAW) said that when a man gets up in the morning, all the limbe humble,
themselves before the tongue and say. Fear Allah for our sake, we are dependent on you,
if you are straight, we are straight were straight, but if you are crooked, we are crooked"
iv."By Allah, he is not a true believer, By Allah he is not a true believes, By Allan he is not
a true believer. He was asked "Who He replied He has not atfirmed faith in one, who eats
to his satisfaction and sleeps comfortably at night while his neighbor goes hungry, and he
is aware of it."

(v) "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, should serve his quest generously. The
guest's reward is, to provide him with a superior type of food for a night and a day and a
guest is to be entertained with food for three days and whatever is offered beyond that, is
regarded as something given in charity. And it not lawful for a quest to stay with his host
for such a long period as to put him in a critical position."
(Vi.)"To keep quiet is better than telling a bad thing."
(vii )."Cultivate the habit of keeping silent much and talk less for it is the domain of faith."
viii) "Treat your neighbor's kindly, then you are of those who believe
(ix) "A Muslim is he from tongue and hand people are safe.

"A Muslim is he from tongue and hand people are safe"

(4)."A man asked the Messenger of Allah (SAW): Do you think that if perform the
obligatory prayers, tast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is wful and treat as forbidden
that which is forbidden and do nothing further, shall enter paradise', He said: Yes."
(I)"Between a person and disbelief is discarding prayer.

304
(ii )."Establish regular prayer for it restrains from shameful and unjustdeeds"
(iii)."Whoever does not give Lip forged speech and evil actions, Allah is hot in need of his
leaving his food and drink.
(iv)"Avold what have forbidden you to do and do your utmost in what I have instructed
you to do."

(V )."Fasting is a shield and protection from the tiro and from committing. Sins." "He
allows them at lawful what is good (pure): and prohibits there from what is bad:
(and quarrel)."

(5) "Every persons every joint must perform a charity every day, the sun. Comes up: to act
justly between two people is a charity: to help, a man with his amount, lifting him onto it
or hoisting up his belonging, on to it is charity; good, Word is a charity every, step you
take to prayers is a charity and removing a harmful thing, from the: road, is charity.
(I).When you smile in your brother's face, or enjoin what is reputable, or forbid what is
Objectionable, or deject sore one who has lost. his way, or help a man who has bad eyes
sight or remove stones, thorns and bones from the road or paw water from your bucket into
your brother's 'it counts to you as "SadaqahAHADITH PASSAGES REFERENCE
(xii)."He who fulfills the need of any of my people to please him, has pleased one and he
has pleased Me. pleases Anahi and he who pleases Allah, will be brought by Him into
Paradise."

(xiii)."Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression and repulse not the beggar

Hadith 11
1 .and the man who brings up on orphan will be in paradise like this." And he pointed with
his two Finger's, the index finger and the middle finger
(1) Abu Talib said to the Quraish "Shall make over to you one who is refuge of the orphan
and protector of the widow?"

(2) The Holy Prophet (SAW) said "The best Muslim house as that in which an orphan is
well treated and the worst Muslim house in hat in which an orphans is ill-treated.
(3) The Holy Prophet (SAW) "The person who tool (care or an orphan and shared his food
and drink with him, Allah will allow him to enter paradise, provided he is not guilty of an
unpardonable sin."
(4) The Holy Quran tells us "treat with kindness your parents and kindred and orphans and
those in need"

305
(1) It is said in the Quran. "And they fell, for the love of Allah, the indigent the orphan the
capture.

2) The Quran also says but it is righteousness to spend of your substance out of love for
him of or your kin for orphans for the needy....
(3) Allah says they ask you concerning orphans say the best thing to do in what is for good
if you mix their affairs with yours, they are your brothers.
( 4) Allah says to orphans restore their property (when they reach their age) nor substituent
(your) worthless thing for (their) good ones and devour not their sub stance by it up) with
your own.rives hard

Hadith 12
The Messenger of Allah (may bless him and give him peace) sent Abu Musa and Mu'adh
ibn Jabal to Yames and he sent each of them to govern a parts. Then he said Be gentile and
do not be hard and cause rejoicing and do not allenate?
1) The Holy Prophet (SAW) said your best rulers are those whom you love, and they love
you
2) Haret Aisha reported that the Messenger of Allah used to pray O Allah he who is
entrusted with authority to rule over my Ummah is hard for them be thos hand with him
and he who is entrusted in any way with the affairs of my Ummah and treats them kindly
show kindness to him .

3) The Holy Prophet (SAW) said Make things easy and do not make them hard and cheer
up people end do not repel them.
4).Anas bin Malik related the Holy Prophet said shall not tell you who is distanced from
hell and from whom Hell is distanco? Everyone who is gentle and kind approachable and
of on easy disposition.
5).The Holy Prophet (SAW) Give ease and not contempt Give tranquility and not
oppression. 6).Allah says it part of the mercy of Allah that you deal gently with them were
you severe of harsh-hearted they would have been broken away from about you.

Hadith 13
He who studies the Ouran is like the owner of camels. If he attends to them, he will keep
hold of them, but if he left them loose, they will go away.
1). Allah says and we have indeed made the Quran easy to understand and remember.

2)The prophet SAW said keep on reciting the Quran for by him in whose had my life is
Ouran runs ways is forgottery faster than camels that are released tom their trying ropes.

306
3). The Holy Prophet SAW said it is bad thing that some of you say have forgotten such
and such verse of the Quran for indeed he has been caused by Alah to forget is so you must
keep reciting the Quran because it escaped from the hearts of men faster than camel do.
4). The Prophet SAW said such a person as recites the Quran and masters it by heart will
be with noble and right can scribe in Heaven) and such a person who exerts himself to learn
the Quran by heart and hell it with difficulty will have a double reward.
5).The Prophet SAW sald who so reads the Quran and commits it to memory and knows
its lawful things as lawful and unlawful their as unlawful, Allah will admit him into
paradise.

Hadith 14
May god show mercy to a man who is kindly when he sells when he buys and when he
demands his money back
1) The Prophet SAW said if the debtor is in difficulty grant him till it is easy for him to
repay.
2 )in another tradition the Prophet SAW said "A men used to give to answer to the people
and used to say to his servant it the debtor is poor forgi that Allah may forgive us so when
he meet Allah (after his death) Allah forgave.

3) The Prophet SAW also said God will protect him from the agonies of Day of Judgment
who allow respite to a poor and indigent person in payment of his debt of writes it off.

4) The Prophet SAW said whoever has claim (like a debt) on a brother which is payable
and 5) Allah says in the Holy Quran Give full measure when you measure and weigh with
a balance that is straight.
6) The messenger of Allah said "when the angle of death come to take possession of the
soul of a man he was asked if he had performed any god in hi world life. The man answered
that in his business dealings with people his attitude was that of mildness and for bareness
he would allow respite is the och As for the poor he would often write off their debts Allah
therefore decreed for him to be admitted to paradise.

Hadis 15
God will not show mercy to him who does not shown mercy to others
1) The Prophet SAW said treats kindly the dwellers of the earth. He who dwells in the
heaven will treat you kindly.

2)The Prophet SAW said A Men felt very thirsty while he was on the way that he came
across a well he went down a well quenched his thirst and come out Meanwhile he saw a
dog panting and licking mud because of Excessive thirst. He said to himself, This dog is

307
suffering from thirst as did so he went down the well again and filled his shoe with water
and watered it Allah thanked him for that deed and forgave him The people said 0 Altan's
apuste is there a reward for no in serving the animals? He replied Yes there is reward for
serving any animals diving being.
3) The prophet SAW said he who is devoid of kindness is devoid of all good.

4) The Prophet SAW said to Aisha (RA) Aisha verity Allah is kind and He loves kindness
and confers upon severity and dose not confer upon any thing else besides it (Kindness)
5) In another tradition the Prophet SAW said it anyone possesses those 3 characteristics
Allah will give him on easy death and bring him into
gentleness towards the week affection towards parents and kindness to staves.
6) The Prophets SAW said every act of kindness is Sadaqah and kindness virtue meeting
your brother with a cheerful face and pouring water from your bucket into your brother's
vessels
7) The Holy Quran Says, "for thou art the best of those who show mercy."

Hadith 16
The Believers are like a single man if his eye is affected, he is affected and if his head is
affected, he is all affected.

1) Allah says and remembers with gratitude Allah's favor on you for you were enemies and
He joined your hearts is in love so that by his grace you SAW said All Muslims are like
the limbs of a men if the eye hurts the whole body feels the pain and, in some way, if
anyone has a brother.
2) The Prophet the whole-body joins in suffering.

3).The Prophet SAW said The Muslims society is like a body in respect of love and
sympathy if a limb in a body suffers pain the whole body respond sleeplessness and fever.
4) The Quran Says the Believers are put a single brother Hood

5) The Prophet (SAW) said Muslim is a brother of another Muslim and they for more
brotherhood .
6) The Prophet (SAW) said one believer is to be another live to (bricks of) a building, each
one is holding and supporting the other.
7) The Prophet SAW said you cannot enter paradise unless you are believers and you
cannot be true believers unless there is reciprocal love among you.

308
8) The Prophet SAW said who so ever removes a wordy grief from a believer Allah will
remove from him one of the grief's on the Day of Judgment.

Hadith 17
Modesty produces nothing but good.
1) The Qurans says come not him to shameful deeds whether open or secret.

2) The Prophet SAW said every religion has a distinctive quality and the distinctive quality
Islam is modesty.
3) The Prophet SAW said Modesty is from faith and faith is in paradise and indecency is
evil.
4) The Prophet SAW said Modesty and faith are companions when one is taken a way the
other follows it.

5) The Prophets SAW said Modesty is the part of the teachings of the previous Prophets
and anyone who lacks a may do whatever he likes.
6) The Quran saya, say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard
their modesty that will make for greater purity for them and Allah is well acquainted with
all that they do and say to the believing women That they should lower their gaze and guard
their modesty

Hadith 18
He who has in his heart as much faith as a grain of mustard seed will not enter hell and he
who has in the heart so much pride as a gre 24 seed will not enter paradise.
1) The Prophet SAW said Alleh the most high says pride in my cloak and greatness My
robe and he who competes with Me is Respect of either d cost him into Hell fire.

2) Allah says and swell not your cheek for pride at men nor walk in insolence through the
earth for Allah loves not any arrogant boaster
3) The Prophet SAW said Allah has revealed to me that you must be humble so that no one
oppresses another and boasts over another
4) The Prophet SAW said whoever said none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and
has in his heart good (faith) equal to the weight of abs be taken out of hell and whoever
said none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and has in this heart good (faith) equal
to the weight of sur taken out of Hell."

Hadith 19
The world is the Believer's prison and the unbeliever's paradise.

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1) The Holy Prophet SAW said the world is the believer's prison and famine, but when he
leaves. The world he leaves the prison and the famine.

2) The Holy Prophet SAW said, there nothing to do with this world. The Parable of me and
this world is like a rider rests in the shade of the tree ,then he pases on and leave it .
3) The Holy Prophet SAW said whoever loves the world shall damage his Hereafter and
whoever love his hereafter, shall damage his world .
4) The Holy Prophet SAW said live in this world as if you here a stronger or a way farer.

Hadith 20
God does not regard your appearances and your possessions, but he regards your hearts
and your actions.
1) Allah says whether you hide what is in your hearts or reveal it Allah Know it all.

2) The Holy Prophet SAW said No Arab has any superiority over a non-Arab and no Arab
has any superiority over an Arab and no while has over a black and no black has my
superiority enter a while expect in the basis of (piety) The most honorable amongst you in
the sight of A most pious and righteous is conduct.
3) The Holy Prophet SAW said He who tells the people hear of his good deeds
intentionally, to win their praise, Allah will let the people known (on the pay of Judgment)
and he who dose good things in public to show off and win the praise of the people, Allah
will disclose his real intention and humilate him).

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH STAGES OF COMPILATION

AUTHENTICITY CLASSIFICATION
A WRITE ABOUT THE MAJOR STAGES OF THE COMPILATION OF HADITH
AFTER PROPHET (PBUH)'S DEATH [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Following Prophet (PBUH)'s death: era of rightly guided Caliphs (close

2. Increase in Newly converted Muslims 3.Muslims wanted to learn a lot more about proper
et company of Prestes he was no longer available.
4. Therefore, they turned to Sahaba who were in direct company of Prophet to learn all
about his traditions and sayings
5. They were in religious and political authority.
6. New converts wanted to hear about Prophet (PBUH) from close companions and
associates.

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7. The companions were the best authority for Knowledge of Ahadith and Sunnah as they
had listened to Prophet PBM

8. Many companions were present in various countries - converts of those areas wanted
authentic information from then
9. Proper learning centers were developed.

10. A person (disciple) would learn all the traditions from one companion and then from
the next, and so on.
11. People were willing to travel to distant places for learning.

12. Anybody with any amount of information regarding tradition and Hadith felt necessary
to share it.
13. Abu Hurairah, Abdullah bin Abbas, Abdullah bin Umar, Anas bin Malik became the
centre to whom people came from different parts of the Islamic empire to gain Knowledge
about the Prophet (pbuh).
14. E.g. Abu Hurairah alone was the single largest source for Ahadith (5400 narrations
almost). He had boxes full of shaifas.
15. Prophet (pbuh) wives were also vital custodians of Ahadith and were approached for
instruction by compan ons. Hazrat Aisha, Hazrat Hafsa, Hazrat umm-e-Habiba, Hazrat
Maymuna and Umme-e-Salamah are among the earliest and most distinguished
transmitters.

16. Another reason: companions with most knowledge were old; they were gradually
dying.
17. Companions preserved the spirit of Prophet's teachings and were a practical example
of teachings of Prophets-their number was decreasing as well.
18. This led to the need of preserving words of Prophet (PBUH) even more.
19. 'Successors of the Companions' had learned all about from companions and were now
leaching as well
20. Preparation of collection of Ahadith under instructions of the Umayyad Khalifa, Umar
ibn Abdul Aziz

21. The Age of Companion (11-100 AH)

22. Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz wrote to the governor of Madina to write down all the
tradition of the Holy Prophet(pbuh).

311
23. There were many companions who undertook long journeys to verify or hear sayings
of Holy Prophet (pbuh)

24. The important works of that period were 1: The works of Shihab Al Zuheri. 2:
Collection of Abu Bakr Al Hazim .
25. The Age of followers of the Companions (Tabaéen 101-200 AH)

26. They had learnt directly from companions. They had records of Sayings, teachings etc
of prophet that they were told by the companions.
27. Al-Muwatta of Imam Malik

28. First organized works: Musannaf (books organized topic wise).

29.Scholars and Hadith critics would use them as evidence for whether the Hadith was an
original one or statement by a companion.

30. The Hanafi and Maliki School of Legal thoughts were formulated during this period in
the light of the Ahadith.
31.By the end of second Century Imam Shafi and Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal also flourished.

32. Age of followers of the followers (Taba Tabaéen 200-300 AM)

33.Musnad of Ibn Hanbal has 27,647 Ahadith (1/4th are repetition of same but from
different source or narration.

34.in this age Prophet's traditions were separated from the reports of the companions and
their successors.

35.Shifting of authentic and weak collections- there were proper standards formed for this.
36 Main focus on recorded chain of witnesses. 37 Experienced and qualified Traditionist
would discriminate carefully amongst authentic and weak.

38 This is Golden age of Traditions. The six authentic books of traditions (al Sahih-al
Sitta) were written.

NOTE:
After the death of the Prophet, interest in Hadith literature increased greatly on two
accounts. Firstly, the number of converts was growing, and they showed great eagerness
to learn as much about the traditions as possible. Moreover, this was the age of the rightly
guided Caliphs. In this age, the Companions had settled in almost all the countries
conquered by the Muslims. People flocked to them to hear traditions from them. Thus, a
number of centers for the learning of tradi tions came into existence with these Companions
as the focus. When a disciple had learned all the traditions, he could trom one Companion

312
go to the next Companion and so on, collecting as many traditions as possible. The zeal of
these discl ples was so great that they undertook long journeys to collect traditions from
different Companions.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH STAGES OF COMPILATION |

AUTHENTICITY | CLASSIFICATION
The Companions and associates were the best authority for knowledge of Ahadith and
Sunnah as they listened to Prophet (PBUH) and witnessed his actions. Every one of them
who had the slightes: knowledge of any incident relating to the Prophets (PBUH) life
deemed his duty to deliver it to another. Individuals like Abu Hurairah, Abdullah bin
Abbas, Abdullah bin Umar, Anas bin Malik and many others became the centers to whom
people resorted from different parts of the Islamic empire to gain knowledge about the
Prophet (PBUH). Hazrat Abu Huraira alone, although young and had known Prophet for
only few years had collected around 5400 narrations. By the time of his death, he had a
huge collection of Sahifas Further to this, the wives of the Prophet (PBUH) were also
looked upon as vital custodians of Ahadith and were approached for instructions by other
companions. Particularly, Hazrat Aisha is one of the most important figures in the history
of Hadith literature.

Secondly, the Companions who knew the Hadith at first hand were gradually passing away.
The close companions were a model of excellence in following Islamic teachings and rather
than just reciting the Ahadith and traditions, they also demon strated it by their actions in
their daily lives. However, their number continued to diminish day by day. Therefore,
people became keener to preserve the precious Hadith literature that had been stored in
their memories. Their passing away made the Ahadith the property of teachers which
taught at various centers. They were known as 'Successors of the Compan ions. At this
stage, the writing of Ahadith became more common. The Umayyad Khalifa, Umar ibn
Abdul Aziz, was the first to issue instructions regarding the preparation of collection of all
available traditions.
After the individual compilations of this period came the Al Muwatta of Imam Malik (716-
795), the first regular work which contained a well-arranged collection of traditions. They
are called Musannaf (books organized topic wise). This came to be accepted as a standard
work as for in it he employed Ahadith together with the Quran to establish points of legal
teachings. In this period, the traditions of the Prophet and his companions, and the decisions
of the Tabiun were col lected together in the same volume. However, it was mentioned
with each narration whether it was that of the Prophet, his companions or of the followers.

Later, there was a shift towards Musnad collections which were arranged according to
isnad. An important and exhaustive collection is that of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (164
AH), founder of the Hanbali School of Law. He compiled Ahadith accord ing to the names

313
of the first transmitters from the Prophet (PBUH). His collection is known as Musnad ibn
Hanbal and contains 27647 Ahadith.contains 27647 Ahadith

The third age of Taba Tabiun, which meant Successors of the successors, Muslims had to
rely on the communication of the next generation. At that time, to recite and memorize the
Hadith was considered to be a great privilege so a great number of Ahadith literature was
collected. In this age the Prophet's traditions were separated from the reports of the com
panions and their successors. Secondly, the authentic traditions were very carefully and
painstakingly sifted from the 'weak traditions and then these were compiled in book-form.
Thirdly, elaborated rules were framed; standards were devised to distinguish the true from
the false traditions in accordance with clear principles.
The main attention of scholars who engaged themselves in the critical scrutiny of Hadith
was given to the recorded chains of witnesses (Isnad); whether the dates of birth and death
and places of residence of witnesses in different generations were such as to have made it
possible for them to meet, and whether they were trustworthy. This activity, to be properly
carried out, involved the authenticity of the text itself; an experienced traditionist would
develop a sense of discrimination, This is the period in which six authentic collections of
traditions were compiled. These works are considered standard works on Hadith and are
known as the six correct books or Sihah-e-Sittah in which Ahadith are collected according
to their subject matter. These included Sahih of Imam Bukhari, Sahih of Imam Muslim,
Sunan of Abu Daud, Jami Tirmizi, Sunan of Nasai and Sunan of Ibn Majah.

Q. METHODS EMPLOYED BY THE COMPILERS OF THE MAJOR BOOKS OF

AHADITH TO ENSURE THEY WERE AUTHENTIC. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Hadith was not initially complled during the life of the Prophet
2. After his death the need arose for the companions to start the compilation

3. During the time of Taba Tabaéen the authenticity was worked upon to find out the
genuineness
4. They made criteria of the parts which made up the Hadith, the Sanad (chain of narrators)
and the Matn (text of the Hadith)
Brief example of Isnad - Imam Malik - Nafi - Abdullah Bin Umar - Prophet (PBUH)
The Holy Prophet said, "Pray as you see me offering prayers." The text/actual words of
the Prophet are called Matn.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH STAGES OF COMPILATION

AUTHENTICITY CLASSIFICATION

314
The Masnad collections gather Hadiths together according to the name of the first
transmitter

They are useful for detecting Ahadith attributed to a particular Companion

The best known Masnad collection is Ibn Musnad.
The Musannaf collections gather Hadiths according to their subject matter.

They are useful for understanding the Prophet's teachings on a particular point of belief or
practice
They are particularly useful in establishing matters of law.

The Isnad (Sanad) quarantees that the Hadith originated from the Prophet.
1.The name, nickname, title, parentage and occupation of the narrator should be known
2. The original narrator should have stated that he heard the Hadith directly from the
prophet and should be a companion
3. if a narrator referred his Hadith to another narrator, the two should have lived in the
same period and should have met the one before and the one after him.

4. The chain should not be broken and should go back to the Prophet.
5. The narrators should be plous, honest and trustworthy Muslims.
6. They had good memory or had written down what they had heard.

7. The narrators should be of an age at which they could understand the full importance of
what they had heard.
8.The narrators should not have been accused of lying or committing a crime.
9. The narrators should not have spoken against reliable people.
The Matn also guarantees that the Hadith originated from the Prophet.

10. Text should be in pure Arabic:

11. Should not be in conflict with Quran and other Ahadith which are more reliable.
12. Should not be against historical facts.

13. Hadith which is against reason or common sense was rejected.

14. Hadith which levelled accusation against the family, or the companions of the Prophet
was rejected .

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15. Hadith reported by large number of people at different times whose agreement on a lie
became inconceivable was accepted.

16. It should not contain expressions uncharacteristic of the Prophet.

ANSWER:
Holy Prophet (PBUH) initially did not guide the compilation of Ahadith during his lifetime
as he did not want people to mix up the Quranic revelations with that of his words but later
when the Companions could distinguish between the two, he allowed it to not only be
written but also memorized and preached forward without any changes. After his death,
many com panions were residing in different countries as the Islam was spreading; this
made the new converts and those who were already Muslims but never in close company
of the Prophet realize the importance of knowing all about the Sunnah and wordings of
Prophet. Furthermore, many companions who had memorized large number of traditions
were gradually dying due to their old age. This also led to the need of compiling Hadith.
Hadith compilation started during the time of Succes sors of Prophet however, it was the
time of Taba Tabaéen that actual method was devised to separate the authentic Hadith from
the weak and fake ones.
A Hadith is composed of two main parts that are quite different from each other: the Sanad
(chain of narrators) and the Matn (text).
Sanad is the list of narrators leading back to the Prophet (PBUH) provided that one narrator
transmits it from another and then to another. In fact, it is called the Isnad, "the chain of
narrators". The first transmitter in the chain must be the com panion of the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) who had actually heard the sayings from the Prophet himself. The value of a
Hadith depends very much on the integrity and trustworthiness of its narrators, the Ruwat
(Rawi) who must be adult, sane, Muslim, and of good memory to ensure that he delivers
the exact words of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The dates of birth and death of each
transmitter in the chain should be overlapped. Moreover, the chain should directly link
back to the Prophet and must not be broken or vague in any way. The narrator should not
have been accused of or proven guilty for a crime or for lying. The same applies to all the
people in the chain (the transmitters).
An example of Isnad could be that Imam Malik relates a Hadith from his teacher Nafi who
relates it from his teacher Abdullah bin Umar who says he heard it from the Prophet
(PBUH). There were several methods employed to check the authenticity of Isnad.
To explain in detail, the first transmitter in the chain must be a companion of the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) which means that he could have heard the Prophet (PBUH) speak and
could have seen him performing various actions, Rigorous testing of the links between the
individuals has helped Muslims to be certain of authenticity of Hadith. Moreover, each
transmitter.

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HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH TO STAGES OF COMPILATION
AUTHENTICITY CLASSIFICATION
in the chain, known as Rawi, must be an honest, upright, and strong Muslim This means
that he should report exactly what he has learnt from his teacher and does not use his own
words. This allows for the transference of the genuine radi Furthermore, the narrator must
be of an age in which he can understand the Hadith which he is delivering He should be
able to understand what he is reporting and how changing of words can change the ideas
in it. Due to this, regns children were not considered authentic and therefore, not accepted.
Lastly, the dates of birth and death of each tran in the chain should be overlapped with the
person before and the person after him. This means that this individus cous have met the
person who was before him in time and heard him relating the Hadith. He could also have
met the person after him and related the Hadith to him Thus, there must be no gaps or
weaknesses in the chain to ensure that adm is authentic.
The Matn is the text in the Arabic dialect of the Quraish; the main part of the Hadith, the
verbal part with which the Sanad ends. It is accepted as authentic if it is not contrary to the
previous Ahadith which were accepted as correct by the author ties. An example of Matn
is the saying of the Prophet (PBUH): "Pray as you see me offering prayers.

The Matn as a report or as an act or statement of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) helps to build
the picture of his teachings and thus, a base for Islamic rites and beliefs. There are several
methods used for the authenticity of the text of Ahadith.
First of all, the Matn is accepted as authentic if it is not contrary to the previous Ahadith
which were accepted as correct by the authorities. Secondly, it should not be against the
common sense, laws of nature and any historical facts. Thirdly, should not contradict the
Quran or the main principles of Islam. Fourthly, it should not accuse the Prophet's (PBUH)
family or companion and should not promise high rewards for insignificant deeds or order
punishments for small errors. Moreover, the Matn should not be accepted if the narrator
himself confesses that the Hadith is fabricated. Lastly, the Matn should be in the Arabic
dialect of the Quraish and should not contain expressions uncharacteristic to the Prophet
such as cursing and abusing.
To verify the authenticity, it was also a practice to accept those Hadith that were narrated
by many companions and had dif ferent chain of narrators as this would prove that it was
genuine. Each Hadith was graded according to the quality of the text and the reliability of
its narrators. These were the Sound Hadith (Al-sahih), the Good Hadith (Al-Hasan), and
the weak Hadith (Al-Daif).

All in all, the major collectors of Hadith used strict and careful methods to ensure that
Ahadith which they accepted were authentic and reliable. authentic and reliable.

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A. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF AHADITH? HOW IS EACH
HADITH CLASSIFIED INTO DIFFERENT TYPES? [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Two types of Hadith
2. Qudsi are known as divine hadith, those related by Holy Prophet (PBUH) from Allah
(apart from the Quranic reve lations)
3. Qudsi are divine in nature, but not part of the Quran.
4. Report of what Allah said but not words of Allah.

5. Hadith Nabwi. The original words of the Holy Prophet PBUH or what has been
generally recognized as "Hadits"
6. They are sayings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
7. The isnad guarantees that the Hadith originated with the Prophet SAW.
8. transmitter (rawl) must be honest and upright
9. He must be a strong Muslim.

10. He must have a good memory.

11. Each transmitter must have known the transmitter before him, and also the transmitter
after.

12. The first transmitter in the chain must be a Companion of the Prophet.
13. There must be no gaps or weaknesses in the chain.

14. The Matn must agree with the teachings of the Quran.
15. It must also agree with the main body of reliable Ahadith.
16. It must also agree with common sense and what is reasonable.

17. It should not praise any individual or place.

18. It should not give precise details of events that occurred after the Prophet's time.
19. It should not contain expressions uncharacteristic of the Prophet(SAW)

20. Compilers ensured that there was no conflict between the Hadith and the teachings of
the Quran, e. both the Quran and Hadith were in conformity and taught the same lessons.

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HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH STAGES OF COMPILATION
AUTHENTICITY CLASSIFICATION
21.Could be added that they compared the body (Matn) of the Hadith with reason.,
22 the Quran and other Hadith to ensure that they agreed with the primary Islamic teaching.
23. Could be further elaborated to state that they ensured the chain of transmitters (isnad)
was unbroken and that the ransmitter was a person of sound mind, good memory and
upright character.
24. Classification of Hadith

Keep in view, all hadith are just hadith until we specify them, these types mentioned below
refer to the authenticity
•Sahih (authentic) all of whose narrators in the Sanad and Matn have fulfilled the required
conditions.
•Hassan (approved) is like a Sahih tradition except for the fact that some of the narrators
are considered defective in memory in comparison with narrators of Sahih tradition.

•Da'lf (weak) weakness is one of discontinuity in the Isnad, in which case the Hadith could
be broken, hanging, perplex ing or hurried; disparaged character, such as due to his telling
lies, excessive mistakes, opposition to the narration of more reliable sources

•Maudhu (Fabricated) text goes against the established norms of the Prophet's sayings, or
its reporters include a liar.

25. With regards to their acceptance classified further into two:

Mutawattir and Ahad (which further has 3 types)
1.Mutawattir: (in words or meanings); reported by a large number of people in different
times whose agreement on a lie became inconceivable - (Authentic)
2.Ahad (single) had broken chain of narrators. If their narrator was truthful only then they
were accepted. Further classified into:

a) Mashhur (well-known): narrated by three narrators at every age

b) Aziz (Strong): had two narrators in all ages
c) Ghareeb (Rare): had single narrator at a particular time period.

ANSWER:
after the Quran, the Hadith is the most important binding authority in Islam; and if anyone
wants to succeed on the Day of udgment, then he must follow the Quran and Hadith
together. Primarily, there are two types of Hadith which are known as adith-e-Qudsi and

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Hadith-e-Nabawi. Hadith-e-Qudsi is speech of Allah dictated by the Prophet (PBUH), but
not part of Quran. For instance, He, who obeys the messenger, obeys Allah."

whereas, Hadith-e-Nabawi is the reports of the sayings, actions and tacit approvals of the
Prophet (PBUH) himself such as
"He who memorizes Quran is like an owner of tethered
camels. If he attends to it he will keep hold of them, If he lets
them loose, they will go away."
Hadith-e-Nabawi is compiled on the basis of strict checking in the Sanad (chains of the
narrators) and Main (the text) of the Ahadith.
A Hadith is composed of two main parts that are quite different from each other: the Sanad
(chain of narrators) and the Matn (text). Sanad is the list of narrators back to the Prophet
(PBUH) provided that one narrator transmits it from another and then to another. In a sense,
this part is the chain of narrators so it is called the Isnad, "the chain of narrators". The isnad
guarantees that the Hadith was originally heard directly from the Prophet (PBUH). The
first transmitter in the chain must be the companion of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The
value of a Hadith depends very much on the probity and trustworthiness of its narrators,
the Ruwat who must be adult, sane, Muslim, and of good memory to ensure that he delivers
the exact words of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and does not turn it into his own words. The
dates of birth and death of each transmitter in the chain should be overlapped. There must
be no gap in link of transmitters.
The Matn is the text in the Arabic dialect of the Quraish; the main part of the Hadith, the
verbal part with which the Sanad ends. It is accepted as authentic if it is not contrary to the
previous Ahadith which were accepted as correct by the authori ties: should not contradict
the Quran or the main principles of Islam. Moreover, it should not be against the common
sense, aws of nature, historical facts, should not accuse the Prophet's (PBUH) family or
companion, and should not promise high rewards for insignificant deeds or order
punishments for small errors.
The Ahadith is divided into four categories according to the qualifications of the Ruwat.

Sahih (Correct; True) is a Hadith all of whose narrators in the Isnad have been praised for
their trustworthiness, knowl edge, correct way of narration etc. It is a Hadith which free of
any kind of fault related by several continuous chains of various transmitters with more
than one first recorder. This means we can be certain that the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
actually.

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HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH STAGES OF COMPILATION |
AUTHENTICITY | CLASSIFICATION
said or did what was reported in the tradition. The second type is the Hasan (Approved)
Hadith, all of whose farrators are known and have no confusion in names. This type of
Hadith has a few in the narrator. It is like a Sahih tradition except that some of the narrators
are said to have had substandard memory. Third type is the Da'it (Weak) Hadith which do
not quality as approved or Hasan. This is because of the break or weakness in the isnad; in
which case the Hadth could be broken, hanging, or confusing. Furthermore, a narrator in
the link is said to have a questionable character which could be due to dishonesty or his
making excessive mistakes in reporting, opposing other reliable sources or not having met
the person he is reporting. Fourth type is called the Maudhu (fabricated) Hadith. It contains
text which is not reliable as it either has some lie that goes against Quran or other authentic
Hadith or it was reported by a liar. These type of Hadith could also have some evidence
against them which could be in the form of disagreement in the dates or times of the
reported incident.
As has been mentioned earlier, a Hadith consists of a Sanad (chain of narrators) and a Matn
(text). If a Hadith is classified as Da'if (weak), it means that that particular Sanad is weak.
But that same text might have been narrated somewhere else with Sahih or Hasan thus the
value of Hadith will change accordingly.

Hadith is also classified into "Mutawattir" and "Ahad" categories based on the number of
its isnad Mutawattir (Consecutive) means a Hadith narrated at every stage by so many
people that the very number of narrators is enough to create a conviction of its truth. It is a
tradition which has been transmitted from several narrators, so that it is impossible that it
should have been forged. There are two kinds of this Hadith: Mutawattir in meaning in
which the nar rators use different wordings but there is a common factor in all narrations,
and Mutawattir in words which is a hadith, which is narrated by all narrators with the same
wording. An example of Mutawattir is the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) which
was reported by many in different times, making it authentic.

On the other hand, the second main category of Hadith based on the number of narrators is
Ahad (Isolated). Every Hadith, whose narrators are not so many as to make it Mutawattir,
is called Ahad. The chain of narrators was broken or traditions that were less widely
accepted, they were therefore less authentic. However, if the narrators were truthful and
honest, they were accepted otherwise rejected. An example of this is when the Hadith
attributed to Hazrat Abu Bakr regarding kissing of thumb during Azan was rejected since
it only had one reporter. Ahad is divided into three subdivisions namely Mashhur, Azeez,
and Ghareeb.
Mash'hur (Famous) is a Hadith which is related by more than two individuals at a thine
period; it is known publicly by a great majority of people and is narrated by three narrators

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at each stage. Aziz (Strong or Corroborative) is the one having only two reporters in its
Isnad in different times. Lastly, Gharib (Strange) is a saying of Holy Prophet (PBUH) with
only one narratur in its Isnad at a single time period.

A. WRITE THE MAIN FEATURES OF 4 AUTHENTIC COLLECTION OF SHI'A

HADITH. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
,•Shia community of Muslims have different books of collection of Ahaoith than the Sihah-
e Sitta (The six authenic books).

•Authentic books of Shia's were also compiled; there are 4 major books (Kutub) called as
Al-Kutub al Arbaa.
They are as follows:

1Al-Kai fi ilm al Deen (the sufficient in the science of religion); it was compiled by
Muhammad Yaqub Kulayil,
1. It has further three divisions:

2. First: Usool al-Kafi; concerned with the principles of religions.

3. Second: Furu al-Kafi; concerned with the details of the religious law.
4. Third: Rawdat al-Kafi, concerned with the various religious aspects

5. They contain comprehensive collection of traditions

Man la Yahduruh al-Faqih (one who has no legal expert present): written by Abu Ja'far
Muhammad All, commonl known as Sheikh al Saduq
•compilation of jurisprudential Hadith
Has 4 volumes

Helps ordinary Shia Muslims

Isnad is missing- summary of legal tradition
2. Tahdhib-al-Ahkam (the revision of judgements): written by Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn
Hassan Tusi
3. Comprehensive collection of traditions
Rulings of Jurisprudence

• Practical regulations of carrying out Shariah Law

• Categorization start with Purity, end with blood money

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Harmonize the Hadith that are authentic and that contradict each other.

P HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH STAGES OF COMPILATION

AUTHENTICITY CLASSIFICATION
NOTES
3.Al-Istibsar (the perspective): written by Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Hassan Tusi who died
in 389 AH
1. Methods are similar to Tahdhib-al-Ahkam but brief
2. Not many traditions; concise explanations 3.Gives full Isnad for traditions

ANSWER:
Al-Kutub al-Arbaa is the four books of Hadith regarded as reliable by the Shi'as. The Four
Books are named as Kitab al-Kafi, Man la yahduruh al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, and Al-
Istibsar.
Kitab al-Kafi was written by Yaqub al-Kulayni (329 AH) which contains 15,176 Ahadith.
Man la yahdur al-Faqih is by Shia scholar Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh
al-Qummi, commonly known as Ibn Babawayh or Sheikh al-Saduq which consists of 9,044
Ahadith.
Tahdhib al-Ahkam and Al-Istibsar were written by Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan Tusi
which includes 13,590 and 5,511 Ahadith, respectively.
Al-Kafi is the Written in the 10th century. It is the earliest and most important compilation
of traditions from Prophet Muhammad and his successors. Al-Kafi is written by
Muhammad Ibn Yaqub known as Sheikh Kulayni. He died in 329 AH, L.e. the last year,
of minor occultation. The numbers of its Ahadith according to the present published copy-
is 15,176 Hadith which is more than the Ahadith of all the Six Authentic Sunni books of
Hadith. This book is divided into three sections. The first is Usool al-Kafi which is
concerned with the principles of religions. The second section, Furu al-Kafi, is concerned
with the details of the religious law. The third section is Rawdat al-Kafi, which is concerned
with the various religious aspects and includes some writings of the Imams. All the Ahadith
in this book must be individually examined through the science of Hadith, i.e., Isnad and
Matn..
The second book is Man la Yahduruh al-Faqih which is compiled by Sheikh al Sadug or
Ibn Babawayh. The book consists 5963 Hadith in which 2050 of them are Mursal. It is the
compilation of jurisprudential Hadith that its author regarded nem as reliable and has given
his verdicts accordingly. It is published only in four volumes. The literal translation of the
e is "For him not in the Presence of Jurisprudence" and is mainly concerned with the

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religious law. This book is to help ordinary Shi'a Muslims in the practice of the legal
requirements of Islam. Generally, the isnad is absent, thus making this pook a summary of
the study of legal traditions.
The third Hadith collection, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, was compiled by Abu Jafar Muhammad
Ibn Tusi in 460 AH. The Hadith I contains are also mainly related to jurisprudence. Abu
Jafar Muhammad Ibn Tusi compiled this work by the order of Shaykh al-Mufid as a
commentary to al-Mufid's al-Muqni'a. In it, al-Tusi discusses rulings of jurisprudence
ranging from surity to blood money. The literal translation of Tahdib al-Ahkam is "The
Refinement of the Laws In Terms Of the Explana son of the Sufficiency". It is clear from
the words of the author that his work would only concern the practical regulations or
carrying out the Shariah. He said, "I went first to the chapter which was connected with
ritual purity, leaving aside the (chapters) which preceded it, which were about the Unity of
God (Tawhid), Justice, Prophethood and the Imamah, because the explanation of these
would be too lengthy, and also because it was not the intention of this book to eluci date
the principles of religion (al-usul)."
The last book, Al-Istibsar, was compiled by Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Tusi after he
compiled Tahdhib al-Ahkam. It is somewhat a summary of the mentioned book. The
methods are similar and rather brief. There are not so many traditions used in the work and
the explanations are more concise. It consists of 5,511 Ahadith. In this work he has
collected only those Ahadith relating to jurisprudence which apparently contradicts each
other. Like other jurisprudence references, the categorization of topics in this book begins
with purity and ends with blood money. Under each topic, he first mentions the Ahadith he
regards as authentic, and then mentions the ones that apparently contradict them, and
finally, attempts to har monize them, In many ways this book 'Al-Istibsar' is closer to Man
la Yahduruh al-Faqih, although unlike the latter. It gives full Isnads for the traditions
quoted in it.
However, it is possible to say that al-Kafi and Tahdhib al-Ahkam represent comprehensive
collections of traditions, while Man la Yahduruh al-Faqih and Al-Istibsar are books
intended to be used as ready reference works for students and scholars.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH

4. HOW IS HADITH USED AS A SOURCE OF GUIDANCE BY MUSLIMS IN
THEIR THOUGHTS AND ACTION
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Ahadith/Sunnah compliment the Quran.

2. Sunnah is the way of life. Prophet (SAW)

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is the role model for Muslims and whatever he said or done should to be followed without
question.

3. Allah has commanded, "Obey Allah and obey the Prophet(SAW).

4.One's religion cannot be completed if he does not follow the Sunnah of the Prophet as
it has been asked by Alto ke guidance from the Prophet(SAW).

5 "Whatever the Prophet gives you take it, whatever he forbids you refrain from it"
6. Quran provides directions to do things and Hadiths provides the way of implementing
the directions by the acts of Holy Prophet(Saw)

7.Holy Prophet said, "Behold! I have been given the Book and a similar thing (Sunnah)
along with that .
8.Generally, scholars believe that both the sources are closely related to each other as
Hadith provide more detail information regarding the simple directions in the Quran.
9. Hadith is counted as a second source of Islamic law.
10. It is used in a very wide serise as including not only the decisions and percepts of the
prophet(s) but also His conduct and practice. 11. There are many verses in the Holy Quran
which justify Hadith as a source of Islamic law and guidance. Some of these are, "He who
obeys the messenger obeys Allah" (4:80)

12. "You have indeed in the messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern of conduct" (33:21)
13. The Prophet(s) declared, "Behold I have been given the book and a similar thing
(Sunnah) along with that"
14. The Prophet(s) have also said, "My words are not contrary to the words of God, but the
words of God can contradict mine"

15. The whole superstructure of Hadith is based on the verses of the Quran revealed
gradually over a period of 22 years, 5 months and 14 days. The following instances will
illustrate how these two parts i.e. Quran and Hadith interplay and function for the purpose
of legislation.
16. The Hadith supplements the legal provisions of the Quran.
17. Hadith gives detailed explanation of Quranic laws. Quran provides basic information.

18. Example of theft with regards to Quran and Hadith.

19. Example of Property; Hadith may have certain exemptions to general rules.
20. It is difficult to understand Quran without Hadith.

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21. "O you, who have believed, obey Allah and obey the messenger and those in authority
among you. And disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and His messenger, if you do
believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the [way) and most suitable for the final result...
(al-Nisa, 4:59)
22.ljma and Olyas when Quran and Sunnah are silent.

23. Example of compilation of Quran.

24. The Prophet said, "My community will never agree upon an error."
25. Fourth source is Qiyas; also dependent upon the primary sources.

26. Qiyas is the analogical reasoning whereby one thing is compared to another that is
similar to it in Sharia

ANSWER:
Duran is the word of God however it can be seen that Ahadith and Sunnah of prophet
compliment the Quran in all matters
of life and are regarded as a source of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence. They show Muslims
how to put their faith into practice, providing a foundation for their faith and serve as an
authentic source of Islamic Law. It is the basis on which Muslims can do their reasoning
(thoughts) and also perform their religious, social, economical duties (actions). Sunnah and
Ahadith are a complete code of Life.
Hadith is a record of the traditions or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), revered
and received as a major source of religious law and moral guidance, second only to the
authority of the Holy Quran. It might be defined as the biography of Muhammad
perpetuated by the long memory of his community for their exemplification and obedience.
The development of Hadith is a vital element during the first three centuries of Islamic
history, and its study provides a broad index to the mind and ethos of Islam. The holy
Quran justifies Hadith as a source of Islamic law. It says:
"For you the life of the Prophet (PBUH) has got model of behavior." (33:21)
The whole super structure of Hadith is based on the verses of the Quran revealed gradually
during the period of 23 years. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) (PBUH) has said:

"My words are not contrary to the words of God, but word of God can contradict mine."
HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH THOUGHTS & ACTIONS
As Allah has said, "Obey Allah and obey the Prophet. Therefore, following Prophet is
actually acting soon command of Allah. A Muslim becomes a true believer and gains
Allah's mercy and rewards only if he completely fo the Quran and the messenger.
"Whatever the Prophet gives you take it, whatever he forbids you refrain from

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Even though Quran has outlined the pathway a Muslim should follow however, Hadith
fully explains it in detail and she way in which it should be performed. Holy Prophet said,
"Behold! I have been given the Book and a similar bing (Sunnah) along with that." The
experts it is unanimously agreed upon that both are so closely related to each one Prophet
Hadiths could be used as a further explanation for the general instructions mentioned in the
Quran.
There are numerous illustrations which depicts how Quran and Sunnah interplay and
function for the purpose of legisation

Quran is aimed at establishing basic standeeracting, however some of theming these

communities in terms of their rghts and obligations. The rulings of Quran the living
example of Ouran. To exem are not in depth therefore, we need to to of of Quran is general
whereas Hadith makes it specific and particular. Moreover, the Hadith may add and
supplement the legal provisions of the Quran. The Quranic Injunctions are implicit whereas
Hadith may them explicit by providing essential elements and detailFor example, in the
Quran, Allah instructs the believers to offer Salah and pay Zakat. It says: "And establish
worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship)."(Al-
Baqarah 2:43)

And also in another verse, it states:

"You shall observe the Contact Prayers (Salat) and give the obligatory charity (Zakat) and
bow down with those who bow down." (2:43)
However, in order to obey these instructions correctly, one must study the methodology of
the Prophet in this regard Among his many clarifications concerning Salat and Zakat, he
instructed his followers saying:
"Pray as you see me praying" (Al-Bukhari)
should be given as Zakat."Pray at Not only this Holy Prophet (PBUH) also specified that
2.5% of surplus wealth, inated for s year, should be g There are a number of authentic
Ahadith in which the Prophet gave specific instructions concerning the hem Ties on which
Zakat was due, as well as the it is due.

Further to this, Hadith qualifies the absolute declarations of the Quran: The Quran says that
the hands aft be cut Holy Prophet (PBUH) qualified this injunction with the condition like
the person should not be a lunate be sane.

Moreover, Hadith also makes certain exceptions to the general rules as laid down by the
holy Quran. The Quran me laration in general that one may bequeath one's property by will
in the manner one likes Hadith has created in the rule that one cannot make a will in favor
of one's heirs.

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The Prophet's sayings and actions were primarily based on revelation from Allah and, as
such, must be consider mental source of guidance second only to the Quran. Therefore, the
Hadah represents a personal source of divine an which Allah granted His Prophet (PBUH)
which was similar in its nature to the Quran itself. In the words of the Guarante relationship
between Quran and Hadith is that of Book and Light.

The Quran also allows it's followers to apply its basic principles to counter new issues,
keping the rulings of the Dir and Ahadith as the quiding principles, with this we can make
it as basis for lima and Diyas The Quran states: "O you have believed, obey Allah and obey
the messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagrts on anything, refer it
to Allah and His messenger, if you do believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best
way) ted most suitable for the final result... (Al-Nisa, 4:59)

lma should only be referred to when both the Quran and Sunnah are silent. Ijma
characterizes the beitels of Islam followed by all Muslims. Example of lima is the
compilation of Quran by the lima of the companions. The Prophet said. "My comm nity
will never agree upon an error."
Furthermore, Qiyas is the analogical reasoning whereby one thing is compared to another
that is similar to it in State. The Prophet has given the approval of exercising Olyas, the
example of which is that of Muadh bin Jabal when Propnet aske him if he did not find an
answer in Quran and Sunnah what he will do Hazrat Muadh replied that he would use his
own judgement to which Prophet agreed.
In conclusion it could be said that all sources of Islamic Law are dependent upon the
teachings of Quran and Hadith elabo rated on Quranic teachings.

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH SUNNAH IN LEGAL THINKING

LIVE EXAMPLES TO SHOW HOW SUNNAH AND HADITH OF PROPHET IS
USED IN LEGAL THINKING

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Primary Source of Islamic Law: Hadith along with Quran.
2.Sunnah literally means the sayings and the actions of the Prophet or the approval of
others' actions.
3.All 3, the Qoul, Fayl and the Taqreer relate to Sunnah.
4.Sunnah is the way of life. Prophet is the role model for Muslims and whatever he said or
done should be followed without question .
5.Allah has commanded, "Obey Allah and obey the Prophet(SAW).

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6.One's religion cannot be completed if he does not follow the Sunnah of the Prophet as it
has been asked by Allah to guidance from the Prophet(SAw).

7.Sunnah also tells which is recommended and preferable although not obligatory upon a
Muslim. Performing those recom ended actions gets a Muslim extra reward and mercy of
Allah.

8."Whatever the Prophet gives you take it, whatever he forbids you refrain from it."
9.Quran provides directions to do things and Hadiths provides the way of implementing
the directions by the acts of Holy Prophet(SAW).

10 Holy Prophet said, "Behold! I have been given the Book and a similar thing (Sunnah)
along with that."
11: Generally, scholars believe that both the sources are closely related to each other as
Hadith provide more detailed nformation regarding the simple directions in the Quran.
12: One of the examples of the usage of Hadith and Quran together is Zakat.
13. Zakat is the charity money, which is one of the five pillars of Islam.

14. Zakat is as important as it's the fourth pillar of Islam, as Quran states about Zakat, "And
be steadfast in prayer, give the charity tax, and bow down your heads with those who bow
down." (2:43)

15.Holy Prophet said about Zakat, "Abu Sa'id al-Khudri narrated that the Messenger of
Allah said: No charity tax due on property mounting to less than five Uqiya and no charity
tax is due on fewer than five camels, and there is charity tax on fewer than five Wasq."
According to al-Bukhari, Sahih, Book 24: The book of zakat, the two words Ulya and wasq
are measure of weight .
17. The Sunnah gave the guidelines regarding Zakat and made it clear for the Muslims
whether they are entitled to pay the charity or not.
18 Second example of the use of Hadith and Ouran is financial dealings especially Riba.
3. 19.Riba is the interest received on the loans, which is prohibited in the Quran.
20. The Quran says regarding Riba, "They say, trade is like interest, and Allah has allowed
trade and forbidden interest

21.Quran is generally forbidding Riba, but it is clearly explaining the types of business
transactions that comes under Riba which is done by Sunnah.
22. The Hadith reported Holy Prophet saying. "From Jabir. The Prophet, may cursed the
receiver and the payer of terest, the one who records it and the two witnesses to the

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transaction and said: "They are all alike in guilt). Muslim; also, in Tirmidhi and Masnad
Ahmad)."

23. This hadith used together with the Quran provide guidelines to the Muslims regarding
Riba.
24. Further example, Surah Maida verse 38, "As for the thief, male or female, cut off his
or her hand, an exemplary punishment from Allah for their crime. Allah is Mighty, Wise."
25. In this example, Allah has instructed to cut the hand of a person who steals or does
theft. However, it is not mentioned how many hands should be cut or for how much of
stealing.
26.The Prophet(SAW) explained it, "The hand should be cut off for (the theft of) a quarter
of a dinar or more." (Bukhari)

27.Another example is law of inheritance - Quran states, "It's the duty of a believer who
owns property to make a will when he (or she) is near death, and he should bequeath fairly
to his parents and next of kin. This is binding upon
veryone who is mindful (of their duty to Allah)." (2:180)
28.The Prophet added to the law of inheritance by saying that, "A Muslim may not inherit
from a non-Muslim, nor a non-Muslim inherit from a Muslim." (Bukhari)

29 the value the Sunnah in helping Muslims fulfil the requirements of their Imaan cannot
be over stated overstated.

30. Without Sunnah, Muslims will not even be able to carry out their obligatory prayers.
31. Allah has asked Muslims to pray, "Verily am Allah: there is no god but I: so, serve thou
Me, (only) and establish regular prayer for celebrating My praise." (Surah Taha, 14)

32. The method of prayer can only be learnt from Sunnah and Hadith.
33. Prophet said, "Pray as you see me praying." And "No prayer is complete without Al-
Fateha."

34. In the case where Quran is completely silent, the Hadith takes over and forms the entire
law independently.
35. General laws regarding inheritance are stated in the Quran, however, the question of
whether wealth can be inherited from a Non-Muslim remains unanswered. The Hadith says
regarding this topic, "A Muslim may not inherit from a Non-Muslim, nor a Non-Muslim
inherit from a Muslim."

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HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITHANE TRAYAN SUNNAH IN LEGAL
THINKING MET
26 Quran and Hadith both also help supporting the use of lima and Qiyas to derive law in
case both Primary sources aresilent on a matter.
37. Both Quran and Sunnah should be considered in taking a decision, since without either
of them, decision would be incomplete.
ANSWER:
islam is a religion of perfection which provides its followers with a complete code of life.
A Muslim has been provided al the guidelines to live his life in a manner which is
preferable, and which attains a Muslim the status of a true and practicing Musam. Allah
sent down his messenger, Prophet Muhammad for the guidance of his men. The messenger
brought forth the message of Allah in the form of Quran and his own actions and sayings
(which were Allah's commands but not mentioned in Quran). Therefore, Hadith and
Sunnah form the basis of all the Islamic laws together with Quran.
The sayings and the actions of the Prophet or the approval of others' actions are actually
called the Sunnah. The Sunnah includes the sayings (Ooul), the actions (Fayl), and the tacit
approval (Taqreer) of Holy Prophet All these are referred to as Sunnah and it stands second
to Quran as it is in fact, a lens through which Quran could be understood and comprehended
in detail. This is held in high esteem and importance by all Muslims across the world as a
source of guidance for all aspects of their lives. As Allah has said, "Obey Allah and obey
the Prophet. Therefore, following Prophet is actually acting upon the command of Allah.
A Muslim becomes a true believer and gains Allah's mercy and rewards only if he
completely follows the Quran and the messenger. "Whatever the Prophet gives you take it,
whatever he forbids you refrain from it."
Even though Quran has outlined the pathway a Muslim should follow however Hadith fully
explains it in detail and tells the way in which it should be performed. Holy Prophet said,
"Behold! have been given the Book and a similar thing (Sunnah) along with that." The
experts it is unanimously agreed upon that both are so closely related to each other that
Prophet's Hadiths could be used as a further explanation for the general Instructions
mentioned in the Quran. This is further explained below.Zakat is one of the five pillars of
Isiam and is one of the necessary acts performed by a Muslin just we oftering pr times a
day regularly. The Quran mentions about zakat in the following verse, "And be steadfast
in prayer, the charity tax, and bow down your heads with those who bow down." As you
can see the Quran only meters Muslims must give zakat, but it does not give specific
instructions on how to give zakat this is where the practice Sunnah comes in need. Prophet
Muhammad in hadiths provide instructions on how to give zakat, one such hath is the "Abu
Sa'id al-Khudri narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: No charity tax is due on property

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mounting to le than five Uqiya and no charity tax is due on fewer than five camels, and
there is no charity tax on fewer than f Wasq. According to al-Bukhari, Sahih, Book 24; The
book of zakat; the two words Uqiya and Wasq are measures weight. Such Hadiths gave a
path for the legal experts of Islam to follow and make rules and guidelines regarding aka
under the light of the two primary sources.

Second example where Quran and Hadith have been employed together is in the section of
inancial dealings, carticula Riba. Riba is taking of interest for making a loan to someone
which is absolutely prohibited in the Holy Quran, as it is al in the following verses. "They
say, trade is like interest, and Allah has allowed trade and forbidden interest Ho it is not
mentioned what kind of business transactions come under Riba. The Sunnah by Prophet
Muhammad speaks stor Ribs in the following words, "From Jabir: The Prophet,, may
cursed the receiver and the payer of interest, the one who records it and the two witnesses
to the transaction and said: "They are all alike [in guilt)." (Muslim, Tirmidhi and Masnad
Ahmad)." There are many Hadiths, and all give clear guidelines on what is permissible and
what is not under the issue of Riba and this gives Muslims of today a very clear path to
follow.
Further example can be taken about theft, which is a serious crime and Allah has specified
punishment not only this wond but in hereafter as well. Such sins are punishable so as to
discourage them and make the society a better place. It is sad in Surah Maida verse 38. "As
for the thief, male or female, cut off his or her hand, an exemplary punishment from Allah
for their crime. Allah is Mighty, Wise." In this example, Allah has instructed to cut the
hand of a person who steals or does theft. However, it is not mentioned how many hands
should be cut or for how much of stealing. One may not go on cutting hands of every thief
therefore, there has to be some kind of information regarding it. The Prophet explained it.
"The hand should be cut off for (the theft of) a quarter of a dinar or more." (Bukhari).
In the similar way the Quran says about the law of inheritance but does not explain it
further, so we take the help of Hadith Quran states, "It's the duty of a believer who owns
property to make a will when he (or she) is near death, and he should bequeath fairly to his
parents and next of kin. This is binding upon everyone who is mindful (of their duty to
Allah)." (2:180). The Prophet added to the law of inheritance by saying that, "A Muslim
may not inherit from a non-Mus lim, nor a non-Muslim inherit from a Muslim." (Bukhari)

HISTORY & IMPORTANCE OF HADITH

SUNNAH IN LEGAL THINKING
the rat and important s ve the Sunnah in helping Muslime tufi the requirements of the tam
cannot be overted as whether be it regarding praying or regarding the social conduct
Prayers s wincut Sunnah, Muslims will not even be able to carry out their bigaliny prayers
in the right way

332
 Allah asked Musims to pray, "Verliy I am Allah: there is no god but too, serve thou the,
only) and estate ayer for celebrating My praise." (Surah Taha, 14). The Quran only
mentions that prayers are stigstory on mer donan Except some who include rick and the
travelling However, how one should pray, not presorted in Quan Apen the method of prayer
can only be learnt from Sunnah and Hadah. Prophet said "Pray as you see me praying and
prayer is complete without al-Fatiha,"
ran and Hadith both also help supporting the use of lima (consensus) and Diyas (analogy),
secondary sure of t serve low in case both primary sources are silent on a matter. They have
to be used side by side to folow all the lules Aah that Hit has laid down in Islam for Muslims
to follow, otherwise without either we could be lost. Use of me an Das was also practiced
during Prophet's life as well, take the example of battle of Trench and Hazrat far o

phet said, "My Ummah will not agree upon an error. This means that all the knowledgeable
and leamed scholars s ether to find a solution for a problem, they decide taking help from
the Quran & Sunnah, Moreover, the use of Glyas lan gical deduction; taking help from
solution of previous problem and using it in your own solution) has also been recom ended
if required. Although, one must note that the base for both lima and Qiyas are the primary
sources of Law (Duran Sunnah).

THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A

LWRITE ABOUT THE ELECTION OF ABU BAKR AS CALIPH AND HOW HE
DEALT WITH THE FALSE PROPHETS DURING HIS REIGN. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The Ansar gathered at Saqifah Bani Saad, joined by Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, and
Ubaidah bin Jarrah, to cus about the appointment of the Caliph, choosing Saad bin Ubaidah
as their leader.
2.Hazrat Abu Bakr argued that the Arabs would not choose any Amir other than the person
from the Quraish .
3.The Ansar suggested that two Caliphs may be selected, one from Quraish and other from
Ansar.

4. This was objected by Hazrat Umar as it would create confusion and chaos between the
two Caliphs. At that point. Ubaidah bin Jarrah said: 0 Ansar, you were the first to uphold
Islam, do not be the first to sow the seed of dissention in it." 5. Hazrat Abu Bakr took the
hands of Umar and Abu Ubaldah and offered the people to take allegiance to any of those
two but they both rejected and nominated Abu Bakr as Caliph and the most fit to be elected.

333
6. Hazrat Umar took oath on Hazrat Abu Bakr's hand, others followed the same act,
performed the Balt and Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as the first Caliph of Islam in a general
bait in Masjid-e-Nabwi
7.Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected, he stated:
*0 people! I have been selected as your Trustee, although I am no better than anyone of
you. If I am right, obey me. It I am misguided, set me right. The weakest among you is
powerful in my eyes; until I do not get him his due. The most powerful among you is the
weakest in my eyes, until I do not make him pay due rights to others. I ask to obey me as
long as I obey Allah and His Messenger. If disobey Allah and His Messenger, you are free
to disobey me."
8. Hazrat Abu Bakr adopted the title of "The successor of the messenger of Allah.
9. Rise of the false prophets resulted in the apostasy movement and caused a threat to Islam.
10. The main false prophets were Al-Aswad al-Ansi, Tulayha Ibn Khuwalid Ibn Newfal
al-Asadi, Sajjah bint-al Harith,and lastly, Musallimah al-Kazzab
ASWAD ANSI:
1.After the death of the Holy Prophet, Aswad claimed to have received divine guidance
and inspiration, and ricks to convince the people of his 'miracles.

2.Also known as the veiled prophet as he covered his face to create mystery about himse
3.he rose in open opposition to Islam and invaded Najran and most of Yemen

4.His dark complexion earned him the title of 'Al-Aswad' ie. the black man.
5. Firuz-al-Dhalaymi organized an expedition who succeeded in killing him.
6. His followers regrouped and revolted under a man called Qais ibn Abd Yaghus; they
were defeated by Fin and quently surrendered along with their leader.

TULAYHA:
1. Tulayha ibn Khuwalid ibn Nawtal al-Asadi was a wealthy leader of the Bani Asad and
Ghatalan tribes in the north Arabia
2. he accepted Islam in 630 AD, however, afterwards he rebelled and proclaimed himself
as a prophet.

3. In 632AD Initially Hazrat Ali, Zubair bin Awwam and Talha R.A were sent to crush his
army as they were planning to attack Madina, Battle of Zhu Qissa.
4. Tulayha lost the battle and retreated to Zhu Hussa.

334
5. Khalid bin Waleed was sent and the Battle of Buzakha took place in 632 AD where
Tulayha escaped to Syria

6. Later when Syria was conquered by the Muslims, he converted to islam once again.

SAJJAH:
1. The third false prophet was actually a woman, Sajah bint-al Harith, from the tribe of
Taghlib.
2. Sajah had a following as a sooth-sayer, and after the death of Holy Prophet many of her
tribesmen rejected Islam; mat's when she declared herself as a prophet (SAW).

3. She collected a force of 4000 to march to Madina, but learning of Tulayha's defeat by
Khalid bin Waleed, Sajah dropped ter plans.
4. She married Musai limah, accepted his prophet hood and fled to Iraq after his death in
Battle of Yamama.
5. She became a Muslim along with her followers when Iraq was conquered.

THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A

MUSAILMA:
1. The last and the most dangerous false prophet was Musailimah al-Kadhab, who belonged
to the large and influential tribe of Banu Hanita

2. Musalimah was a wealthy and powerful man who used his influence to misguide people
and declare himself a prophet during the life of the Holy Prophet

3. His claims were firmly rebutted by Prophet Muhammad and he addressed him as 'Al-
Kazzab' 'the arch liar
4. Musallimah abolished the injunctions of Quran, making the forbidden permissible and
the obligatory dispensable, and succeeded in gaining a large number of followers
5. Musailimah challenged Hazrat Abu Bakr's Caliphate, and thus, the Battle of Yamama
took place in 632 AD

6. He was in the command f an army of 40,000; the Muslims had an army of 13,000 under
Ikrima R.A, Sharhabeel R.A and Khalid bin Waleed R.A
7. Musailimah was killed by Wahshi al-Harb, the man who killed Hazrat Hamza in the
Battle of Uhad before his conversion to Islam
8. In this battle, many prominent Muslims and Huffaz lost their lives.

ANSWER:

335
After the death of the Holy Prophet, the Ansar gathered at Saqifa Bani Saad, joined by
Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, and Ubaidah bin Jarrah, to discuss about the appointment
of the Caliph, choosing Saad bin Ubaidah as their leader. They wanted the Caliph to be
chosen from Ansar group as they viewed them of their great sacrifices for Islam However,
Abu Bakr argued that the Arabs would not choose any Amir other than the person from the
Quraish. The Ansar suggested tha two may be selected, one from Curaish and other from
Ansar, but were objected by Hazrat Umar as it would creat confusion and chaos between
the two Caliphs. At that point, Ubaidah bin Jarrah said:

"O Ansar, you were the first to uphold Islam, do not be the
first to sow the seed of dissention in it."
"O Ansar, you were the The ansar immediately withdrew their claim, after which Hazrat
Abu Baka nominated both Ubaidah hen Jarah un Umar, either one to be chosen from these.
Umar and Abu Ubaidah both refused this and instead nominated var to become the first
caliph of islam. Hazrat Umer took oath on Hazrat Abu Bakr's hand, others followed the
sam formed the Bayt and Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as the first Caliph of Islam in a
general Bayt in Masjid-e-wh Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected, he stated:
"O people! I have been selected as your Trustee, although I am no better than anyone of
you. I am right, y If I am misguided, set me right. The weakest among you is powerful in
my eyes; until I do not get him his due. The most powerful among you is the weakest in
my eyes, until I do not make him pay due rights to others. I ask to o me as long as I obey
Allah and His Messenger. If I disobey Allah and His Messenger, you are free to disobey
me.

Hazrat Abu Bakr adopted the title of "The successor of the messenger of Allah". After
becoming a Calich, Hazrat Abu B had to deal with many difficulties, however, the most
important was the rise of the false prophets which resulted in the apostasy movement and
caused a threat to Islam. The main false prophets were Al-Aswad al-Ansi, Tulayha on Wh
ibn Nawfal al-Asadi, Sajah bint-al Harith, and lastly, Musallimah al-Kadhab.
Al-Aswad al-Ansi was the leader of the Ans tribe in Yemen. His dark complexion earned
him the title of "Al-Aswadi black man. He was also known as the veiled prophet as he
covered his face to create a mystery about himself. After the death of the Holy Prophet,
Aswad claimed to have received divine guidance and inspiration, and he used tricks
convince the people of his 'miracles. After collecting a large army, he rose in open
opposition to Islam and invaded Nair and most of Yemen. To combat this, Firuz-al-
Dhalami organized an expedition, who succeeded in killing him. Although Aswad was
killed, his followers regrouped and revolted under a man called Qais, ibn Abd Yaghus, they
were defeated by Firuz and subsequently surrendered along with their leader.

336
 The other false prophet was Tulayha ibn Khuwalid ibn Nawfai al-Asadi, who was a
wealthy leader of the Bani Asad and Banu Ghatafan tribes in the north Arabia. He was
renowned warrior who initially opposed the Muslims. Although, he acceptem Islam in 630
AD, however, afterwards he rebelled and proclaimed himself as a prophet. His tribes
accepted his 'prophe hood" and combined to raise a strong force against Islam. To quell
this revolt, Khalid bin Waleed was sent and the Bat of Bazukha took place in 632 AD where
Tulayha escaped to Syria. Later when Syria was conquered by the Muslims, he cm verted
to Islam once again, and subsequently fought alongside the Muslims in the Battle of
Jalulah, Caddisiya, Nihawand.
The third false prophet was actually a woman, Sajah bint-al Harith, from the tribe of
Taghlib. She first enjoyed the prots of the Taghlib tribe, and following a split within the
Banu Tamim, she had the protection of Banu Hanita. Sajah had a t ing as a sooth-sayer,
and after the death of Holy Prophet many of her tribesmen rejected Isiam; that's when she
declared herself as a prophet. She collected a force of 4000 to march to Madina, but
learning of Tulayhia's defeat by Khalid bin Waleed, Sajah dropped her plans. She then
sought the help of Musailimah, another self-proclaimed prophet, and reached an agreement
with him to face Khalid. Consequently, Sajah married Musallimah, accepted his prophet
hood and ost her followers to him. Many of her tribe upon learning about their marriage
accepted Islam again. Hazrat Khalid tought the ones who were still opposing Islam from
her tribe. She fled to Iraq when Musailma was being attacked by the Muslims and became
a Muslim along with her followers when Iraq was conquered.
The last and the most dangerous false prophet was Musallimah al-Kadhab, also known as
the Liar, belonged to the large and influential tribe of Banu Hanifa. Musailimah was a
wealthy and powerful man who used his influence to misguide eople and declare himself
a prophet during the life of the Holy Prophet. He even wrote to the Prophet declaring imself
as a 'messenger of Allah' and that he had been given a share with him in prophet hood. His
claims were firmly butted by Prophet Muhammad and he addressed him as an 'arch liar.
Further to this, Musailimah also abolished the unctions of Quran, making the forbidden
permissible and the obligatory and succeeded in gaining a large umber of followers. After
the death of the Prophet. Musailimah challenged Hazrat Abu Bakr's Caliphate, and thus,
the Battle of Yamama took place in 632 AD which decided Musailimah's fate. He was in
the command of an army of 40,000; Te Muslims had an army of 13,000 under Ikrima and
Sharhabeel and Khalid bin Waleed. The battle was fought with many asualties as
Musailimah's forces put up a strong resistance. Eventually, Musailimah was killed by
Wahshi al-Harb, the man no killed Hazrat Hamza in the Battle of Uhad before his
conversion to Islam. Musallimah's army scattered and many were led as they fled. In this
battle, many prominent Muslims and Huffaz lost their lives.

337
A. WRITE AN ACCOUNT ON THE EXPEDITION TO SYRIA & BATTLE OF
YAMAMA DURING ABU BAKR'S CALIPHATE. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
Expedition to Syria:
1. Holy Prophet ordered a detachment to be sent against the Syrians under the command
of Usamah, the son of Zaid bin Haris.
2. The circumstances changed following the death of the Holy Prophet(SAW)
3.Abu Bakr was advised that most of the tribes had apostatized from Islam and Madina
itself was surrounded by hostile tribes
4. Abu Bakr said that it was the wish of the Holy Prophet(SAW)that the army should be
sent to Syria and this with should be fulfilled at all cost

5. Abu Bakr declared in unequivocal terms:

"Who am I to withhold the army that the Holy Prophet had ordained to proceed? Come
what may. let Madina stand or fall; the Caliphate live or perish; the command of the Holy
Prophet shall be carried out."
6. The companions of Hazrat Abu Bakr could offer no argument.
7. Hazrat Abu Bakr directed the army to depart on its mission and went to Jorf to bid
farewell to the army
8. He said while bidding farewell:

"Do not kill children, women and old men. Do not cut down any trees wherein there is food
for men and beasts. Do not molest the monks in the churches."
9. After a ten days march, the Muslim army penetrated into the region of Wadi-al-Qara,
and fell on Banu al-Qidzah and other border tribes
10. The Byzantine forces avoided confrontation with the Muslim force, and the border
tribes left to them, were no match for the Muslim forces .11. The forces hastened to offer
allegiance to the authorities at Madina.
12. The Expedition to Syria secured the safety of the frontier with the Byzantines and
averted the threat of any attack the Byzantines

13. It made the hostile tribes realize that the Muslims were strong enough to meet all
emergencies.

338
Battle of Yamama:
1. The bloodiest battle so far fought by the Muslims; a decisive battle that established the
supremacy of Islam in Central Arabia
2. After the death of Holy Prophet, several false prophets rose in different parts of the
Islamic state.

3. Musailimah ibn Habib al Hanafi was the most dangerous one

4. He belonged to a very influential tribe of Banu Hanifa which held great power
5. Hazrat Abu Bakr appointed Ikrima as the commander of one of the corps, and ordered
him to contact Musallimah without engaging in a battle. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED
CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A
8. Sharhabeel bin Hasanah was marching to join Ikrima.

9. He was also given a corps by the Caliph with orders to follow Ikrima and wait for further
instructions .
10. Ikrima couldn't wait any longer and set up his corps in motion, but was defeated by
Musailimah
11. Sharhabeel remained in the region of Yamama. To ensure he did not fall into the error
of Ikrima, Abu Bakr wrote tohim:

"Stay where you are and await further instructions."

12. Sharabeel also gave into the temptation and fought with Musallimah, only to be
defeated by him
13. Khalid received the news of Musallimah encamped in the plain Agrabah with an army
of 40,000 warriors.

14. Muslim army advanced launched a series of attacks along their entire front.
15. The battle hung in the balance as the warriors retired to rest after the first period of
combat.

16. Muslims reached the walled garden; Al Barra ibn Malik asked his fellow men to let
himclimb the wall so that he could open the phase by kolling the garden guard
17. The Muslim solder jumped into the garden, opened the gate and the last phase of the
battle started
18. The battle reached its climax when Musailimah was attacked by Wahshi ibn Harb, the
same man who slaughtered Hamza in the Battle of Uhad before accepting islam

339
19. He threw the same javelin that killed Hamza and struck Musallimah in the belly; the
next moment Abu Dujana cut off his head.

20. The garden where this battle took place is known as Garden of Death where the carnage
of 7000 men took place.

ANSWER:
Holy Prophet ordered a detachment to be sent against the Syrians under the command of
Usamah, the son of Zaid bin Haris and was very dear to the Holy Prophet The
circumstances changed following the death of the holy prophet

Abu Bakr was advised that most of the tribes had apostatized from Islam and Madina itself
was surrounded by hosille tribes, so it was not advisable to send the army outside the
country. Abu Bakr said that it was the wish of the Holy Prophet that the army should be
sen: to Syria and this wish should be fulfilled at all costs. When some of the companions
reite: ated the danger to which Madina was exposed, Abu Bakr declared in unequivocal
terms:
"Who am to withhold the army that the Holy Prophet had
ordained to proceed? Come what may: let Madina stand or
fall; the Caliphate live or perish; the command of the Holy
Prophet shall be carried out."
"Who am I to withhold the army that the Holy Prophet had ordained to i or fall, the
Caliphate live or perish; the command of the Holy Prophet shall be carried out.
Against the firmness of the stand of Hazrat Abu Bakr, the companions of Hazrat Abu Bakr
could offer no argument. After this, he directed the army to depart on its mission and went
to Jorf to bid farewell to the army and addressed them in the "Do not kill children, women
and old men. Do not cut down any trees wherein there is food for men and beasts. Do
following terms: not molest the monks in the churches."
The army of Usamah left towards the close of June 632 AD. After a ten days march, the
Muslim army penetrated into the region of Wadi-al-Qara and fell on Banu al-Qidzah and
other border tribes. The Byzantine forces avoided confrontation with the Muslim force,
and the border tribes left to them, were match for the Muslim forces. They were thoroughly
uncomfortable and hastens to offer allegiance to the authorities at Madina. The expedition
proved to be a great success. the hostile the safety of the frontier with the Byzantines and
averted the threat of any attack from the Byzaritines. It made the hostile tribes realize that
the Muslims were strong enough to meet all emergencies. Usamah's army returned to
Medina and received an anticipated welcome.

The Battle of Yamama was the bloodiest battle so far fought by the Muslims. It was a
decisive battle that established the supremacy of Islam in Central Arabia. It proved to be a

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great trial of strength, and though the Muslims won the victory, this was achieved at a
heavy crist.

After the death of Holy Prophet several false prophets rose in different parts of the Islamic
state. Out of these, Musaill mah ibn Habib al Hanafi was the most dangerous one. He
belonged to a very influential tribe of Banu Hanifa which held great power. Hazrat Abu
Bakr appointed Ikrima as the commander of one of the corps and ordered him to make
contact with Musailimah without engaging in a battle. Also, Khalid bin Waleed was chosen
to command the forces apposing Musail imah; Ikrima advanced with his corps and
established a camp somewhere in the region of Yamama.
Ikrima heard that Sharhabeel bin Hasanah was marching to join him, who was also given
a corps by the Caliph with orders to follow Ikrima and wait for further instructions.
However, Ikrima couldn't wait any longer and set up his corps in motion but was defeated
by Musailimah. Sharhabeel remained in the region of Yamarna. To ensure he did not fall
into the error of Ikrima, Abu Bakr wrote to nim:

"Stay where you are and await further instructions."

THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A
Khalid bin Waleed was to join forces with Sharhateel, however, Shartabeel also gave into
the temptation and fought with Musalimah, only to be defeated by him. Khalid received
the new of Musaliman encamped in the plain Agrabah with an army of 40,000 warriors.
The defecation of Ikrima and Sharhateet made Musalimah even more confident and their
invinci ility increased. On Khalid's command, the Muslim army advanced and launched a
series of attacks along their entire front. However, the battle hung in the balance as the
warriors retired to rest after the first period of combat.
Only some of the men in Musalliman's combat were in the shape to fight, and this part
hastened to the walled garden where Musailimah and his troops were taking shelter and
had closed the gates. When the Muslims reached the walled garden; Al Barra ibn Malik
asked his fellow men to let him climb the wall so that he could open the gate by killing the
garden guard. The Muslim soldier jumped into the garden, opened the gate and the last
phase of the battle started. The battle became vicious, Musallimah fought gallantly without
the intention of giving up. The battle reached its climax when Musallimah was attacked by
Wahshi ion Hart, the same man who slaughtered Hamza in the Battle of Uhad before accept
ing Islam. He threw the same javelin that killed Hamza and struck Musallimah in the belly;
the next moment Abu Dujana cut off his head. The death of Musailimah caused disorder
in the rebel forces and the battle came to an end. The garden where this battle took place is
known as Garden of Death where the carnage of 7000 men took place.

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A. DESCRIBE ABU BAKR'S ACTIVITIES AGAINST THE FALSE PROPHETS
AND APOSTATE TRIBES. [10]

REFUSAL TO PAY ZAKAT:

1.The issue of the refusal to pay Zakat was a great test of the moral courage of Abu Bakr
as the first Caliph of the Holy Prophet.

2.After the demise of the Holy Prophet many surrounding tribes of Medina which had
offered allegiance to Islam, sent a
deputation to Abu Bakr with the proposal that their agreement with the Muslims had ended.

3.A fresh agreement was necessary in which they should be relieved from the obligation to
pay Zakat.Abu baker grued that Zakat was a fundamental injunction of Islam and had to
be paid They attacked at night but found Abu Bakr with his army ready to fight.

4.The apostates were defeated; many tribesmen died while others fled in confusion.
5.after this battle many tribes sent their delegates to Medina, offered allegiance and paid
Zakat.

APOSTASY MOVEMENT:
After the Prophet's death, some of the people rose in revolt against the authorities in Medina
and renounced Islam. Abu Bakr, without any delay, launched an expedition against this
movement.
After collecting the troops at Medina, he divided them into eleven battalions each with an
experienced commander and sent them in eleven different directions to crush these revolts.
He instructed each commander to first invite these tribes to Islam. If any refused to comply
they were to be attacked .

Some of the tribes accepted Islam but the others were stubborn and were dealt with harshly.
All campaigns were successful, and Abu Bakr was able to re-establish control of Islam
throughout the Peninsula.

FALSE PROPHETS:
In the last days of the Prophet's life some misguided people arose to claim prophet hood.
When Abu Bakr was elected as the Caliph, they started their preaching openly. Among
these false prophets were Tulayha, Aswad Ansi, Musailimah and Sajjah. Tulayha belonged
to the Banu Asad tribe in the northern Arabia.

342
An army under Khalid bin Walid was sent which met them at Buzakha. • After a fierce
battle Tulayha's army surrendered and he himself fled to Syria. He embraced Islam during
the time of the second Caliph. Aswad Ansi belonged to the Ansi tribe in Yemen

 He was an ugly man who kept his face veiled all the time.He was nicknamed
 "the veiled prophet".
 Being leader of his tribe, he revolted with the cooperation of the neighbouring
chiefs.
 He was the first false prophet who collected a large army in open revolt against
Islam.
 He was defeated and killed by the Muslims.
 The most dangerous of the false prophets was Musalima.
 He belonged to a tribe of central Arabia
• His tribe accepted him as a prophet.

•Abu Bakr sent Sharhabeel and Ikrima to crush the rebellion; later Khalid bin Walid joined
them Musallma's army was defeated after a fierce battle at Yamama in 633AD Musalimah
was killed.

In this battle about 800 Muslims were martyred

• Sajjah was a woman who belonged to the Bani Tamim tribe.
• She claimed to be a prophetess and succeeded in mustering a large following.

• When Musailma heard about her claim he invited her to Yamama.

• They decided to join forces and later Musallimah married her which ended her adventure
of prophet hood and she livedin obscurity for the rest of her life.

• When the Muslims conquered Iraq, she entered the circle of Islam along with her tribe.
ANSWER:
When Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as a Caliph, he was confronted with many problems
such as the apostasy movement followed by the appearance of the false prophets. In order
to defeat them all, Hazrat Abu Bakr had shown determination and gallant behaviour during
battles with these false prophets. After the death of the holy prophet several false prophets
rose in different parts of the Islamic State.
One of the false prophets was Aswad Ansi Aswad, famous for his dark complexion, rose
in Yemen. He was known as the velled Prophet as he used to put a veil on his face to create
an aura of mystery. After collecting a huge army, he stood up againat talam and Invaded
Yemen. Firuz al-Dhaylami, a Persian Muslim, attacked Aswad with an army and killed
him during life of the Propher Leaming of Prophet Muhammad's demise, the followers of

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THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A
Aswad continued their revolt under the leadership of Oals bi Abd Yaghus. Firuz defeated
them again and they surrendered along with their leader Another false prophet that rote
was Tulayha. He belonged to the tribe of Banu Asad and Banu Ghatatan in Northern
Arabia. Although he converted to Islam in 630 AD, nonetheless, he rebelled and
proclaimed himself as a prophet shortly after wards. He was defeated by Khalid bin Waleed
in the Battle of Buzakha in 632 AD.
Sajjah was a false prophetess who belonged to the tribe of Banu Tamim. She successfully
collected a force of 4000 to march towards Madina but her army was trampled by Khalid
bin Waleed. After her defeat, she joined forces with Musali nah and after his death,
accepted stan.

The last and the most dangerous false prophet that rose was Musallimah from the Banu
Hanife tribe in central Arabia. He had an army of 40,000 men and defeated the corps of
Ikrima and Sharhabeel. After the defeat of two men, Hazrat Abu Bakr sent Khalid bin
Waleed with an army of 13,000 men and a war was waged known as Battle of Yamama.
The battle proved to be successful for Muslims, but the number of fatalities were so high
that it was known as Battle of the garden of death.

Further to this, Hazrat Abu Bakr fought against tribes who withheld zakat and apostatized
Islam. At that time, many hostile tribes such as Banu Asad, Banu Ghatafan, Banu Murrah
and Banu Abbas sent their delegates to Madina and insisted that they should be free from
paying Zakat. Their demands were rejected by Hazrat Abu Bakr who stated:
"If with reference to zakat, you withhold even as much as a string to tie a camel, as the
Khalifa of the Messenger of Allah, it will be my duty to fight for it, whatever the
consequences."
These tribes attacked Madina in 632 AD, but they were eventually defeated and all of them
agreed to pay Zakat.
The false prophets created their followers of tribes who apostatized Islam. In retaliation,
Hazrat Abu Bakr collected the army in Madina and divided it into eleven battalions and
sent them to different parts of Arabia in order to demolish the apostasy movement. The
commanders of the battalions were ordered to invite the revolting clans to Islam by dialog,
however, if they remained stubborn and rejected, and then a battle should take place. Due
to the dialogs, many tribes came to Islam without fighting and thus within a year, the
control of Islam was re-established.One of the false prophets was Aswad Ansi Aswad,
famous for his dark complexion, rose in Yemen. He was known as the velled Prophet as
he used to put a veil on his face to create an aura of mystery. After collecting a huge army,
he stood up againat talam and Invaded Yemen. Firuz al-Dhaylami, a Persian Muslim,
attacked Aswad with an army and killed him during life of the Propher Leaming of Prophet

344
Muhammad's demise, the followers of Aswad continued their revolt under the leadership
of Oals bi Abd Yaghus. Firuz defeated them again and they surrendered along with their
leader Another false prophet that rote was Tulayha. He belonged to the tribe of Banu Asad
and Banu Ghatatan in Northern Arabia. Although he converted to Islam in 630 AD,
nonetheless, he rebelled and proclaimed himself as a prophet shortly after wards. He was
defeated by Khalid bin Waleed in the Battle of Buzakha in 632 AD.
Sajjah was a false prophetess who belonged to the tribe of Banu Tamim. She successfully
collected a force of 4000 to march towards Madina but her army was trampled by Khalid
bin Waleed. After her defeat, she joined forces with Musailimah and after his death,
accepted stan.
The last and the most dangerous false prophet that rose was Musallimah from the Banu
Hanife tribe in central Arabia. He had an army of 40,000 men and defeated the corps of
Ikrima and Sharhabeel. After the defeat of two men, Hazrat Abu Bakr sent Khalid bin
Waleed with an army of 13,000 men and a war was waged known as Battle of Yamama.
The battle proved to be successful for Muslims, but the number of fatalities were so high
that it was known as Battle of the garden of death.
Further to this, Hazrat Abu Bakr fought against tribes who withheld zakat and apostatized
Islam. At that time, many hostile tribes such as Banu Asad, Banu Ghatafan, Banu Murrah
and Banu Abbas sent their delegates to Madina and insisted that they should be free from
paying Zakat. Their demands were rejected by Hazrat Abu Bakr who stated:
"If with reference to zakat, you withhold even as much as a string to tie a camel, as the
Khalifa of the Messenger of Allah, it will be my duty to fight for it, whatever the
consequences."
These tribes attacked Madina in 632 AD, but they were eventually defeated and all of them
agreed to pay Zakat.

The false prophets created their followers of tribes who apostatized Islam. In retaliation,
Hazrat Abu Bakr collected the army in Madina and divided it into eleven battalions and
sent them to different parts of Arabia in order to demolish the apostasy movement. The
commanders of the battalions were ordered to invite the revolting clans to Islam by dialog,
however, if they remained stubborn and rejected, and then a battle should take place. Due
to the dialogs, many tribes came to Islam without fighting and thus within a year, the
control of Islam was re-established.

A. WRITE ON THE EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE DURING ABU BAKR'S

CALIPHATE. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:

345
1. The Islamic state under him was surrounded by the two great empires, Persian Empire
and Byzantine Empire.

2. the Persian Empire wanted to wipe out the Muslims who in tum felt endangered by the
Persian threat
3. Hazrat Abu Bakr took advantage of the unrest in Persia as he wanted to spread Islam
and Muslims raided on several par of Persian Empire
4.630 AD, the Kindi tribe in Hadramout broke into a revolt and refused to pay taxes.
5.Hazrat Abu Bakr directed an army to Hadramout which resulted in apostates being killed
and others surrendering .
6.Battle of Kazima took place in Eastern Iraq in which Hazrat Abu Bakr sent an army under
the leadership of Khalid bin waleed.

7.Khalid Waleed invited Hurmuz, the Persian commander to accept Islam, pay Jizya or
engage in a combat
8.Humurz agreed for the combat and set out from Ubella to Kazima.

9.The Persians were linked in chains and due the heavy Muslim attack, they retreated
10.They suffered defeat as they were bound by chains
11. Khalid bin Waleed conquered Hira, Damat-ul-Jandal and Firad as well.

12. the whole of South and most of North Iraq was conquered and the Persians subdued.
13. The Byzantines began to conspire against the Muslims in cooperation of Bedouin tribes
on the Syrian border .
14. Hazrat Abu Bakr raised a huge army and divided four corps, each of these corps
comprised of 7000 men

15. The four corps were given under the command of Amr bin Aas, Yazeed bin Abu
Sufyan, Sharhabeel bin Hasanah and Ubaidah bin Jarrah.
16. The first encounter of Muslims took place at Basra in which Muslims were victorious,.

17. In the Battle of Ajandein, Hercules sent an army of 250,000 men against the Muslim
army of 40,000
18. Although the Hercules' army outnumbered Muslim army, however, the Romans were
badly defeated.
19. After the Battle of Ajandein, Muslims advanced towards Damascus and laid siege to it.
20. Hazrat Abu Bakr fell ill and died in 634 AD which left this campaign incomplete.

346
THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A
ANSWER:
The first Caliph was Abu Bakr who ruled from 632-634 CE. During his short reign as
Caliph, Abu Bakr put down rebellions by various Arab tribes after Prophet Muhammad
died and established the Caliphate as the ruling force in the region. he Islamic state under
him was surrounded by the two great empires, Persian Empire and Byzantine Empire. The
former being on the north-eastern side while the latter being on the northern part of the
peninsula which consisted of Syria, Pales e and Egypt.

to explain further, the Persian Empire wanted to wipe out the Muslims who in turn felt
endangered by the Persian threat. Hazrat Abu Bakr took advantage of the unrest in Persia
as he wanted to spread Islam and Muslims raided on several part Persian Empire.
Moreover, in 630 AD, the Kindi tribe in Hadramout broke into a revolt and refused to pay
taxes. In retalia ton, Hazrat Abu Bakr directed an army to Hadramout which resulted in
apostates being killed and others surrendering. In the same year, the Battle of Kazima took
place in Eastern Iraq in which Hazrat Abu Bakr sent an army under the leadership of Khalid
bin Waleed. Not only this, there were four other columns under the leadership of different
commanders who pro ceeded to reinforce and strengthen the Muslim army, Khalid bin
Waleed invited Hurmuz, the Persian commander to accept stam, pay Jizya or engage in a
combat. Hurmuz agreed for the combat and set out from Uballa to Kazima. The Persians
were linked in chains and due the heavy Muslim attack, they retreated. They suffered defeat
as they were bound by chains.
After the Battle of Kazima, some other small skirmishes took place to Mazar, Walja, Ullies,
Anbar, and Enat-Tamar in which the Muslims defeated the Persians one after the other.
After these conquests, Khalid bin Waleed conquered Hira. Damat-ul-Jandal and Firad as
well. After the fall of Hira, the whole of South and most of North Iraq was conquered, and
the Persians subdued.
The Byzantines began to conspire against the Muslims in cooperation of Bedouin tribes on
the Syrian border When Hazrat Abu Bakr came to know about this, he raised a huge army
and divided four corps, each of these corps comprised of 7000 men. The four corps were
given under the command of Amr bin Aas, Yazeed bin Abu Sufyan, Sharabeel bin Hasanah
and Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah, The first encounter of Muslims took place at Basra in which
Muslims were victorious. After this, against the Muslim army of 40,000. Although the
Hercules army outnumbered Muslim army, however, the Romans were badly defeated.
After the of Battle of Ajandein, Muslims advanced towards Damascus and laid siege to it.
In the meantime, Hazrat Abu Bakr fell ill and died in 634 AD which left this campaign
incomplete.

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ADMINISTRATION CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A
CALIPH ABU BAKR RA'S ADMINISTRATION:

DEMOCRATIC WAY OF GOVERNMENT

Abu Bakr gave the first lesson to the whole mankind of government by the peopl
On every occasion, he decided matters after consultation with eminent companies.

SHURA (COUNCIL OF ADVISORS)

1.He also decided the matters of the state after the consultation.
2 Members of Shura were the most pious and popular people in the public.

3. Membership of Shura was not based on color, race, wealth or worldly power, it was
based on services rendered to Islam, closeness to Allah and His Prophet(SAW).

APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
1. For public offices, Abu Bakr did not choose his sons of family members but gave the
chance to people with high merit
2. Whenever he appointed an officer, he advised and explained his duties

3. He advised them not to give unlawful benefits to their kins.

OFFICERS OF HIS GOVERNMENT

1.Hazrat Abu Bakr had key positions filled by highly competent companies

2.Hazrat Umar and Hazrat All were Qadis (Judges)

3.Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah was the treasury officer.

4.Hazrat All also acted as the secretary to Abu Bakr

4.Hazrat Usman was the chief sectary and used to write various ordinances for the
Caliphate 5.Akib ibn Usaid was the governor of Makkah

OFFICERS OF HIS GOVERNMENT-CONT

Near the end of his reign, Abu Bakr appointed the following commanders of the Islamic
army in Syria:

1.Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah

2. Yazid bin Abu Sufyan
3 Amr ibn al-'As

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4 Sharhabeel ibn Hasanah
5. Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed was the commander in chiet and the greatest general during
Abu Bakr's time

BAIT-UL-MAL AND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

1. During the time of the Holy Prophet (SAW) and also Abu Bakr, there was no separate
department for the revenue.
2 Zakat, Sadaqat and other taxes (kharach) and war booty used to come to Madinah for bait
ul maal which was under the charge of Hazrat Ubaidah bin Jarrah

3. 1st year caliphate, Abu Bakr gave 10 dirhams as a stipend to each adult in Madinah, tree
or slave.
4. 2nd year caliphate, when the income had increased, he increased it to 20 dirhams to each
individual
5. Same status for slaves and free humans
6. The main sources of the revenue were zakat, usher (special land tax), Jizya (indemnity
tax) and war booty.

ARMY AND ITS ADMINISTRATION

1. There was no regular Islamic force during the time of the Prophet(SAW)

2. However when the army departed in the time of Abu Bakr, he divided it into various
battalions, each under command of an officer

3. He took special care for the moral training of the military giving them the same
instructions Prophet used to give i.e.
a. Not to kill any woman, child or any old person

b.Not to cut any trees

c.Not to destroy any inhabitant place
d. Not to be dishonest in distribution of war booty etc.

4. He reserved a part of revenue for purchasing arms and maintenance of forces

5. Special pastures were reserved for horses and camels used for the battles
6. He also used to inspect army camps.

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ADMINISTRATION CALIPH HAZRAT ABU BAKR R.A
PREACHING OF ISLAM
1.As caliph, he paid special attention towards preaching the right way of life
2. Gave strict instructions to call all army to Islam first.
3. Invitation to Islam was usually given three days before the start of the battle

DEPARTMENT OF JURIS (MUFTI'S)

Besides the judiciary@udges) there was a special department of muhtis (Jurists) whose
duty was to solve various problems of Muslims in the light of the Quran and Sunnah

JUDICIARY & PUNISHMENTS

Judiciary was totally separate from the rest of the government so that an unbiased and
honest ruling was practiced without anyone's pressure
Punishments
1. He used to give punishments as prescribed by the Holy Quran or instructed by the
Prophet

2. He also paid special attention to the safety of highways and various parts of the state, 3.
Gave severe punishments to robbers and people committing a breach of peace
DIVISION OF ARABIAN PENINSULA

1. Abu Bakr divided peninsula into various provinces for convenient of administration
2. Every province was under the control of a governor, who were the chief executive
officers of that region
3. He did not change the governors, or the officers appointed by the Prophet
4. Abu Bakr's reign was short and full of rebellions still his administration was very strong.

5. He always followed the footsteps of the Prophet and kept a strict check over his
governors.
6. Hazrat Umar always helped him in administration and justice

7. Abu Bakr laid down the foundation of Islamic republic upon democratic principles
8. His strong faith and trust in Allah was reflected in his administrationTHE RIGHTLY
GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR

A WRITE ABOUT THE EXPANSION OF MUSLIM EMPIRE UNDER THE

CALIPHATE OF UMAN [10].

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HIGHLIGHTS:
Battle of Namarraq (October, 634 AD):

•the Muslims had captured Hira under the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, the infuriated Persian
Emperor sent a large force under famous general.
•The two armies met 10 miles from Hira Persians were defeated and put to flight.

sattle of Jasr/Battle of the Bridge (October, 634 AD):

• Alarmed by the Muslim victory, the Persian Emperor dispatched a large army,
commanded by Bahman

•The Muslim army was led by Hazrat Abu Ubaydah. Before this mighty force, the Arabs
fell back and re-crossed the Euphrates
•The Persian commander challenged Hazrat Abu Ubaydah to cross the river again or allow
him to come to the Arab side.
•Acting rashly and against his advisors' warnings, Hazrat Abu Ubaydah ordered the
Muslim army to build a bridge of busts and cross the river.

•Once on the opposite side, the Muslims found themselves in an alarming situation. They
were hemmed in between the Persian war-elephants in their front and the swift river
Euphrates on their backs.

•The Arabs and their animals had never seen elephants before and were terrified by these
fierce and gigantic beasts These elephants routed the Muslim cavalry.

•Hazrat Abu Ubaldah ordered the cavalry to dismount and fight on foot. Although the
Muslims fought bravely and brought down many elephants, they were trampled in large
numbers under the beasts' feet.

•Hazrat Abu Ubaidah himself was martyred by one of the elephants. His brother succeeded
him, but one by one, theMuslim commanders were martyred.
•A Muslim had cut the boat-bridge so that the Muslim army would not lose heart and retreat
easily. However, the routed soldiers jumped into the river and many lost their lives
•The new Muslim commander, Hazrat Muthanna, ordered the bridge to be rebuilt. He and
a small detachment held back the Persians while the survivors crossed over to the Arab
side.
•Battle of Qadisiya:
•Hazrat Saad was to the Arab side

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ordered to march to Qadisiya, a little fortress on the western bank of the bees( a branch of
the Euphra-tes)

•From here, Hazrat Saad sent an envoy to the court of Yadgard, the Persian Emperor, with
the message of lslam.
•The Persian Emperor insulted the envoy and turned him out of his court.

•To teach the Muslims a lesson, he dispatched a large army of 120,000 men, including 300
war-elephants. This army was commanded by Rustum.
•The Muslim army now numbered 30,000, including 1400 of Muhammad Companions and
99 veterans of Bact. The soldiers had also brought their familles along, as they intended to
settle on the conquered land .
•Rustum encamped with his army on the opposite bank of the river, He intended to tire out
the Muslims or make themshort of supplies before attacking.
•Arab raiding parties, which attacked the fertile Persian fields, forced the Emperor to order
•Rustum to commence tighting .Rustum and his army crossed the river in the secrecy of
the night by building a dam to check the flow of the water
•.The battle that ensued was very fierce and lasted for 3 days and 4 nights. .Hazrat Saad
directed his forces from his sick bed.

•Eventually, the Persians lost and were killed in large numbers. .Rustum was killed as he
tried to flee the battlefield.

•.Muslims lost 8500 men and Persians lost 30,000 to 40,000 men.
•Put an end to the military might of the Persian Empire
1.Arab tribes no longer hesitated to fight against Persia and the enemies of Istam

2. The whole territory between the Euphrates and the Tigris came under the control of the
Muslims.

Battle of Jaluta:
•The Persian king. fleeing from Madain, took refuge in Hulwan.
•As a result, his remaining army occupied Jalula, a place in the neighbourhood of Madain.
•This army made great preparations for battle; the entire town was converted into a fortress
and a deep ditch was dug around the town.
•Hazrat Saad, with Hazrat Umar's permission, sent a strong army to Jalula under the
command of Qaka.

352
•The siege of Jalula stretched over 7 months. •Eventually, the Persians decided to
counterattack and drive out the Muslims. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH
HAZRAT UMAR R.A
•Eventually, the Persians decided to counterattack and drive out the Muslima.
• The Muslim commander pulled back his army so that the whole of the Persian army could
come into the fold Eventually.
• fierce storm started blowing into the Persians faces and they fell back and were killed in
large numbers.

• Fierce fighting ensued

•The residents of Jalula surrendered on the usual terms of jizya
Battle of Nahawand:

•After the Battle of Jalula, Hazrat Umar stopped further conquest and sought to consolidate
Muslim rule in the lands already occupied.
•Towards this end, a peace treaty was signed with the Persians

•However, the Persians soon broke the treaty and marched with 60,000 men against the
30,000 Muslims.
•The two armies fought at Nahawand for 2 days. On the 3rd day, the Persians took refuge
in their forts.
• By a clever strategy, the enemy was coaxed out of hiding and hand-to-hand fighting took
place.
•The Persian might was shattered forever and their emperor fled to Isfahan.
•This battle was a decisive one for the whole world, as it signalled the end of Persian power
and the rise of Muslims.
Wars with the Byzantine Empire:
•The Eastern Roman Empire consisting of Syria, Jerusalem and Egypt was called the
Byzantine Empire.
• Although relations between the two parties had been cordial when Muhammad sent his
envoy to Heraclius, things had begun to cool down.

•The Christian prince of Syria had murdered Muhammad's envoy at Mu'tah. This led to an
increase in the hostility.

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ANSWER:
Hazrat Umar succeeded to Caliphate in 634 AD; a brave and straightforward person, he
ruled for 10 years from 634-644CE. During this time, the islamic Empire expanded greatly.
He took control of the Middle East including conquering the Sas sanids cf Iraq. He then
took control of many surrounding areas including Egypt, Syria, and North Africa. He took
the title c "Amir Ul Momineen" which means Commander of the Faithful. During his
Caliphate, the vast areas of the Roman and Persian Empire were brought together in a
decisive battle.

Hazrat Umar succeeded to Caliphate in 634 AD; a brave and straightforward person, he
ruled for 10 years from 634-644 CE. During this time, the Islamic Empire expanded
greatly. He took control of the Middle East including conquering the Sas sanids cf Iraq. He
then took control of many surrounding areas including Egypt, Syria, and North Africa. He
took the title of "Amir Ut Momineen" which means Commander of the Faithful. During
his Caliphate, the vast areas of the Romar, and Persian Empire were brought together in a
decisive battle.
In October 634 AD, the Battle of Namarraq and Jasr were fought due to Persian Empire
threatening the Islamic state. In the Battle of Jasr (bridge), Muslims were defeated and the
commander, Abu Ubaidah bin Thaqafi, was killed. Muslims responded back in November
634 AD when they fought against the Persians at Buwayb under Muthanna bin Haris.
Muslims were victorious in this battle and the Persians had to face heavy losses.
After this, the Battle of Qadisiya took place in which the Persians sent a large army of
120,000 men under their famout commander Rustam. Hazrat Umar, in response, sent Saad
bin Abi Waqas with an army of 20,000 later joined by 8000 men of Bashir bin Harris, the
outnumbered Muslim army defeated the Persian troops under Rustam and recaptured Hira.
it was a decisive battle which broke down the strength of the Persians and toughened the
Muslim empire even more. After this. the Muslim army advanced and captured Madain
and Jalulah one after another. At Jalulah, they signed a treaty of peace with the Persians:
however, the Persians continued their conspiracies against Islamic State. Due to their
betrayal, Muslims had to fight against them at Nihawand in 642 AD. The battle took place
in which 30,000 Muslims defeated 60,000 Persians; the Persian King Yazdgir fled from
the battlefield. It was the last battle against the Persians which sealed the fate of Persian
Empire and the whole of Persia came under Muslim rule.
Other than the Persians, the Muslims also had to fight the Byzantines on the western
borders because of their hostility against the islamic state. The Romans were defeated and
areas of Byzantine Empire on the Eastern province of Roman empire were captured by
Muslim commanders Khalid bin Waleed, Amr bin al Aas and Abu Ubaidah bin al Jarrah.
Addi tionally, the Muslim army laid siege to Damascus till 635 AD and then they had to
fight against them at Yarmuk in Pales tine in 636 AD. In the battle, the army of 40,000

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Muslims defeated 250,000 Byzantines after which the battle lasted f six days.
Consequently, Muslims conquered Syria and in 636 AD, Muslims recaptured Damascus
under Abu Ubaid bin al Jarrah.
In the meantime, Amr bin Aas laid siege to Jerusalem in 637 AD, later joined by Knalid
bin Waleed. The Christian pa arch Sophronius offered to surrender under the condition of
the Caliph himself coming to the Jerusalem. Hazrat U accepted this condition and signed
an agreement that guaranteed the safety and security of the people of Jerusalem. E Cually,
the siege was captured in 639 AD by the Muslim army under the commander Amr bin Aas.
THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR R.A
A WRITE ABOUT BATTLE OF QADISIYA AND BATTLE OF YARMUK
DURING UMAR'S CALIPHATE, [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
Battle of Qadisiya:
•Hazrat Saad was ordered to march to Qadisiya, a little fortress on the western bank of the
Ateeq (a branch of the Euphra
•From here, Hazrat Saad sent an envoy to the court of Yazdgir, the Persian Emperor, with
the message of Islam .

•The Persian Emperor insulted the envoy and turned him out of his court. To teach the
Muslims a lesson, he dispatched a large army of 120,000 men, including 300 war-elephants
was commanded by Rustum.
•The Muslim army now numbered 30,000, including 1400 of Muhammad's Companions
and 99 veterans of Badr. The soldiers had also brought their familles along, as they intended
to settle on the conquered land.
•Rustum encamped with his army on the opposite bank of the river. He intended to tire out
the Muslims or make them short of supplies before attacking.
• Arab raiding parties, which attacked the fertile Persian fields, forced the Emperor to order
Rustum to commence fighting .
• Rustum and his army crossed the river in the secrecy of the night by building a dam to
check the flow of the water.
•The battle that ensued was very fierce and lasted for 3 days and 4 nights.
•Hazrat Saad directed his forces from his sick bed.

•Eventually, the Persians lost and were killed in large numbers.

• Rustum was killed as he tried to flee the battlefield.

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•Muslims lost 8500 men and Persians lost 30,000 to 40,000 men.
• Put an end to the military might of the Persian Empire

•Arab tribes no longer hesitated to fight againstPersia and the enemies of Islam
•The whole territory between the Euphrates and the Tigris came under the control of the
Muslims.

Battle of Yarmuk:
•During the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr, Muslims had defeated the Romans on the Syrian
front.

•During the reign of Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Khalid bin Walld had now added Demancut
Jordan and State.
• In retallation, the Byzantine Emperor sent 260,000 men, who camped in the valley of
•Hazrat Abu Ubaydah rallied 40,000 men under the banner of islam
•The Byzantines offered to pay the Muslims a large sum of money if they left Syria.
•.Hazrat Abu Ubaydah offered them the usual: 1) Accept istem Pay Jaya. Prepare for ba

•The battle lasted for 6 days.

•By the afternoon of the 6th day, only 1/3 of the Byzantine army remained
•Meanwhile, a storm broke out and the fleeing Byzantines were cut down in large numbers.

•With this battle, the Byzantines lost Syria and Muslim rule was ushered in.

ANSWER:
This battle was fought against the Persians in 636 AD when the last Persian king, Yazdigir,
rose against Min the territories loses in the Battle of Buwayb. The battle was led by Rustum,
who brought 1,20,000 slong with sight corps and a large cavalry battalion. In comparison
to this, Muslim army consisted of only 20,000 men ment of Saad bin Abi Waqas, who was
sick at the time of the battle and directed the operations from the sid the battle could take
place, three conditions were presented to the Persians: to accept lam, pay jay or whe third
option was chosen by Yazdgir. A stand-off lasting for 3 months took place with skirmishes
against burde s in which the Muslims were successful.
During that time, there were desertions and defections from the Persian side. Thus, a fierce
battle finally end days resulting in the death of Rustum as he tried to swim to safety. Saad
chased the Persians to Bats where they h refuge and then after 2-month campaign, Muslims
captured Madain, the Persian capital. The emperor along w nobles fled from the place; two
thirds of the Persian army was massacred, and the Muslims lost a tr battle. The Battle of

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Qadisiya was the most decisive battle in the wars between the Arab Muslims and the
Persian empire .

also marked the beginning of the end of the great Persian dynasties that had ruled over
much of southwest a thousand years. Most importantly, it was the last major military
engagement which might have permanenty spee advance of Islam out of the Arabian
Peninsula. Following this victory, the whole temitory between the Euphs and the
Tigris came under the control of the Muslims.

THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR R.A

The Battle of Yarmuk took place in 636 AD when the reports of the fall of Damascus, and
the defeat at Fahl and Hims were given to Hercules; he was determined to recover Palestine
for Christian rule. He commanded for the mobilization of troops from all the corners of
him empire, gaining an army of 260,000 men against Muslims. Under the leadership of
Khalid bin Waleed, the Muslims forced along the river Yarmuk where negotiations
between the two armies were held. The Romans tried to convince the Muslims and even
offered them large amounts of money if they left Syria and returned to Arabia. The offer
was turned down and the usual three options were presented to the Romans, which were:
accept Islam, pay Jizya or wage war; the Romans chose the third option. The battle lasted
for 6 days and throughout the battle, Khalid bin Walced used very effectively his horse-
mounted elite unit which was moving quickly from one point to another; always changing
the course of events wherever it appeared.
The Byzantine commanders did not manage to cope with this mounted force and use the
sizable advantage of their army effectively. Their own cavalry never played a significant
role in the battle and were held in static reserve for most of the six days. They never pushed
their attacks and even when they obtained what could have been a decisive breakthrough
on the 4th day, they were unable to exploit it. There appeared to be a decided lack of resolve
among the Byzantine army, though this may have been caused by internal and personal
rivalry. Muslims suffered fatalities where 9000 men out of 40.000 were killed in the battle.
The Battle of Yarmuk proved to be of great victory for the Muslims. Its immediate effects
were the loss of Syria and Palestine for the Byzantines after which hercules moved his
capital to Constantinople. The city of Jerusa lem, which was in conflict since the Battle of
Yarmuk, later came under the power of Abu Ubaidah.

A. SUMMARY OF THE CALIPHATE OF HAZRAT UMAR.

HIGHLIGHTS:
•Hazrat Abu Bakr nominated Hazrat Umar as the next Caliph- called the "Commander of
the Faithful" and also "Ameer ul Mumineen .

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•After Hazrat Abu Bakr's death, most of the eminent Companions of Muhammad swore
allegiance to Hazrat Umar.

• Following the example ofHazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar formed
the constitution of the State on the basis of democracy.
•He also established a Majlis-e-Shura, consisting of both the Ansar and the Muhajirin. It
included prominent Companions of Muhammad and he always consulted this body before
making any important decision.
•He also established the Majlis-e-Aam, consisting of the Muhajirin, Ansar and
representatives of various tribes. This body
was called into session on special occasions.
•Each province was placed under a Wall, and each district was placed under an Amil.

• These officers had to report to Makkah on occasion of the Hajj, where the Caliph could
hear complaints against them and make decisions
•These officers also had to keep a record of their assets and property. On their retirement,
their accounts would checked to see if they had been honest or not.
•Qazis were entrusted with judicial duties and were completely independent of the Wali.
•He was the first one to establish the Departments of Military, Education, Jails and Police
etc.
• The department of Dewan was responsible for collection of all types of revenue, from the
centre as well as from the provinces .
• New taxes like Ushr (1/10th of the income of big lands; and Zakat on ownership of horses
were imposed.

A new system of distribution of money from the Bait-ul-Maal was established

•Soldiers were well looked after, but were not allowed to buy lands in the conquered
territories or live with the settepeople, they could only live in cantonments.

•Farmers were cared for as well. In conquered territories, they were allowed to relain their
lands.
•He himself patroiled the streets of Madina at night to look for people who needed help.
•Introduced the Muslims Hijri calendar, old-age pension system and census of the
population.

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ANSWER:
Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab was the second Caliph of the Muslim State and the first
Muslim leader to be called the "Com mander of the Faithful" and also "Ameer al
Mumineen". After the death of Prophet Muhammad his closest friend Haz Abu Bakr
became his successor and led the Muslims for around two years. When Hazrat Abu Bakr
felt his own dea approaching, he gathered his closest friends and advisers around him and
informed them that their allegiance to him was over. Hazrat Abu Bakr hoped that these
men would choose his successor from among themselves. However, after much de cussion
Hazrat Abu Bakr's companions returned to him and asked him to choose for them for they
trusted his choce beyond question. Hazrat Abu Bakr chose Hazrat Umar. Despite the initial
reservationis among some men of Madina, H Umar was appointed as the second Caliph of
the Muslims. He began his reign by addressing the people and immediately.
P2 THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR R.A
Explaining his expectations for himself. Hazrat Umar went on to explain to the people that
he would take nothing from what pher and produced or from the spoils of war except what
Allah ordained and that he would only spend that money in a way That was pleasing to
Allah. Hazrat Umar was acutelgy aware of the importance of financial justice, and that he
would be held accountable for every penny that belonged to the Muslims. Hazrat Umar
also informed the people that he would ncrease their salaries and provisions and guard their
borders.
When Hazrat Umar took charge of the Caliphate, the Muslim armies were fighting against
the Persians in Iraq and the Romans in Syria. The army in Syria was under the command
of Khalid bin Waleed. Hazrat Umar's first act as Khalifa was dismiss him from all his
commands, and to appoint Abu Ubaidah bin al-Jarrah as the supreme commander of the
Muslim forces in Syria. The Muslim army conquered many territories, including what are
now the upper part of Iraq, all of Syria, Pal estine, Egypt, Iran, Azerbaijan and some
provinces of Byzantine Anatolia while Hazrat Umar was Caliph. These conquests raised
some financial problems, such as the division of tghe vast spoils. Furthermore, the relations
of the conquerors with the non-Muslim residents had to be handled with great care. Hazrat
Umar held a great meeting with his governors in Syria and created strict rules for social
and financial questions. Hazrat Umar is the first Caliph to order the Islamization of con
quered lands, including convincing the people of the newly conquered territories to accept
Islam, to move a Muslim popula tion to those territories and to establish civil structures
there.

One time, many Christian prisoners were brought to Hazrat Umar, out of whom; some were
admitted to schools while others were give jobs in the government. He siso appointed a
Christian as his Chief Accountant. Also, at the time of settling the revenue system of Iraq,
Hazrat Umar called their chiefs and sought their advice.Moreover, the treaty which the

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Holy Prophet made with Christians of Najran contained a clause that they were not lowed
to take interest. However, this condition was violated by them as they started to prepare
secretly for attacking the Muslims. As soon as Hazrat Umar came to know about their
plans, he commanded to be exiled but before that, he ordered: The land of the people who
are exiled should be measured and compensated accordingly, thereafter, give them the
option go anywhere they like."
while the Christians were living, they were presented with a charter which contained three
clauses. The first one was that ne chief of Syria or Iraq, to whom these people will go, will
be under obligation to give them land cultivation. The second cause stated that every
Muslim must help them against injustice committed to them. The last clause stated that
they should be exempted for payment of Jizya for twenty-four months. Furthermore, when
the Jews of Fidak were exiled, Hazrat Umar ordered an estimate of their lands and
properties and the payment to be made from the state treasury.
One time, Hazrat Umar expressed his desire to be led to some place where he could offer
thanksgiving prayer. He was led to a church which he declined on the condition that he
would set an example for the Muslims of the following generation to forcibly convert
churches into mosques. He was then led to a place where Prophet Daud used to pray.

in his Caliphate, Hazrat Umar introduced many administrative reforms such as establishing
Majlis-e-Shura which consisted of prominent companions of the Prophet Muhammad He
also constituted a large body called Majlis-e-Aam, which con sisted of Muhajirin and Ansar
and representative of various tribes. Additionally, Hazrat Umar divided the sate into
provinces and each of the placed under the efficient governor called the Wall or the Ameer.
The Wall was not only the ruler of the province but also the military and religious head.
Further to this, Cazis were entrusted with judicial functions; they were completely
independent of the provincial governor.
Not only this, Hazrat Umar also established a department of finance which was named as
Dewan; the made garrison towns in Basra and Kufa, started the Islamic calendar and
regulated Salat and fasting for the implementation of the Quranic teachings.

ADMINISTRATION CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR R.A

CALIPH UMAR R.A'S ADMINISTRATION
PIONEER OF ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY
1. Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the pioneer of modern civilization forming a state based on the
Islamic democratic system system which was incorporated in the west as late as the 19th
and 20th century.

2. He was the greatest democratic administrator, whose example is unparalleled in the

history of Islam as well as modern chvilization.

360
3. The constitution was based entirely on the Islamic democratic system.
4. All matters were decided after consultation of the Shura.

5. Muslims and non-Muslims were treated alike.

6. His attitude towards the non-Muslims was very tolerant.
7. He allowed Jews and Christens to stay where they were living if they so wished and
nobody would interfere in their refi gious affairs.
8. Those who desired to migrate, he insured them safe journey up to the borders and also
compensated them for their prop erties and other facilities.

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC BASED UPON SHURA

There were three main types of Shuras:
1.Shura-e-Khaas (higher advisory council) - consisting of prominent and popular
companions like Usman, All, Abdur Rehman bin Auf, etc.
2 The second Shura was general advisory council which consisted of many companions
from Ansar and Muhajirin, includng chiefs of various clans and tribes.

3 The third type of Shura was ranked in between higher and general advisory council
consisting of selected companions among the Ansar and Muhajirin.
4.Whenever a Shura was called every member was allowed the freedom of speech without
any fear or hesitation.
5. Before putting the matters before the Shura, Hazrat Umar used to offer two rakahs of
Nafl.
6. Decisions were usually taken on the basis of unanimity or sometimes by the majority,
but the caliph was not bound to accept the decision on the majority.

7.In the interest of Islam and Muslims, he could use the power of veto if he considered it
proper.
PROVISIONAL ADMINISTRATION

1.Hazrat Umar (RA) divided the whole Islamic state into various provinces, each with its
separate capital
2. The capital of the state was Madinah 3. Title of the provisional governor was "Wali"
(chief administrator) and generally the supreme commander of the armed forces of the
province.

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4. Each province had a treasury officer, a revenue collector, chief police officer, and a
judge.

5. In provinces, where the governor was not holding the position of commander, a separate
commander was appointed.
6. Provinces were further divided into districts, each administered by an officer called an
"Amil" 7. All officers were paid high salaries so that may not indulge in bribery and
corruption.
JUDICIARY

8. Judicial functions were insisted on Qazis.

Qazi was completely free of executive administration and completely independent of the
provincial gover

3. They were paid good salaries so that there was not even the slightest chance of bribery.
4. Once Hazrat Umar as a caliph himself appeared before a Qazi to defend himself in a
case.

5. Qazi's appointed by Hazrat Umar were the most pious, truthful and trustworthy Muslims
of his perios
6. Muslims and non-Muslims were both equal in his justice.

7. Once a Muslim killed a Christian and Hazrat Umar infected capital punishment upon
him.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
1. Hazrat Umar took a special interest in imparting Islamic knowledge in Muslims.
2. He established schools for teaching the Quran in all conquered territory.

3. These schools were located in the Masjid and the teachers received a good salary.
4. Besides teaching the Quran they also trained the people in reading and writing.
5. It was compulsory for every Muslim to memorize sufficient part in the Quran, Surah Al-
Baqarah, Al-Nisa, Al-Maidan, Al-Haji, and Al-Noor (in these Surahs, Islamic laws and
principles are described in detail).
6. They also appointed teachers to teach hadith and Islamic law.

POLICE DEPARTMENT AND INSTITUTION OF PRISONS

1. Hazrat Umar was the first Muslim head of state who established the police department .

362
 2. He bought five houses in Makkah and used them as prisons as there was no jail in Arabia
before.

ADMINISTRATION CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR R.A

3. Also, set up jails in some districts in various provinces.
4. Punishment of exile was introduced by Hazrat Umar for the first time.

BAIT-UL-MAL & REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

1. During Hazrat Umar's caliphate, Bait-ul-mal was immensely enlarged.
2. Guards were also appointed for the Bait-ul-mal.

3. Regular accounts were kept for the central and public treasuries.
4. Following were the main sources of revenue:
a. Jizya (defense tax)
b.Zakat (poor tax)
c. Kharaj (Land tax)
d. Ushr (special land tax)

e. War booty (income from conquered places)

f. Tax on non-Muslim merchants/traders (because they did not pay zakat)
5. Zakat fund was kept in special account books and spent in accordance with Islamic laws.

6. From the rest of the funds, general administration and war fairs were met.
7. The surplus was distributed among Muslims.
8. The stipend was given to every Muslim, whether male or female.
9. Even newborn babies were given stipend.
10.The Jizya was not taken from the non-Muslims who were serving in the army due to
their service

CONSTRUCTION OF MASJIDS
1. Many schools and Masjids were built by Hazrat Umar (R.A).

2. Each governor was ordered to build one masjid in every city or town.
3. Masjid-e-Haram in Makkah was too small for the increasing Muslim population, so he
extended it.

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4. Masjid of the Holy Prophet was also extended.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS & NEW CITIES

1. A number of rest houses were built for travelers.
2. New roads and bridges were also built.
3. The road between Makkah and Madinah was broadened and a number of rest houses and
police posts were built on t road.
4. A number of canals were constructed for irrigation and for the supply of fresh water.
5.A number of new cites were found. Kufa and Basra made cantonment cities for Muslim
armies.

SPECIAL CARE OF AGRICULTURE

1. Hazrat Umar took special care of the welfare of agriculture and farmers.
2. He dug a number of canals for irrigation.
3. A number of gardens were planted on his order.
4. He made a law under which no Muslim could acquire land from the natives of the soul
in the conquered territories however, land could be purchased.
5. He supported both Muslim and non-Muslim farmers.
6. Big pools and barrages were constructed for the supply of water in various parts of the
state.

INTRODUCTION OF THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR

1. For the first time in the history of Islam, the Islamic calendar was introduced in the
present form by Hazrat Umar (RA)
2. The date of start of this calendar was fixed as the date of hijra (migration) of the Holy
Prophet (S.A.W).

REGULAR ARMY
1. One of the biggest achievement of Hazrat Umar was to keep regular armies of the state.

2. The army personnel were well paid, and their families also got allowances.
3. Hazrat Umar did not allow the army personnel to hold land in the conquered territories.
4. Cantonments were built for soldiers, where they lived in accordance with Islamic
practices. 5. Besides the commanding officers, the army had translators, doctors, surgeons,
and detectives.

364
6. Each corps of soldiers was headed by an officer "Arief" whose duty was to distribute the
salary, dress and other nece sities.

7. No regular military personnel was allowed to do business or agriculture.

8. It was compulsory for every soldier to be trained in swimming, riding and walking
barefooted besides other military training.

9. The army was generally divided into cavalry and infantry.

10. Stables were provided with big pastures and special care was taken of the horses.
11. There were big granaries in cantonments to supply food to the military personnel.

ADMINISTRATION CALIPH HAZRAT UMAR R.A

12 Special arrangements were made to protect the frontiers and a number of fortresses were
built there.
13. Special care was taken of the health of army personnel.
14. The mail system was very efficient and suitable persons were appointed to carry mail
from the army to Madina and vice versa.

15. The caliph was the commander in chief of the armed forces. He delegated his powers
to a nominated commander in chief of each army or provinceg.
16. There was a regular military code during Hazrat Umar's time. No soldier whose family
was not residing in the carton ment was allowed to be away from his family for more than
four months. After months they could visit their homes on holidays.

17. The same code was also applied to those civil servants whose family were away from
them.

GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAMIC HISTORY

1. Hazrat Umar (R.A) initiated around 41 good practices in his period which were based
upon the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (S.A.W).
2. Hazrat Umar was the founder of Islamic democracy based upon the Holy Quran and the
Sunnah.
3. The words of the Holy Prophet are very true, "If there were to be a Prgophet after me,
he would have been Umar bin Al-Khattab."

THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT USMAN R.A

365
A. HOW WAS HAZRAT USMAN ELECTED AS CALIPH? GIVE DESCRIPTION
OF THE EXPANSION OF THE ISLAMIC STATE AND THE CHANGE OF
GOVERNORS DURING THE CALIPHATE. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
ELECTION AS CALIPH:
•Hazrat Umar told the following people to choose the next Caliph from among themselves:
Hazrat Usman II) Hazrat Ali ) Hazrat Talha M) Hazrat Zubair V) Hazrat Abdur Rehman
bin Aut V) Hazrat Saad bin Ab Wages

•Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf was not willing to shoulder the responsibilities of being a
Caliph and Hazrat Talha was net in Madina at the time of Hazrat Umar's death.
•Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf agreed to act as a judge in the choosing of the next Caliph.

•After having consulted with the contestants, prominent Companions and the populace, he
determined that the majority favored Hazrat Usman.
•Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf and all the other contestants took the Bayt at the hands of
Hazrat Usman. Thus, Hazrat Usman was selected as the 3rd Caliph on 4 Muharram, 24
AH.

CONQUESTS IN THE EAST AND WEST:

•Most foreign rulers thought that it would be easy to wrest control of territories from the
kind-hearted Hazrat Usman,

• There were several serious uprisings in in the East and Byzantine in the West.
•Within the 1st year of his Caliphate, he swiftly crushed these rebellions.
During his reign, the whole of North Africa was conquered, including the countries of
Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
•The island of Cyprus was also captured.
•Thus, by Hazrat Usman's reign, the Muslim Empire stretched from Morocco to Kabul

CHANGE OF GOVERNORS:
•His relatives were appointed in four provinces namely Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra.
•These provinces held great importance, the situation demanded that there should be
governors who were loyal to him and enjoyed his confidence as a Khalifa.
•The four main governors were Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan, Abdullah bin Saad, Waleed bin
Ugba, and lastly. Abdullah bin Amir.

366
•None of the governors appointed by Hazrat Usman proved to be a failure.

ANSWER:
A his death bed, Hazrat Umar nominated a board of six members (Shura) who were
required to elect one of them as the next Caliph. The group consisted of Saad bin Abi
Waqas, Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Zubair ibn Awwam, Talha, Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Usman.
To regulate the group and ensure that no single person would stop the process, Umar said
that they should all agree unanimously on the next Caliph.
Al these persons were amongst the most eminent companions of the holy prophet, whom
he had given the glad tidings of paradise during their life. Initially, Hazrat Umar's choice
was fixed upon Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah for his distinguishing qualities; however, he passed
away during the lifetime of Hazrat Umar. Other person of choice was Abdur Rehman bin
Auf: however, he was not ready to shoulder such huge responsibility. Of the remaining
nominees, Talha was absent in Madinah, herefore limiting the choice to the remaining four
members. The decision belonged to Abdur Rehman bin Auf, since he retired from the
contest, to choose the Khalita out of the remaining four, consulting each member separately
as to his pinion. The opinions were as follows: Saad supported Hazrat Usman while Zubair
mentioned both Hazrat Usman and Hazrat Ali; Hazrat Usman chose Hazrat Ali and Hazrat
Ali gave the name of Hazrat Usman. Other prominent men were also asked of their opinion
and the conclusion showed that majority of the people favoured Hazrat Usman, thus, he
was declared is the elected Khalifa. Abdur Rehman bin Auf was the first to take the Bayt
or Pledge, followed by Hazrat Ali and other com panions, leading to general Bayt. As a
result, on 4th Muharram 644 AD, Hazrat Usman became the third Khalifa of the Muslim
empire. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT USMAN R.A
Considering the kind heartedness of Hazrat Usman, the foreign powers felt it was easier
for them to extort their territories from the Muslims which they conquered during the
Caliphate of Hazrat Umar Along with this, there was an uprising in Persia in the east and
simultaneously in Byzantine in the west. Except Hazrat Usman proved to be a great army
commander who tackled the situation with sagacity and firmness, and within the first year
of his Caliphate, he was able to crush these revolts. Under his khilafat, the Muslims
conquered the whole of North Africa, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Not only this,
the island of Cyprus was also conquered. An astounding fact is highlighted; the first or
eight year of Hazrat Usman's Caliphate reminded of the glorious ruler Hazrat Umar and
the expansion of Islamic state from Morocco to Kabul.
Moving towards the governors, at the time of Hazrat Usman, there were twelve provinces
in the country he his relatives. His relatives were appointed in four provinces namely
Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra. The reason for appointing his cousins was because of the
fact that these provinces held great importance, not to bestow high offices to his own family

367
members. The situation demanded that there should be governors who were loyal to him
and enjoyed his confidence as a Khalifa.

The four main governors were Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan, Abdullah bin Saad, Waleed bin
Ugba, and lastly, Abdullah bin Amir.
Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan was the nephew of Hazrat Usman who was appointed by Hazrat
Umar as the Governor of Syria and Hazrat Usman let him continue to be in the office.
Second was Abdullah bin Saad, who was a foster brother of Hazrat Usman, was also
appointed as the governor of Egypt by Hazrat Umar. He continued to hold the office under
Hazrat Usman and proved to be a successful governor. Third was Waleed bin Ugba,
appointed in place of his half-brother Saad bin Abi Wagas when he failed to control the
situation and was deposed. Waleed justified this selection and during the first five years of
his rule, he served the people of Kufa to the best of his ability. However, there was an
agitation in Kufa due to which Hazrat Usman deposed Waleed in public interest. Last
governor was Abdullah bin Amr, the cousin of previous governor Abu Musa Ashari who
was deposed at the demand of the people of Basra. Abdullah was chosen according to the
wishes of the people of Basra and proved to be highly triumphant. He again conquered the
whole of Fars. Seestan and Khurasan.

Conclusively speaking, none of the governors appointed by Hazrat Usman proved to be a

failure.

A. WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF REVOLT AGAINST HAZRAT USMAN AND

WHAT CHARGES WERE MADE AGAINST HIM? [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
.•His relatives were appointed in four provinces namely Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra.
•These provinces held great importance, the situation demanded that there should be
govemors who were loyal to hi and enjoyed his confidence as a Khalifa
•The four main governors were Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan, Abdullah bin Saad, Waleed bin
liqba, and lastly, Abdullah bin Amir.
•None of the governors appointed by Hazrat Usman proved to be a failure

CAUSES OF THE REVOLT AGAINST HAZRAT USMAN:

•The Islamic State contained many tribes and nationalities which had been subjugated.
Although some of them had accepted Islam, they still grudged their defeat and Islam had
not imbibed their hearts.
•The Jews who had lost their religious and social importance conspired against Islam.

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•When Hazrat Usman learnt of the activities of these conspirators, he expelled them from
Kufa and Basra. These conspira tors widened their sphere of activity. Especially in Egypt,
where a number of Jews who had only outwardly accepted islam joined hands with them
One of these Jews, Abdullah bin Sabe, instigated Muslims in the name of Hazrat All in
Kuta, Batra, Madina and Egypt and sowed the seeds of dissension amongst them.

•. Rivalry in the Quraish themselves, i.e. between the Hashimites and Umayyads weakened
the power of Hazrat Usman. Old tribal jealousies began to raise their head.
•Hazrat Usman's leniency encouraged his enemies.

CHARGES AGAINST HAZRAT USMAN:

Nepotism:
It was alleged that Hazrat Usman appointed his •inefficient relatives as governors in four
provinces out of the twelve in the Muslim State. i.e. Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra
THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT USMAN R.A
•It is also alleged that Hazrat Usman was weak and did not exercise a check on his
governors Actually, he had his governors in confidence and they enjoyed much
independence from the center.
•He did not wish to interfere in their day-to-day affairs.

•Burning of old of the Holy Quran:

•Rebels raised hue and cry that Hazrat Usman had maliciously burnt copies of the Quran.
•Hazrat Usman answered each and every one of the rebels' charges in the presence of
•Hazrat Ali and some Companions: they were satisfied.
•.The rebels stuck to their point-of-view and prepared to march on Madina from Egypt,
Kufa and Basra, with a contingent of 1,000 men coming from each region.
•Finding the people of Madina ready to defend their city disappointed the rebels.
•Hazrat Ali tried to argue with them and they finally agreed to turn back if Hazrat Usman
would appoint Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as governor of Egypt in place of Abdullah bin
Saad.

ANSWER:
Fazrat Usman was Khalifa for twelve years. The power grid which he had inherited from
Hazrat Umar, worked relatively well for the first half of his reign. There was peace for him
and for the Muslims. But in the second half, discontent began to build up against him, and

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it went on building up until it reached the flash point in A.D, 656 when an enraged and
outraged nob killed him in his own palace in Madina.

Firstly, Hazrat Usman's leniency allowed the troublemakers to wreak havoc for him. It
encouraged evil elements in the Muslim State, and it was fuelled even more due to his
forgiving and sympathetic nature. The provincial governors started getting bolder and
disobey his commands. One main conspirator, Abdullah bin Saba was motivated to destroy
the peace islam. He was a clever Yemenite Jew who accepted islam for his own interest
and took a leading part in the agitation against Hazrat Usman. His followers grew as they
had the same motive as him, also created new beliefs and started preach ing it secretly to
people in order to deceive them. He visited Madina where he acted as a pious believer but
could not gain many followers, so he went to Basra to preach his beliefs and gain
supporters. They made a great show of piety and posed to be very pious, forged complaints
against the governor and Caliphs, started a new campaign against officer by calling them
bad and irreligious Muslims. He also forged letters by spreading them around town which
many people started to accept. On one side, they incited people against the governors and
on the other hand, they accused the Caliph of nepotism.
Secondly, The Islamic State contained many tribes and nationalities which had been
conquered. Although some of them had accepted Islam, they still grudged their defeat and
Islam had not imbibed their hearts. Besides, it allowed the Arabs to acquire lands in the
newly conquered areas and settle in the new provinces; one of the main factor between the
hostility between the Arabs and the inhabitants of the newly conquered areas. Not only
this, the Jews who had lost their religious and social importance conspired against Islam.
They always believed that Islam was an enemy of the system of exploita tion, and of the
capitalist system. They began to see Islam as a threat to their economic interests.
Thirdly, there was always and open rivalry against the tribes of Quraish especially between
the house of Hashimile and the Umayyad which weakened the power of the Caliph. The
Muslims resented their arrogance and the vulgar and inflammatory isplay by them of their
riches and power. This rivalry existed way before the advent of Islam. However, it was
suppressed during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet and the first two Caliphs. The ruling
class was made up exclusively of the members of the clan of Umayyad - the clan to which
Hazrat Usman himself belonged. The Umayyads, under Hazrat Usman, reached undreamed
of affluence and the ultimate arrogance of power. This rivalry again emerged during the
time of Hazrat Usman, the Hashimites could not tolerate the rule of the Umayyad for long,
and Hazrat Usman could not muster the support of the Quraish because of his inclination
towards his own kinsmen.
There were several charges against Hazrat Usman out of which nepotism and favouritism
was the most prominent. During the Caliphate of Hazrat Usman, there were twelve
provinces in the country where he appointed his relatives. His relatives were appointed in

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four provinces namely Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra. The reason for appointing his cousins
was because of the fact that these provinces held great importance, not to bestow high
offices to his own family members. The situation demanded that there should be governors
who were loyal to him and enjoyed his confidence as a Khalifa.
The four main governors were Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan, Abdullah bin Saad, Waleed bin
Ugba, and lastly, Abdullah bin Amir Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan was the nephew of Hazrat
Usman who was appointed by Hazrat Umar as the Governor of Syria and Hazrat Usman
let him continue to be in the office. Second was Abdullah bin Saad, who was a foster
brother of Hazrat Usman, was also appointed as the governor of Egypt by Hazrat Umar.
He continued to hold the office under Hazrat Usman and proved to be a successful
governor. Third was Waleed bin Ugba, appointed in place of his half-brother Saad bin Abi
Waqas when he failed to control the situation and was deposed. Waleed justified this
selection and during the first five years of his rule, he served the people of Kufa to the best
of his ability. However, there was an agitation in Kufa due to which Hazrat Usman deposed
Waleed in public interest. Last governor was Abdullah bin Amr, the cousin of previous
governor Abu Musa Ashari who was deposed at the demand of the people of Basra.
Abdullah was chosen according to the wishes of the people of Basra and proved to be
highly triumphant. He again conquered the whole of Fars, Seestan and Khurasan.
Lastly, rebels raised hue and cry that Hazrat Usman had maliciously burnt copies of the
Quran. After the compilation of Durans, different versions of the Quran were overheard
being recited. In order to decrease any differences between Muslims, Hazrat Usman
commanded one standard of Quran to be used as guidance and the rest to be destroyed by
burning. However, the rebels stuck to their point-of-view and prepared to march on Madina
from Egypt, Kufa and Basra, with a contingent of 1,000 men coming from each region. To
mitigate the uprising, Hazrat Ali tried to argue with them and they finally agreed to turn
back if Hazrat Jsman would appoint Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as governor of Egypt in
place of Abdullah bin Saad.

G. DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF HAZRAT USMAN DURING

HIS CALIPHATE
HIGHLIGHTS:
ELECTION AS CALIPH
Hazrat Umar told the following pesole to choose the next Calph from among them selves
i)Hazrat Ali Hazrat Umar.ii).Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam iii).Hazrat Talha V) Fazrat Saad
bin Abi Waqas vi). Hazrat Abdur Rahman

•Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf was not willing to shoulder the responsibilities of being a
Caliph and Harran Taha was in Madina at the time of Hazrat Umar's death.

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•Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf agreed to act as a judge in the choosing of the next Caliph
•After having consulted with the contestants, prominent Companions and the populace, he
determined that the mapety favored Hazrat Usman.
•Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf and all the other contestants took the Bayt at the hands of
Hazrat Usman. Thus, Haral Usman was selected as the 3rd Caliph on 4 Muharram, 24 AH.

CONQUESTS IN THE EAST AND WEST:

•Most foreign rulers thought that it would be easy to wrest control of territories from the
kind-hearted Hazrat Usman.

•There were several serious uprisings in Persia in the East and Byzantine in the West.
•Within the 1st year of his Caliphate, he swiftly crushed these rebellions.
•During his reign, the whole of North Africa was conquered, including the present countries
of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
•The island of Cyprus was also captured.
•Thus, by Hazrat Usman's reign, the Muslim Empire stretched

CAUSES OF THE REVOLT AGAINST HAZRAT USMAN:

•The Islamic State contained many tribes and nationalities which had been subjugated.
Although some of them had accepted islam, they still grudged their defeat and Islam had
not imbibed their hearts
• The Jews who had lost their religious and social importance conspired against Islam.

• When Hazrat Usman learnt of the activities of these conspirators, he expelled them from
Kufa and Basra. These conspira tors widened their sphere of activity. Especially in Egypt,
where a number of Jews who had only outwardly accepted islam joined hands with them
One of these Jews, Abdullah bin Saba, instigated Muslims in the name of Hazrat Ali in
Kuta, Basra, Madina and Egypt and sowed the seeds of dissension amongst them.
•Rivalry in the Quraish themselves, i.e. between the Hashimites and Umayyads weakened
the power of Hazrat Usman.Old tribal jealousies began to raise their head.
•Hazrat Usman's leniency encouraged his enemies.

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THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT USMAN R.A
CHARGES AGAINST HAZRAT USMAN:

Nepotism:
•It was alleged that Hazrat Usman appointed his inefficient relatives as governors in four
provinces out of the the in the Muslim State, i.e. Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra.

Leniency
• It is also alleged that Hazrat Usman was weak and did not exercise a check on his
governors.

•Actually, he had his governors in confidence and they enjoyed much independence from
the center .
•He did not wish to interfere in their day-to-day affairs.
Burning of old copies of the Holy Quran:
• Rebels raised hue and cry that Hazrat Usman had maliciously burnt copies of the Quran.
•Hazrat Usman answered each and every one of the rebels' charges in the presence of
Hazrat Ali and some Companions: they were satisfied.
• The rebels stuck to their point-of-view and prepared to march on Madina from Egypt,
Kufa and Basra, with a contingent of 1,000 men coming from each region.

•. Finding the people of Madina ready to defend their city disappointed the rebels.
•Hazrat Ali tried to argue with them and they finally agreed to turn back if Hazrat Usman
would appoint Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as governor of Egypt in place of Abdullah bin
Saad

Martyrdom of Hazrat Usman:

•.The rebels returned 4 days later, shouting for revenge.
•They claimed that they had intercepted an order of Hazrat Usman to the governor of Egypt
to kill Muhammad bin Abu Bakr and his companions upon their arrival.

•Hazrat Usman swore that he had sent no such order.

•The rebels told Hazrat Usman to abdicate or he would be disposed.
•When Hazrat Usman refused, they besieged his house and cut off all supplies of food and
water. •Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Zubair deputed their sons to protect Hazrat Usman and bring
him food and water.
•Hazrat Usman refused all offers of military help as he did not want to shed Muslim blood.

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•The siege lasted for 50 days.
•Some rebels scaled the back walls of Hazrat Usman's house, jumped in and mercilessly
killed him while he was reading the Holy Quran.
•When Hazrat Usman's wife, Nalla, tried to save him, she was pushed away and her fingers
were cut off.

•This tragic event took place on 18 Zil-Haj, 35 AH.

• Hazrat Usman's martyrdom shattered Muslim unity and serious differences arose
between the Muslims who were now divided into parties - the Hashimites and the
Umayyads.

ANSWER:
After the death of the second Caliph Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman was selected as the third
Caliph of Muslims in AD. During his Caliphate, his regime constituted a glorious period
in the history of Islam in which the territories of an Islamic state were quietly extended. He
ruled over a vast part of the then known world, right from Kabul to Morocco. He put down
the rebellions with an iron hand and continued the tradition of Hazrat Umar by expanding
the islamic state to far off non-Arab countries. During his Caliphate, there was ultimate
glorification of Islamic State through victories over Byzantine and Roman empires and
capturing the North African territories as well. Actually, Islam was at the peak of its glory
during the period of Hazrat Usman. He was known as "Khalifate Allah", a title shorter than
his predecessors.
At the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr, the Quran was assembled together in written form and
was kept with his daughter Hatsa, the spouse of the Holy Prophet. However, due to the
expansion of the islamic state to other corners of the words, Hazrat Usman noticed
differences in the recitation of Holy Quran, so he directed Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit to make
multiple copies of the same Quran he had written in the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr to help
save the Quranic text from any possible editions and bring people to a common way of
recital process. For this, he is known as "Jami ul-Quran" meaning "The compiler of the
Quran."

Hazrat Usman's realm extended in the west to Morocco, in the east to Afghanistan, and in
the north to Armenia and Azerbai jan. During his Caliphate, a navy was organized,
administrative divisions of the state were revised, and many public projects were expanded
and completed. Hazrat Usman gent prominent companions of the Prophet as his personal
deputies to various provinces to scrutinize the conduct of officials and the condition of the
people. Hazrat Usman continued administrative reforms of Hazrat Umar, for example, the
Majis-e-Shura was maintained. He used to hear public complaints after Friday prayers.

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Furthermore, he also relaxed some of the restrictions placed by Hazrat Umar such as
slowing Arabs. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT USMAN R.A

to purchase land outside of Arabia. Hazrat Usinan also raised salaries and allowances up
to 25%
Usman ruled for twelve years. The first six years were marked by internal peace and
tranquility, but during the second half of his Caliphate a rebellion arose. The Jews started
taking advantage of dissatisfaction among the people, began conspir ing against Hazrat
Usman, and by publicly airing their complaints and grievances, gained so much sympathy
that it became difficult to distinguish friend from foe.
Hazrat Usman opened the gates of the public treasury to his relatives. He gave them rich
presents, vast estates and high ranks. Then, as if he had not done enough for them, he
forbade the citizens of Medina to graze their camels and cattle in the pastures around the
city. These pastures had been made a public endowment by the Prophet but according to
the new ordinance of Usman, only those animals could graze in them which belonged either
to himself or to the Banu Umayyad
There were several charges against Hazrat Usman out of which nepotism and favouritism
was the most prominent. During the Caliphate of Hazrat Usman, there were twelve
provinces in the country where he appointed his relatives. His relatives were appointed in
four provinces namely Egypt, Syria, Kufa and Basra. The reason for appointing his cousins
was because of the fact that these provinces heid great importance, not to bestow high
offices to his own family members. The situation demanded that there should be governors
who were loyal to him and enjoyed his confidence as a Khalifa.

The four main governors were Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan, Abdullah bin Saad, Waleed bin
Ligba, and lastly, Abdullah bin Amir.
Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan was the nephew of Hazrat Usman who was appointed by Hazrat
Umar as the Governor of Syria and Hazrat Usman let him continue to be in the office.
Second was Abdullah bin Saad, who was a foster brother of Hazrat Usman, was also
appointed as the governor of Egypt by Hazrat Umar. He continued to hold the office under
Hazrat Usman and proved to be a successful governor. Third was Waleed bin Uqba,
appointed in place of his half-brothe: Saad bin Abi Waqas when he failed to control the
situation and was deposed. Waleed justified this selection and during the first five years of
his rule, he served the people of Kufa to the best of his ability. However, there was an
agitation in Kufa due to which Hazrat Usman deposed Waleed in public interest. Last
governor was Abdullah bin Amr, the cousin of previous governor Abu Musa Ashari who
was deposed at the demand of the people of Basra. Abdullah was chosen according to the
wishes of the people of Basra and proved to be highly triumphant. He again conquered the
whole of Fars, Seestan and Khurasan.Other than this, rebels raised hue and cry that Hazrat

375
Usman had maliciously burnt coples of the Quran. After the compila tion of Qurans,
different versions of the Quran were overheard being recited. In order to decrease any
differences between Muslims, Hazrat Usman commanded one standard copy of Quran to
be used as guidance and the rest to be destroyed by burning. However, the rebels stuck to
their point-of-view and prepared to march on Madina from Egypt, Kufa and Basra, with a
contingent of 1,000 men coming from each region. To mitigate the uprising, Hazrat Ali
tried to argue with them and they finally agreed to turn back if Hazrat Usman would appoint
Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as governor of Egypt in place of Abdullah bin Saad.

In 656 AD, troops from all three provinces advanced on Madina to take their complaints
directly to the Caliph. The force arrived first and angrily besieged Hazrat Usman in his
house, but when he agreed to their demands, they were pacified. They started to go back
home, but when they heard that he tricked them; they turned back and began a second siege.
The siege lasted some time, during which some of the Muslims tried to halp hazrat Usman
but were prevented by him. Hazrat Abu Bakr 's son, Muhammad, entered the house and
murdered the Caliph while he was reading the Quran with blood shedding on its pages.
Hazrat Usman's burial took place in secrecy by his family.

THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ALI R.A

A MAIN EVENTS OF THE CALIPHATE OF HAZRAT ALI TILL HIS DEATH.

HIGHLIGHTS:

ELECTION:
1.There was no Caliph of Islam for three days after Hazrat Usman's murder Medina was
completely in the grip of the rioters

2.Most of the Companions had left Medina during the dark days of the holocaust (a war in
which very many ordinary people are killed). The few who remained felt absolutely
helpless.
3. After three days, when the rebels decided to return to their homes, they felt it was
necessary that the new Caliph should be chosen before they left Medina.
4. In this connection there were differences among the rebels:

5. One group favored the election of All (Egypt); another favored the election of Talha
(Kufa) while the third wanted Zubair Basta)
6. The Egyptians and some prominent companions requested Hazrat Ali to accept the office
of the Caliph, but he refused.
7. The rebels then offered the Khilafat to Talha and Zubair, but they too refused.

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8.They next requested the Ansar to choose a Caliph from amongst themselves, but they
declined and said in that in the presence of Ali, no one else deserved to be the Caliph.

9. There was a complete deadlock in the matter of election.

10. They then gave the ultimatum that unless the Caliph was chosen within the next 24
hours, they would be forced to take some drastic action imass murder).

11. Hazrat All had talks with those of the Companions who were still in Medina. They
favored him to forward and serve the people.
12. So Hazrat All agreed to take responsibility of guiding the affairs of the Muslims. He
consented to become the fourth Caliph of Islam.
13. All came to the Prophet's Mosque to receive the pledge of loyalty, Malik Ushtar was
the first to take the pledge. He was followed by other people.

14. Talha and Zubair, the two noted Companions, were in Medina at the time. They were
among the six electors nominated
by Umar. Hazrat All wanted to have their confidence. Both of them took the pledge.

15. Members of the Umayyad family all fled to Syria. They took away with them the blood-
stained shirt of the late Caliph and the chopped fingers of his wife, Naila.
16. Hazrat Ali knew well that difficult times lay ahead. The forces of lawlessness had been
unleashed. It would require tireless work, great patience and much tact to restore law and
order. All hoped to accomplish the task with the co-operation of his people.

CHANGE OF GOVERNORS:
1. On becoming the Caliph, Hazrat Ali felt that in the interest of the state, it was necessary
that there should be a change in the provincial governors.

2. He therefore decided to remove the governors appointed by Usman and appoint new
people to take their place.
3. Many of his friends advised him not to take such a step before establishing himself as
the Caliph
4 With regard to Muawiya, the governor of Syria, they particularly asked him not to
interfere because the appointment of Muawiya was not made by Usman but by Umar

5. Also, because he was popular in Syria and the people were happy with him.
6. Against the advice of his friends, Ali decided to replace Muawiya also along with the
others.

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7. He appointed new governors for Syria, Egypt, Kufa, Basra and Yemen. Then he sent
them to take charge of their provinces.

8.The governors appointed in the provinces of Basra, Egypt and Yemen was able to take
charge of their provinces without any resistance.
9. But the governor for Kufa had to return to Medina after having failed to assume the
charge of his office.
10. Similarly, the Governor for Syria was met by a Syrian army who told him to go back
as they did not acknowledge All as the Caliph. Muawiya was not ready to accept Ali as
Caliph. The main crisis started here

BATTLE OF CAMEL (JAMAL):

1. Banu Umayyads who were in power in Syria raised a cry for revenge for Usman's blood.

2. Exhibited the blood-stained clothes of Usman and the chopped fingers of his wife to
instigate the people
3. Many people in Makkah and Medina also joined them and demanded punishment for
the assassins.
4. Ali agreed but argued that he would do so only after re-establishing peace in the country.
He realized that the assassination of Usman was not the work of a few individuals who
could be easily punished. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ALI
R.A

5. Due to the chaotic conditions during the last days of Uthman it was very difficult to
establish the identity of the murder ers, and All refused to punish anyone whose quilt was
not lawfully proved.
6. When Telha and Zubair, who were the first to acknowledge All as a Caliph, saw that he
was taking no positive steps to avenge Usman's death, they became furious
7. They approached Hazrat Ayesha, who was herself deeply grieved at Usman's murder,
and prevailed (influenced) upon her to join them in demanding revenge for Usman's
murder.
8. They raised an army of 15,000 men and persuaded Ayesha to accompany them.

9. In the meantime, Ali was preparing a 20,000 army to cope with the situation in Syria
whose governor Muawiya had refused to take oath of allegiance. He diverted his attention
towards Basra and met Ayesha's forces in October 656. 10. All did not wish to fight Ayesha
and sent one of the Prophet's companions to assure her that the delay in punishing the
murderers of Usman was due to non-availability of evidence.

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11. Ayesha also wanted to prevent bloodshed and agreed to negotiate. The negotiations
began between the two parties and ended in mutual agreement.

12. This was not in favor of the rebels who had gone to such great lengths to cause fighting
amongst the Muslims.
13. A band of them masterminded an attack on Ayesha's army during the night, provoking
them to retaliate against Ali's army.
14. In the fighting that followed, Talha and Zubair were killed. Ayesha's own camel was
finally overpowered, and its legs were cut, thus giving the name Battle of the Camel to this
event.
15. She was treated with respect and honor and was sent to Medina escorted by her brother
where she led a retired life and never took part in politics again.

16. 10,000 combatants lay dead from both sides in this very first civil war of Islam.
17. As a result of the victory at Basra, All's Khilafat came to be acknowledged by the entire
Muslim world except Syria.

18. After this battle, Ali shifted the capital to Kufa.18.

FINAL INVITATION TO HAZRAT MU'AWIYAH

1. Hazrat All (RA) turned his attention towards Hazrat Muawiya (R.A)..

2. Hazrat All (RA) at that time was ruling over the whole Islamic State with the exception
of Syria.

3. The peace minded Hazrat Ali (RA) wanted a peaceful settlement and therefore, wrote a
letter to Hazrat Muawiya (RA) asking him to take the pledge of loyalty at his hand in the
interest of Islam and the unity of the Muslims. But Hazrat Muawiya apain demanded of
him to avenge Hazrat Usman's assassins first.
4. When Hazrat Muawiya sent his messenger to Hazrat All to put the demand to hand over
the assassins, 10,000 men of Hazrat All's army said with one voice: "All of us are the
assassins of Usman (RA)."
5. Hazrat Ali (RA) then said to the messengers, Hazrat Muslimah, "You can see for yourself
the situation. I am still unable to find out the real assassins."

6. Hazrat Muawiya was still determined not to give up his demand.

7.A war was becoming inevitable.

BATTLE OF SIFFIN
1. The situation forced Hazrat All (RA) to march out against Syria.

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2.50.000 Muslims came out under his banner to fight under the banner of Hazrat Ali(RA)
3. When Muawiya (RA) came to know about Hazrat Al's advance, he too proceeded with
a vast army and occupied a beer position in the field
4. Hazrat All (RA) encamped at Siffin and Hazrat Muawiya on the other side of Siffin
5. Hazrat All's intention was not to shed Muslim blood in vain, therefore again tried and
sent a deputation of three men on a peace mission to Hazrat Muawiye (RA).
6. Hazrat Muawiya (RA) again demanded that the assassins be slain before any
compromise can be reached and that he was demanding this as a "Wali" inext of kin of a
murdered person) of Hazrat Usman.
7.The demand was again refused by Hazrat All (RA) on the ground that he was not able to
locate the real assassins and it would need some time, and that the Pledge of Loyalty must
be taken without any condition.
8. In the month of Dhul Hijjah, Hazrat Ali (RA) ordered his troops to take positions. But
the Muslim army on both sides was reluctant to fight each other

9. in the beginning fighting began with single combats followed by light encounters of
single battalions and the whole month of Dhul Hijjah ended without any big fight.
10. When the moon of Muharram appeared Hazrat All and Muawiya made a truce for one
month
11. During this time he again got an opportunity for renewed peace talks.

12. Hazrat All (RA) sent another deputation but it failed as well
13. On the evening of the last day of Muharram, Hazrat All (RA) gave orders to his army
to attack the Syrianbecause they had been given enough time to think

.14. Hazrat Ali (RA) pave strict orders that any person who left the field or ran away should
not be killed. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ALI R.A
15.Hazrat Muawiya (R.A) gave the same order to his army.

16.The war started on 1st Safar, 37 A.H.

17. For 7 days the battle continued with a lot of causalities.
18. Everyday a new battalion used to fight from each side under a new commander.

19. On the 8th day, the whole army of Hazrat Ali (RA) clashed with that of Muawiya (RA).
A fierce battle was fought but with no end in sight.
20. On the second day of the battle, Muawiya (R.A) was about to lose the battle.

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21. Hazrat Muawiya had Hazrat Amr bin 'As (R.A) on his side, who was a recognized
statesman.

22. Seeing the impending defeat he consulted Hazrat 'Amr bin 'As (R.A) who advised him
to give orders to the troops of me front ranks to fasten the Holy Qur'an to their lances as a
sign that war would cease and that the decision would be eferred to the Holy Book (leading
to arbitration)
23. Seeing copies of the Holy Qur'an on lances, Hazrat Ali (RA) recognized it as a clever
move of the enemy but a good many men of his army did not share his view and stopped
fighting.
24. Despite Hazrat All informing them that it was a trick.
25. Being helpless he ordered rest of his troops to stop fighting.

ARBITRATION
1.Hazrat All (R.A) sent a deputation to Hazrat Muawiya (R.A) to find out what he meant
by making the Holy Qur'an a judge.

2.Hazrat Muawiya told him that he wanted an arbitration through judges, one from each
side and both sides will abide by the decision which they will make.
3. Hazrat All accepted it.

4. Hazrat All appointed Hazrat Musa Ashari (RA) and Hazrat Muawiya appointed Hazrat
Amr bin 'As (RA) as the arbitrator from his side.

5. A place named Damat-ul-Jandal, in between Syria and Iraq was proposed for the talks
6. Then both the left for their homes leaving about 90,000 men dead in the field of Siffin,
which number exceeded the total Muslim casualties in all the Islamic battles against the
non-Muslims by the time.

KHARIJITES
1. When Hazrat Ali announced the agreement before his troops, forming of various tribes.
Two brothers of the Tribe of Anza stood up and opposed the appointment of Arbitrator
between the two parties saying it was against the spirit of Islam. Other people also followed
this example and a good many people were against the arbitration

2. Some of these men requested Hazrat All to throw away the agreement and go back and
fight. But Hazrat Ali (RA) told them that he had given his word and would not go against
his word.

3. This caused the followers of Hazrat Ali to split into two groups. One group stood by the
agreement while for the other opposed.

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4. The second group, which was opposing arbitration, was known as Kharijites.
5. By the time Hazrat Ali returned to Kufa, their number reached 12,000 and they did not
stay with other Muslims in Kula; instead, they encamped at Harurah and appointed by
Sheith bin Rabi as their commander-in-chief.
6. The Kharijites stated that both Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Muawiya are in error, Muawiya an
error because he did not accept Hazrat Ali as a Caliph while Hazrat All is in error because
he agreed on arbitration.
7. Their agenda was to after gaining power, will set up a social order based on Allah's Book
(the Holy Qur'an)."

VERDICT OF THE ARBITRATORS

1. The two arbitrators thought over the matter for 6 months then met at the frontier town
of Damat-ul-Jandal in 37 A.H.
2. Both after having a discussion reached on the following agreement: "Ali and Muawiya
both withdraw their right for the Caliphate. The Muslims should appoint a third person as
their Caliph."
3. After the agreement Hazrat Amr bin 'As asked Hazrat Abu Musa Ashari to make it public
by announcing it in the mosque before the Muslims.

4. Hazrat Abu Musa (R.A) announced: "We have agreed that neither Ali nor Muawiya
would be considered as the Caliph. You may elect any other man you think fit." After this
Hazrat Amr bin 'As (R.A) stood up and said, "I do not consider Ali fit for the Caliphate,
but in my opinion, Muawiya is fit for it."
5. The statement of Hazrat Amr not only showed the split of opinion between the
Arbitrators but also meant one-sided decision according to which Hazrat Ali (RA) was
supposed to lose his power but not Hazrat Muawiya (R.A)
6. Hearing the statement of Amr ibn As (R.A) there was a big uproar.

7. The result of the arbitration was a mere confusion and proved tutile and the hopes of
peace were gone .
8. When Ali (RA) heard the result of the arbitration he was upset and mentioned that it
was not based on the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah. Therefore it cannot be accepted.
9. He then asked the Muslims to prepare to attack Syria.

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THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS
CALIPH HAZRAT ALI R.A
10. As soon as the "Khawar heard the result of arbitration they again separated, and this
time rose in an open revolt.
11. Thus a new group was thus created in the history of Islam which proved to be more
dangerous than any other group existing before then.
THE KHARIJITE TROUBLE
1. The "Khawarij" set up their center at Naharwan and began to preach their cult.

2. They were very harsh to those who differed from them and regarded such Muslims as
rebels against Islam and murdered them.
3. The Kharijites to be very pious as far as their appearance was concerned.
4. They used to offer long Salats, wore a simple dress and were honest in their dealings.
5. But they were misguided in beliefs and killed all those who said that they were the
followers of the Caliph.

6. After the failure of arbitration Hazrat Ali (RA) wanted to march to Syria but the
Kharijite movement his attention.
7. It was a great danger not only to the Muslim unity but to the Islamic beliefs and practices
as a whole.
8. It was an urgent need to wipe out such a movement in its early stage, therefore Hazrat
All set out for Naharwan
9. Reaching there Hazrat Ali tried to negotiate with them peacefully.
10. He sent some prominent Companions to persuade Kharijite leaders, but they did not
listen to them.
11. Then Hazrat Ali demanded from them to hand over such people who have murdered
innocent Muslims.

12. He told them that if they did so then he would leave the rest of them.
13. The Kharijites did not agree and said that they were all murderers and wanted to murder
all of Hazrat Ali's followers and Hazrat Ali.

14. Before declaring war against them Hazrat Ali declared that those who would be loyal
to him or those who left Naharwan and did not fight would be given amnesty.
15. On his appeal 3000 Kharijites repented and again took Barat at his hands.

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16. The rest did not move from their position.
17. A fierce fight took place.

18. Kharijites fought desperately but were deleated.

19. Most of their leaders were slain.

UNWILLINGNESS TO MARCH TO SYRIA

1. After the battle at Naharwan, Hazrat Ali (RA) wanted to march on to Syria but his men
refused to fight.
2. They asked Hazrat All (R.A) for some rest when encamped at Nakhila (some miles away
from the Capital).
3. Hazrat Ali (RA) allowed them to take some rest over there but they started to slip away
to their homes, and only a few of them were left with him
4. Seeing the situation Hazrat Ali was also forced to return to Kufa.
5. After some time Hazrat Ali again asked the Kufis to march on to Syria.
6. He gave a stirring address in the Masjid of the Capital but the leaders of Kufa did not
show any inclination.
7. Despite many efforts Hazrat Ali was not successful in raising another army against the
Syrians.

LOSS OF EGYPT
1. Hazrat Ali (RA) appointed Muhammad bin Abi Bakr as the governor of Egypt.
2. Muhammad bin Abu Bakr was a young man and was not able to control the Egyptians
in a tactful way.
3. After the Battle of Siffin, Hazrat All appointed Malik bin Ushtar as the governor of
Egypt. Ibn Ushtar was a strong man,but he could not join his duty and passed away.
4. Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, therefore, continued as the governor of Egypt.
5. After the arbitration failed, the Syrians declared Hazrat Muawiya as their Caliph and
took Bai'at on his hands.
6. However Hazrat Muawiya did not declare himself as the Caliph during the life of Hazrat
Ali (RA).

7. Hazrat Muawiya sent an army under the command of Hazrat 'Amr ibn 'As to attack
Egypt.

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8. Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, the governor of Egypt wrote to Hazrat All for help. But before
he got any help Amr ibn 'As (RA) reached Egypt with 6000 men.

9.10,000 inhabitants of another tribe joined Hazrat 'Amr ibn 'As.

10. They easily beat back 2000 men of Muhammad bin Abi Bakr.
11. Hazrat Muawiya (R.A) became the master of Egypt and appointed Hazrat Amir Ibn 'As
as the governor.
12. According to Ibn Jarir at the end of the year 40 A H. a treaty was signed between Hazrat
Muawiya and Hazrat All, to avoid bloodshed among the Muslims

13. Under that treaty Syria and Egypt remained under the control of Hazrat Muawiya and
the rest of the state under the control of Hazrat All
14. Thus the conflict between the two parties ended.

15. This civil war which ended to the detriment of Hazrat Ali was the end of Islamic
democratic rule.

PTHE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ALI R.A

ASSASSINATION OF HAZRAT ALI (R.A)

1.After the Battle of Naharwan the "Khawarij" had gone underground.
2. They were as much against Hazrat Ali (RA) as they were against Hazrat Muawiya (RA).

3. They were still working against the Caliphate and they were greatly disgusted with the
civil war that seemed endless.

4. To end this state of affairs, they worked out a dangerous plot as according to them,
Muslims were divided because of diferences between Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Muawiya.
5. They also disliked 'Amr ibn 'As and considered him as chief planner for Hazrat Muawiya.

6. They decided, therefore, to assassinate all the three of them.

7. It was planned that the 3 personalities would be struck at the same time on the same day.
8. Three persons, appointed to assassinate Ali, Muawiya, and 'Amr ibn 'As (R.A) were
Abdur Rehman Muljam, Al-Bark br Abdullah, and 'Amr ibn Bakr At-Tamimi respectively.
9. Early hours of the 17th of Ramadan, 40 A.H., was fixed for the assassination.
10. After the Fajr Salat of the 17th Ramadan in the year 40 A.H. the 3 appointed Kharijis
struck the three men.
11. Hazrat Muawiya managed to escape with a few wounds.

385
12. Hazrat Amr ibn 'As did not turn out for the Imamat because he was sick thus was unhurt.
13. Hazrat Ali (R.A) was mortally wounded with the poisoned sword of Ibn Muljam.

14. He passed away in the evening of 20th Ramadan, 40 A.H.

15. Ibn Muljam was caught by the people after he had struck Hazrat Ali.
16. Hazrat Ali asked the Muslims to slay him if he died.

17. At the same time as his death, Hazrat All (RA) called his sons and advised them to
serve Islam and to be good with the Muslims.
18. He was sixty-three years old at the time of his death and had ruled for four years and
nine months as the Caliph.

ANSWER:
One of the greatest Caliphs of Islam after Prophet Muhammad was Ali ibn Abi Talib, who
as a young man lived under the dianship of Prophet since childhood in the same house.
Hazrat All learned early in life the skill and ability to handle sit tions and issues and
acquired knowledge. Before Hazrat All assumed the office of the Caliph, he was the
principal visor of the first three Caliphs after the Prophet, Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar
and Hazrat Usman. He was proclaimed the Caliph after the assassination of Hazrat Usman
on 25th of Zil Hajj 656 AD: At that time, unfortunate tensions and certainty was reigning
supreme. His selection as a governor divided the community into three groups which are
support s of Hazrat Ali, the Umayyad, and the Duraish who hoped to return to the
Caliphates of Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Umar.
After the murder of Usman, fear and panic seized the companions of the Prophet. The
members of Hazrat Umar's electoral committee retreated into the safety of anonymity. The
fate of Usman had struck terror into their hearts. The companions of the Prophet could not
think of anyone else other than Hazrat Ali, who had the ability and the grit to put an end to
graft in the government and to anarchy in the land, and to restore peace. All the leading
tribe men, therefore, gathered in the Mosque of the Prophet, and agreed to ask Ali to take
charge of the government; a delegation then called on All, and requested him to accept this
responsibility. When Ali took the reins of the government in his hands, he was confronted
with most alarming situation. The whole country was seething with agitation, and his
enemies swarmed everywhere. He quickly took some of the measures by replacing the
governors who had been appointed by Hazrat Usman with men who sup ported him,
distributed the wealth which Hazrat Usman and Hazrat Umar ordered to be kept aside.
However, there were strong reactions due to his lack of actions against Hazrat Usman's
murderers.

Moreover, he was openly denounced by Hazrat Ayesha, the widow of the prophet, who
was joined by Talha and Zubair: they demanded to bring the murderers of Hazrat Usman

386
to light. The Battle of the camel took place in 656 AD when Hazrat All was forced to
pursue the fighting men who were finding more supporters against him. Although the two
sides wanted to settle their differences peacefully, however, the extremist supporters
provoked a fight against each other, leading into a battle around a camel which carried
Hazrat Aisha. In the Battle of the camel, Talha and Zubair were killed and after the defeat,
Hazrat Aisha was sent back to Madina respectfully with escort. After the battle, Hazrat Ali
moved his headquarter to Kufa where his support was the strongest
In the spring of 657, Muawiya left Damascus with his army to carry war into Iraq. He
crossed the boundary and halted at a village called Siffin on the bank of the river Euphrates.
His first act was to occupy the waterfront. Hearing the news of the advance of the Syrian
army, Ali appointed Aqaba ibn Amr Ansari as governor of Kufa, called Abdullah ibn
Abbas from Basra to accompany him, and left Kufa with his army for Siffin. Upon arrival
in Siffin, Ali's army found its access to the water front barred by a strong contingent of the
Syrian troops. Minor skirmishes began and continued sporadically for the next few weeks.
With the arrival of Moharram fighting was suspended for one month. During this month,
Ali renewed his search for peace but his efforts to solve problems through negotiation, or
to find solutions that would obviate fighting among the Muslims were all fruitless for the
simple reason that his adversary, Muawiya, didn't see peace as an option. The battle started
any Muawiya's men were being killed; he was advised by Amr bin Aas to make their
soldiers fix Qurans to their lances, indicating that the outcome should be decided not by
warfare, but by consulting the holy Quran. Hazrat Ali was per suaded to accept and he sent
Abu Musa al-Ashari as an arbitrator. Amr ibn al-Aas was the arbitrator of Muawiya, they
decided that if they agreed Hazrat Usman had acted against the teachings of divine law
then his assassins would be unpun ished, however, if he didn't go against the divine law
then the assassins will be punished. It was decided that Hazrat Usman was killed unjustly
and that Hazrat Ali and Muawiya should step down and let someone else be elected as a
new Caliph However, when they announced this in public, Amr bin al-Aas changed his
stance and declared that Hazrat Ali should step and Muawiya should be appointed as a
Caliph. This was condemned by many Muslims as a trick.
Many people on Hazrat Ali's side were highly against his decision for arbitration since they
thought that Quran clearly gave instructions about the proper way to treat rebels. They felt
it was wrong to even acknowledge that Muawiya had any claim against the ruler of the
community. About three to four thousand of his men separated themselves and rode
towards Al Naharwan; they became known as Kharijites. In 658 AD, Hazrat Ali was forced
to fight against these rebels as they attacked Kula; many of his forces deserted him and he
was left weaker than before
Hazrat Ali was still regarded as Caliphs by his supporters; however, he was growing
weaker and weaker. The peace treaty signed Muawiya and Hazrat Ali increased difficulties;

387
in 661 AD he was suddenly attacked by Abd al Rahman Ibr Muljam, a Kharjjite who
wanted revenge for the killings at Al Naharwan and he died two days later.

A. WRITE ABOUT HOW THE FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS ARE ROLE
MODELS FOR LEADERS TODAY, (10)
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. These first four Caliphs were caled "rightly guided" because they were all companions
of the Prophet Muhammad and learned the ways of Islam directly from Muhammad
2. The Caliphs lived simple and righteous lives and strove hard for the religion of Allah.

3. Their justice was impartial, their treatment of others was kind and merciful, and they
were one with the people - the first among equals
4. Hazrat Umar nominated a board of six members (Shura) who were required to elect one
of them as the next Caliph Saad bin Abi Waqas, Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Zubair ibn
Awwam, Talha, Hazrat All and Hazrat Usman
5. All these persons were amongst the most eminent companions of the Holy Prophet,
whom he had given the glad tidings of paradise during their life
6. Hazrat Umar's choice was fixed upon Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah for his distinguishing
qualities; however, he passed away during the lifetime of Umar.

7. Other person of choice was Abdur Rehman bin Auf; however, he was not ready to
shoulder such huge responsibility .

8. The decision belonged to Abdur Rehman bin Auf, since he retired from the contest, to
choose the Khalifa out of the remaining four, consulting each member separately as to his
opinion.

9. These elections clearly exhibit that leadership or Caliphate was not an inherent concept,
but was a form of democracy practiced by the Caliphs
10. the Caliph was the head of the state that followed Quran and sunnah strictly and sunnah
the Caliph refereed to the consent of eminent companions and would.
11. in the silence of both the Quran and sunnah, the Caliph refereed to the consent of
eminent companions and would also give his own verdict based on Quran and sunnah

12. Caliph would consult majlis-e-shura which consisted of eminent companions of the
prophet .
13. Everyone at the council was free to express their opinions for affairs of the state

388
14. dictatorship was not tolerated as the voice of everyone contained equal amount
importance at the council.

15. every Muslim was free to give their opinion or criticize the Caliph
16. Woman once asked Hazrat Umar about the shirt made from the cloth that was not
enough to make shirt out of it.

17. Hazrat Umar replied that his son gave him his share of cloth from the Bait-ul-Mal.
18. Hazrat Umer thought of fixing the upper limit of the amount of dower as he received
complaints from young men who were asked to pay huge amounts of dower to the women
for marriage
19. he Hazrat Umar was stopped by a woman who said:
20. "O Umar who are you to restrictions on our right which Allah has granted to us? Have
you not read verse 20 of Surah an-Nisa?"
21 He thanked Allah that there were such people in Ummah who would correct him if he
went wrong.

22. Caliphs were supposed to be available at all the time.

23. Balt-ul-Mal was considered a public property and not a personal property of the Caliph
24. Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, and Hazrat Ali only took the amount of salary which
was sufficient for the common man
25. Hazrat Abu Bakr asked his wife to sell his property after his death and pay back the
money which he took from the Bait-ul-Mal as his salary.
26. the judiciary was independent, the Qazi was tree to give decision and the Caliph did
not consider himself above ordinary person. THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS
CALIPH HAZRAT ALI R.A
27. Once a woman brought a claim against the Caliph Umar, his appearance on the trial
before the judge made him up as a sign of respect. Hazrat Umar reprimanded him, saying:
"This is the first act of injustice you did to these women 28. Hazrat Ali he did not allow
the Dazi to pay undue respect to him and asked to be treated as a commere
29. None of the Caliph was above the law and treated alike

ANSWER:
The Caliphate began after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE. The Rashidun Caliphate
consisted of the First Four Caliphs of the Islamic Empire. Rashidun means "rightly guided."
These first four caliphs were called "rightly guided" because they were all companions of

389
the Prophet Muhammad and learned the ways of Islam directly from Muhammad, The
Rashidun Call phate lasted for 30 years from 632 CE to 661 CE. The First Four Caliphs
included Abu Bakr, Umar Ibn al-Khattab, Uthman on Affan, and All ibn Abi Talib.
When Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as a Caliph, he said:
"O people! I have been selected as your Trustee, although
am no better than anyone of you. If I am right, obey me.. If
am misguided, set me right. The weakest among you is
powerful in my eyes; until I do not get him his due. The most
powerful among you is the weakest in my eyes, until do not
make him pay due rights to others. I ask to obey me as long
as I obey Allah and His Messenger. If I disobey Allah and
His Messenger, you are free to disobey me."
The caliphs lived simple and righteous lives and strove hard for the religion of Allah. Their
justice was impartial, their treat sent of others was kind and merciful, and they were one
with the people - the first among equals.
At his death bed, Hazrat Umar nominated a board of six members (Shura) who were
required to elect one of them as the next Caliph. The group consisted of Saad bin Abi
Waqas, Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Zubair ibn Awwam, Talha, Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Usman.
To regulate the group and ensure that no single person would stop the process, Umar said
that they should pree unanimously on the next Caliph
All these persons were amongst the most eminent companions of the holy prophet. whom
he had given the glad tidings paradise during their life. Initially, Hazrat Umar's choice was
foxed upon Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah for his distinguishing palities; however, he passed
away during the lifetime of Hazrat Umar. Other person of choice was Abdur Rehman bin
Aut sowever, he was not ready to shoulder such huge responsibility. Of the remaining
nominees, Talha was absent in Madinah, perefore limiting the choice to the remaining four
members. The decision belonged to Abdur Rahman bin Auf, since he tired from the contest,
to choose the Khalifa out of the remaining four, consutting each member separately as to
his opinion. The opinions were as follows: Saad supported Hazrat Usman while Zubair
mentioned both, Hazrat Usman and Hazrat All; Hazrat Usman chose Hazrat Ali and Hazrat
Ali gave the name of Hazrat Usman. Other prominent men were also asked of their opinion
and the conclusion showed that majority of the people favoured Hazrat Usman, thus, he
was declared as the elected Khalifa. After this, Hazrat All was approached by the rebels
who wanted him to be the next caliph which he accepted after a lot of persuasion by the
companions. He decided to put the matter before the Muslims in the mosque of the Prophet
and was elected by them. These elections clearly exhibit that leadership or caliphate was
not an inherent concept but was a form of democracy practiced by the caliphs.

390
Moreover, the caliph was the head of the state that followed Quran and sunnah strictly,
however, in the silence of both the Quran and sunnah, the caliph refereed to the consent of
eminent companions and would also give his own verdict based on Quran and sunnah.
Several duties had to be performed by the caliph such as leading the congregational prayer
and being the commander in chief of the Muslim army. Not only this, the caliph would
consult majlis-e-shura which consisted of eminent companions of the prophet. Everyone at
the council was free to express their opinions for affairs of the state. This shows that
dictatorship was not tolerated as the voice of everyone contained equal amount Importance
at the council. Further to this, every Muslim was free to give their opinion or criticize the
caliph; a woman once asked Hazrat Umar about the shirt made from the cloth that was not
enough to make shirt out of it. Hazrat Umar replied that his son gave him his share of
clothfrom the Bait-ul-Mal.
Furthermore, another incident happened where Hazrat Umar thought of fixing the upper
limit of the amount of dower as he received complaints from young men who were asked
to pay huge amounts of dower to the women for marriage. Just as he was about to fix, he
Hazrat Umar was stopped by a woman who said:
"O Umar who are you to restrictions on our right which
Allah has granted to us? Have you not read verse 20 of Surah
an-Nisa?"

When Hazrat Umar heard this, instead of being exasperated, he thanked Allah that there
were such people in Ummah who would correct him if he went wrong. There were certain
rules of the caliphs which they had to follow They were supposed to be avaliable at all the
time Umar forbade the governors from keeping watchmen at their houses so that everybody
could see them tren and could p his problems before them. In addition to this, Balt-ul-Mal
was considered a public property and not a personal property the caliph. Hazrat Abu Bakr,
Hazrat Umar, and Hazrat Ali only took the amount of salary which was sufficient for the
common man. Hazrat Usman, on the other hand, never took anything from the treasury.
The senousness of the trestury could te understood from the fact that Hazrat Abu Bakr
asked his wife to sell his property after his death and pay back the money which he decision
and the caliph did not consider himself above ordinary person. Once a woman brought a
claim against the Canich Umar; his appearance on the trial before the judge made him stood
up as a sign of respect. Hazrat Umar reprimanded him saying:
"This is the first act of injustice you did to these women!"
During the caliphate of Hazrat Ali, he lost his armour and saw a Jew selling it in the market,
a matter he took to the cour As a witness, Hazrat Ali brought his son Hassan in support of
this case; however, the judge dismissed the case as he did not consider the evidence of any
relative as reliable. Whenever Hazrat Ali appeared before the Gazi, he did not allow the
Qazi to pay undue respect to him and asked to be treated as a commoner.

391
None of the caliph was above the law and treated alike. An incident took place when a
newly converted chief of Syria was performing circumambulation around the Ka'aba when
the hem of his mantie fell and came under the feet of another person. The chief slapped the
person who retaliated in the same manner and the chief complained to the Hazrat Umar,
After listening to the complaint, Hazrat Umar said, "you have received the punishment of
what you have done." The chief was amazed and told that disrespecting him or his family
means death as a punishment to which Hazrat Umar replied that t was an un-Islamic
practice as Islam equalizes all ranks. The chief furiously replied,

"If Islam is a system in which there is no distinction between

high and common people, I abjure it."

A. GIVE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF THE RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS TO

SHOW THEIR BEHAVIOR WITH NON MUSLIMS/OTHER NATIONS. [10]
1. Holy Prophet entered into a treaty with the Christians of Najran, which stated that no
church was to he demonsand their priests were not to be exiled
2. Hazrat Abu Bakr, he renewed this treaty, and another treaty was signed with the
Christians of Hira by Khalid bin Waise .
3. These, along with many other treaties, were maintained by Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman,
and Hazrat Ali.
4. those treaties entered in Zimmis (nor-Muslims living in a Muslim state) were fulfilled
by the Caliphs

HIGHLIGHTS:
5. The charter that Hazrat Umar sent to Abu Ubaldah contained words which said: "stop
the Muslims from doing injustice and harm, from eating their properties unlawfully and
fulfill the rights which you have given to them."
6. At the time of his death, Hazrat Umar made a will regarding the Zimmis which stated:
"I bequeath my successor with the liability of Allah and His Prophet regarding the treaties
made with Zimmis support them and do not unduly burden them."
7. the rights of life, honor and property of Muslims and the Zirnmis were considered to be
the same
8. A Muslim killed a Zimmi, Hazrat All ordered the Muslim to be killed; however, the
brother of the murdered person pardoned him

9. Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Usman fixed the blood money of a Zimmni equal to that of
a Muslim.
10. People enjoyed all kinds of religious freedom

392
11. Hazrat Abu Bakr invited his slave to accept Islam and quoted the Quranic verses:
12."Let there be no compulsion in religion." (2:256)

13.The poor and the disable Zimmis were exempted from paying Jizya
14. they were also entitled to a fixed stipend from the state treasury .
15. Hazrat Umar saw some people who were made to stand in the sun for the non-payment
of Jizya, he ordered them be released.
16. many foreign nationals were given the responsibility of state posts and services.
17. Christian prisoners were brought to Hazrat Umar; some were admitted to schools while
others were given jobs in the
18. He also appointed a Christian as his Chiel Accountant, and used to call their chiefs and
seek their advice government
19. The Holy Prophet and the Caliphs treated the non-Muslims with compassion, respect,
and justice
20. The treaty which the Holy Prophet made with Christians of Najran contained a clause
that they were not allowed to take interest
21. this condition was violated by them as they started to prepare secretly for attacking the
Muslims .

22. Hazrat Umar came to know about their plans, he commanded to be exiled but before
that he ordered:

"The land of the people who are exiled should be measured and compensated accordingly,
thereafter, give them the option to go anywhere they like".THE RIGHTLY GUIDED
CALIPHS CALIPH HAZRAT ALI R.A

23 Christians were presented with a charter which contained three clauses chief of Syris or
iras, to whom these people will go, will be under obligation to give them land cultivation
(0) every Muslim must help them against injustice com mitted to them (i) they should be
exempted for payment of Jirya for twenty four months
24., when the Jews of Fidak were exiled, Hazrat Umar ordered an estimate of their lands
and properties and the payment to be made from the state treasury

ANSWER:
The political relations of Muslims with other nations started at the time of the Holy Prophet
and it continued h Caliphate of the four Khalifas. There are numerous examples regarding

393
Muslim's behaviour with other nations which demonstrate the importance of respect in
Islam.

Firstly, the Holy Prophet entered into a treaty with the Christians of Nairan, which stated
mat no church was to be demo ished and their priests were not to be exiled. The last words
of this treaty included the fact that the property, life, land, and religion, present or absent
people, basically everything in their possession was to be considered for safety. During the
Cali phate of Hazrat Abu Bakr, he renewed this treaty, and another treaty was signed with
the Christians of Hira by Khalid bin Waleed. These, along with many other treaties, were
maintained by Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman, and Hazrat All. Not only mis, many treaties
were signed under the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar, the treaty with the Christians of Syris
executed by Abu Ubaidah was the most comprehensive among them.

Secondly, all those treaties entered in Zimmis were fulfiled by the Caliphs. Zimmis were
those non-Muslims living in a Muslim state. The charter that Hazrat Umar sent to Abu
Ubaidah contained words which said: "stop the Muslims from doing injustice and harm,
from eating their properties unlawfully and fulfill the rights which you have given to them."
Moreover, at the time of his death, Hazrat Umar made a will regarding the Zimmis which
stated: "I bequeath my successor with the liability of Allah and His Prophet regarding the
treaties made with Zimmis support them and do not unduly burden them."
Thirdly, the rights of life, honour and property of Muslims and the Zimmis were considered
to be the same. During the Khilafat of Hazrat Ali, a Muslim killed a Zimmi. In response to
this, Hazrat All ordered the Muslim to be killed; however, the brother of the murdered
person pardoned him. In return, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Usman fixed the blood money
of a Zimml equal to that of a Muslim. In addition to this, the religious freedom which these
people enjoyed can be judged from an event that took place during the Khilafat of Hazrat
Abu Bakr. He invited his slave to accept Islam and quoted the Quranicverses:
"Let there be no compulsion in religion." (2:256)
Fourthly, the poor and the disable Zimmis were not only exempted from paying Jizya, a
kind of tax paid by the non-Muslims, but they were entitled to a fixed stipend from the state
treasury. During the Khilafat of Hazrat Abu Bakr, Khalid bin Waleed entered into a treaty
with the Christians of Hira which included this clause. It was also maintained by Hazrat
Umar during his Caliphate when he saw some Christian lepers; he fixed a stipend for them
from the state treasury. Another example of this, when Hazrat Urnar saw some people who
were made to stand in the sun for the non-payment of Jizya, he ordered them to be released.
Fifthly, many foreign nationals were given the responsibility of state posts and services.
One time, many Christian prisoners were brought to Hazrat Umar, out of whom; some were
admitted to schools while others were give jobs in the government. He also appointed a

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Christian as his Chief Accountant. Also, at the time of settling the revenue system of Iraq,
Hazrat Umar called their chiefs and sought their advice.

The Holy Prophet and the Caliphs treated the non-Muslims with compassion, respect, and
justice. The treaty which the Holy Prophet made with Christians of Najran contained a
clause that they were not allowed to take interest. However, this condition was violated by
them as they started to prepare secretly for attacking the Muslims. As soon as Hazrat Umar
came to know about their plans, he commanded to be exiled but before that, he ordered:
"The land of the people who are exiled should be measured and compensated accordingly,
thereafter, give them the option to go anywhere they like."
While the Christians were living, they were presented with a charter which contained three
clauses. The first one was that the chief of Syria or Iraq, to whom these people will go, will
be under obligation to give them land cultivation. The second clause stated that every
Muslim must help them against injustice committed to them. The last clause stated that
they should be exempted for payment of Jizya for twenty-four months. Furthermore, when
the Jews of Fidak were exiled, Hazrat Umar ordered an estimate of their lands and
properties and the payment to be made from the state treasury.
These examples verified the very fact that even in the case of mutiny and conspiracy, the
Khalifas dealt leniently with the Zimmis. PILLARS OF ISLAM SHAHADA

A. "THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH, AND MUHAMMAD IS THE MESSENGER

OF ALLAH". DESCRIBE THE MUSLIMS BELIEF ABOUT THE
DECLARATION OF FAITH (SHAHADA). [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Shahadah is the first pillar of Islam.
2 The confession of the faith of a Muslim is in the pronouncement of Shahadah called
Tauhid "I bear witness that there is no god except Allah, who is one, who has no partners
and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and apostle."
3. True unity of Allah means that He is unique in person. This signifies that Allah is only
One and there is no plurality in the name of god "Verily your Allah is one! Lord of heavens
and of the earth and all between them and Lord of every pointat the rising of the sun!"
(Saffat 37:4-5)
4. This declaration is the foundation and essence of islam. It is the expression of belief,
which differentiates a believer from a non-believer.
5. This declaration is not only confined to the Oneness of Allah, but it also highlights the
authority and sovereignty of Allah

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6. He is unique in His attributes; this signifies that no other being can parallel Allah's
attributes and powers.

7. No power can do the tasks which Allah has already done or may do.
8. There is no other Creator and Sustainer of universe There can likewise be no other rule,
law giver, and supreme authority. He says: "Your Lord has decreed that you worship none
but Him." (Isra 17:1)
9. The second part of the declaration is Risalah: "Muhammad Is His servant and apostle."
10. This shows us the Inseparable relation between the belief in Oneness of Allah and
Prophetas His last messenger.
11. To deny the second part of the declaration would be to cut off all the connections of
the Islamic faith with the first one.

12. This declaration prepares human beings to reflect upon Prophet's teachings and
encourages them to follow his path "Say 0 Muhammad. If you do love Allah follow me,
Allah will love you and forgive you your sins for Allah is oft-For giving Most Merciful."
(Al-Imran 3:31)
13. He is the symbol of the message of Allah known as islam which was one or the other
way was preached by all previous prophets. He is called 'Seal of the Prophets'.

ANSWER:
Shahadah is the first pillar of intam which states that Allah is the only entity to be
worshipped by His creation. The testimony to this declaration of talth is called Tauhid and
is actually one of the two main testimonies which allow a person to be a Muslim. We
confess with our heart that Allah is the Lord, the Master and Creator of all things, the
heaven and the earth and everything therein. He is the Sustainer, the Provider, the
Organizer and the Planner of all its affairs, it is Allah only who can give life and can also
take it away. The Quran says:
"Verily your Allah is one! Lord of heavens and of the earth
and all between them and Lord of every point at the rising of
the sun!" (Saffat 37:4-5)

Further to this. Muslims believe in the fact Allah alone is entitled to be worshipped by the
whole of a person, his body his mind, as well as his soul. No one is to be worshipped other
than Allah and along Allah as He is Alone. Allan is one and only and He has no partners
associated with him. Moreover, He is the Master of the universe since His existence is
reflected in His creation of the harmonious and systematically arranged world. Regarding
this, the Holy Quran says:

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 "Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him."
(Isra 17:1)

The importance of Shahadah is highlighted by the fact that it is repeated in every prayer.
By reciting Shahadeh, Muslims reject the obedience and servitude to anything or anyone
other than Allah. We pray to Allah to seek His help at the time of difficulty. We also swear
by His name, sacrifice to Him and we abide by His commands as well as refrain from
everything He had forbidden us from. He says:
"You and we worship and your aid we seek." (Al-Fatiha 1:5)

Muslims also testify the fact that all the names and the attributes which Allah has named
Himself or the Prophet Muhammad has name or qualified Him, they belong to Allah alone.
These attributes are to be accepted by Muslims without changing their meanings or likening
them to others. Allah sees and hears everything because He is Omniscient. and He knows
everything taking place explicitly or even in the hidden. Allah is omnipotent, He is all-
powerful, and nothing can be compared to Him. He says: "There is nothing whatever like
unto Him and He is the One that hears and sees (all things)." (Ash-Shura 42:11)
The second testimony is called Risalah, which means witness to Holy Prophet being the
Messenger of Allah. The second testimony of Shahadah deals with the fact that Holy
Prophet is the last messenger of Allah and none has the right to be followed after Allah but
him only He is the perfect human, the best of creation. Muslims acknowledge the status
and position of the Holy Prophet who has the right to be respected and obeyed by everyone.
Muslims abide by his command and refrain from what he has forbidden. We obey every
message that he has brought. He is the last prophet in a long line of prophetic messengers
as he is called 'Seal of the Prophets and his message about the unity of god is the same as
that of the previous prophets and is universal. And Allah will protect this message from all
corruption and change. Allah says:
"Say 0 Muhammad, if you do love Allah follow me, Allah will love you and forgive you
your sins for Allah is off-Forgiv ing Most Merciful." (Al-Imran 3:31)
PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)

A. THE PROPHET SAID, "BETWEEN A PERSON AND DISBELIEF IS

DISCARDING PRAYER." WHAT BENEFITS DO MUSLIMS FIND IN REGULAR
PRAYER (SALAH)? [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Prayer is the second pillar of Islam and its importance can be judged from the fact that it
is the first act that a person will be held accountable for on the Day of Judgment

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2. The messenger of Allah, Holy Prophet has said before his death: "The first act that the
slave will be accountablefor on the day of Judgement will be the prayer." (Tabarani)

3. The word Salat has occurred 67 times in the Quran

4. compulsory for all the Muslim men and women to pray five times a day if they are at
home or travelling, in peace or war. healthy or sick

5. Women are exempted from offering Salat during their menstruation period.
6. not obligatory for a child to pray, nonetheless, it is obligatory for the parents to order
him to pray when he is seven years old

7. Prayer also teaches about punctuality since it not only instils conduct but also humbles
a person when they stand before their Creator. Regarding this, Allah says:
8. "Lo! Prayer preserves (one) from lewdness and iniquity, but verily, remembrance of
Allah is more important."(Al-Ankabut 29:45)
9. Salat also increases purity in physical and spiritual form
10. Muslims are required to perform ablutions before they can perform Salat which
cleanses them physically and standing before Allah five times a day with sincerity cleanses
their soul before Allah five times & Day.
11. "Do you believe that dirt can remain on a person bathing five times a day in a stream
running in front of his door? The companions replied that no dirt can remain on his body.
The Prophet remarked so exactly similar is the effect of prayer offered five times a day.
With the grace of Allah it washes away all sins. Ablution washes out physical dirt while
prayers wipe out spiritual." (Agreed)
12. Salat provides a constant reminder of the essence of our creation and provides a direct
connection to Allah, who inked success and felicity to humility in prayer 13. He stands in
humbleness in the presence of Allah with both hands folded; he bows down, kneels, and
prostrate before Allah.

14. A Muslim shows his complete dependence upon Allah

15. It emphasizes the proximity between religion and daily life
16. If a person is sick, then he can offer his Salat while sitting: If he is unable to do this
then he can pray while lying down
17. If water is not available for ablution, a person can perform dry ablution called
Tayammum

18. If the person cannot correctly detect the direction of the Qibla, then he can pray in the
possible direction of Qibla.

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19. Provides a means of repentance and restraints from shameful and unjust deeds. It
develops piety and fear of Allah in a person and restrains him from wrongdoing. Allah
says, "Establish regular prayers for it restrains from shameful and unjust deeds." (Al-
Ankabut 29:45)

ANSWER:
Prayer is the second pillar of Islam and its importance can be judged from tvers submission
and a person will se held accountable for on the Day of Judgment. Prayers signify the
believer's submission and obedience to Allah and serve physical evidence of acceptance of
Islam. The word Salat has occurred 67 times in the Quran. It is compulsory for all the
Muslim men and women to pray five times a day if they are at home or travelling, in peace
or war, healthy or sick. However, women are exempted from offering Salat during their
menstruation period. It is also not obligatory 1 a child to pray, nonetheless, it is obligatory
for the parents to order him to pray when he is seven years old. The messenger of Allah,
Holy Prophet has said before his death:

The first act that the slave will be accountable for on the day of Judgement will be the
prayer." (Tabarani)
Prayer is a source of patience, courage, hope, confidence, inner peace, stability, equality,
unity and an expression of grati tude to Allah. Allah says regarding this:
"Therefore, be patient with what they say and celebrate the praises of your Lord before the
rising of the sun and before its setting." (Ta-Ha 20:130)
Muslims are ordered to pray five times a day since it allows remembering Allah; that
everyone is completely dependent upon Him for their needs and wants. Prayer also teaches
about punctuality since it not only instils conduct but also humble a person when they stand
before their Creator. PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)
Regarding this. Allah says:
"Lol Prayer preserves (one) from lewdness and iniquity, but verily, remembrance of Allah
is more important." (Al-Ank abut 29:45)
Furthermore, Salat also increases purity in physical and spiritual form. Muslims are
required to perform ablutions before they can perform Salat which cleanses them
physically and standing before Allah five times a day with sincerity cleanses their soul.
The Prophet asked his companions:

"Do you believe that dirt can remain on a person bathing five times a day in a stream
running in front of his door? The companions replied that no dirt can remain on his body.
The Prophet remarked so exactly similar is the effect of prayer offered five times a day.

399
With the grace of Allah, it washes away all sins. Ablution washes out physical dirt while
prayers wipe out spiritual." (Agreed)

In addition, Salat provides a constant reminder of the essence of our creation and provides
a direct connection to Allah, who linked success and felicity to humility in prayer. He
stands in humbleness in the presence of Allah with both hands folded; he bows down,
kneels, and prostrate before Allah. This way, a Muslim shows his complete dependence
upon Allah. The Quran says:
"Successful indeed are the believers who are humble in their
prayers." (Al-Muminun 23:1)
It emphasizes the proximity between religion and daily life. Prayer not only gives a deep
connection with Allah, but in prayer one establishes patience, modesty and sincerity and
also instils self-discipline in an individual. Prayers are obligatory on every Muslim sane
adult under all circumstances. If a person is sick, then he can offer his Salat while sitting:
if he is unable to do this then he can pray while lying down. Moreover, if water is not
available for ablution, a person can perform dry ablution called Tayammum. Also, if the
person cannot correctly detect the direction of the Qibla, then he can pray in the possible
direction of Olbia.

Lastly, prayer provides a means of repentance and restraints from shameful and unjust
deeds. It develops piety and fear of Allah in a person and restrains him from wrongdoing.
Allah says:
"Establish regular prayers for it restrains from shameful and
unjust deeds." (Al-Ankabut 29:45)

A. CONDITIONS OF PRAYER WHICH MUST BE FULFILLED BEFORE

PERFORMING SALAH. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. It begins with the purification of the body and ends with the purification of the soul.
2. The prayers (Salah) performed live times a day and the night which are Fajr (at dawn).
Zuhr (afternoon), Asr (midafter noon). Maghrib (sunset) and isha (nightai

3 "Verily, As Salah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours." (4:103)
4.A person must perform ablution with the intentions of Salah for which he or she are
performing the Wuzu (in case of minor impurity) or Ghusl (major impurity)

5. "0 Believers! When you prepare for prayers, wash your faces and your hands up to the
elbows, and wipe your heads, and your feet to the ankles... and [if you] do not find water
then betake yourselves to clean earth and wipe your faces and your hands with it."

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6. If water is not available, then dry ablution is needed. Trummum
6. If water is not available, then dry ablution is needed- Tayammum

7. These conditions are that the person should wear clean clothes
8. Body must be clean from all impurities "Allah does not accept the prayer of one of you
if he becomes ritually Impure,unless he does wudu." (Bukhari 6954)

9. They have to cover the Sattar as well

10. Male is required to cover what is between the navel and the knee at Salah hands
11. Women should cover the whole body except their faces and hands.

12. The place where he or she is going to pray must be clean

13. Muslim should orientate himself or herself towards the point of adoration that is the
Holy Kaabah in the city of Makkah- facing the Qibla
14. "Turn then your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque"

PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER

There are certain conditions which need to be fulfilled before a person can perform Salah.
These conditions include inden son, time, purity, Sattar, and lastly, facing towards Qibla
The intention of the prayer to be performed must be made. The intention should be made
in the heart and not out lou since the Holy Prophet and his Companions never did that way.
If a person prays without forming the proper intention then his prayer is considered invalid.
The Holy Prophet said: "Actions are but by intentions and each person will have but that
which he intended." (Sahih al-Bukhari)
Another condition of prayer is the time of the prayer Any prayer offered before Its time has
begun is not valid, or after t had lapsed, except for a valid reason. Each prayer has its
appointed time range and for a prayer to be valid, it has to be cffered within that time range:
Allah says: "Verily, As Salah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours."
(4:103)

Purity is another condition which is needed to be fulfilled. There are two types: purity from
ritual impurity (Hadath) and purity from tangible impurity (Najas). To explain further,
purity from major and minor ritual impurity is when a person prays when he is in a state of
ritual impurity, his is considered The Holy Prophet said: "Allah does not accept the prayer
of one of you if he becomes ritually impure, unless he does wudu." (Bukhari 6954)
Purity from tangible impurity is when a person prays with some impurity on him, and he
is aware of that and remembers it is there, then his prayer is not valid. The worshipper

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should also avoid impurity in the body, the clothing, as well as the place. If there is a sign
of impurity in any of these, then the prayer is not valid.

Another condition is the covering of sattar. The sattar of a man in prayer is the area from
his navel to his knees. The woman's sattar in prayer is her full body except her face and
hands. The cover must not be transparent. Allah says: "Children of Adam, dress well when
you attend any place of worship." (7:31)
The last condition is facing of the Qibla, towards the direction of the Ka'aba. If a person
offers an obligatory prayer facing anywhere other than the Qibla, when he is able to face
it, then his prayer is invalid. Allah says. "Turn your face, then, towards the Sacred
Mosque." (2:144)

A.DESCRIBE HOW REGULARLY DAILY PRAYER (SALAH) IS PERFORMED.

[10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
•The importance of Prayer in Islam is great as it is the fore most duty of the Muslims, and
the chief of the pillars on which the structure of Islam stands.
•It is the first thing that was made obligatory on Muslims and the first thing they will be
questioned about on the Day of Judgment

Preparation of Prayer:
•. Wudu: washing of hands, mouths, nostrils, face, arms, across the head, ears, back of the
neck and feet.
•"O Believers! When you prepare for prayers, wash your faces and your hands up to the
elbows, and wipe your heads, and your feet to the ankles. your faces and your hands with
it." and [if you] do not find water then betake yourselves to clean earth and wipe your face
and hand with it."
•Tayamum: first Niyyah should be made, then hands should be rubbed on the earth and
then on the face all the way to the ears, and lastly, clean the hands from the wrist to the
fingers.
•. Sattar: proper dress code i.e. from navel to knees men must be covered and for women
whole body except hands, feet and face
Qibla: facing the Ka'bah
Niyat: intention of prayer

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Performance:
1. Takbir-e-Tehrima is when worshippers stand and raise their open hands to shoulder
level, proclaiming Allahu Akbar.
2. Qiyam is still standing, faithful cross their right arm over their left across their chest or
navel. The believer first recites Sana, then he recites Tawuz i.e. "I betake myself to Allah
for refuge from the accursed Satan" and then Tasmiyah Le "In the Name of Allah, the
Beneficent, the Merciful.
3. After that is Ruku in which worshippers bow toward Mecca, place their hands on their
knees, and recites Tasbih-e-Ruku which is: "Glory be to God, the Greatest" three times.
4. After that is the second Qiyam in which the faithful return to a standing position, arms
at their sides and Allah's glory is proclaimed again. PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH
(PRAYER)
5. After Olyam is Sujud in which worshippers kneel with only palms, knees, toes, forehead,
and nose touching the ground while reciting Takbir. In this position, the Tasbih-e-Sajdan
ie. "Glory to my Lord, the Most High" is being recited at least three times.
6. After that is Tashahhud in which the believer is transitioned into a seated pose, feet
beneath them and hands on laps .

7. Sujud is repeated and then Tashahhud is repeated in which he first recited Tahiyya and
then Durud and a prescribed prayer.

8. Prayers to Allah are said, and the faithful raise their right index fingers briefly to
proclaim their devotion
9. After this, he send his prayer with Taslim in which he turns his face to the right and
looking over the right shoulder, he says: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah".
10. Then turning his face to the left looking over the left shoulder, he repeats the same
words

11 missing prayers is considered a serious lapse of faith for a devoted Muslim.

12. "Between a person and disbelief is discarding prayer."
13. Muslims should make up their missed prayer as soon as possible or at the very least
recite the missed prayer as part of the next regular Salat.

ANSWER:
Salat is among the most important obligations of the Islamic faith for Muslimst reminds us
the opportunities to seek H guidance and forgiveness. It also serves as a reminder of the
connection that Muslims all over the world share throug their faith and shared rituals

403
As with other faiths, Muslims must observe specific rituals as part of their daily prayers.
Before praying, Muslims must be clear of mind and of body. Their clothes should be clean
from impurity otherwise the prayer will be considered vold is pre requisite for Muslims to
engage in ritualistic washing of the hands, feet, arms, and legs, before praying. The minor
form of this purification with water is called Wudhu, while the major form is called Ghust.
Wudhu involves set of techniques and normally all have to be performed three times, with
exception to few. The first is making Nayyah after which laces washed first, and then arms
are washed till elbows, then head needs to be wiped with water. Lastly, feet need to be
washed which marks the end of ablution.
However, sometimes water is not available due to certain reasons. For this, the purification
can be performed with clear earth or soil and is called Tayammum. About this, the Holy
Quran states:
"O Believers! When you prepare for prayers, wash your
faces and your hands up to the elbows, and wipe your heads,
and your feet to the ankles... and [if you] do not find water
then betake yourselves to clean earth and wipe your faces
and your hands with it."

For Tayammum, first Niyyah should be made, then hands should be rubbed on the earth
and then on the face all the way to the ears, and lastly, clean the hands from the wrist to the
fingers.
After they complete their ablution, the believer needs to find a clean place free from any
impurity. If the place of worship is impure, prayer will be considered void. Not only this
the time of the prayer is also necessary, praying before or after the time voids the Salah.
Traditionally, prayers are said while standing on a small prayer rug, though using one isn't
required. The prayers are always recited in Arabic while performing a series of ritualized
gestures and movements intended to glorify Allah and declare devotion called Rak'ha. The
Rak'ha is repeated two to four times, depending on the time of day. The following are
involved in prayer:

Takbir is when worshippers stand and raise their open hands to shoulder level, proclaiming
Allahu Akbar. Olyami standing, faithful cross their right arm over their left across their
chest or navel The believer first recites Sana, then be recites Tawuz ie. "I betake myself to
Allah for refuge from the accursed Satan" and then Tasmiyah Le. "In the Name of Allah,
the Beneficent, the Merciful." After that, Surah Fatiha is recited followed by another surah
or at least thres verses of a surah. This is known as Dirat. After that is Ruku in which
worshippers bow toward Mecca, place their hands on their knees, and recites Tasbih-e-
Ruku which is: "Glory be to God, the Greatest" three times. After that is the second Qiyam
in which the faithful return to a standing position, arms at their sides and Allah's glory is

404
proclaimed again. After Qiyam is Sujud in which worshippers kneel with only paims,
knees, toes, forehead, and nose touching the ground, while reciting Takbir, In this position,
the Tasbih-e-Sajdah .e: "Glory to my Lord, the Most High" is being recited at least three
times. There is a short gap between the two prostrations known as Jalsa After that is
Tashinhud in which the believer is transitioned into a seated pose, feet beneath them and
hands on laps. This is a moment to pause and reflect on one's prayer. Lastly, Sujud is
repeated and then Tashahhud is repeated in which he first recited Tahiyya and then Durud
and a prescribed prayer. Prayers to Allah are said, and the faithful raise their sight index
fingers briefly to proclaim their devotion Worshippers also ask Allah for forgiveness and
mercy. After this, he send his prayer with Taslim in which he turns his face to the right and
looking over the right shoulder, he says: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah". Then
turning his face to the left looking over the left shoulder, he repeats the same words.
PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)
Conclusively speaking, missing prayers is considered a serious lapse of faith for a devoted
Muslim However, circumstances do sometimes arise where a prayer time may be missed.
Tradition dictates that Muslims should make up thei missed prayer as soon as possible or
at the very least recite the missed prayer as part of the next regular Salat

A. DESCRIBE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CONGREGATIONAL PRAYERS

ON FRIDAY. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Friday prayer according to Holy Prophet PBUH is obligatory for every adult male
2. It is highly necessary for Muslims to prepare themselves for Friday prayer. The Quran
says:
3".o you who believe! When the call is proclaimed on Friday (the day of assembly) hasten
earnestly to the remem brance of Allah and leave off business (and traffic) that is best for
you if you but knew." (62:9)
4. Muslims are advised to take bath, put on fresh clothes and apply some fragrance, which
is also a Sunnah of Prophet PBUH-

"O you who believe! When you prepare for prayer, wash your faces and hands to the
elbows; rub your heads;and wash your feet to the ankles." (5:6)
5. Muslims are required to leave their business and go to the mosque as soon as they hear
the Azaan for the Friday prayer.
6.Mainly, males offer congregational prayer but, in some communities, women are also
encouraged to attend and pray in congregation.
7. After the first Azaan is called, one has to offer for pre-Farz Sunnahs.

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8. Second Azaan is called before the Khutbah.
9.Imam delivers the sermon, which is an essential part of Friday prayer.

10. While the Khutbah is being delivered, no conversation is allowed

11. Reading Holy Quran, reciting Durood or even praying is forbidden .
12. The sermon consists of advice based on the Quran and Hadith about living a lifestyle
according to Islam.
13. The second sermon consists of portions of Holy Quran.
14. people arrange themselves in rows while the Iqamat is being called

15: Two Farz Rakahs are offered under the leadership of Imam.
16. As soon as the Farz are offered, the Friday prayer is completed, and the Imam makes
dua
17. Friday prayer cannot be prayed as Qaza, instead, the believer has to offer the Zuhr
prayer 18. Some people exempted from the Friday congregational prayers including
travelers, sick, women, minors, slaves, and children- "The Friday Congregational Prayer is
obligatory for every Muslim, except the slave, the woman, the child and the sick." (Abu
Daud)

ANSWER:
Friday (Jummah) means to congregate, gather or get together. All Muslim men in a
community should try to gather for this payer. In the weekly social ceremony of Muslims,
Friday congregational prayer occupies a special status. It is not only an act of worship, but
also an expression of Muslim power and the magnificence of Islam. Allah has placed a
significant amount of reward for the Friday congregational prayer. It is highly necessary
for Muslims to prepare themselves for Friday prayer. The Quran says:
"O ye who believe! When the call is proclaimed on Friday
(the day of assembly) hasten earnestly to the remembrance
of Allah and leave off business (and traffic) that is best for
you if ye but knew." (62:9)
There are special preparations for this prayer. Muslims need to purify themselves by
bathing, trimming their nails, wearing clean clothes, and applying fragrance. The Quran
says: "O you who believe! When you prepare for prayer, wash your faces and hands to the
elbows, rub your heads; and wash your feet to the ankles." (5:6)

There are two azans for the congregational prayers. Muslims should try to reach the mosque
on the first azan. On reaching the mosque, they should offer Tahayyat-ul-Masjid prayers

406
and then four pre-Farz Sunnahs. The second azan is called before the sermon. Before the
prayer, there are two obligatory sermons in which the one delivering the sermons shares
socio-political issues with the congregation apart from inviting them to observe piety. It is
obligatory to listen to the sermons of the Friday congregational prayer. Non-participation
in the Friday congregational prayer for no reason at all is a sign of hypocrisy. Moreover,
the appointed time is from the beginning of Zuhr up to about an hour after the recital of its
Azaan and later than that, it is no longer permissible. The number of persons offering
Friday congregational prayer should be at least five, including the Imam. Muslims are
allowed to carry out their daily routine on Friday, however, they must break for the Friday
prayer.
After the sermons, Igamat is called, and people arrange themselves in rows. As Friday
prayer is offered in place of Zuhr Prayer, the Farz are prayed in two Rak'as and ant be
prayed alone or after the set time. Muslims should say the prayer together behind the imam.
If someone is unable to perform this prayer in congregation within the prescribed time,
then he must offer the Qaza for Zuhr prayer. PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)
Other than this, there are certain people who are exempted from Friday prayer. Although
women are encouraged for Friday prayer in certain areas, they are not obliged to perform
Jummah prayers. Others include children, any it person facing hardship it he goes to the
mosque, or who fears that his illness will be increased by going to the mosque. Also that
person is exempted if cannot manage in the absence of another person. Additionally, any
person traveling is also excused from per forming Friday prayer. This is based on the fact
that the Holy Prophet traveled and did not perform Jummah prayer butonly prayed the Zuhr
and Ast together. The Holy Prophet said:
"The Friday Congregational Prayer is obligatory for every Muslim, except the slave, the
woman, the child and the sick." (Abu Daud)

B. HOW DOES SALAH HELP KEEP COMMUNITY UNITED? [4]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Salah is an excellent way to bring the Muslim community together

2. Muslims perform the prayer at the same time together.

3. When the prayer is performed in congregation, it develops brotherhood, equality and
humility between Muslims

4. Worshippers stand in rows, shoulder to shoulder, without any distinction of race,

nationality, color, wealth, or status, and all pray together as one body
5. Muslims nave a sense of performing the same task and the same act together

407
6. communal prayers give opportunity to help each other and solve problems which in turn
leads to better social relations

7. This act of unity helps demolish all barriers which stand between men.

ANSWER:
Prayer is the second most important pillar of Islam and is the most regular compulsory
action in a Muslim's life in fact is the one act that must be at least five times a day,
regardless of the conditions, Salah is an excellent way to bring the Mustim community
together. This is evident through the fact that Muslims perform the prayer at the same time
together When the prayer is performed in congregation, it develops brotherhood, equality
and humility between Muslims. The wor shippers stand in rows, shoulder to shoulder,
without any distinction of race, nationality, color, wealth, or status, and all pray together
as one body. All the Muslims have a sense of performing the same task and the same act
together; conse quently building the sense of togetherness. Also, communal prayers give
opportunity to help each other and solve problems which in turn leads to better social
relations. Hence, this act of unity helps demolish all barriers which stand between men.
The Holy Prophet said, "Prayer in congregation is better than praying alone by twenty-
seven degrees." (Sahih al-Bukhari 619, Sahih Muslim650)

B. EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF MOSQUES TO THE MUSLIM

COMMUNITY "OR" MOSQUE IS THE FOCAL POINT IN MUSLIMS' LIVES.
DISCUSS [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. A place where believers get together for religious purposes

2. Educational, political and social centers of society

3. One should enter the mosque with respect, in clean clothes and footwear must be
removed.
4. form of retreat from the worldly activities and engage in spiritual healing
5. for social gathering, Friday prayers, Eid prayers, and even funeral prayers are held at
mosque

6. The appearance of the mosque symbolizes the strength and unity of Muslim community
between other communities
7. exhibits the power and stronghold that Muslims possess and creates fear within the hearts
of the enemies

408
8. May Muslims sometimes withdraw to mosques for the conclusion of Ramadan, an act
called Itiqaf .

9. Praying in mosque also considered to have greater reward than praying alone at home.
The Holy Prophet said,
"Prayer in congregation is better than praying alone by twenty-seven degrees." (Sahih al-
Bukhari 619, Sahih Muslim(650).

ANSWER:
A mosque is generally a very emblematic place for the Muslims all over the world. It is a
place where Muslims not only gather to pray to Allah as a form of congregation but also
serves as a community center for education and guidance, called Madrasas. Along with
this, many Muslims go to mosque as a form of retreat from the worldly activities and
engage in spiritual healing. Mosque serve as a focal point as it also considered a place for
social gathering; Friday prayers, Eid prayers, and even funeral prayers are held at mosque.
The appearance of the mosque symbolizes the strength and unity of Muslim community
between other communities. It exhibits the power and stronghold that Muslime possess and
res tear within the hearts of the enemies. May Muslims sometimes withdraw to mosques
for the conclusion of Ramadan, an act called Itiqat. Not only is this, praying in mosque also
considered to have greater reward than praying stone at home. The Holy Prophet said,
"Prayer in congregation is better than praying alone by
twenty-seven degrees." (Sahih al-Bukhari 619, Sahih
Muslim 650)

B. EXPLAIN THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGULAR PRAYER

(SALAH) & PERSONAL PRAYER (DUA)
HIGHLIGHTS:
Salah:
1. five daily prayers and is a second pillar of Islam
2. have a set pattern described in Quran and Sunnah
3. are always performed in an Arabic language

4.obligation on every Muslim male and female

5. have fixed timings
6. important to face the Qibla while performing Salah

7.Muslim has to perform ablution before they start Salah

409
Du'a:
1. a supplication

2. an intimate conversation with Allah at any time or in any language

3. they don't have a set pattern or language
4.can be offered whenever a person wanit

5. no purification needed for Dua

6. no attached condition before performing personal prayer
7.Dua is a request from Allah regarding oneself or for others

8. can be recited during or even after formal prayers

ANSWERS.
Regular prayer refers to the five daily prayers and is a second pillar of Islam on which we
build our faith. Regular prayers have a set pattern described in and Sunnah and are always
performed in an Arabic language. It is an obligation on every Muslim male and female and
can only be exempted based on certain conditions laid down by Allah. In addition to this,
regular prayers have fixed timings and performing before and long after the fixed amount
of time can declare the prayer as invalid. Besides, it is highly pertinent to face the Oible
while performing Salah; tacing in any other direction voids the prayer. Adding to this, a
Muslim has to perform ablution before they start Salah. Lastly, regular prayers have set of
actions and are actually worship to Allah. The Quran says:

"And I have chosen you, so listen to that which is inspired to

you. Verily, I am God! There is none worthy of worship but
I, so worship Me and offer prayer perfectly for My
remembrance."(20:13-14)
Personal prayer, on the other hand, is a supplication, which can be illustrated as an intimate
conversation with Allah at any time or in any language. Personal prayers are voluntary,
they don't have a set pattern or language like regular prayer and can be offered whenever a
person want. Also, there is no purification needed for Dua or is there any attached condition
before performing personal prayer. In addition to this, Dua is a request from Allah
regarding oneself or for others and can be recited during or even after formal prayers. The
Holy Quran says: "And your Rabb (Cherisher and Sustainer) said: Invoke Me (i.e believe
in My Oneness) (and ask Me for anything) 1 will respond to your (supplication)." (40:60)

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A. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PRAYERS IN CONGREGATION TO
MUSLIMS? [10]

ANSWER:
2. Congregational prayer is an introduction to unity among the ranks, closeness of hearts,
and promotion of the spirit of brotherhood

3. The messenger of Allah has said, "Prayer in congregational is better than the prayer of
one man by himself by twenty-seven times." (Agreed)
4.Only Farz are to be said in congregation and the other rakahs are to be prayed alone.
PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)
5. Congregational prayer is necessary upon every niale, however only in the case of rain,
extreme weather, or lines, tvey can pay pray their homes.

6. Regarding this. Allah says, "And bow down your heads with those who bow down (in
worship)." (2:43)
7. Practice of the Prophet and his companions who always led the congregational prayers
of the believers five times a day in Masjid-e-Nabwi
8. The Holy Prophet said: "If there are three persons in a village or even in a desert and
they do not pray together, the devil would surely overtake them. So always pray Salat in
congregation, for a wolf only injures a solitary sheep." (Abu Daud)
9. Congregational prayers also includes social benefits since it shows the power of Muslims
when they are gathered together
10. It eliminates discord among Muslims and strikes tear in the hearts of the enemies.
11. The gathering of all the people living in a locality five times daily in the Mosque helps
in the establishment of healthy social relations between sections of the Muslim community
12. The gathering reaches its climax on the occasion of the annual pilgrimage when
Muslims from all parts of the world assemble together in Makkah

13. Individuals stand in a single row, setting aside all distinctions of status and promoting
an atmosphere of equality and brotherhood
14. Arouses purity and sense of affection for fellow beings and makes believers experience
a sense of belonging that produce courage and power .
15. A king may stand shoulder to shoulder with his poorest lead subjects and the white man
with the black. It makes believ ers realizes that all men are equal before Allah

411
16. Lessons of equality, fraternity and brotherhood, when put into practice, serve as a
foundation for the unification of the human race

ANSWER:
Islam has emphasized upon the sacred effects of agreement, harmony, and uniformity
amongst fellow Muslims. The per forming of daily prayers in congregation is
personification of that. Congregational prayer is an introduction to unity among the ranks,
closeness of hearts, and promotion of the spirit of brotherhood. The messenger of Allah
has said: "Prayer in congregational is better than the prayer of one man by himself by
twenty-seven times." (Agreed)
Muslims are enjoined to pray congregational prayers in a mosque; only Farz are to be said
in congregation and the other rakahs are to be aid alone. One person with imam will
constitute a congregation even if the other person is a child or a woman. Although women
are allowed to join the congregation, however their prayer in their houses is considered
better. Congregational prayer is necessary upon every male, however, only in the case of
rain, extreme weather, or iliness, they can pay pray their homes.
Praying at congregation was the practice of the Prophet and his companions who always
led the congregational prayers of the believers five times a day in the mosque at Masjid-e-
Nabwi. Due to this, great importance has been placed upon prayer in congregation.
Regarding this, Allah says:

"And bow down your heads with those who bow down (in
worship)." (2:43)
And in another instance, the Holy Prophet said:

"If there are three persons in a village or even in a desert and they do not pray together, the
devil would surely overtake them. So always pray Salat in congregation, for a wolf only
Injures a solitary sheep." (Abu Daud)Along the religious benefits, congregational prayers
also includes social benefits since it shows the power of Muslims when they are gathered
together. It eliminates discord among Muslims and strike fear in the hearts of the enemies.
The gathering of all the people living in a locality five times daily in the Mosque helps in
the establishment of healthy social relations between sections of the Muslim community.
This gathering becomes larger in the weekly Friday prayer and get even larger during the
two Eid gatherings. The gathering reaches its climax on the occasion of the annual
pilgrimage when Muslims from all parts of the world assemble together in Makkah.
Moreover, in congregational prayer, individuals stand in a single row, setting aside all
distinctions of status and promoting an atmosphere of equality and brotherhood. This
arouses purity and sense of affection for fellow being and makes believers experience a
sense of belonging that produce courage and power. In the mosque, a king may stand

412
shoulder to shoulder with his poorest lead subjects and the white man with the black. It
makes believers realizes that all men are equal before Allah.

All in all, the lessons of equality, fraternity and brotherhood, when put into practice, serve
as a foundation for the unification of the human race. The concept of equality amongst
mankind and brotherhood of Muslims would have been considered incomplete and
purposeless it islam did not put it into practice through the institution of congregational
prayer.

PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)

A. EXPLAIN HOW AND WHY MUSLIMS CELEBRATE EID-UL-FITR AND EID-

UL-AZHA? [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1.2 eids in one islamic calendar- Eid-ul-Fitr on 1st Shawal and Eid-ul-Azha on 10th Zilaj
2. A day of thanksgiving when Muslims assemble in a brotherly atmosphere, "The days of
Tashriq (the days in which the Eid is celebrated) are days of eating and drinking and of
remembering Allah, the Exalted."
3. Eid-ul-Fitr is characterized by thanking Allah for his help and blessings through the
successful completion of the month Ramadan

4. Eid-ul-Adha comes at the end of the time linked to the annual pilgrimage of the Hajj, to
celebrate, remember, and honour the devotion and submission of the Prophet Ibrahim to
Allah
5. The attending of special congregational prayers, and the time for it begins from sunrise
up until noon.
6. Neither there is any call to prayer for Eid prayer nor does it substitute Fajr prayers
7. Can only be offered in congregation
8. consist of two Raka'at during which it is recommended to pronounce six extra Takbirs

9. Raka'at involves the Imam reciting in each, Surah Fatiha and other passage from the
Holy Quran in an audible voice
10. The intention for prayer is in these words: "I to offer two Raka'at Wajib of Eid-ul-
Fitr/Eid-ul-Adha (as the case may be) with six additional Takbirs, behind this Imam and I
am facing the Holy Kaabah."
11. Imam recites the Takbir-e-Tehrima, Allahu-Akbar in a loud voice, the Muqtadis should
also say the Takbir in a low voice and fold their hands below their navels as in other
prayers.

413
12. Both the Imam and the Muqtadis now recite Sana in a low voice and after that, the
Imam raides both hands up to the ears and says the Takbir i.e. Allahu Akbar in a loud voice

13. After the third Takbir, the hands are to be folded in the usual manner, they now recite
Tasmiye, Surah Fatiha and some other Surahs
14. the first Raka'at should be completed in a usual manner

15. In the second Raka'at, the Imam recite Tasmiyah, Surah Fatiha and some other Surah;
the Muqtadi attentively listening to it and just say amen
16. After this the Imam raises his hands and recited the Takbir in a loud voice, the Muqdati
doing the same but reciting Takbir in a low voice.
17. They now bring their hands down and keep them hanging by their sides. The hands
should be raised and lowered and the Takbir is being said two more times.

18. Both the Imam and the Muqtadi now say one more Takbir without raising their hands
and bow down for ruku.
19. The second Raka'at should be completed in the usual manner

20. After the two Raka'at of prayer are over, the Imam delivers the sermon in two parts
with a short break in between.
21. The Khutbah is Sunnah and should be heard attentively.

22. The sermon of Eid-ul-Fitr draws the attention of the audience to Sadaqah-ul-Fitr which
is a charity obligatory on every Muslim who can afford it.

23. The sermon of Eid-ul-Adha draws the audiences' attention towards the duty of sacrifice
which is to be observed by every Muslim with means.
24. It is preferable to slaughter the animal of sacrifice on Eid day after prayers

25. Eid-ul-Fitr falls at the end of Ramadan, which is itself the time of Zakat, the giving of
necessary food to the less fortunate.
26. Eid-ul-Adha is the time for sacrificing of animal, which is used for the provision of a
sacrificial animal in a more pover ty-stricken part of the world- "The first thing to be done
on this day (first day of Eid-ul-Adha) is to pray, and after return ing from the prayer we
slaughter our sacrifices (in the name of Allah) and whoever does so, he acted according to
our Sunnah (traditions)." (Sahih al-Bukhari 951)

ANSWER:
Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on 1st of Shawal after the completion of fasting during the month
of Ramadan whereas Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated on 10th of Dhu al Hijja to mark the

414
completion of Hajj. Eid means recurring happiness or festivals; they were prescribed in the
first year after migration. It is Sunnah Mu'kkadah as the Prophet performed these prayers
and ordered me men and women to go out to attend them. Although there are many
similarities between the two festivities in terms of the acts to be carried out and the rituals
that must be performed, the two occasions are focused on very different aspects of Islam.
Both Eids are the days of rejoicing and celebration. The holy prophet said:
"The days of Tashriq (the days in which the Eid is celebrated) are days of eating and
drinking and of remembering Allah, the Exalted."

To explain further, Eid-ul-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan and traditionally lasts for
approximately three days. The festivities are characterized by thanking Allah for his help
and blessings through the successful completion of the month. On the her hand, the
celebration of Eid-ul Adha comes at the end of the time linked to the annual pilgrimage of
the Hajj.

PILLARS OF ISLAM SALAH (PRAYER)

The purpose of these festivities is to celebrate, remember, and honor the devotion and
submission of the Prophet Ibrahim This comes in the form of sacrificing of an animal in
the name of Allah which is conducted immediately following Eid-ul-Adha Salah. It is
desirable to congratulate each other on Eid. Jabir ibn reported
"When the companions of the Prophet ge met each other on the day of Eld, they would say
to each other, taqqabbal minna wa minka' (may Allah) accept it from us and you."
The day of Eid is started with the attending of special congregational prayers, and the time
for it begins from sunrise up until noon. Neither there is any call to prayer for Eid prayer
nor does it substitute Fajr prayers and can only be offered in congregation. Additionally,
Eid prayers consist of two Raka'at during which it is recommended to pronounce six extra
Takbirs Worshippers raise their hands during each pronouncement of the extra Takbir. The
method of prayer for Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha is the same. The two Raka'at involves
the Imam reciting in each, Surah Fatiha and other passage from the Holy Quran in an
audible voice. The intention for prayer is in these words:

"I intend to offer two Raka'at Wajib of Eid-ul-Fitr/id-ul-

Adha (as the case may be) with six additional Takbirs,
behind this Imam and I am facing the Holy Kaabah."

When the Imam recited the Takbir-e-Tehrima, Allahu-Akbar in a loud voice, the Muqtadis
should also say the Takbir in a low voice and fold their hands below their navels as in other
prayers. Both the Imam and the Muqtadis now recite Sana in a low voice and after that, the
Imam raises both hands up to the ears and says the Takbir Le. Allahu Akbar in a loud voice
the Muqtadis imitating the Imam. They the lower their hands and keep them hanging by

415
their sides and repeat the act twice. After the third Takbir, the hands are to be folded in the
usual manner; they now recite Tasmiyah, Surah Fatiha and some other Surahs. The
Muqtadis should listen attentively and not recite anything and only say Ameen in a low
voice after Surah Fatiha. After this, the first Rakat should be completed in a usual manner.
In the second Raka'at, the Imam recite Tasmiyah, Surah Fatiha and some other Surah, the
Muqtadis attentively listening to it and just say amen. After this the Imam raises his hands
and recited the Takbir in a loud voice, the Muqdatis doing the same but reciting Takbir in
a low voice. They now bring their hands down and keep thems hanging by their sides. The
hands should be raised and lowered and the Takbir is being said two more times. Both the
Imam and the Muqtadis now say orie more Takbir without raising their hands and bow
down for ruku. The second Raka'at should be completed in the usual manner. After the two
Raka'at of prayer are over, the Imam delivers the sermon in two parts with a short break in
between. The Khutbah is Sunnah and should be heard attentively.
The sermon of Eid-ul-Fitr draws the attention of the audience to Sadaqah-ul-Fitr which is
a charity obligatory on every Muslim who can afford it. This charity is more rewarding and
preferable if it is distributed before the prayers, so that the poor may also be able to
celebrate the day in festive and cheerful spirit. On the other hand, the sermon of Eid-ul-
Adha draws the audiences' attention towards the duty of sacrifice which is to be observed
by every Muslim with means. It is pref erable to slaughter the animal of sacrifice on Eid
day after prayers. The sacrifice of an animal on second or third day of Eid is also
acceptable.
Aside from both being important festivals, the two Eids, and the reasons why Eid is
celebrated, are all linked by the impor tance of charity. Eid-ul-Fitr falls at the end of
Ramadan, which is itself the time of Zakat, the giving of necessary food to the less
fortunate, and additionally, many Muslims chose to give their Zakat during Ramadan. Eid-
ul-Adha is the time for sacrificing of animal, which is used for the provision of a sacrificial
animal in a more poverty-stricken part of the world, allowing everyone to take part in this
important celebration. The Holy Prophet said:

"The first thing to be done on this day (first day of Eid-ul-

Adha) is to pray, and after returning from the prayer we
slaughter our sacrifices (in the name of Allah) and whoever
does so, he acted according to our Sunnah (traditions)."
(Sahih al-Bukhari 951)

416
PILLARS OF ISLAM FASTING (SAUM)
A. WHAT ARE THE MORAL, SPIRITUAL AND OTHER BENEFITS OF
FASTING IN RAMADAN? (10)
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Meaning of fasting is to learn Taqwa, which the person attains by refraining from evil
acts
2. Muslims experience social and spiritual benefits such as closeness to and consciousness
of Allah

3. Fasting also strengthens the spiritual powers of the believer as it protects men from all
kinds of temptations .
4. The reward of all good deeds are multiplied by ten times to seven hundred times

5. The Holy Quran says: "Fasting is Mine and it is I who give reward for it. (A man) gives
up his sexual passion, food and his drink for my sake. Fasting is like a shield, and he who
fasts has two joys: a joy when breaks his fast and a joy when he meets his Lord. The change
in the breath of the mouth of him who fasts is better in Allah's estimation than the smell of
musk." (Hadis Qudsi)
6. The believer renounces food, drink, and abstains from all other enjoyments and pleasures
willingly in obedience to the command of Allah
7. Fasting purifies the mind and helps a person gain control over his desires as well as
teaches them how to modify their behavior and change bad habits into good ones
8. The Holy Prophet said, "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah
is not in need of his his food and drink." (Sahi Bukhari)

9. Muslims experience hunger and thirst, making them aware of the conditions of the poor
and needy those have nothing to eat for the whole day
10. It brings the rich closer to the poor and awakens sympathies in the heart of the rich for
the poor.
11. Those who are fasting should respect and adhere to the acceptable social norms- refrain
from backbiting, stealing. cheating or any act that might harm others.

12. This increases patience and generosity because believers deprive themselves of
essential commodities and pleasures and everyday activities which they cannot follow.
13. It cultivates in Muslims an attentive and sound sense of right and wrong

417
14. The Holy Prophet said: "... Whoever fasts during Ramadan out of sincere falth and
hoping to attain Allah's rewards, and then all his past sins will be forgiven." (Imam
Bukhari)
15. The previous sins of a person are forgiven and give him another chance to follow the
right path. The holy Prophes (PBUH has said:

16. "Whoever established prayers on the night of the Qadr out of sincere faith and hoping
for a reward from Allah then all his previous sins will be forgiven, and whoever fasts in
the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping

for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven." (Tirmizi)
17. fasting brings economic benefits for the Muslim community the rich spend generously
on the poor to seek the blessing of Allah, enabling the poor to fulfill their needs

18. Abstinence from food and drink for a full month is beneficial for a person's health as it
cleanses the stomach.

ANSWER:
Fasting is a very special act of worship because it is something that is between the fasting
person and Allah. The real meaning of fasting is to learn Taqwa, which the person attains
by refraining from evil acts. However, in addition to Taqwa. tasting Muslims experience
social and spiritual benefits such as closeness to and consciousness of Allah. Fasting siso
strengthens the spiritual powers of the believer as it protects man from all kinds of
temptations. The reward of all good deeds are multiplied by ten times to seven hundred
times. A person fasting experience great satisfaction as they demon strate their deep love
for Allah by obeying His orders. The Holy Quran says:

"Fasting is Mine and it is I who give reward for it. (A man) gives up his sexual passion,
food and his drink for my saks. Fasting is like a shield, and he who fasts has two joys: a
joy when breaks his fast and a joy when he meets his Lord. The change in the breath of the
mouth of him who fasts is better in Allah's estimation than the smell of musk." (Hadis
Qudsi)
The believer renounces food, drink, and abstains from all other enjoyments and pleasures
willingly in obedience to the command of Allah. It builds the believers moral character as
it teaches self-control and self-restrain. Fasting purifies the mind and helps a person gain
control over his desires as well as teaches them how to modify their behavior and change
bad habits into good ones. The Holy Prophet said:
"Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his
leaving his food and drink." (Sahi Bukhari)

418
Moreover, fasting ensures the harmony and unity of society. While fasting, Muslims
experience hunger and thirst, making them aware of the conditions of the poor and needy
those have nothing to eat for the whole day. It brings the rich closer to the poor and awakens
sympathies in the heart of the rich for the poor. Along with this, Muslims experience the
sincere sense of social belongings. Those who are fasting should respect and adhere to the
acceptable social norms. They should refrain from backbiting, stealing, cheating or any act
that might harm others.

PILLARS OF ISLAM FASTING (SAUM)

Muslims experience self-control as they should control their temper, they should remain
calm and refrain from harming others, verbally or physically. This increases patience and
generosity because they deprive themselves of essential com modities and pleasures and
everyday activities which they cannot follow. Fasting brings the sense of hope and
optimism in Allah's grace and forgiveness. It cultivates in Muslims an attentive and sound
sense of right and wrong. The fasting person keeps his fast in secret as well as in public
and acts in a way to please Allah and satisfy his own conscience by being faithful in secret
and in public. The Holy Prophet said:
"... Whoever fasts during Ramadan out of sincere faith and
hoping to attain Allah's rewards, then all his past sins will be
forgiven." (Imam Bukhari)

It also teaches patience, gratitude as well as modesty. The previous sins of a person are
forgiven and give him another chance to follow the right path. The holy Prophet (PBUH
has said:

"Whoever established prayers on the night of the Qadr out

of sincere faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all
his previous sins will be forgiven, and whoever fasts in the
month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping for a
reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be
forgiven." (Tirmizi)

Furthermore, fasting brings economic benefits for the Muslim community. During the
month of Ramadan, the rich spand generously on the poor to seek the blessing of Allah,
enabling the poor to fulfill their needs. Not only this, the old and the permanently sick
people also feed the poor and the needy openhandedly during this holy month. The Holy
Prophet said: "During Ramadan, the provisions of the believers are increased." (Mishkat)
Lastly, fasting is also a physical purification for the person. Abstinence from food and drink
for a full month is beneficial for a person's health as it gives rest to the stomach, cleansing
the whole system of undesirable material such as unwanted fat, cholesterol, and other toxic
matters.

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A. FEATURES OF RAMADAN FAST AND WHICH MUSLIMS ARE EXEMPT
FROM IT. [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Fasting means to abstain from food, marital relations, sins etc, and devote oneself to
praise of Allah during the holy month of Ramadan.

2. Fasting is obligatory for all Muslims adults both males and females.
3. Before fasting. Sehrl is taken till dawn which involves consumption of food and drink
as one has to remain hungry for the rest of the day.

4. An intention before fasting and taking Sehri has to be made which is "I intend to keep
tomorrow's fast of Ramadan."
5. The person is subject to all restrictions and prohibitions associated with fast until the
setting of the sun.
6. They include eating, drinking, smoking, consuming medicine by mouth and marital
relations. Any type of sin whether minor or major has to be avoided during the state of
fasting.
7. The only things for which a Oaza fast is necessary include swallowing something other
than food or drink, injecting the liquid medicine in body, vomiting, entering of water in the
throat while gargling.
8. If the fast is broken intentionally or by any means that are prohibited, then in addition to
the Oaza fast, the person shall have to pay Kaffara.
9. It is for the every fast broken, the believer have to fast for 60 days continuously
10. One must try to commit as many deeds as he can and seek for Allah's forgiveness.

11. The primary purpose of fasting is to please Allah as much as we can and to abstain
from all types of sins
12. There are some special cases which are exempted from fasting and they do not have to
keep the Qaza fast including menstruating, pregnant or nursing ladies.
13. A patient in severe condition, infants and old people who are feeble are all exempted
from fasting

14. All of the restrictions are lifted as soon as the time for Maghrib prayer comes. Muslim
has to break the fast after the sunset by reciting the following verses: "o Allah! I fasted for
you, believe in you and put my trust in you with your suste nance, I now break the fast."

15. The fast is usually broken with consumption of date and water which is a Sunnah itself.

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16. All the prohibitions are lifted, and the Muslim may carry out the tasks normally until
the time of Sehri

ANSWER:
Fasting is the fourth pillar of Islam in which a person abstains from eating, drinking,
intimate relations, smoking, and trivial pursuits from first light till dusk. It is regarded as
the holiest month of Islam since Quran was sent down in this month. The Quran says:
"Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you
may refrain against sins."

(2:138) PILLARS OF ISLAM FASTING (SAUM)

Sawm is a form of worship which has its own characteristics and uniqueness. Unlike other
forms of worship, fasting is the ongest form of it from somewhere around 15 to 16 hours a
day or even more. Certain routine has to be followed for the tist to be deemed acceptable.
During the holy month, Muslims wake up early to eat a pre-dawn meal called suhoor, it is
sunnah and there is a great reward and blessing in taking suhoor. Muslims should make an
intention for the fast l.e. "I intend to keep tomorrow's fast of Ramadan." During the fast,
Muslims are obliged to abstain from anything considered Haram or Makruh. They do not
quarrel, have disputes, indulge in arguments, or do anything that is forbidden. They should
also refrain from smoking. sexual intercourse or such acts, medicines etc; this is known as
Imsak. They should try to discipline themselves morally and ethically, besides gaining
physical training and discipline. Moreover, observer should also not make a show of their
fasting by talking too much about it, or by showing dry lips and a hungry stomach, or by
showing a bad temper. During the fast, acts of charity and goodness to others and increasing
worship and reading of the Quran is beneficial and highly rewarding. The Holy Prophet
said:
"When the month of Ramadan starts, the gates of the heaven
are opened, and the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils
are chained."
Muslims carry out their normal day-to-day activities with these conditions in mind. The
fast is broken at the time of Maghrib prayer, called Iftar, after which consumption of food
and other activities is allowed. Many Muslims follow the example of Holy Prophet by
taking a drinking and eating a date and then pray. They follow this with a meal often eaten
with friends. The fast is broken by reciting of the prayer:
"O Allah! I fasted for you and believe in you and I put my trust in you and with the
sustenance you have given me, I now break the fast.

"Furthermore, there are two main components of fasting, intention and abstinence. A
Muslim should make a sincere inten tion to fast for the of the heart and mind. Secondly,

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abstaining from dawn to dusk from everything that invalidates fasting as mentioned
previously.

Muslims should try to be present at the recitation of Quran in the Tarawih prayers during
the course of the month. On the night of power they should attend mosques and spend the
night in prayer some Muslims withdraw to mosques for the last ten days of Ramadan which
is called Itiqat. During itigat, they dedicate their time to prayer and worship. The fasts of
Ramadan continue until new moon of Shawal.
Fasting in the month of Ramadan is obligatory upon every adult Muslim, male or female,
who has reached puberty, is sarve and who is not sick or traveling. Sickness could be a
temporary sickness from which a person expects to be cured soon. Such a person should
not fast during the days of his or her sickness but must fast later after Ramadan to complete
the missed days. Also, those who are sick with incurable illness and expect no better health
are also allowed not to fast, but they must pay the Fidyah, which is giving a day's meals
for each fast missed to a needy person. Instead of food for one day one can also give
equivalent amount of money to a needy person. Additionally, women in their menses and
post-natal bleeding are not allowed to fast, but they must make up the fast later after
Ramadan. Lastly, pregnant women and mothers who are nursing babies can also postpone
their fasting to a later time when they are able to do so. If the breaking of the fast before
sunset is intentional, then a person has to pay the Kaffara in which he has to fast for
continuous 60 days in addition to Qaza, but in case of an illness, feed 60 people twice a
day.

PILLARS OF ISLAM ZAKAT (ALMSGIVING)

A OUTLINE THE PRACTICES/WAYS IN WHICH ALMSGIVING (ZAKAT) IS

CARRIED OUT. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Zakat is the third pillar of the Islamic faith
2. It can be defined as the portion of man's wealth, which is designated for the poor- "We
made them leaders, guiding by Our command, and We inspired them to do good deeds, the
observance of the Salat and the giving of the Zakat. They were worshippers of Us."(21:73)
3. The Zakat is obligatory on every free adult Muslim who owns and possesses a property
to the prescribed state called Nisab

4. Nisab is the minimum amount of possession on which Zakat is liable

5. Zakat is payable on cash, silver, gold, jewelry, animals, mines, agricultural goods.
6. There are set percentages for the payment of Zakat.

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7. On cash, it amounts to 2.5%.
8. The person who possesses 52.5 tolas silver or 7.5 tolas of gold, he is liable to pay Zakat
at a rate of 2.5%.
9. The owner of the mines must pay the amount that is of one-fifth of their total production,
called Khums

10. The state of Zakat, which is implied as an agricultural production is called Ushr.
11. It amounts for the part of land irrigated artificially and the of the land fed by
12. In livestock, on every 30 sheep, 1 goat must be given.

13. On every 30 to 40 cattle, 1 call on the age of one year is to be given

14. On every 5 camels, one goat or sheep must be given
15. Sadaqa-tul-Fitr -given to the needy ones at the mosque.
16. It is to be given to poor who do not possess any property, equal to that of Nisab
17. "Alms are for the poor and the needy and those employed to administer the (funds); for
those whose hearts have been recently reconciled (to truth); for those in bondage and in
debt; in the cause of Allah, and for the wayfarer."(9:60)
18. Those who are in need and are forced to beg
19. Those who have newly accepted islam and need necessities.

20. The slaves who have to earn their freedom and are in debt.
21. Zakat can also be given to travelers and to those who have been appointed to collect it.

22. Zakat must not be given to descendants of the prophets, one's parents or children and
to non-Muslims.
23. It cannot be given as a part of the salary to any employee or worker.

ANSWER:
Zakat is the third piltar of claim; the word is derived from Zakat which means to increase
or to bless Ameri word as used in the Quran carries the sense of puntication. Zakat has
been mentioned in the Quran 32 times, signifying importance for a Muslim. The amount
of payment and distribution of Zakat was defined at Macina in the second year the Hijrat
at is a duty prescribed for the individual as a kind of worship, which is carried out just
because Allah ordered it. terve a mission like eliminating the tension and conflict in the
community, liberating the payer from selfishness and developing pace of mind it is
important to notice that Zakat is based upon stronger foundation since it is directed towards

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the e and stability of the whole of community. According to the Duran, the Zakat was
decreed for mankind as far back as the ime of Prophet Ibrahim. The Holy Quran says:

"We made them leaders, guiding by Our command, and We

inspired them to do good deeds, the observance of the Salat
and the giving of the Zakat. They were worshippers of
Us."(21:73)
Zakat is an obligation on every free adult Muslim, man or woman, who owns the property
to the extent to the prescribed ute caned Nisab, Nisab states that the property has remained
in his ownership and possession of lawful goods or money. uninterruptedly for full one
year. Moreover, there are certain requirements regarding almsgiving such its payment is
made in gold, silver and money, land crops, jewelry, domestic animals, minerals,
agricultural land and all kinds of traded commer ral goods.
The Nisab was set by the Holy Prophet at a rate equivalent to 67 48 grams of gold and 612
36 grams of silver On cash, gold and silver, Zakat is paid at a rate of 2.5% and any person
possessing 52.5 tolas of silver or 7.5totas of gold is te to pay Zakat. Secondly, the owners
of mines have to pay one-fifth of the produce of mines which is called Khums. Thirdly, the
producers of agricultural lands, called Ushr, are also found in Quran. It is levied at the rate
of one-tenth of the agricultural produce of lands benefitting from rain or some natural
spring, and one twentieth of the produce of artificially ingsted lands. Fourthly, on all the
articles of trade, the exceeding rate of 200 dirham is liable for Zakat. Fifthly, for every tuty
sheep or goats, one goat is liable for Zakat. On thirty to forty cattle, one calf of one year is
liable for Zakat. On every forty cattle, a two-year-old calf is liable for Zakat. On every five
camels, one goat or sheep is liable for Zakat. Lastly, is also an obligatory charity given on
the completion of the month of Ramadan.

PILLARS OF ISLAM ZAKAT (ALMSGIVING)

In addition to this, Zakat is something that has been divinely ordained and is regarded as
the right of both Allah and the poor. Alms are given to a group of people which include
those who are poor and do not possess wealth equal to Niab Secondly, those who are
extremely poor, needy, and are forced to beg for food are responsible for Zakat, Thirdly,
the admin istrators who are officially appointed by an islamic Head of State or government
to collect Zakat should be paid it is not nec essary that they are poor or needy. Fourthly,
debtors are liable for Zakat that are unable to repay loans. It is conditional that the debt is
not due to any un-Islamic purpose. Fifthly, waytarers and travelers who maybe well to do
at home, but during their journey do not possess basic necessities are liable for Zakat. They
can fulfill their travel needs and return home Sixthly, slaves who work for remuneration
and have an agreement with their masters to purchase their freedom on payment of fixed
amount. Seventhly, newly converted Muslims who need basic necessities of life are also

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dependable for Zakat. Lastly, those people who have to fulfil an obligation but are unable
to do so due to poverty are liable for Zakat. The Holy Quran states,

"Alms are for the poor and the needy and those employed to administer the (funds); for
those whose hearts have been recently reconciled (to truth); for those in bondage and in
debt; in the cause of Allah; and for the wayfarer." (9:60)

There are certain people who should not be given Zakat which includes the descendants of
the Holy Prophet to one's parents or to one's children, it cannot be given to the non-Muslims
and cannot be given to a person as remuneration for.

A. HOW DO THE INDIVIDUALS AND COMMUNITY BENEFIT FROM

ALMSGIVING (ZAKAT)? [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The payment of Zakat was defined at Makkah in the second year of the Hijrat
2. It is abiding by one of the pillars of Islam, upon which resto an individual's prosperity
in this worldly life and in the hereafter

3. It creates a setting of elimination of various social problems by establishing a concurrent

atmosphere for hoth the rich and the poor
4. People come closer together like a single family in which those who have the means of
showing compassion to those who cannot fulfill their needs.
5. way of preventing extreme financial disparity and associated evils and crimes

6. reduces the class struggle by abolishing the economic gaps between the have and have-
nots by eradicating the concept of begging because everyone is getting their rights
7. It is obligatory for those who possess wealth according to Nisab. Narrated by Abu
Huraira (RA), the Holy Prophet said: "The best charity is that which is practiced by a
wealthy person. And start giving first to your dependents." (Sahih Bukhari, Chapter 24,
507)

8. giving to others purifies their own wealth, increases its value, and causes one to
recognize that everything we have is a trust from Allah.
9. Paying Zakat is required of every adult Muslim man or woman who possesses wealth
of a certain minimum amount also prevents money from being hoarded; it leads money to
investment
10. leads to an equal distribution of wealth in the society and prevents its accumulation in
the hands of a few
11. If people do not invest their wealth, it will gradually be consumed by Zakat

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12. Zakat also relieves a person of his debt. The Frophet said: "If anyone of you is a
guardian of an orphan who owns property, he must trade with (invest) it and not leave it
till Sadaqa (Zakat) consumes it." (Tirmizi)
13. Payment of Zakat provides openhandedness, generosity, and sympathy in a Muslim
towards the needy person

14. removes the grudges and ill feelings found in the heart of the poor and destitute
15. The rich will develop the feelings of love, compassion and mercy toward the poor
16. The poor will develop the feelings of obedience, respect, working carefully toward the
rich
17. It prevents individuals from nurturing grudge and hatred and from cooperating with the
enemies of the society

18. If the financial difficulties of the have-nots are decreased, they will not engage in
wrongful behavior such as theft or killing
19. Zakat is sacrificial giving which results in the welfare of the have-nots

20. It indicates a person's sincerity of faith

21. It shows his commitment to sacritice something which ne covets in the way of Allah
22. So it is a blessing for a receiver as well as for the giver because by paying Zakat, the
wealth of the payer also increases. And He says: "And that which you give as a gift (to
others) in order that it may increase (your wealth by expecting something in return) from
other people's property, has no increase with Allah But that which you give in Zakat
sincerely for the sake of Allah, those peuple shall have manifold increase." (30:39)

PILLARS OF ISLAM ZAKAT (ALMSGIVING)

Zakat acts as a bond between members of society, in which collective harmony is
dependent on individual harmony. It greates a setting of elimination of various social
problems by establishing a concurrent atmosphere for both the rich and he poor. People
come closer together like a single family in which those who have the means of showing
compassion to mose who cannot fulfill their needs. Zakat has the way of preventing
extreme financial disparity and associated evils and gimes. Not only this, it also reduces or
even eliminates social conflicts pertaining to finance which includes interest payments.
The payment of Zakat was defined at Makkah in the second year of the Hijrat.
Zakat reduces the class struggle by abolishing the economic gaps between the have and
have-nots by eradicating the concept of begging because everyone is getting their rights;
constructs a stable and working class through increase in number of donors who pay

426
regularly. Zakat is not some voluntary charity, in fact, it is obligatory for those who possess
wealth according to Nisab. Narrated by Abu Huraira (RA), the Holy Prophet said:

The best charity is that which is practiced by a wealthy person. And start giving first to
your dependents." (Sahih Bukhari, Chapter 24, 507)
Further to this, Zakat has an obvious social relevance where purification of an individual's
possession takes place through helping those in need of money. Muslims believe that
giving to others purifies their own wealth, increases its value, and causes one to recognize
that everything we have is a trust from Allah. Paying Zakat is required of every adult
Muslim man or woman who possesses wealth of a certain minimum amount. It also
prevents money from being hoarded; it leads money Investment. Through investments, it
leads to an equal distribution of wealth in the society and prevents its accumulation in the
hands of a few. If people do not invest their wealth, it will gradually be consumed by Zakat,
therefore it is an effective way of keeping wealth in circulation. Zakat also relieves a person
of his debt. The Prophet said If anyone of you is a guardian of an orphan who owns
property, he must trade with (invest) it and not leave it til
Sadaqa (Zakat) consumes it." (Tirmizi)
Zakat fastens together the individuals since it is a kind of social solidarity. Payment of
Zakat provides openhandedness, gen erosity, and sympathy in a Muslim towards the needy
person and removes the grudges and ill feelings found in the heart of the poor and destitute.
The rich will develop the feelings of love, compassion and mercy toward the poor. The
poor will develop the feelings of obedience, respect, working carefully toward the rich.
The feelings of jealousy, hostility, and envy will be calm and even eradicated. The rich will
not oppress the poor and put them under obligation, the poor will not develop the feelings
of slavery, grudge and hate toward the rich. Furthermore, it prevents individuals from
nurturing grunge and hatred and from cooperating with the enemies of the society. If the
financial difficulties of the have-nots are decreased.
they will not engage in wrongful behavior such as theft or killing. The Holy Quran says:
"You shall observe the Contact Prayers (Salat) and give the obligatory charity (Zakat) and
bow down with those who bow down."(2:43)
Zakat is sacrificial giving which results in the welfare of the have-nots. On one hand, it
indicates a person's sincerity of faith, while on the other hand it shows his commitment to
sacrifice something which he covets in the way of Allah. It is abiding by one of the pillars
of Islam, upon which rests an individual's prosperity in this worldly life and in the hereafter.
A Muslim sternly believes that giving in the path of Allah is acknowledging the fact that
whatever wealth one possesses is in reality the Almighty's, and giving a monetary sacrifice
is for one's Lord. So it is a blessing for a receiver as well as for the giver because by paying
Zakat, the wealth of the payer also increases. And He says:

427
"And that which you give as a gift (to others) in order that it may increase (your wealth by
expecting something in

return) from other people's property, has no increase with Allah But that which you give in
Zakat sincerely for the sake of Allah, those people shall have manifold increase." (30:39)
All in all, Zakat benefits the whole of the society in one way or another. Not only this, it
also cleanses the wealth as well as the soul of the payer and reduces gap between the rich
and the poor.

PILLARS OF ISLAM

A. HOW DO MUSLIM INDIVIDUALS AND MUSLIM COMMUNITY BENEFIT

FROM THE ANNUAL PILGRIMAGE (HAJJ)? [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
Muslims sacrifice their wealth, their time, and physical as well as mental energies in the
way of Allah Almighty
3. The holy Quran stated:

4. "And (mention, O Muhammad), when We designated for Abraham the site of the House,
[saying), "Do not associate anything with Me and purify My House for those who perform
Tawaf and those who stand (in prayer) and those who bow and prostrate." (22-26)

5. Muslims from all parts of the world come together and show their love for one another
and get to know each other

6. Muslims demonstrateg unity in time, place, actions and appearance. All of them stand
in the different locations of Hajj at the same time, doing the same actions, wearing the same
clothes

7. Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people anywhere in the world.

8. People of all colors, backgrounds, and wealth come together as equals in front of their
creator

9. Everyone wears the same Ihram to signity that no one is better than his Muslim brother.
10. This creates unity among the Muslims of the world; it fosters brotherhood and love for
the sake of Allah.

11. Pilgrims enter into a state of spiritual purity when they wear Ihram that is aimed at
shedding symbols of materialism, giving up worldly pleasures and focusing on the inner
self over outward appearance

12. It brings the pilgrim closer to Allah, and he feels that the entire barrier between him
and his Creator are removed.

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13. In the plain of Arafat, on this great occasion hundreds and thousands of people assemble
and proclaim together (here Iam O Lord! Here I am) and they feel that nothing stands
between them and Allah.
14. The sins the person are washed away, the prophet said: "An accepted pilgrimage has
no reward except 15. the season of Hajj brings a great deal of good in both spiritual and
worldly terms, as the Muslims may benefit by Paradise." (Agreed)
coming together, learning from one another and doing business.
16. get a chance to devise plans and strategies that may benefit the Muslims on an
individual level and evolve economic strategies that are beneficial to the entire Muslim
world.
17. The assembling at Makkah every year provides the Muslim leaders an opportunity to
discuss their common problems and formulate a common policy .
18. On a personal level, it is a kind of jihad for the sake of Allah and carries immense
reward for the one who does it in the prescribed manner.

ANSWER:
Hajj is the fifth and the last pillar of islam which is compulsory upon all those Muslims
who are physically and financially healthy. It is a form of worship which covers all the
aspect of human life, Muslims sacrifice their wealth, their time, and physical as well as
mental energies in the way of Allah Almighty. The pilgrimage is performed by Muslims to
the Holy city of Makkah in Dhul Hijjah, which is the last month of the Islamic calendar.
The holy Quran stated:
"And [mention, O Muhammad), when We designated for
Abraham the site of the House, [saying], "Do not associate
anything with Me and purify My House for those who
perform Tawaf and those who stand [in prayer) and those
who bow and prostrate." (22:26)
During Haji. Muslims from all parts of the world come together and show their love for
one another and get to know each other. The Muslims demonstrate unity in time, place,
actions and appearance. All of them stand in the different locations of Hajj at the same
time, doing the same actions, wearing the same clothes, all with humbleness before Allah.
They come before their creator in extreme humility, wearing two white sheets without any
distinction between the high and the low, the king or the servant, gather at the same place
and utter the same words, called Taliyah.
Furthermore, Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people anywhere in the world. People
of all colors, backgrounds, and wealth come together as equals in front of their creator.

429
Everyone wears the same Ihram to signify that no one is better than his Muslim brother.
This creates unity among the Muslims of the world, it fosters brotherhood and love for the
sake of Allah. Pilgrims enter into a state of spiritual purity when they wear thram that is
aimed at shedding symbols of material ism, giving up worldly pleasures and focusing on
the inner self over outward appearance

Hajj is a great spiritual experience. It brings the pilgrim closer to Allah, and he feels that
the entire barrier between him and his Creator are removed. In the plain of Arafat, on this
great occasion hundreds and thousands of people assemble and proclaim together there am
O Lord! Here am) and they feel that nothing stands between them and Allah. Moreover,
the sins of the person are washed away, the prophet said:
"An accepted pilgrimage has no reward except Paradise."
(Agreed)

PILLARS OF ISLAM HAJJ

In addition to this, the season of Hajj brings a great deal of good in both spiritual and
worldly terms, as the Muslims may benefit by coming together, earning from one another
and doing business. People have the opportunity to discuss the economic problems, get a
chance to devise plans and strategies that may benefit the Muslims on an individual level
an theve economic strategies that are beneficial to the entire Muslim world. The assembling
at Makkah every year provides by Muslim leaders an opportunity to discus their common
problems and formulate a common policy that can be pursued by all Muslim countries in
the United Nation Organizations, the Security Council or other such world forume. Not
only this It also provides them with opportunity to discuss and agree on many topics of
common interest.
On a personal level, it is a kind of jihad for the sake of Allah and carries immense reward
for the one who does it in the pre scribed manner. It is exhibited through the fact that
Muslims continuously remember Allah during Hall. He is respected at the time when the
pilgrim carry out certain activities which includes reciting the Taliyah, carrying out the
ritual of Tawat, going between al-Safa and al-Marwa, standing in Arafat, staying overnight
in Muzdalifah and stoning of the Jamrah. The Holy Prophet stated:
"Circumambulation of the Ka'bah, going between al-Sata and al-Marwah and stoning the
Jimaar have only been scribed to establish the remembrance of Allah."

A pilgrim believes that he has moved closer to Allah and has had all their sins forgiven.
This is an experience that is to change a Muslim for the better. Conclusively speaking, Hajj
teaches us patience, discipline, and strengthens the bond between the Muslim
communities.between the Muslim communities

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A. "PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOUSE IS A DUTY MEN OWE TO ALLAH, THOSE
WHO CAN AFFORD THE ED FOR WHOM THE ANNUAL PILGRIMAGE, HAJJ,
COMPULSORY AND WHICH MUSLIMS ARE EXEMPTED
JOURNEY (3.97) [10]
FROM IT.

(ID) WHAT THINGS ARE FORBIDDEN TO MUSLIMS WHILE IN A STATE OF

IHRAM?
HIGHLIGHTS:

PART (1):
1. Hajj is compulsory on all those aduit Muslims who are free and financially able.
2. Person is not in debt or has taken a loan especially for Hall and arranges all the basic
need of journey and arrangements for himself as a dependent person.
3 Pilgrim should also be mentally and physically sound which means that they can bear the
hardship of travelling to and from the House of Allah, Allah says, "Pilgrimage thereto is a
duty, men owe to Allah those who can afford the journey."(Al-Imran 3:97)
4. Those who are not physicaly able, because of old age or extreme sickness to leave their
homes may delegate another Muslin, who has already fulfilled their own obligation of Haj,
to perform it on their behalf
5. Women need to have a Mahram male, such as husband, father, son, nephew etc., with
her in order to proceed for Haji
6. The Prophet (PBUH) said,
7. "A woman should not travel except with a dhu-mahram, and no man may visit her except
in the presence of dhu-mahram", a man got up and said "O Allah's apostle! I intend to go
to such, and such an army and my wife wants to perform Hajj", the prophet said, (to him),
"Go along with her (to Hajj)". (Sahih Bukhari)

PART (11):
1. Cutting fingernails or toenails or any hair whether this is by pulling them out, cutting
them off, or otherwise

2. Using of perfume is also prohibited along with scented oil for the head and beard
3. Man is prohibited from covering his head or part of his head in Hajj with anything which
is considered in the norm as a Cover

4. Men are also not allowed to wear any sewn garment such as socks and sewn shoes.

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5. For the women, they should not cover their face and hands but must cover their heads
and wear loose clothing

6. sexual acts and their kind are prohibited in a state of thram and engaging in any kind of
sexual activity invalidates the Hajj
7. Hunting or killing of any animal or insect or cutting of any plantation is strictly forbidden
during this state. HAJJ
Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and All Muslims able to do so are required to make the Haj
pilgrimage to Makkah at w once in their lifetime. It denoten both the outward act of
physically travelling and the inward act of a person's contempte of their faith. Hajj is
compulsory on all those adult Muslims who are free and financially able Basically, a person
not debt or has taken a loan especially for Hajj and arranges all the basic need of journey
and arrangements for him a dependent person. Also, pilgrim should also be mentally and
physically sound which means that they can bear the hurd of travelling to and from the
House of Allah Allah says: "Pilgrimage thereto is a duty; men owe to Allah those who can
afford the journey." (Al-Imran 3:57)
Those who are not physically able, because of old age or extreme sickness to leave their
homes may delegate an Muslim, who has already fulfilled their own obligation of Hall, to
perform it on their behalf. Moreover, when comes to woman performing Hajj, she needs to
have a Mahram male, such as husband, father, son, nephew etc., with her in order to
proceed for Hajj. Without a Mahram male, she is not obliged to perform Hajj. The Prophet
(PBUH) ssid,
"A woman should not travel except with a dhu-mahram, and
no man may visit her except in the presence of dh-mu ram",
a man got up and said "O Allah's apostle! intend to go to
such, and such an army and my wife wants to perform Hajj",
the prophet said, (to him), "Go along with her (to Haji)".
(Sahih Bukhari)
There are certain activities from which the pilgrim must refrain while they are in a state of
ihram. These include cutting in gernails or toenails or any hair whether this is by pulling
them out, cutting them off, or otherwise. Moreover, using of perfume is also prohibited
along with scented oil for the head and beard. Addition to this, a man is prohibited from
covering his head or part of his head in Hajj with anything which is considered in the norm
as a cover, however, they can use umbrel las as it is not a head cover. Men are also not
allowed to wear any sewn garment such as socks and sewn shoes. For the women, they
should not cover their face and hands but must cover their heads and wear loose clothing.
Further to this, sexual acts and their kind are prohibited in a state of Ihram and engaging in

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any kind of sexual activity invalidates the Haj Lastly, hunting or killing of any animal or
insect or cutting of any plantation is strictly forbidden during this state.

These restrictions ensure that the pilgrims are focused on what they are doing and
concentrating on Allah. Throughout the Hajj, they also offer prayers to Allah while making
their observances.

A. DESCRIBE THE MAIN EVENTS OF ANNUAL PILGRIMAGE (HAJJ). [10]

HIGHLIGHTS:
1. The performance of Hall is very difficult and strenuous form of worship though Muslims
should stempt to go bece in their lifetime Allah- those who can afford the journey." (1977)
2. The Quran says "Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to.
3. Pilgrims arrive in Makkah by the 7th day of Dhu al-Hall.

4. They purity themselves and the men put on thram It is the preparation, entering into the
purified state at prescribed stations, Mawagit, by shedding ordinary clothes and putting on
two seamless clothes called thram

5. They are worn in such a way that one is around the waist and other is over the shoulder.
6. Females do not use these clothes instead; they put on simple and modest clothes to cover
their bodies with the excep tion of face and hands

7. At the great Mosque of Ka'aba, Masjid ul Haram, they perform the Tawat.
8. It is anti-clockwise circumambulation of Kaaba seven times, at the inception and
conclusion of Hajj .
9. The pilgrims carry out Sa'i between the hills of Safa and Marwa by running between the
hills seven times.

10. The Quran says: "Behold! Safa and Marwa are among the symbols of Allah. So if those
who visit the house in the season or at other times should compass them around, it is no sin
in them. And if anyone obeys his own impulse to good, be sure that Allah is He who
recognizes and knows." (2:158)
11. On the eight day of Dhu al-Hajj, the pilgrims proceed to the plain of Mina, where they
spend the night in praying and worship of Allah.

12. On a ninth day, they leave Mina for Arafat, where they recite Holy Quran and pray Asr
and Zuhr together at the Jabal-Rahma
13. This process is known as Wuquf in which they spend time by reciting appropriate
passages from Quran .

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14. At the time of sunset, the pilgrims leave Arafat for Muzdalifah, where they spend their
night in worship while performing Isha and Maghrib together.

15. Later on, they gather pebbles for the next day.
16. At the time of dawn, they proceed to Mina,
17. They perform Rami- throwing pebbles at the Jamarat

18. The stone pillars in three in total and they symbolize Satan who tried to mislead Hazrat
Abraham (RA) at three places,
where Jamarat are situated.

19. The animal sacrificing, Udhiya is performed on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hajj PILLARS
OF ISLAM
HAJJ
20. The sacrificed camels, We have made for you as among the symbols from Allah: In
them is much good for you. Then pronounce the name of Allah over them as they are lined
up for sacrifice. When they are down on their sides

after slaughter, eat from them and feed others." (22:36)

21. The Eid ul Azha is performed at Mina
22. Men usually have their heads shaved at this time

23. Rami has then performed once again on 11th and 12th day as well.
24. On the 12th day, the pilgrims return to the Ka'aba for the final Tawaf and with this
observance, the Hajj is completed

ANSWER:
He is performed in Dhul Hijja and is a once in a lifetime of worship, though stable and able
adult male and female. The performance of Hajj is a very strenuous and arduous form of
worsun, though Muslims should attempt to go once in the lifetime, if they have the means.
The main objective of Hajj is to purify the soul in order to quality for Allah's mercy in the
hereafter. The Holy Quran says: "Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah- those who
can afford the journey." (3:97)
The preparation of Hajj starts on 7th of Dhul-Hijja, when pilgrims enter into a state of
devotion and purity, called thram. At the station of Mawagit (Miqat), men shed ordinary
clothes and wear two lengths of white cloth without seam, called ar and Rida, and women
can wear regular clothing as long as it is clean and modest, with veils covering their heads
but not their faces.

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The first day of pilgrimage start on 8th of Dhul-Hijja and pilgrims commemorate this by
performing Tawaf around Ka'aba They walk counterclockwise seven times and it a pilgrim
is near enough to the Ka'aba, they can touch the Black Stone, and if not, they raise their
hands in a salute palm first facing the stone. There are two necessities to perform for the
male pligrim which are Al-lahtebaa and Al-Raml, Al-Idhtebaa involves placing the middle
of one's Rida under his right arm and the ends of it over his left shoulder from the start till
the end of Tawaf. On the other hand, Al-Raml involves speeding up one's pace with the
small steps during the first three circuits. The last four circuits can be done at a normal
pace.
TNext, the pilgrims perform the Sa'i which is a ritual of running seven times between the
twn hills of Sata and Marwah, the act honors Hazrat Hajira's search for water for her son
ismail. The pilgrims begin with a Niyat of Sa'i, and during each round, men should run the
distance between the two green pillars following the practice of the Holy Prophet
Regarding this act, the Holy Quran says:

"Behold! Safa and Marwa are among the symbols of Allah,

So I those who visit the house in the season or at other times
should cthem around, it is no sin in them. And if anyone
obeys his own impulse to good, be sure that Allah is He who
recognizes and knows." (2:158)

After the Sa'i is completed, men should shave or trim their hair, while women should clip
their hair the length of a fingertip. After this completion of Sa'l, the pilgrims move from
Makkah to Mina, which is a small village where they spend a night and prepare themselves
for day 2. On the morning of 9th Dhul-Hijja, the pilgrims travel to the Plain of Arafat where
they perform the Wuquf as the Prophet said, "Hajj is halting at Arafat", a rite in which they
spend the entire day standing or sitting near Mount Arafat asking Allah for forgiveness and
making supplications. This is the climax of the Hajj when Muslims believe that the
misdeeds of their lives, until this time, are forgiven. The prayers of Aar and Zuhr are
performed together in this plain. Also, the Hall sermon is also delivered here.

After sunset on the Day of Arafat, the pilgrims leave and travel to a nearby open plain
called Muzdalifah where they spend the night and gather pebbles for the next day. On the
third day 10th of Dhul-Hijja, the pilgrims move before sunrise, this time back to Mina.
Here they perform the Rammi ceremony, during which they throw the stone pebbles at
three pillars that represent Satan. The three pillars are Jamarat al-Aqaba, Jamarat al-Wusta
and Jamarat al-Sughra.

After throwing the pebbles, most pilgrims slaughter an animal and give away the meat to
the poor, the act called Udhiya. This is a symbolic act leads to the Eid-ul-Adha which
shows their willingness to part with something precious to them, as a remembrance of
Ibrahim who was prepared to sacrifice his son at Allah's command. After the sacrifice,

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people are released from their prohibitions and most cut their hair or shave for the next
day's events.

"The sacrificed camels, We have made for you as among the

symbols from Allah: In them is much good for you. Then
pronounce the name of Allah over them as they are lined up
for sacrifice. When they are down on their sides after
slaughter, eat from them and feed others." (22:36)
The act of Ray is carried out on the eleventh and twelfth days as well. Over the next two
to three days, the pilgrims return to Makkah and perform the Tawat and the Sa'l, and drink
from Zamzam. This inarks the completion of Hajj after which the pilgrims start to leave
for their home.

PILLARS OF ISLAM
HAJJ
There are certain acts which are strictly prohibited for the pilgrims to carry out. If there
are done with intention, they can make the Hall as void. For the next three days of Haji,
pilgrims must not smoke, swear, shave, cut their nails, or have sex Fighting and arguments
are banned, and pilgrims are prohibited from hunting or killing anything. Along with this,
they are not allowed to use any scented oil, perfumes, colognes, soaps, and make up. They
are not allowed to perform any marriage ceremony, carry weapons, men are not allowed to
cover their heads, and women are not allowed to cover their face and hands, or wear any
shoes covering ankies. These prohibit ensure that pilgrims are focused on what they are
doing and con centrating on Allah. Throughout the Hall, the pilgrims also offer prayers to
Allah while making their observances.

0. OVERALL NOTES OF ALL COMPONENTS OF HAJJ.

HIGHLIGHTS:
•Hajj is the last pillar of Islam. It is performed in the last month, Dhul Hijja of the Hijri
year •required to perform at any rate it a Muslim is physically fit enough and monetarily
ready to embrace the journey

•There are three ways in which Hall can be performed

•Hajj al-Tamattu involves performing Umrah during the months of Hajj usually a few days
before the Hajj is due to start, before carrying out the rites of Hajj when the pilgrimage
begins
•Hajj al-Qiran means that the pilgrim combines both Hajj and Umrah. Here, the pilgrim
still in the state of Ihram until finish in the whole rituals.

436
•Hajj al-Ifrad the pilgrim declares his intention for Hajj only via chanting "O Allah! I
answer your call to perform Hajj."

•The pilgrim shall perform thram, Tawat, and Sa'i •Meeqats are prescribed places of Ihram
on all the four sides of Makkah
•The 5 places of Miqat for Umrah & Hajj are Al- Juhlah Dhul-Hulaifah, Dhatul-Irg,Qarn-
Al-Manazel Yalumium
• The purpose of stopping at a Meeqat station is specifically to enter the state of ihram
• When entering ihram, it is forbidden that a man ties knots or wear stitched clothing-even
tootwear.
•women might choose to wear a hijab if they wish, their faces must remain exposed
•Men must assume their Ihram at the Meeqat by wearing two pieces of fabric called the
Izar and the Rida.
•The Rida covers the top half of the body, while the lazr covers the lower half
•While in a state of thram, there are some acts that are forbidden to pilgrims including.

•sexual activities
•obscene or immoral speech and committing sinful acts
•cutting their hair and nails or wearing perfume

• getting married or arranging a marriage for someone else

•men wearing anything on their heads, and women covering their faces
•Nlyyah is the intention of performing an act of worship
•. When he finishes his prayer, he should say the Talbiah:
•"Here I am for Umrah, here am, Oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner.
Here am. Surely all praise. prace and dominion is yours, and you have no partner."
•Tawaf is circumambulating the Holy Ka'aba seven times
•After completing the circumambulation seven times, a person should continue to move in
a counterclockwise direction all he reaches to his exit point.
•During this Tawaf it is necessary for a man to do two things
•Al-Idhtebaa means placing the middle of one's Reds under his right arm and the ends of it
over his left shoulder

437
•The other act is of Al-Raml during the first three circuits. Al-Rami means speeding up
one's pace with small steps When he completes seven circuits of Tawat, he approaches
Maqam Ibrahim and recites:
•. "And take ye the station of Abraham as a place of Prayer".
• Tawaf-ul-Qudum is performed when a person arrived at Makkah whether for Hajj,
Umrah, business or a visit
•Tawaf-ul-Ziarah is performed by all pilgrims who are undertaking the Hajj. This Tawaf is
mandatory. Hajj would be invalid

•Tawaf-ul-Umrah is a part of and performed as a ritual of Umrah

•Tawaf-e-Nafila is an optional tawaf but it is better than performing a Nafi Salat
•Tawaf-e-Wida is a farewell Tawaf and performed as a final ritual of Hajj when a pilgrim
leaving Makkah
•Prophet PBUH said: "Let none of you leave Makkah before making a Tawaf around the
Ka'aba, as the last of Haj rites"

•Zamzam is the name of the well that provides the water to billions of people
•Pilgrims pace between these two mountains as part of the rituals of Hajj-called Sa'i
•The men are required to shave their heads or cut their hair on their entire head equally

•The women are required to cut their hair equal to the length of a fingertip
• On day one, pilgrims must circumambulate in a counterclockwise direction, meant to
express the devotion of Muslims praying to one God. PILLARS OF ISLAM
HAJJ
-• Pilgrims then depart for Mind, where they recite prayers and spend the night in the valley
where the Prophet rahim stoned the devil as he tried to lead him astray
•On day two, known as the day of Arafah- Standing and praying on Mount Arafat
• Pilgrims make their way to Muzdalifah to pray and collect pebbles to perform the last
steps of Hajj
•On day three, known as Rami, pilgrims must stone Jamarat Al Aqabah
•pilgrims must throw seven pebbles one after the other while saying Allahu Akbar (God is
greatest) after each throw
•After the stoning. Eid-ul-Adha is celebrated and the pilgrims' sacrificial animal should be
slaughtered

438
• pilgrims tend to stay in Mina to stone the three sites of the devil each day to cement their
intentions and in the hope that Allah will accept their Haji

• The first two days, Dhu Al Hijjah 11th and 12th, are mandatory while the 13th is not.
After that is the final Tawat Al Itadha
takes place.

ANSWER:
Hajj is the last pillar of Islam. It is performed in the last month, Dhul Hijja of the Hijri year.
Hajj is the name of a journey to islamic sacred destinations in and around Makkah, a city
in Saudi Arabia. It is required to perform at any rate if a Muslim is physically fit enough
and monetarily ready to embrace the journey. Each year, millions of Muslims travel from
different part of the world to Makkah to perform Hajj.

There are three ways in which Hajj can be performed. Hajj al-Tamattu involves performing
Umrah during the months of Haj usually a few days before the Hajj is due to start, before
carrying out the rites of Hajj when the pilgrimage begins. Haj al-Qiran means that the
pilgrim combines both Hajj and Umrah. Here, the pilgrim still in the state of Ihram until
finishing the whole rituals. The difference from Al-Tamattu Hajj, is that here the pilgrim
has to perform only one Tawaf and one Sa'i. Also, the pilgrim has to sacrifice an animal,
In Hajj al-Ifrad the pilgrim declares his intention for Hajj only via chanting "0 Allah! I
answer your call to perform Hajj." The pilgrim shall perform Ihram, Tawaf, and Sa'i. The
pilgrim shall be in the state of thram until throwing the embers of Aqaba. Regarding the
ritual of Sa'i, the pilgrim can perform it after Tawaf of Ibadah or delay to the Tawaf in the
tenth day. Also, there is no need for animal sacrifice in that type of Hajj.Meegats are
prescribed places of thram on all the four sides of Makkah, as set for Muslims by Prophet
Mohamined Ibadah or delay to the lawat in the tenth day, Aso, there is no need for The 5
places of Meegat for Umrah & Haj are A Jutilah Dhul-Hulallah, Dhatul-Garn-Al-Manazel
Yelurium The purpose of stopping at a Meedal station le specifically to enter the state of
thra When antering mram, it is forbidden that a man bles knots or wear stitched clothing-
even footwear While women might choose to wear a hijab d they wish their faces must
remain exposed
State of tram unit throwing the Men are to change into their clothing of thram while the
women only need to make their intention at that time in the clothing they are already
wearing. There is no specific clothing designated for women, except that they are
prohibited from wearing the veil and gloves. As for men, they must assume their thram at
the Meeqat by wearing two pieces of fabric called the izar and the Ride. The Rida covers
the top half of the body, while the tzar covers the lower hall. No other clothing is allowed
to be worn in addition to these.

439
While in a state of ihram, there are some acts that are forbidden to pilgrimis. This includes
sexual activities, obscene or immoral speech and committing sinful acts, cutting their hair
and nails or wearing perfume, hunting, wearing gloves, getting married or arranging a
marriage for someone else, men wearing anything on their heads, and women covering
their faces

Niyyah is the intention of performing an act of worship. In any type of Islamic worships
Niyyah is generally done in the heart, not by the tongue. Hajj or Umrah is the only occasion
where Niyyah is uttered aloud. What type of Niyyah one will do depends on the type of
Hajj one plans to perform. It is preferred Niyyah is pronounced after a Salah if possible.
The Prophet Mohammed pronounced his Niyyah after an obligatory Salah. However, if
there is no obligatory Salah imminent to perform before uttering your Hajj Niyyah, in such
situation one may pronounce Niyyah after performing two Raka'at.
"Here I am for Umrah, here I am, Oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner.
Here I am. Surely all praise, grace When he finishes his prayer, he should say the Talbiat
and dominion is yours, and you have no partner.
Tawaf is circumambulation the Holy Ka'bah seven times, which starts from Hajr-e-Aswad
in a counter clockwise direction. Each circumambulation gets to completion when a person
returns back to Hajr-e-Aswad. If possible, a person should approach to touch or kiss Hajr-
e-Aswad, if not; he can just point towards it with his right hand. After completing the
circum ambulation seven times, a person should continue to move in a counter clockwise
direction till he reaches to his exit point. During this Tawaf it is necessary for a man to do
two things. The first is Al-Idhtebaa from the beginning of Tawaf until the end. Al-Idhtebaa
means placing the middle of one's Reda under his right arm and the ends of it over his left
shoulder. When he is finished performing Tawat, he may return his Reda to its original
state because the time for Idhtebaa is only duringPILLARS OF ISLAM HAJJ
TawafThe other act is of Al-Rami during the first three circuits. Al-Rami means speeding
up one's pace with small steps A pilgrim should walk at a normal pace during his last four
circuits. When he completes seven circuits of Tawaf

approaches Maqam Ibrahim and recites: "And take ye the station of Abraham as a place of
Prayer".
Moreover, Tawaf-ul-Qudoom is performed when a person arrived at Makkah whether for
Hajj Umrah, business or a viet is also called a welcome Tawaf. It is Sunnah for Aafaagi for
those who performs Hajj fraad or Hajj Giraan and is not a Sunnah for those who are
performing Hajj Tamattu or Umrah even if they are an Aataaqi. Tawat-ul-Ziarah is
performed by all pilgrims who are undertaking the Hall. This Tawat is mandatory, Hajj
would be invalid, if it is not performed. It can be per formed from the dawn of 10th Zil haj
to 12th Zil Hajj. Tawaf-ul-Umrah is a part of Umrah and performed as a ritual t Umrah. It

440
is obligatory for the one who performs Umrah. Tawat-e-Nafila is an optional tawat but it
is better than performing a Nafl Salat. It can be performed at any time and as desired.
Tawaf-e-Wida is a farewell Tawaf and performed as a final ritual of Hajj when a pilgrim
leaving Makkah. It is Wajib. Prophet PBUH said:
"Let none of you leave Makkah before making a Tawaf
around the Ka'aba, as the last of Hajj rites"
Zamzam is the name of the well that provides the water to billions of people, have thirstily
drunk from throughout history. especially during the Hajj pilgrimage. Zamzam is linked to
some of the most important personalities in world history. The Prophets Ibrahim and Ismail
and Muhammad PBUH as well as Ismail's mother Hajira. All traditions agree that Allah
created the well to provide Hajira, wife of Prophet Ibrahim and her baby Prophet Ismail
with water in the hot, dry valley they wwere in. In her desperate search for water, Hajira
ran seven times back and forth in the scorching heat between the two mills of Safa and
Marwa to provide for her baby who was dying of thirst. Today, this same act is a necessary
rite of Hajj pil grimage for all Muslims to complete.Prophet Ibrahim settled his family there
as part of Allah's mission for him. The first thing Hajira had to do then was to look or water
in the area. She was searching for it while watching at her son and would run whenever she
could not see isman. wah saw her effort and miraculously blessed the spot with a water
spring, at the feet of Prophet Ismail. It is said Allah rdered the Prophet Ibrahim to leave his
wife, Hajira, and son, Ismail, alone in the desert of ancient Makkah. Hajira, cesper ately
searching for water for ismail, ran between two small hills, Al Safa and Al Marwa, seven
times. When she returned to her son, she saw him scratching at the ground and it is said a
miracle from God caused a spring to well up beneath them. Today, pilgrims' pace between
these two mountains as part of the rituals of Hajj in remembrance of that miracle. The site
snow the Well of Zamzam. Upon the completion of the seven circuits, the pilgrim is
required to cut his/her hair. The men are required to shave their heads or cut their hair on
their entire head equally. The women are required to cut their hair equal to the length of a
fingertip. With this last act, the pligrim officially completes their Umrah

On day one, pilgrims begin their Hajj at the Ka'aba. As they approach the Ka'aba, pilgrims
must circumambulate in a coun terclockwise direction, meant to express the devotion of
Muslims praying to one God. They must then perform Sa'i, whereby Muslims re-enact the
journey by Hajira, the Prophet Ibrahim's wife, as she went between two small hills in
Makkah, Al Safa and Al Marwa, looking for water for he, son Ismail. Pilgrims then depart
for Mina, five kilometers away. where they recite prayers and spend the night in the valley
where the Prophet Ibrahim stoned the devil as he tried to lead him astray.
On day two, known as the day of Arafah, is a pivotal day of Hajj. After the Fajr prayer in
Mina, pilgrims make the journey to Mount Arafat, a 70-metre hill believed to be where the
Prophet Mohammed gave his final sermon. Standing and praying on Mount Arafat is

441
considered the peak of the pilgrimage. Descending from Mount Arafat, pilgrims make their
way to Muzdalifah, to the south of Mina, to pray and collect pebbles to perform the last
steps of Hajj. It is recommended to collect 70 pebbles. The stoning of Jamarat Al Aqabah
typically takes place after midnight.On day three, known as Rami, pilgrims must stone
Jamarat Al Aqabah, the place where the devil is said to have appeared before the Prophet
Ibrahim. Here, pilgrims must throw seven pebbles one after the other while saying Allahu
Akbar (God is greatest) after each throw. The act mimics that of the Prophet Ibrahim, who
was told by the angel Gabriel to pelt the devil stones. After the stoning, Eid Al Adha can
be celebrated, and the pilgrims' sacrificial animal should be slaughtered. Then, men should
either shave their heads or cut their hair, and women should cut the length of a fingertip
from their hair. On these days, pilgrims tend to stay in Mina to stone the three sites of the
devil each day to cement their intentions and in the hope that Allah will accept their Hajj.
The first two days, Dhu Al Hijjah 11th and 12th, are mandatory while the 13th is not. After
that is the final Tawaf Al Ifadha takes place.

Before leaving Makkah, shed their white or black robes and don their finest clothes.
Makkah becomes a kaleidoscope of colour as pilgrims perform a final, farewell Tawaf
known as Tawaf Al Itadha where they do circumambulation of the Kaabah one last time.
This step is mandatory, but pilgrims have up until the end of Dhu Al Hijjah to perform it.

PILLARS OF ISLAM

HAJJ
B. DESCRIBE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HAJJ AND UMRAH. [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Haji is a pillar of islam and is compulsory on all those Muslims who are physicality and
financially stable. Umrah is not a pillar of Islam but is recommended for the Muslims to
perform 2. Hajj must be performed in the prescribed time period 1. Za Hap) (8-13m),
Umrah can be performed at any time of the year
3. Fundamental differences between the acts- Hajj involves staying in Mina, performing
the rite of Wugut in the plains of Arafat, staying in Muzdalifah, throwing stones at the
pillars and sacrifice of an animal, Umrah involves only the rites of Tawaf and Sa'i with
Ihram
4. Wuquf Arafat is one of the most important components of Hajj without which it is
deemed vold: there is no Wegut Arafat in Umrah
5 5. in Haji. Talbiah is stopped after the stoning of the devil (Rami: Talbiah is stopped
while starting the Tawal in Umrah

ANSWER:

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The first and foremost difference between them is that Hajj is a pillar of Islam and is
compulsory on all those Muslime who are physically and financially stable. Umrah, on the
other hand, is not a pillar of Islam but is recommended for the Muslims to perform.
Secondly, Hajj must be performed in the prescribed time period ie. Zil Haji (7th-12th).
Umrah, however, can be performed at any time of the year. Thirdly, although Hajj and
Umrah have same acts, however, there are some fundamen tal differences between these
two. Hajj involves staying in Mina, performing the rite of Wuquf in the plains of Arafat,
staying in Muzdalifah, and throwing stones at the pillars on the 10th of Zil Hajj, as well as
sacrifice of an animal on the 10th of Z Hajj. Umrah, however, involves only the rites of
Tawaf and Sa'i with Ihram. Also, Wuquf Arafat is one of the most important components
of Hajj without which it is deemed void. However, there is no Wuqui Arafat in Umrah.
Lastly, in Ha, Taibai stopped on the 10th of Zil Hajj after the stoning of the devil (Rami),
whereas Talbiah is stonped while starting the Tawal in Umrah. The Holy Quran states
regarding Hajj and Umrah:

"Indeed, as-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of

Allah. So whoever makes Hajj tu the House or performs
Umrah-there is no blame upon him for walking between
them. And whoever volunteers good-then indeed, Allah is
appreciative and Knowing." (158)

B. IN WHAT WAYS IS PROPHET IBRAHIM IMPORTANT TO THE ANNUAL

PILGRIMAGE? [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Prophet Ibrahim was told by Allah to build a Ka'aba which was to be the gathering place
for all who wished to streighter their faith in Allah
2. family of Prophet Ibrahim used to live in Ka'aba

3. Hazrat Hajira ran between two hills seven times searching for water for her dying son-
establishing the act of Sa 'i.
4. forth a spring known as the secred well of Zamzam was brought forward

5. Prophet Ibrahim's faith was tested when Allah commanded him to sacrifice his only son
6. Allah sent an animal which was sacrificed in place of Ismail
7. Prophet Ibrahim also rejected the Satan three times when he was taking his son for
sacrifice. Rami .
8. The rites of Hajj are essentially a reenactment of significant events in the life of Prophet
fbrahim and his family

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ANSWER:
The Prophet Ibrahim was told by Allah to build a Ka'aba which was to be the gathering
place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in Allah. The family of Prophet Ibrahim
used to live in Ka'aba where Hazrat Hajira, his wife, ran two hills seven times searching
for water for her dying son, thus, establishing the act of Sal. Allah then brought forth a
spring known as the sacred weil of Zamzam. Moreover, Muslims believe Prophet Ibrahim's
faith was tested when Allah commanded him to sacrifice his only son, Ismail, Prophet
Ibrahim was prepared to submit to the command, but then Allah sent an animal which was
sacrificed in place of Ismail. Prophet Ibrahim also rejected the Satan three times when he
was taking his son for sacrifice; this established the act of Rammi. Hajj places a symbolic
stamp on the close ties of Muslims to the beliefs and practices of Prophet Ibrahim. The rites
of Hajj are essentially a reenactment of significant events in the life of Prophet Ibrahirn
and his family.
PILLARS OF ISLAM HAJJ

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE TO THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY OF ANNUAL

PILGRIMAGE. [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Muslims from all parts of the world come together and show their love for one another
and get to know each other

2.Muslims demonstrate unity in time, place, actions and appearance

3.stand in the different locations of Hajj at the same time, doing the same actions, wearing
the same clothes

4. season of Hajj brings a great deal of good in both spiritual and worldly terms
5. Muslim may benefit by coming together, learning from one another and doing business
6. It is stated in the Holy Quran, "That they may witness things that are of benefit to them"
(22:28)
7. People of all colors, backgrounds, and wealth come together as equals in front of their
creator

8. It creates unity among the Muslims of the world, it fosters brotherhood and love for the
sake of Allah

ANSWER:
During Hajj, Muslims from all parts of the world come together and show their love for
one another and get to know each other. The Muslims demonstrate unity in time, place,
actions and appearance All of them stand in the different locations of Hajj at the saine time,

444
doing the same actions, wearing the same clothes; all with humbleness before Allah. In
addition to this, the season of Hajj brings a great deal of good in both spiritual and worldly
terms, as the Muslims may benefit by coming together, learning from one another and
doing business. It is stated in the Holy Quran, "That they may witness things that are of
benefit to them" (22:28)

Furthermore, Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people anywhere in the world. People
of all colors, backgrounds, and wealth come together as equals in front of their creator.
Everyone wears the same Ihram to signify that no one is better than his Muslim brother.
This creates unity among the Muslims of the world; it fosters brotherhood and love for the
sakes of Allah.
world it fosters brotherhood and love for the sake

B. GIVE REASONS TO SHOW HOW PILGRIMAGE BRINGS AN INDIVIDUAL

MUSLIM CLOSER TO ALLAH. [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Hajj is a kind of jihad for the sake of Allah and carries immense reward for the one who
does in the prescribed manner
2. pilgrim carry out certain activities which includes reciting the Taliyah-here

3. carrying out the ritual of Tawat

4. going between al-Safa and al-Marwah-the act of Sa'i.

5. standing in Arafat
6. staying overnight in Muzdalifah
7. stoning of the Jamrah- the act of Rami

8. The Holy Prophet stated: "Circumambulation of the Ka'bah, going between al-Safa and
al-Marwah and stoninge the Jimaar have only been prescribed to establish the
remembrance of Allah."

9. pilgrim feels that he is standing in the presence of Allah

10. pilgrim endures hardships in the way of Allah and gets trained to make sacrifice for
Him

11. pilgrim leaves his home, his country, his business and his relatives and come to perform
pilgrimage to see pleasure of Allah
12. seeking forgiveness from Allah as the pilgrim rejects evil as well as materialism

445
ANSWER:
Hajj is a kind of jihad for the sake of Allah and carries immense reward for the one who
does it in the prescribed manner. It is exhibited through the fact that individual continuously
remember Allah during Hajj, He is respected all the time when the pilgrim carry out certain
activities which includes reciting the Taliyah, carrying out the ritual of Tawat, going
between al-Safa and al-Marwah, standing in Arafat, staying overnight in Muzdalifah and
stoning of the Jamrah. The pilgrim feels that he is standing in the presence of Allah and
recites Talbiah which is here I am at your service. Moreover, the pilgrim endures hardships
in the way of Allah and gets trained to make sacrifice for Him. This sacrificing is done
when the pilgrim leaves his home, his country, his business and his relatives and come to
perform pilgrimage to seek the pleasure of Allah Further to this, pilgrimage is the source
of seeking forgiveness from Allah as he rejects evil as weil as materialism. The Holy
Prophets stated: "Circumambulation of the Ka'bah, going between al-Safa and al-Marwah
and stoning the Jimaar have only been prescribed to establish the remembrance of Allah."

A pilgrim believes that when he fulfills one of the pillars of islam, he has moved closer to
Allah and has had all their sins forgiven. This is an experience that is to change a Muslim
for the better.

STRUGGLE IN THE WAY OF ALLAH

JIHAD
Jihad becomes absolutely obligatory when not only the ideology and beliefs, but also the
property and life of a Muslim are r threat. Under such circumstances, Allah clearly allows
a Muslim to engage in armed fight for the sake of self-de e. The Holy Quran says,

"Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits." (2:90)
Secondly, it is obligatory to engage in Jihad to fight against evil and injustice it a Muslim
sees an injustice being done. If ey are capable of stopping it but does not do anything, it is
considered a sin. This can include war on drugs, war on child abor, and also war against
terror and protecting the freedom of Muslims to practice their faith. Lastly, if there are any
proken treaties made by the enemy, then Jihad is considered necessary for the cause. The
holy Quran says.
-"But if they break their oath after their covenant
(agreement) and taunt you for your faith: that thus they may
be restrained." (9:12)

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A. WRITE A DESCRIPTION OF THE MUSLIM TEACHINGS ABOUT JIHAD?
[10]IPTION OF THE MUSLIM TEACHINGS ABOUT JIHAD? (101

HIGHLIGHTS:
•In literal terms Jihad means to struggle or exert oneself to achieve a particuler got struggle
in the way of Allah to achieve and estabilan righteousness and stun evil.

•Jihad bin Nats (jihad by the self) is the greater jihad in which a Muslim fights against his
et me desires and oper obey Allah and become a better Muslim. It lasts a lifetime and
affects every aspect of the Prophet to waters Madina after a battle that they had returned
from the lesser jihad fof warfare) to the greater had of struge wind 50 one's own heart, l.e.
desires that lead to wrong doings.
•Jihad bil Lisan (jihad of the tongue) is speaking and upholding the truth, speaking out
spain was a wrong and immoral, and spreading the word of Allah and the teachings of
Islam. The Prophet Muhammad said: "The best had in the path of Allah is a word of justice
to an oppressive ruler". Jihad bil Yad (jihad by the hand) refers to choosing to do what is
right and to combat injustice and what is wrong with
his hand".
(Jihad by maal) is spending wealth in the way of Allah e.g. to improve the social conditions
of people around, to help the weak and needy. Quran says,
"Strive hard in Allah's way with your person and property."

(Sura As-Saff)
•Jihad bis Salf (Jihad by the sword) referring to Oital Fi Sabilillah (armed conflict in the
way of Allah) is the most common usage- a term that has been exploited and misused as
'holy war'. It must be fought only as a last resort when all other options are explored and
exhausted.
•.There is injustice, oppression and the very existence of Islam and Muslims is threatened,
and one's faith is at stake. had becomes obligatory on Muslims: "And why should you not
fight in the cause of Allah and of those who being weak, are ill-treated men, women and
children, whose cry is: 'Our Lord! Rescue us from this town, whose people are oppressors;
and raise for us from us from thee one who will help! (An-Nisa, 4:75)
•According to the Qur'an, if the enemy ceased hostilities and sought peace, Muslims were
to seek peace as well: "If your enemy inclines towards peace, then you should seek peace
and trust in Allah'. (8:61) In Sura Baqarah (2:216-217)

447
•Allah says that even though warfare is prohibited in the sacred months, yet Muslims may
fight if the circumstances require them to do so. Qital is done to remove hindrances in the
propagation of Islam and never impose Islam on non-believers as Qur'an say
"Let there be no compulsion in Religion".
•Prophet laid down various rules for Oital e.g. Muslims were instructed to fight in self-
defense and not to be the ones to initiate fighting.
Jihad must be in the name of Allah and according to His will.Allah and according to His
will.

ANSWER:
Jihad refers to struggle or strive but can be referred to internal external efforts to be a good
Muslim and working to inform the people about Islam as a faith. Muslims believe that jihad
also refers to the struggle to defend islam. Jihan takes a very important status in the doctrine
of Islam; it is one of the basic duties for every Muslim. Allah said:
"...take not life, which God hath made sacred, except by way
of justice and law: thus doth He command you, that ye may
learn wisdom." (6:151)
Jihad can take many forms. It can take the form of verbal jihad, which means to offer advice
to those who need it or had with strength and service, as in performing community service
for the less fortunate. Hence, armed jihad is just one of many forms of jihad in Islam and
not the only one. To explain further, there are five basic forms of jihad namely Jihad bil
Nafs, Jihad bil Lisa an, Jihad bil Qalam, Jihad bil Yad, and lastly Jihad bil Saif.

STRUGGLE IN THE WAY OF ALLAH JIHAD

Jahad bil Nats actually refers to as greater jihad which demonstrates the inner struggle of a
Muslim against wonings The Muslim struggles to refrain oneself from the all whispers of
Satan, curbing one's inadequacy and base tenh By doing this, the believer strive to earn
Allah's pleasure. Moreover, Jihad bil Lisaan is the act of defending islam and spreading
information through lectures, speeches, and debates Next to it is Jihad bil Quiam refers to
the research of islam in order to understand the concepts, spread Islam, defend islam, or
even write articles regarding the actual truth of m to eliminate misconceptions
Another type is Jihad bil Yad, stated as jihad of action rather than words. It may overlap
with almsgiving and performing type is Jihad bil Salf which includes use of arms and
ammunition and engage in a combat. in this Jihad, there is a concept of Oital, which allows
the believer to fight in self-defense. If a believer realizes that they are under threat; whether
they are not allowed to practice their religion, then defensive action is allowed to be taken.
However, if the threat involves violence and aggression against Muslim community, then

448
istam allows reacting and fighting back. The Holy Quran states, "O Prophet! Jahidi (do
jihad) against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh to them; and their abode is
hell, an evil destination." (9.73)
There are certain reasons under which Jihad bil Saif is deemed necessary such as self-
defense, fighting against evil and broken treaties. First of all, Jihad becomes absolutely
obligatory when not only the ideology and beliefs, but also te property and life of a Muslim
are under threat. Under such circumstances, Allah clearly allows a Muslim to engage in
armed fight for the sake of self-defense. The Holy Quran says, "Fight in the cause of Allah
those who fight you, but do not transgress limits." (2:90)
Secondly, it is obligatory to engage in Jihad to fight against evil and injustice if a Muslim
sees an injustice being done. It they are capable of stopping it but does not do anything, it
is considered a sin. This can include war on drugs, war on child labor, and also war against
terror and protecting the freedom of Muslims to practice their faith. Lastly, if there are any
broken treaties made by the enemy, then Jihad is considered necessary for the cause.

Moreover, there are certain limitations when it comes to performing jihad that is highly
necessary for Muslims to know. Firstly, innocent civilian people must not be under attack
by Muslims. In other words, Islam protects the life of innocent people. Secondly, war
cannot be waged without a valid reason. There should be oppression or an attack upon the
Muslim country to wage a war. Thirdly, prisoner of wars should be treated kindly; they
should eat, drink, and dress the same way as Muslims. Fourthly, asylum should be granted
to surrendering enemy soldiers. The dead soldiers should not be mutilated and disfigured.
Lastly, no animal whose meat can be eaten should be killed.

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM REFERENCE

REFERENCE:
•"I bear witness that there is no god except Allah, who is One, who has no partners, and
bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and, I bear witness that Muhammad is his
servant and apostle"
•"The do we worship and thine aid we seek (1:5) "Serve Allah and jon not any partnere
with Him." (4:36)
•"...He said O my people! Allah! You have no other pod but Him... (7: 54,73, 85)
•Not a messenger did We send before without this inspiration sent by Us to him; that there
is no god but I therefore, worship and serve the (21:25)
•I" (Allah) created bumankind only that they might worship Me." (51:56)
•Allah says. There is nothing whatever like onto Him and He is the one that hears and sees
(all things)." (42:11)

449
•"Mohammad is not the father of any of your men but the is) the Apostle of Allah and the
Seal of the Prophets." (33:40)

•"Say, (O Muhammad) if you do love Allah follow me, Allah will love you and forgive
your sins for Allah is Oft-forgiving Most Merciful." (3:31)

SALAT (PRAYER)
•When you have performed the are enjoined on believers, at ang ating down, or lying down
on your sides: but when you are free, from danger, set reguar prayers for such prayers are
enjoined on believers at stated times." (4: 103)

"O you who believe when you prepare for prayer, wash your faces and hands to the elbows;
rub your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles."
•Trun then your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque: wherever you are, turn your
faces in that direction." (2. 143)
•What stands between a man and disbelief is the aba6dcinment of Salat (Muslim)
"The first thing which a person shall be called, to account for the Day of Judgement is
Salat." (Tirmizi)
•The Quran says.
"Establish regular prayers-at the Sun's decline till the darkness of the night and pray in the
small watches of the morning" (17: 78-79)
Prophet (SAW) said:

"Prayer has been made a coolness for my eye."

AND
•He was gives up prayer has indeed disbelieved. (Tirmizi) Quran says:

•"So woe to the worshippers who are neglectful of their prayers." (107: 4-568
• Prophet (SAW) said
•"Tau should worship Allah, as if you see Him, if you do not see Him. He Rudy sees you."
(Muslim)
•"Thee do we worship and their aid 'we seek. Show us the straight way." (1:5:6)
•Quran say:

•"Establish regular prayer for prayer restrains from shameful and unjust deeds. (29:45)

450
•"Those who believe in the Unseen, are steadfast in prayer and spend out of what We have
provided for them." (2:3)

•"Tell me, if there is a stream at the door of one of you in which he washes himself five
times a Not, he added. "This is the likeness of the five prayers with which Allah washes
away all faults. "(Bukhari, Muslim)

• "Purification is the key to prayer. "(Ahmad)

•"Surely Allah does not accent prayers without purification, "(Muslim)
•"Purification is the key to prayer. "Ahmad)

"Surely Allah does not accept prayers without purification. "(Muslim)

•"if you are ill or on a journey And ye find us water, then take for yourselves clean sand or
earth and rub there with your faces and hands. Allah not wish to place you in a difficulty,
but to make you clean...." (56)
•"Intend to make tayammum with the object of removing impurity and acquiring purity."
•"O you who believe! Do not approach prayers in the state of ceremonial impurity (accept
when traveling on the road) until after washing your whe Dody" (4:43)
•"when we travel through the earth, there is no blame on your if you shorten your prayers"
(4:101)

A companion said:" the prophet stayed during some of his journeys for nineteen days and
he prayed only two Rakat. If we stayed in a place for nine days, we would not pray the
complete salat. However, if we stayed longer than that, we would perform the whole salat."
(Bukhari)-Casr.
•"O we who believe! When the call is proclaimed to prayer on. Friday (the day of assembly)
hasten earnestly to the remembrance of Allah and leave business (and traffic) that is best
for you if ye but knew! And when the prayer is finished, the may ye disperse through and
seek of the bounty Allah..."(62:9,10)-Friday Prayer

"On every Friday the angels take their stand at every gate of the mosques to write the names
of the people chronologically (e) awarding to the time of their arrival for the Friday prayer
and when the Imam sits on the pulpit) they told up their scrolls and get ready to listen to
the sermon (Bukhari ) friday prayer.
•"Al-Jummah is a duty of upon every Muslim in the community, save for, a slave, or a
women, or a child, or a person who is II (Abu Daud

•"two or more constitute a congregation" ibn Majah)

451
•"There is no negligence when one is asleep, but forgetfulness occur when one is awake.
If one of you forgets the prayer or sleeps through its the he should perform the Salah when
he recalls it (Figh Sunnan)
•"there is no explation for prayer except prayer itself." (Sahih Bukhari)-Gada
"•the messenger of Allah combined the Zuhr and Asr prayers and then the Maghrib and
isha prayers in Madinah without there being any dangero (Muslim)
When Abbas was asked "what did he desire by that action?" He replied, "He did not want
any hardship for his ummah." (Muslim) Salat-ul-Jama'a

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM REFERENCE

other References:
•The head of the matter is Islam, its pillar is prayer, and the top of its hump is jihad in the
way of Allah." (Agreed)
•the first act that the slave will be accountable for on the day of judgment will be the prayer,
if it is good, then the rest of his acts will be good. And it evil, then the rest of his acts will
be evil."
•Prophet (SAW) at the time of His death said: "prayer, prayer and what your right hand
possesses" (Ahmad, Abu Daud)

•"Lo! Worship preserves love) from lewdness and iniquity but verily remembrance of Allah
is more important." (Al-Ankabuti

•Prophet (SAW) said: "the part between us and them is prayer. Whoever, abandons it is a
disbeliever."(Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Tirmzi, An Nas'a and ibn Majah)
•"Order your children to pray when they reach the age of seven. Beat them (if they don't
pray) when they reach the age of ten."(Abu Daud) •prayer at fixed hours been enjoyed upon
the believers." (An Nisa 4:103)
•Successful indeed are the believers who are humble in their prayers. (Al Momin 23:1)

•Again Allah says, "And who pays heed to their prayers. These are the heirs who will
inherit Paradise. These will they abide." (Al-Muminun 23:9)
•"Prayer in congregation is better than the prayer of a man by himself by twenty-seven
times." (Agreed)
Festing (Saum)
•"Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you
may restrain against sins." (Al-Baqarah 2:183)

452
•"Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent down the Quran as a guide to mankind also
clear (signs) for guidance and judgment between right and wrong). So, every one of you
who is present (at his home) during this mantis should spend it in fasting." (Al-Baqarah 2:
185)
Prophet (SAW) said, "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions Allah is
not in need of his leaving his food and drink." (Sahih Bukhari
"•"O you who bellevel fasting is prescribed to you... that you may (learn) self-restraint."
(Al-Baqarah 2: 185)

•"Prophet (SAW) said, "Allah said, All the deeds of Adam's sons (people) are for them,
except fasting which is for Me, and will give the reward for it. The eward of good deeds is
Multiplied ten times to seven hundred times."
•"Fasting is a shield and protection from the fire and from committing sins."
•"By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the unpleasant smell coming out from the mouth of
a tasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk
•There are twe pleasures for the fasting person, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the
other at the when he will Meet his: Lord, then he will be pleased because of his fasting"
(Agreed).

"Whoever established prayer on the night. of bath- out of sincere faith and hoping for a
reward kohl Allah, then all his previous. sins will be forgiven, and shoever fasts in the
month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping for a reward from Allah, then 'all hit
previous sins will be forgiven." (Sahih Bukhari)
When the month of Ramadan Starts: the gates of heaven are opened and the gates of are
closed and the devils are chained." (Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah)
"•During Ramadan, the provisions of the believers are increased. (Mishkat)
For those who can do it (with hardship) is a ransom the feeding of one that is indigent. But
he that will give more of his own free will it is better for him." Al-Baqarah 2: 184)
•"Do not tast unless you see the crescent (of Ramadan), and do hot give up fasting till you
see the crescent (of Shawwal), but if the sky is overcast of your cannot see it), then act on
estimation count Shaban as 30 days)." (Agreed)
•"Take sehri as there is a blessing in it. (Bukhari, Muslim)And eat and drink "Until the
White thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black thread, then complete your fast
till night ci3Peers:"(Al Baqarah2:187)
•"Intend to keep tomorrow's' fast 'of Ramadan."

453
•Prophet (SAW) said: "If One of you is fasting, he should avoid quarreling and if somebody
should fight or quarrel with him, he should say ia m fasting".(agreed)

• Prophet (SAW) said The Allah Almighty said The dearest of my Servants, in my sight
are quickest breaking of the fast." (Tirmizi)
•Prophet (SAW) said, "If one of is fasting, he should break his fast with dates. If dates are
not available, then with water, for water is purifying".(Ahmed tirmdhi).
•"O Allah! I have observed the Fast for your sake and believe in you, and put my trust in
you and broken it with the provision you have best Wed me with(Abu Daud).

•"Prophet (SAW) said "A person who abandon one fast of Ramadan without a genuine
reason of illness cannot recompense even if he test throughout the rest of hit life4
(Ahmed,Tirmidhi).

•"But if anyone is ill or on a journey the prescribed period (should be made up) by days
later." (Al-Baqarah 2-185)
• Prophet (SAW) said, "Whoever fasts during the month of Ramadan and then follows it
with six days of Shawwal will be rewarded as if he had fasted entire year." (Muslim)
•"Prophet (SAW) said: "Whoever prays during the nights of Ramadan (Tarawih) with a
firm belief and hoping for reward, all of his previous sins would be forgiven." (Bukhari)

•"Anas reported that the Apostle of Allah used to seclude himself in the last ten (nights) of
Ramadan and he did not isolate himself for one year, when the follwing year came to pass,
he isolated himself for twenty nights. Itiqaf(Tirmidhi, Abu Daud).
•"Take Sadaqah (charity) from their property in order to purity and sanctify them." (Al,
Taubah:9: 103) .
•"By no meant, shall you attain righteousness unless you give (freely), of that, which you
love, and whatever you give of truth Allah knows it well"(A141M ran:3:92)
•"The parable of those who spend their substance in the Way of Allah is that of a grain of
com, it grows seven cars and each has a hundred grains. Baqarah 2: 261) FIVE PILLARS
OF ISLAM REFERENCE
•"Prophet (SAW) said "Every day two angels come down from Heaven and one of there
says, O Allah! Compensate every person who spends is your cause and the other (angel)
says. "O Allah! "Destroy every miter! (Agreed)
•"And: there are those who, buy gold and silver and spend it not in the way, Allah,
Announce unto them a most grievous penalty. (Al-Taubah 9:34-35)

454
•" Prophet (SAW) Said; Any owner of gold and silver who does not delver from their right,
on the Day of Qayaman (Day of Judgement),and s the( gold and silver ) to will be shaped
fats fire. Then it will be heated in the fire of Hell; (and, then with it he will be ironed on
his side, his forehead, and his back .(Muslim)
•Prophet (SAW) said, Save yourself from Hell-fire even by giving half a date fruit in
charity" (Sahih Bukhari).
•"He also said: one give a date bought from honestly earned money (and Allah accepts only
good). Allah accepts it in His right hand and enlarg Its rewards) for its owner (as one rears
his foal until it becomes as big as mountain ."(Bukhari).
• "Prophet (SAW)said. "Nothing is more delighting to me then. This that Uhad Should be
of gold for me, and no dinar is left with me out of it before three nights pass except a dinar
which I would set aside for the repayment of debt upon me." (Bukhari)
•"He also said; The best charity is that Which is practiced by a wealthy person And start
giving your dependent's. (Bukhari).
•"Abu Bakr reported: "the Messenger, of Allah said, to me; Spend, and do not calculate,
or otherwise Allah would also calculate in your case. (Shahi Bukhari).
•"But that which you layout for charity seeking the countenance of Allah (will, increase),
it is these who will get recompence (Ar-Rum 30:30)
•"Prophet (SAW) said "Charity that is concealed appears the wrath of Allah, (Tirmidhi)

• Prophet (SAW) Said. "11 anyone if you is a guardian of An orphan who owns a property,
he must trade With (invest) it and into leave, it Sadaqa ( or zakat) consume it (Tirmidh).
•"Prophet (SAW) said on a land irrigated by rain. Water or by nature water channels or it
the Land is wet due to a nearby water channel, Usher (i.e one teeth) is compulsory (as
Zakat), and on the land irrigated by the well half of an Oshere (i.e. one twentieth) is
compulsory (as Zakat on the yield of the land (Sahih Bukhar ).
•"Alms are for the poor and the needy and those employed to adminster the funds for those
whose hearts have been recently reconciled to the truth for those in bondage and In dust in
cause of Allah and for the welfare:"(19: 60)

•"Have you observed him who religion? That is he who repets the orphan and does urge
the feeding of the needy. (Al-Maut 107 :1-3)
• The likeness of these who Spend their wealth in search of Allah's pleasurs, and for the
strengthening of their Souls, is as the likeness of a garden at a height. The rainstorm smiles
and it brings forth its fruit two-fold Allah sees Well what you do.(Al-Baqarah 2: 265)

455
• Prophet (SAW) said; it should be collected from the well-to-do and distributed to the
poor".

• "Prophet (SAW) Allah has onjoined Zakat upon you to that the rest of your wealth is
cleansed through it."
•"And be steadfast in prayer and regular in charity.... (2:110)

•"... And establish regular prayer and give regular charty (73:20)
•"Who believe in the Unseen, are stedfast in prayer and spend of what We have provided
for them" age there to is a duty man owe to Allah, those who can afford the journey."(A
Imran)
•"Prophet (SAW) said, "He, who is not prevented from performing the pilgrimage by an
obvious necesalty, a tyrannical ruler, or a disease which confines him at home, and dies
without having performed, the pilgrimage, may die if he wishes a Jew or Christian Prophet
(SAW) said: "Those who perform the pilgrimage and those who perform Umrah and people
who come to visit God. If they supplirate him ,he will respond to them, and it they ask Him
for forgiveness, He will be forgiving them." (Ibn Majah)
•"Allah says, "It is no crime in you if you seek of the bounty of your Lord (during
pilgrimage) (Al-Baqarah 2: 198)

•" Prophet (SAW) said: One Umrah is an expiation for the sins committed between it and
another, and another Umrah, and an accepted pilgrimage has no reward except Paradise"

(Agreed)
•"Prophet (SAw) said. "The person who came on pilgrimage to the House 18h, 1", neither
commited of an indecent ...act, nor indulged in any disobedienced return home as cure of
sin as he was on. The day his mother bore him." (Agreed)
•"Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men own to Allah those who can afford the journey." (Al-
Imran 3:97)

•"And take a proven with you for the journey." (Al Baqarah 2: 197)
•"Allah says, "The first House of worship appointed for men was that at Bakke Makkah)
full of blessing and guidance for all.'( Al-imran:396)

•"Allah says, "And proclaim the Piligrmage among men they will come to you on foot and
mounted on every kind of camel lean on account of journies through deep and distant
mountain highways," (Al Hajj 22: 27)

•"Prophet (SAW) said, Jibreel came to me to convey Allah's message that I should
command my followers to pronounce Talbiah in a loud voice muwatta."(Trimdhi).

456
•"Then let them complete the rites prescribed for them perform their vows and again)
circumambulate the Ancient House." (Al-Hajj 22:29)

"•Prophet (SAW) said: "Every day Allah descends a hundred and twenty folds of His mercy
to His slaves who perform Hajj ( His House) Sixty fold of these are specified for people
performing Tawaf, forty-fold for those who pray there, and twenty for those who look at
the Ka'bah." Muatta)
•"Prophet (SAW) said: "Tawaf of the House, is like prayer, except that you speak while
performing it, but he who speaks must speak only what is good."(niesel Dairimi).

•"Allah, says, "Remember We made the House a plate of assembly for men and a place of
safety and take you the station of Abraham as 's place of prayer."(Al Baqarah).
•"Prophet (SAW) said: "Hajj is halting at Arafah" (Tirmidhi)

•"Allah says. "Then when you pour down from (Mount) Arafat celebrate the praises of
Allah at the Sacred Monument and celebrate His praises as lie has this directed you even
though before this you went astray." (Al-Baqarah 2: 198)
•"And complete the Hajj or Umrah in the service of Allah (Al-Baqarah 2: 196)
•"Allah says, "Then let them complete the rites prescribed for them, perform their vows
and (again) circumambulate the Ancient House (Al-Haj 22 :29)

Remember Abraham said, "O my Lord! Make this city one of peace and security and
preserve me and my sons from worshipping idols (ibrahim 14:35). FIVE PILLARS OF
ISLAM REFERENCE
•"Prophet-(SAW) said, "There is a garden from the gardens of Paradise between my house
and my pulpit, and my pupit in on my Lane Fount Kauthar)."
•" Prophet (SAW) said: "There are angels over the mountain roads of Madinah, neither
epidemic nor Dajjal shall enter there " (Agreed )
•Prophet (SAW) said: "Madinah is the dome of Islam, the abode of faith, the land of
migration, and the dwelling place of what is lawful and unlawful."(Tabarani).
MOSQUE:
•"Allah says "wherever you turn there is face of God "(Al-Baqarah 2:15)

•"Prophet (SAW) said ,when some one of you enters the mosque let him recite, "O Allah!
Open for me the door of your mercy, and when he comes out let him say,O Allah! verify I
beg you,of your abundance."( Shahi muslim)

•" Prophet (SAW) said;who so bulids mosque for Allah ,Allah will build n abode for him
in paradise ."( Agreed)

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Dua (invocation)
•"Allah says, And He gives you of all that you ask for." (Ibrahim 14:34)

•"Prophet (SAW) said, "Nothing, dearer to Allah than one's supplication to Him."
(Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah)
•"Prophet (SAW) said, "Nothing can avert the decree of Allah except supplication, and
nothing increases te except virtuous deeds: (Tirmidhi)
•"Prophet (SAW) said Your Lord is the Ever living, the generous. He is ashamed to turn
away he hands of His servants when they raise them up before Him." (Tirmidhi, Abu.
Daud) •"Abdullah bin Masud reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, loved to repeat
his supplication three times, and pray for forgiveness three times".(Abu Daud).
Eid (Muslims festival)

•"Anas reports: "The Prophet (SAW) would not go out on the festival of breaking the fast
until he had eaten an odd number of dates."( Shahi Bukhari, Ahmad)
•"Prophet (SAW) said the days of. Tashriq (.e. the days in which the 'Eld is celebrated) are
days of eating and drinking non-alcoholic drinks and, of remembring Allah ,the
exalted."(Ahmed and muslim).
•"Prophet (SAW)., said the one who can afford to offer sacrifice but does not, let not him,
stand with us in prayers":

ARTICLES OF FAITH TAUHID

OUTLINE MUSLIM TEACHINGS ABOUT THE BELIEF IN THE ONENESS OF

GOD (TAUHID).
HIGHLIGHTS:
•c"tauhid is the first and the main principle of tetam allah is the Only Creator and Sustainer
of the universe.
•He is Ever Living without a beginning or an end (the first and the last)

•He is Independent while others are dependent on Him for their survival is the source and
support of all life
•Heis the only one worthy of worship.

•Surah Ikhlas proclaims this in the most comprehensive way:

"Say He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal. He does not beget nor is He begotten, and
there is none like Him."(12:1-4).

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•according to the leading scholars of Islam, there are three aspects of Tauhid: •tauhid-Ar-
Rabubiya (Oneness of Lordship of Allah)

•Tauhid-Al-Auluhiya (Oneness in the worship of Allah )

•Tauhld-Ar-Rabubiya (Oneness of Lordship of Allah) re mifers to the belief that Allah is
Self-Existent, He is the creator and sustainer of universe " (39:62)

•"Allah is the creator and guardian of all the things.(39:62),Allah is omnipotent,the law
giver and the judge gym e

ANSWER
•declaration that "there is no one worthy of worship except One God (Allah)' is the essence
of Islam. It was that God no partner, He exists by Himself. This is a fundamental doctrine
encompassing the oneness of God in every sense of expression. Nothing can rival Him as
a source of power or love. He is not an abstract concept me most fundamental teaching of
islam is to believe in the Oneness of Allah, in the sense of being the only Creator, Pre
erver, Nourisher, etc. It is the foundation of the faith; therefore, it is termed as Tauhid.
Many of the idolaters knew and
elieved that only the Supreme God could do all this and yet they associated other gods with
Him. Therefore, one must acknowledge the fact that it is Allah alone who deserves to be
worshipped, and thus abstain from worshipping any other ning or being. No one has any
share in His ownership or authority. The Holy Quran says: Allah Is The Creator of all the
things, and He is the Guardian and Disposer of all affairs. To him belong the keys of the
heaven and the earth." (Az-Zumar 39:62-63)
Likewise, Muslims believe that God has no father or mother, no son or daughter. None is
equal to Him. He is God of mankind, not of a special tribe or race. He is the first and the
Last. The Quran, the holy book of Islam, reminds us of the falsity of all alleged gods. It
says:
"He is the First and the Last, the Evident, and the Immanent." (Hadid 57:3)

ARTICLES OF FAITH TAUHID

Allah is independent while others are dependent on Him for their survival. He sustains
everything and everyone. All creation stands in need of Allah and relies on him completely
as He is thesource and constant support of all forggms of life. Moreover, Allah's life is
perfect; He is free from any wants or needs; He does not need any sleep or rest. About this,
the Holy Quran says:
"No slumber can seize Hgtim nor sleep." (Al Baqarah 2:2gr55)

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Allah is the only one worthy of all praises and worship. Allah is the sole divine delty, who
does not share his divinity with other partners. Not only this, Allah is Omnipotent and has
power over everything in this universe. He says: "Be and it becomes. If Allah touches you
with affliction none can remove it but He; if He touches you with happiness,
He has power over all things." (Al-An'am 6:17)

There are three traditional categories of Tauhid namely, the Oneness of Lordship or
Tauhid-Ar-Rabubiya, the Oneness of Worship or Tauhid-al-Auluhiya, and the Oneness of
Allah's Names or Tauhid-al-Asma-wa-Sifat. These categories overlap but Muslims to
understand and purify their faith and worship.
The oneness of Allah states there is only One Lord for the entire universe that is, without
doubt, Allah. He is the Creator, the organizer, the Supreme Planner, the Sustainer, the
Lawgiver, the Designer, and the Giver of the security along with other attributes. In
addition to that, He is neither the father nor the son of anyone. Allah is the only one who
created and main tains all things. Allah is not in need of help or assistance over creation.
Allah says:
"Say, He is Allah the One and Only, Allah the Eternal Absolute. He begets not nor is He
begotten." (Ikhlas 112:3)Moreover, because Anah is the sole creator and maintainer of the
universe, its 10 Allah stone that Muslim direct their worship, Islam teaches that the only
being worthy of worship is Allah Allah alone is worthy of prayers, prie, obedience, and
hope. It is a Muslim's primary duty to worship none but Allah Muslims have engaged in
prayer, fasting, supplication, and even animal sacrificing for the love of Alah no one has
the right to be worshipped but Allah, we swear by His name and only to him The Holy
Quran says:
"You so we worship and your aid we seek." (Al Fatiha 1:5)
Furthermore, the Holy Quran is filled with descriptions of Allah's nature, often through,
attributes and special names. The Merciful, the All Seeing the Magnificent, etc. are all
names which describe Allah'a nature. Allah is seen as distinct from his creation. Muslims
believe that one may strive to understand and emulate certain values, but Allah alone has
these attrib utes perfectly, in full, and in their entirety. Muslims should believe in divine
attributes of Allah these qualities are only inherent in Allah and this belief is integral part
of the faith. They must believe in all the attributes of Allan which He has stated in His
Book or mentioned through His messenger, Holy Prophet without changing their meaning.
The Quran states clearly:
"And there is none like unto Him." (Akhlas 1125)

Muslims are unable to describe Allah; however, the existence of Allah can be realized
through His manifestations and through his attributes as told by His messenger

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Understanding Tauhid is the key to understanding Islam and the funda mentals of a
Muslim's falth. Setting up any partners alongside Allah is the one unforgivable sin in islam.

PARTICLES OF FAITH ANGELS

DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE MUSLIMS BELIEF IN ANGELS. [10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
•Belief in angels is an article of Islamic faith
•The non-believers considered angels to be deities and Allah's daughters,
•This article of faith purifies the belief in the unity of Allah.

•Angels have been created from light and are not visible to ordinary mortals.
•They belong to the category of the unseen unless they appear in human form.
Allah describes their entire submission to Him in the following words: '
"Those who are near to you Lord disdain not to do Him worship: They celebrate His praises
and bow down before him." (Al-A'raf 7:206)
•The Angels are also called messengers in the Holy Book as they conveyed the Divine
message of Allah to the Prophets The Angels were also appointed duties in the human
form; they appeared before Prophet Ibrahim to give him the glad things of a son.
•Mariam was also blessed with the news of a son by an Angel Jibreel.

•They have no knowledge except that what Allah has taught them.
•They prostrated before Adam when Allah commanded them to do so. Ingels glorify and
praise Allah and never get tired.
•The name of the angel in charge of Paradise is Rizwan while Malik is in charge of Hell.
There are many Angels m-an-katibeen i.e. angels on our shoulders having records of our
good and bad deeds.
•There are also Munkar and Nakeer, they go to the graves of the newly dead to ask them
questions Besides, there are angels having various assignments with them:

•Angel Jibreel, who brought revelations from Allah to the Prophets including Prophet
Muhammad (SAW).
•Angel Izrael, the angel of death. He is responsible for taking our souls upon death •Angel
Israfeel, who will blow the trumpet at the time of the end of the world, ie on the Day of
Judgment .
•Angel Mikael, who is responsible for rainfall and distribution of rain.

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ANSWER:
Angels are the special creatures who are mentioned in the Guran as fahhful servants can
they are made of Bght ar their sole purpose is to worship and admire Him. In the era of
ignorance, the Arabis used to believe that they were the ughters of Allah. Also, in other
religions too, angels were believed to be partners of Aliah, however, Allah has clearly
clared that angels are His creation like all other creations.
Belief in angels is second article of faith which every devout Musim acknowledges as
belief in them is a crucial part of slim's faith. The nature of angels in Islam is very different
from that of human. They are actually a link between a man Allah. They are believed to be
divine messengers between Allah and humankind and are seen as figures that can assist
communicating with Allah. Regarding this, Allah has said:

"Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His Angels and apostles

to Gabriel and Michael Lol Allah is an enemy to those who
reject." (Baqarah 2:98)
They are naturally obedient creatures, worshipping Allah and carrying out His commands.
Moreover, they as genderless nd do not require sleep, food, or drink; they have no free
choice, so it is just not in their nature to disobey like human angs. Furthermore, Allah has
entrusted angels with specific functions which they always follow without any comation
though they do not possess free will, however, they are bestowed with the necessary
qualities and power which allows em to carry out their duties and obligations towards
Allah. They are involved in carrying out responsibil in both the teen and physical worlds.
The angels are always involved in praising Allah and prostrating Hilm; engaged in worship
and enerating Him and singing His praises. Allah says: Those who are near to you Lord
disdain not to do Him worship: They celebrate His praises and bow down before Him."
(Al-A'raf 7:206)
Furthermore, angels have the responsibility to strengthen the hearts of righteous believers.
This is clearly confirmed during the Battle of Badr when thousands of angels descended
from heaven in order to help the believers and attack the Jewish Tribes of Banu Qaynuqa
and Banu Qurayzah. The angels are there to cast terror into the hearts of the nonbelievers,
asking for the forgiveness of believers and send them blessings of Allah. Moreover, angels
may be regarded as the divine messen gers of Allah; however, they cannot descend to earth
without the permission of Allah. With respect to this, the Quran says:
"Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah's
permission on every errand." (Al-Qadr 97:4)

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ARTICLES OF FAITH ANGELS
As unseen made from light, angels have no specific bodily shape but rather can take on a
variety of forms They are heavenly beings who are not visible to the ordinary mortals; in
fact, they belong to category of unseen. Although, the Quran does mention that angels have
wings, but Muslims don't speculate on what exactly they look like. Also, they do not eat or
drink; they are characterized by neither feminine nor masculine attributes, and they never
tire. Some spend their entire existence in Ruku and others in Sujood.
Angels are honourable slaves of Allah; they obey Him and execute His commands. This is
demonstrated by the fact that they prostrated before Prophet Adam when Allah commanded
them to. In addition to this, the angels possess great powers given to them by God as they
can take on different forms. It is believed that angels can take the form of human beings
when required to communicate with the human world. For example, the angel Jibreel
appeared in human form to Miriam to give her the glad tidings of a son. In another example,
angel Jibreel came to the Holy Prophet when questioning him about his faith and message.

Additionally, several angels are mentioned by name in the Quran, with a description of
their responsibilities. Some of them are angel Jibreel, Israfeel, Mikael, Munkar and Nakeer,
Izrael, Kiramin Katibeen, and Malik.

To explain further, Jibreel is Allah's heavenly messenger to mankind. He would convey

the revelation from Allah to the Holy Prophet and all other prophets. Mikael is responsible
for rain, directing it wherever Allah wishes. He has helpers who assist him by the command
of his Lord; they direct the winds and clouds, as Allah wills. Another is responsible for
blowing the Horn, which will be blown by Israfeel at the onset of the Day of Judgment.
Izrael is responsible for taking souls out of the bodies at the time of death, Munkar and
Nakeer, are responsible for testing people in the grave. Among them are keepers of Paradise
and the nineteen 'guards' of Hell whose leader is named Malik. Kiramin Katibeen is
responsible for recording the deeds of man, good and bad. Regarding them Allah has said,
"But verily over you (are appointed angels) o protect you, kind and honourable writing
down (your deeds)." (Al-Infitar 82:10)

PRTICLES OF FAITH BOOKS

GIVE A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF MUSLIM'S BELIEF IN REVEALED
BOOKS.

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Human beings are the servants of Allah and need guidance to carry out their various
duties and responsibilities.

2. This guidance is mentioned in Books revealed to various Prophets.

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3. So, for this guidance Muslims are required to believe in the Books.
Allah says in the Holy Book:

"For We assuredly sent amongst every people an apostle (with the command)' Serve Allah
and eschew Evil."(Al-Nahl 16:36)
4.There were several revealed books but only four out of them are famous

5.The Holy Quran revealed to the Holy Prophet

6.Injil or the Gospels was revealed to Isa. The Christians failed to act upon it; they distorted
it and introduced the doctrine (policy) of trinity and redemption through crucifixion;
although Isa clearly told his followers that Allah was his and their Lord.
7.According to the Quran Injil confirms the Torah.
8.Zubur or Psalms, revealed to Daud.
9.Torah was revealed to Musa for the guidance of Bani Israel. It contained Allah's
command, warning and mercy. The original book was changed. Its followers distorted the
words of Allah. Allah says,

"they change the words from their ht) places and forget a good part of the message that was
sent."(5:13) .
10.The Qur'an also mentions the Suhuf of Ibrahim.

11. Books were also revealed messengers, who were sent at different times among different
nations having different languages.

12.The teachings contained were, the Uniqueness and Oneness of Allah, the concept of and
punishment, for one'sdeeds in the life after death..
13. All the heavenly books were from Allah and whatever Allah said in them is to be
believed in. However due to changes alternations, their originality and purity has been
brought into question.
14.The basic purpose of these books was the acknowledgment of the Oneness of Allah.

15.these books made it clear to the people that they should believe in the prophets of their
times.
16.These books also testified that all the Prophets were truthful, and they should not
differentiate among them.
17.These books also reformed the wrong beliefs of people concerning Allah's Essence, His
Messengers, books, and the life death and acts of worship.

464
18.Instead of preserving the scriptures in their memories and on tablets, they distorted
them. The outcome is that these scriptures cannot be relled upon to be the same as when
they were sent down.
19.since Islam is based on the Quran, Allah took the responsibility of preserving whatever
is contained in it. he following holy verse testifies this,

"We have sent down the Quran Ourself and We Ourself will guard It..." (15:9)
20.it is the living miracle of the Quran that no one ever produced even a verse like that of
the Quran. , unlike the other divine books which were meant for a particular community,
is a guidebook for all communities for all times to come
ANSWER:
Quran is the holy book of Islam which was given to the Holy Prophet. It contains many
references to other books Allah sent to prophets at different times in history- namely, the
Book of Abraham, the Torah to Prophet Musa, the our to Prophet Daud, and the Injil to
Prophet Isa. Belief in revealed books is the third article of faith and an essential part slamic
doctrine.
Allah says:
"But righteous is the one who believes in Allah and the last day and the angels and the
scripture."(Al Baqarah 2:177).
Each book was revealed by Allah to these messengers who then passed His words onto
their people. Allah's words are the source of guidance for the whole of mankind. All these
books brought the same message of divinity that Allah is one and only and no one should
be worshipped other than Him. With respect to this Allah says:
"For We assuredly sent amongst every people an apostle (with the commandy' Serve Allah
and eschew Evil." (Al-Nahl 16:36)
While the Book of Abraham has been entirely lost, the Zabur, the Torah, and the Injil,
according to Islam, is no longer in their state. They have been added to, cannot be traced
directly to their prophets, or were simply altered. Only the Holy Quran has been preserved
in its original state, exactly as it was revealed to Prophet Muhammad The holy Quran has
neither mentioned all of the prophets nor all of the books, however, it has mentioned the
revelations sent down Prophet Nuh, Prophet Ibrahim, Prophet Ismail, Prophet Ishaq, and
Prophet Isa. Moreover, the Quran affirms the core message present in the former books. It
verifies that each contained divine guidance and elaborates upon their beliefs.

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AtARTICLES OF FAITH BOOKS
the same time, it points out the modifications and reinforces the correct message. Hence,
the Quran, the final revelation for all of humankind until Judgment Day, was sent to
confirm, explain, and to an extent, correct the books that aireaty existed.
The four revealed books mentioned by name in the Quran are the Torah, the Zabur, the
Injil, and the Quran itself. Each holy book is greatly significant to its people, and every
Muslim must believe in them, After all, they were sent down by Allah, with one purpose
which is to guide people to His worship which enables them to lead righteous lives.
Although all four books are, by now, very different, they are still bound, as one, by the
same message that Allah is eternally, infinitely one Allah says:
"Say (0 Muslims): We believe in Allah and that which is revealed unto us and that which
was revealed unto Abraham, and Ismail, and Ishaq, and Jacob, and the tribes and that which
Moses and Jesus received, and that which the prophets received from their Lord. We make
no distinctions between any of them, and unto Him we have surre dered." (Al-Baqarah
2:136)
According to the Quran, prophet Daud was a King of Israel and a Prophet, to whom Allah
revealed the Zabur or Book of Psalms. Zabur means 'songs' in Arabic, as this revelation
came to Prophet Daud in the form of a series of songs or chants. The original text of this
holy book is no longer with us. The original message of the holy book Zabur is still
preserved in the Holy Quran because the Prophet Daud preached the concept of Tauhid.
Prophet Daud is presented as a model Musim, praising Allah, fasting, prostrating, acting
justly and fighting for the honour of Allah. Further to this, Torah was revealed to Prophet
Musa for the guidance of Bani Israel towards the right path. The Torah usually indicates
the law in the Quran: spe cifically, the Law of Moses. Many people associate the Torah
with the Torah of the Jewish falth, or the Old Testament of the Christian faith. The actual
text of this holy book has been lost or distorted; it perverted the words of Allah and changed
the meaning. In Quran, Allah Almighty says:
"They change the words from their (right) places and forget
a good part of the message that was sent." (Al-Maidah 5:13)
The Injil is the holy book of Allah that was revealed to Prophet Isa. Injil means Gospel
Book or it is often just translated as The Gospel Lid me forat many people make the mistake
of stating the toll is the new testimonial of the Bible. Nonethe less, that is far from the truth
Like many other books of Allah, the actual text of Injil is no longer available. The
Christians distorted Bible and introduced the doctrine of trinity and redemption through
crucifixion, although Prophet isa had clearly told his followers that Allah was his Lord and
their Lord and that they should worship Allah alone. That's why Muslims are not allowed
to read the injil since it has been altered. Just like other holy books of Allah, the message

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of the Injil is also pre served in the message of the Holy Quran Allah says, "And remember
Jesus the son of Mary said

"O children of Israel I am the apostle of Allah (sent) to you

confirming the Law (which came) before me and giving me
glad tidings of an Apostle to come after me whose name
shall be Ahmad." (As-Saff 61:6)
The Holy Quran is the fourth and last sacred book of Allah which was revealed to the last
Prophet Muhammad Its primary message is the message of Tauhid, the Day of Judgment,
belief in prophet hood, concept of reward and punish ment, code of morality and justice,
as well as the Suhut of brahim, and all other essentialities of life and death. The Holy Quran
is the only book of Allah that is still available in its original text. Allah has promised in the
Holy Quran that His message will be preserved forever, and 1400 years later, that is still
true. The Quran that Muslims study today is exactly the same as the one used over a
thousand years ago, and since the Quran is in Arabic, Muslims always have one, standard
ized version of it. The Holy Quran is the final book of Allah, and its core message cover
the message of all holy books of Allah.

ARTICLES OF FAITH PROPHETS

GIVE A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF MUSLIM'S BELIEF IN PROPHETS.

HIGHLIGHTS:
1.Prophets were men chosen by Allah sent from time to time with divine guidance to guide
humans to the right path
2.The Quran says, "We did not send any messenger but to be obeyed in accordance to God's
will." (ch4:V64)
3.A prophet received divine revelation and preached it, a Rasool is a prophet who received
revelation contained in script 25
4.There are total 1,24,000 prophets sent by Allah out of which 25 names are mentioned in
Quran.
4.Prophets are sinless and pious and the best in morals.

5.All messengers brought the same message of Tauhid, the last day, and piety.
6.Every nation or community had its own prophet.
7. All prophets must be respected equally because they are equal in status.

8.The holy Quran says, "And We make no distinction between one and other of His
messengers." (Ch2:V285)

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8. Prophets were given miraculous attributes such as Musa was given the miracle of staff
that turned into a snake.

9.Prophetic signs were given to other prophets as well L Holy Prophet was sent for the
whole of mankind.
10.The Holy Prophet is known as "the seal of prophets"

11.There will be no prophet after Holy Prophet

12.This is stated in the Quran
"Muhammad is the not the father of any of your men but the Messenger of Allah and seal
of prophets." (Ch33:V40)

ANSWER:
Belief in prophets who Allah chose to relay His message to humans is a required article of
islamic faith .Allah conveys his message and relates His will through prophets. They form
a link between the earthy beings and the heavens,
In the sense that Allah has picked them to deliver His message to human beings. There are
no other channels to recieve divine jgcommunnications, Muslims believe that a prophet is
a person who has received Divine revelation by angel jibrael, however, the
Revoulation was in the form a book then the prophet is called Rasool They faithfully
delivered the message, without riding hiding, or corrupting it. Rejecting a prophet is
rejecting the One who sent him, and disobeying a prophet the

One who commanded to obey him. Allah sent to every nation a prophet, mostly from
amongst them, to call them to worship Him alone and to shun false gods.:
To explain further, the prophets chosen are all sinless humans who have never disobeyed
or eraye Mah. All of the sen prophets were men, they got married had children as well, but
they never shared any ical relation with th Almighty. This shows the condemnation of the
fact that any prophet is either the son lahan belet that phet Isa is the son of Allah. In truth,
they were fully human with no divine attributes or power. They were Alan's wort slaves.
They ate, drank, slept, and lived normal human lives. They did not have the power to make
anyone soo ir message or to forgive sins and their knowledge of future was limited to what
Allah revealed to them. They ha tin running the affairs of the universe. For this reason, all
prophets spread the same message to their nation, that is, worship Allah alone and not to
associate anyone with Him. Each prophet conveyed the consistent divine message of wor
ping one God and living a morally upright life. However, the message of these prophets
was lost, or changed r time, and only parts of the original message remained intact. Allah
sent Holy Prophet as the final prophet to all of menity to restore the divine message of all

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prophets. He did not bring a new message but conveyed the same ssage as previous
prophets; those messages are still preserved today without any alteration.

Moreover, prophets were sent to a particular nation and communities and the messages
were only for the guidance of ose communities. Such as, Prophet Musa and Prophet Isa
were sent for the guidance of Bani Israel. Additional, many phets were given miraculous
attributes which distinguished them from other humans. These attributes proved to be a n
of their divinity for their community. For example, Prophet Musa was given the miracle of
the staff which turmed into nake. Correspondingly, Prophet Isa could cure the blind and
even brought forth the dead. All of the messengers were to obeyed as the Quran says:
"We did not send any messenger but to be obeyed in accordance to God's will." (ch4:V64)
The line of the prophets start from Prophet Adam, and according to a Hadith, there are 1,
24,000 prophets approximately Saud, Prophet Isa, and lastly, Prophet Muhammad Allah
chose the best among humanity to deliver His message. Guran mentions only 25 of them
by naming major individuals. These include Prophet Ibrahim, Prophet Musa, Prophet
Prophethood is not earned or acquired, as a matter of fact; Allah chooses whom He pleases
for this purpose. The chosen were the best in morals and they were mentally and physically
fit, protected by Allah Almighty from falling into cardinal, apr sins. They did not err or
commit mistakes in delivering the message. They were honest, scrupulous, and truthfu bey
must be respected equally because they are equal in status. The Holy Quran states: "And
We make no distinction between one and other of His messengers." (Ch2:V285)

ARTICLES OF FAITH PROPHETS

Muslims firmly believe the final prophet was the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, and there
will be no prophet or messen per after him, therefore, he is known as "Seal of the Prophets.
With respect to this, the Holy Quran says: Muhammad is the not the father of any of your
men but the Messenger of Allah and the seal of prophets." (Ch33:40)

To appreciate this fact, one must understand that the teachings of the last prophet are
preserved in original language in their primary sources. In the case of earlier prophets, their
scriptures were lost, or their message was corrupted to the point that truth was hardly
distinguishable from falsehood. The message of the Prophet Muhammed is universal and
preserved and will remain so till the end of time. Allah says:
"This is a Glorious Quran in a Tablet preserved."
(Ch85:V21-22)

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PARTICLES OF FAITH DAY OF JUDGEMENT
WHAT IS THE MUSLIM BELIEF ABOUT DEATH AND DAY OF JUDGEMENT?
[10]
HIGHLIGHTS:
•All Muslims must believe in death and the life after. Allah (SWT) says, "Every soul will
taste death" (3:185)
•Life will come to an end on a day appointed by Allah SWT. Day is known as Qayamah
(day of Judgement)

On this day all people will be held accountable •for whatever they have done in this world.
•The day of Judgement can be divided into •three stages: st stage-Qayamah (Dooms day)
Everything in the universe will be destroyed
Day of clamour and noise
•People will be in a state of confusion, panic and chaos
•Allah (SWT) says, "It is a day whereon Men will be like moths scattered about. And the
mountains will be carded like wool."(Al-Qariah 101:4-5)
•Everyone will be concerned about their own selves, even mothers will forget their
children. •Allah (SWT) says, "When the deafening blast is sounded that day man shall flee
from his brother, his mother, and his father."(Al-Abas 80:33-35)
•Sun will be folded up

•Stars will lose their light and scatter away

•Earth will rent asunder
•Mountains will be blown away and will be like carded wool.

•Allah (SWT) says, "One Day We shall remove the mountains and you will see the earth
as a level stretch" (20:10) Oceans will boil over and burst forth
• All will die.

•Allah (SWT) says, "Every soul must taste of death" (Al-Anbiyaa 21:35) Souls will rest
in state of Barzakh till day of Resurrection.
•Allah (SWT) says, "Before them is a partition (Barzakh) till the day they are raised
up."(Al-Muminun 22:100)
2nd stage-Resurrection

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•Second trumpet will be blown, and everyone will be resurrected; Men, Angels, Jinns,
beasts, birds A new world will emerge with a new sky

All lived on Earth will come back to life. This is called HASHR.
•Allah (SWT) says, "You were lifeless, and He gave you life and He will cause you to die
and will bring you again to life ."(2:28)

3rdstage-Final Judgment
•All people will come forth in the court of Allah They will be judged according to their
actions and deeds

•Allah (SWT) says, "We shall set up scales of justice for the day of judgement so that not
a soul will be dealt with justly in the least. And if there be (no more than) the weight of a
mustard seed We will bring it to account ."(Al-Anbyaa:42)

•As-Siraat (The Bridge) will be laid across hell and Prophet Muhammad will be the first
among the Prophets to cross it.
•Those emerging successful in their Judgement will be granted paradise .

•Allaah (SWT) says, "Then he whose scales are heavy shall be in state of bliss and he
whose scales are light shall have deep pit for his dwelling."(Al-Qariah 101:9-10)

ANSWER:
Death is one of the certain things in a life of a person, whether a believer or a non-Muslim.
However, Mustime believe it ne fe after death, the resurrection day. Accountability before
Allah emphasizes upon the purpose of huren beings Alsh has stated, "Every soul will taste
death" (3:185).
The whole universe and mankind will come to an end on a day chosen by Allah; a Muslim
prepares for this day his entire the and to be finally judged for his conduct on earth. That
day is also known as the "Gayamah". Every person will be pre sented before God for his
actions and that will be the day whan he will get rewards or punishments according to his
deedsARTICLES OF FAITH DAY OF JUDGEMENT
Therefore, belief in the day of Judgement is what stops a Muslim from wrongdoing and
this belief is also the basis for all other beliefs such as belief in Prophets and books.

There are some signs and signals that Allah has told about that day, The Onyamah day will
be divided into three phases The first one is known as the Qayamah/ Doomsday. That will
be the day that every single soul, every living or non-living thing including the earth and
the mountains will shatter and get destroyed by the will of Allah. "It is a day whereon Men
will be like moths scattered about. And the mountains will be carded like wool."(Al-Qariah
101:4-5)

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The earth will shake dynamically and there will be loud noise. Everything will be
destructed causing panic and turmoil so much so that no one will help anyone, even the
mothers will leave their infants. Allah (SWT) says, "When the deafening blast is sounded
that day man shall flee from his brother, his mother, and his father, "(Al-Abas 80:33-35).
The earth will crack open engulfing everything inside, the sun will come so close to the
earth that it would almost melt things and make the oceans boil and bubble up. The
mountains will become so soft and the stars will have no light that they will be lost. Alleh
(SWT) says, "One Day We shall remove the mountains and you will see the earth as a level
stretch."(20:100.)
No one will survive, Allah (SWT) says, "Every soul must taste of death" (Al-Anbiyaa
21:35)

Everyone's soul who has died will be entered into a waiting period between death and
resurrection, called as Barzakh. Allah (SWT) says, "Before them is a partition (Barzakh)
till the day they are raised up."(Al-Muminun 23:100.

Upon Allah's command Angel Israfeel will blow the second trumpet known as "Soor", this
will bring everyone back to life. The bodies will transform again, and they will become
alive-even the earth and the sky will be renewed. This is the second stage as the Allah
(SWT) says, "You were lifeless, and He gave you life and He will cause you to die and will
bring you again to life."(2:28).

The third and the last stage is the day of Judgement (al Yawm al Qayamah) where people
will assemble before Allah to answer for their deeds and to get their results. The balance
will be set up to weigh the deeds, the good and the bad. All the records of the life spent on
earth will be opened and the person will be informed of their sins and the good deeds. Allah
says, "And the Book (of Deeds) will be placed (before you); and you will see the sinful in
great terror because of what is (recorded) therein." (18:49) and Allah also says, "We shall
set up scales of justice for the day of judgement so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly
in the least. And if there be (no more than) the weight of a mustard seed We will bring it
(to account)."(Al-Anbiyaa:42.

Another test would be the passing of As-Siraat (The Bridge) set up across hell, which will
be thinner than the hair and sharper than the blade. Allah will make the righteous people
pass it with ease Prophet Muhammad will be the first among the Prophets to cross it with
his followers. People who will gain Allah's mercy and had their deeds placed in their right
hands (had more good deeds) will be given eternal access to paradise Allah (SWT) says,
"Then he whose scales are heavy shall be in state of bliss and he whose scales are light
shall have a deep pit for his dwelling."(Al-Qariah 101:9-10)
The rest of the people will be sent to hell to be punished for their wrongdoings. That day
no one will escape the justice of Allah, for he is the most Supreme and exalted. Paradise

472
will be the final and eternal dwelling place of the righteous and hell will be for those who
were wrongdoers and damned.

B. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE IN HAVING THE BELIEF IN DAY OF

JUDGEMENT FOR THE MUSLIMS? [4]
HIGHLIGHTS:
•Fundamental component of faith of a believer
•Believers will strive hard in this world to do as many good deeds for the pleasure of their
Creator so that they can meet Him in the life after.

• Believers will live their life according to the rules laid down in Islam.They will refrain
from all vices and shirk
•They will fulfil both, rights of Allah and rights of fellow beings.

RTICLES FAITH DAY OF JUDGEMENT

Allah created mankind with a purpose, which is to have complete faith in Him and follow
His teachings sent through His ks and the Prophets. This belief is at the heart of Islam
which shows the direct relation between a person's acts and nducts in this life and the
hereafter. A believer gets ready for the next life by following Allah's guidelines and being
right and not associating partners with him, Having this purpose of getting the reward of
Paradise and bliss is what kes a believer strive hard for its preparation.
this belief that makes a person believe in other beliefs (the Prophets, the books, and the
angels) as well. The fear of ng questioned for everything on the judgement day is what
makes a Muslim follow the guidance provided in the Quran en surely, We shall question
those (people) to whom It (the book) was sent and, verily, We shall question themes
ngers"(Al-A'raf 7:6-7)
Person who believes in this day will pray five times a day and perform all his obligatory
duties. He will live his life accord to the Sunnah and the Quran, refraining from prohibited
things and having patience. This fear instilled in him for being own in the hell on the final
day will make a person kind, patient and steadfast in his religious, social and other duties
des both to Allah and his people. The fear of accountability, the hope of meeting the
Creator, and the hope of getting into adise Muslims to live life according to rules of Allah.
Allah says, "O you who believe! Fear Allah, and let every soul consider what it has
forwarded for the tomorrow (The y of Judgement), and fear Allah. Allah is aware of what
you do)." Surah: 59, Verse: 18.

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ARTICLES OF FAITH PRE DESTINATION & FREEWILL
Q. WHAT DOES THE STATEMENT "THERE IS NO ABILITY OR POWER
EXCEPT THROUGH ALLAH" TELL ABOUT MUSLIM BELIEF IN ALLAH,
PRE-DESTINATION AND FREEWILL.
HIGHLIGHTS:
Bellef in the Divine Decree is mentioned in the Imaan-e-Mufassil
This means that everything, good or bad, is decided by Allah, is an article of faith and
without this our faith is not complete.

Faith in predestination means that the Most High Allah has decreed all things; whatever
happens in the world whether
it is concerning the conditions and operations of things or the happenings in our lives is
decided by Allah. • The belief in Divine predestination includes belief in:
1.Allah is the creator of everything. According to the Muslim faith, Allah is the sole Creator
and Cherisher of the universe. His power is not limited in any sphere. The Quran says:
"Allah is the Creator of all things and He is the Guardian over all things" (39:62).
2. Allah knows everything: what has, is and will happen. Therefore, it will not be wrong to
say that He not only has knowl edge of each and every affair of the entire universe but also
all the matters and occurrences are under His control.
"...He knows what is in front of them and what is behind them..." (2:255)

. 3. Whatever Allah wills, happens and whatever He wills not, does not happen. We
ourselves can see the Divine Will in many objects and phenomena around us. The Quran
invites us to appreciate by saying:

"It is not permitted to the sun to catch up to the moon, nor can the night outstrip the day,
each just swims along in its own orbit (according to the DivineWill) (36:40).
These are demonstrations of Allah's unlimited power and command Similarly, man, the
most supreme creation of Allah is no exception to this Divine Will
Humans have been granted liberty and free will, but at the same time they are submissive
to the laws of nature. Allah has predestined the span of every person's life, their share of
good and ill fortune and the fruits of their efforts in accordance with His eternal knowledge.
This is to say that He has designed the things as they were to take place in this world and
in the life to come. No one is forced to do a certain thing because of its predestination

Allah has given every human the ability to do good or bad in life People decide what to do,
but Allah has knowledge of our deeds even before we were created.

474
While Allah has given free choice to people, man has also been shown the correct way by
means of revelation through His prophets.

Man has the final choice to accept or decline this Divine guidance. His choice rests on his
will

ANSWER:
The belief in predestination and divine decree an important article of faith without which
a Muslim's faith is incomplete. The idea of divine providence also known as the divine
decree or predestination states that everything has already been decreed by the Allah from
eternity. This has been mentioned in Imaan-e-Mufassil which says, "I believe in Allah, in
His angels, in His books, in His messengers, in the last day and in the fact that everything
good or bad is decided by Allah, the Almighty, and in life after death." To explain further,
predestination or fate means that Allah is the one who has destined everything that is
happening in this universe. Allah knows what is happening or what will happen in the earth
and in the heaven. Nothing can happen without the knowing of Allah. The statement in
Imaan-e-Mufassil strengthens this belief by reminding us of Allah's power and authority
over all that exists.
The term for divine providence in Islam is Qadr which literally means the decree and the
measure. It is a combination of two terms, which signifies the dual aspects of destiny. The
word Oadr implies the measuring of something or fixing a limit to it; it has a same root
word with Qadir, one of Allah's names which mean All Powerful. By keeping this in mind,
we realize the Omnipotence and Omniscience, His Powerfulness and Supremacy and that
nothing can take place without His will. This has been stated in Ayat-ul-Kursi: "To Him
belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth." Additionally, it also mentions
about Allah's Supreme knowledge and His knowledge owes no limitation. Not only this,
Allah is completely aware of what has happened, what is happening, and what will happen.
Allah has the power to decide the outcomes of the events Defore they occur. This is what
predestination actually means. Allah already has the knowledge of the future, for example,
Prophet was predestined, and Allah sent angel Gabriel to Miriam to give her the glad tidings
of the birth of a son. The Quran mentions this as:
"It is a matter already decreed."(19:19-21)
Not only this, Allah's predestination is shown in the Battle of Badr; the victory of Muslims
was already predestined about hich Allah said:
matter already enacted." (8:45)

ARTICLES OF FAITH PRE DESTINATION & FREEWILL

Akin to this, everything regarding a human being his birth, death, shape or appearance,
amount of livelihood is already decided by Allah Almighty. Everything that will or has

475
happened on earth is due to the planning and of Allah. Everything also directs it to its
destined end, in comparison to Allah's knowledge of the universe, a human has a limited
amount of knowledge and cannot compete with Him under any circumstances. Thus, they
should act upon Allah's will and understand mat Allah solely is the Master of their fate.
Many important events have already been destined; the time of their arrival is only in
Allah's knowledge. For example, the Day of Judgment and its events which will take place
in the future have already een decided by Allah. He says:
" And when the earth flattened out, and casts forth what is
within it and becomes (clean) empty." (84:3-4)
Other than predestination, the concept of free will also come into the light. This is the whole
purpose of life; the great test oncluding at the Day of Judgment would not make sense
unless the judgment was just and meaningful. Hence, Allah dele ated will to humankind to
be used in the service of good. Our will is free will in the sense that we are not forced to
do what we do. We are rewarded or punished in the Hereafter based upon what we did with
our God-given will. Allah has hown humans the path of right and wrong, gave them the
option to choose between them, and made them responsible their actions. The Prophet
Muhammad said. This world is the cultivating ground for hereafter."

An example of free will is demonstrated at the time when Hazrat Ali was travelling and
asked a Bedouin to take care of orse and saddle as he wanted to perform his Salat. Hazrat
All thought he would give the Bedouin fifty dirham for taking are of the horse. When he
returned, he realized that the Bedouin stole his saddle, so he went to the market to buy a
new re. Over there he found his own stolen saddle and asked about it. The shopkeeper
informed that one Bedouin sold this saddle to him for fifty dirham to which Hazrat Ali
smiled and said how unlucky the Bedouin was who turned his Halal Into Haram out of his
free will.
Thus, what we decide to do with our God-given will determine the late that Allah assigns
to us. The essence of the matter that good deeds lead to a good ending, and evil deeds lead
to an evil ending

BELIEFS IN ARTICLES OF FAITH REFERENCE

REFERENCE:
1)0 you who believe! Believe in Allah and his Apostle and the scripture which He has sent
to his apostle and the scripture which he sent allow denies Allah His Angles, his books Hit
Apostles and the Day of Judgment has surly wandered for astray" (Al Nisa 4:136)
2) It is righteousness to believe in Allah and the Last Day and the angles and the book and
the messengers (Al Baqarah 2:177)
Tauhid-The Oneness and Unity of Allah

476
3) Say He is Allah the one and only Allah the Eternal the Absolute He begets not nor is he
begotten and there is none like him (Alhi 122:1-4

4) And your Allah is one Allah there is no god but he the most gracious, the most merciful
(Al Baqarah 2:163)
5) He is the First He is the last He is the Manifest he is the Hidden (Al Hadid 57: 3)

6) Allah there is no God but he the living the self-subsisting Eternal No Slumber can seize
him nor sleep his are all the things on heavens and he feels no fatigue in querding or
preserving them as he is the most high, the supreme in glory (Al Baqarah 2:225)

7) You do we worship, and you do we ask for help (Al Fatiha 1:4)
8)O you people! Worship guardian lord who created you and those who came before you
that you may have the chance to learn righteousness(2:21)

9) "I have only created the jinn and men that they may serve me." (Adh-Dhariyat 51:56)
10) "There is nothing whatever like unto him and he is the one who hears and sees all
things." (Al-Shura 42:11)."

11) "He, who created the seven heavens one above another, no want of proportion will you
see in the creations of Alah, Most Gracious, so turn your vision again, will you see any
flow? (Al-Muk 67:3)

12) "it is not permited to the sun to catch up with the moon nor can night outstrip the day,
each just swim along in its own orbit according tO law( yasin 36:40).

13) "Verily all things have we created in proper proportion and measure." (Al-Damer
54:49)
14) "Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him, but He forgives anything
else to whom He pleases." (Al-Nisa 4:48)
15) "if there were in Heavens and on earth other gods beside Allah, there would have been
confusion in both...." (Al-Anbiys 21:22)

16) "Allah is the creator of AS things, and He is the Guardian over all things (Al-Zamr
39:62)
17) Allah (Himself) Gears withess that there is no god but He and so on the angels and the
possessors of knowledge, upholding justice, there is no God But He, the mighty, the wise
(A-Imran 3-18)
18) "Say. He is Aish, the creatos of All things, and He is the one, the Almighty (A Fadd
13:16)

477
19) Allah is He who created the heavens and the earth, and causes water to descend from
the sky, thereby producing frults as food for you (Ibrahim 14:32)

20) "Whoever foins others gods with Allan Allah will forbid Him in the Garden and fire
will be his abode there will for the wrongdoers be no (Al-Maida 5:72)
21) "Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him (Bani israel 17:2)

22 "Shall I seek for you a god other than the true God, when is Allah who has endowed
you with gifts above the nations." (Al-Araat 7:140
23) "How can he have a son when He has no consort? (Al-An'am 8:101)

24) "They say. "Allah most Gracious has begotten's sont indeed you have pot forth thing
most monstroust" (Mariam 19: 88-89)
25) "To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth is he who gives life and
causes Death, and He has power over all things
(Al-Hadid 57:1-2)
26) "Shirk is the greatest of all sins." (Hadith)

27) Adore not the sun and the moon, but adore Allah who created them, if it is Him you
wish serve::Al Fussilat 41:37)
28) "No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision. "(Al-An'am 6:103)28) "No
vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision. "(Al-Ana'am 6:103)

ANGELS
who created them, if it is Him you wish serve:(A) Fussilat 41:37)
29) "Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and apostles to Gabriel and Michael tol
Allah is an enemy to those who reject faith." - 30) "Those who are near to your Lord disdain
not to do Him worship. They celebrate His praises and bow down before Him." (Al-Ara1
7:200) 31) "But verily over you (are appointed angels) to protect you kind and honorable
writing down your deed's" (Al-Infitar 82:11)

32) "And we have appointed only angles to be wardens of the Fire." (Al-Mudassir 74:31)
33) "He doth send down His angels with Inspiration of His command to such of His
servants as He please..." (Al-Nahl 16:2)

DIVINE BOOKS
34) "We believe in Allah and the revelation given to us and to Abraham, Ismail, Isaac,
Jacob and the tribes and that given to Moses and Jesus and he to all prophets from their
Lord...." (Al-Baqarah 2:136)

478
35) "they change the words from their right place and forget a good part of the message
that was sent." (Al-Maidah 5:13)

36) "And remember Jesus the son of Mary said "O children of Israell am the apostle of
Allah sent to you confirming the law which came be giving glad tidings of an apostle to
come after me whose name shall be Ahmad." (As-Saff 51:6)

37) "This is a Glorious Quran in a preserved Tablet." (Al-Buruj 85:21-2)

38) "This day have perfected your religion for you, completed my favors upon you and
chosen for you Islam as your religion." (Al-Maidah 5:5 39) "We have without doubt
revealed the reminder and we will guard it from corruption." (Al-Hijr 15:9)
40) "B (0 men) you prefer the life of this world, although the life to come is better and more
enduring. Verity all this has indeed been said in

Trolls- the scrolls of Ibrahim and Musa." (Al Aala 87: 16-19)
41)."This is indeed a Quran most honorable in a Book well-guarded, which none shall
touch but those who are clean: a revelation from the Lord

(Al-Waqia 56: 77-80) BELIEFS IN ARTICLES OF FAITH REFERENCE

42) "It was we who revealed the Torah, in which was guidance and light." (Al-Maida 5:44)
43)"We sent Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming the Torah that had come before him We
sent him with the Gospel, in which was guidance and light".(Maida 5:46)
44) "To you we sent the scripture in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it and
guarding in safety" Al Maida 5:48)
45) "And before this was the book of Moses as a guide and a mercy and this Book is
confirming in Arabic tongue" (Al-Ahqaf 4:12)

46) "And We made some of the prophets to excel others, and we gave to David the Psalms."
(Al-lera 17:55)
47) "It's is no less than a message for all creatures." (Yusuf 12:104)

48) "Say, the Holy Spirit has brought it from your Lord in truth in order to strengthen those
who believes, and as a guide and glad tidings to Muslim." (Al-Nahi 6:102) 9)
49) "For we have certainly sent unto them a Book on knowledge we explained in detail a
guide and a mercy to all who believe" (A4-Tal 7:52)
50) "A revelation from Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most merciful. A book where of the
verses are explained in detall Quran in Arabic for people who under stand and.Giving good

479
news and Admonition: yet most of them turn away and so they hear not." (Al-Fussilat
41:35)

51) "Verily this is a Revelation from the Lord of the worlds." (Ash-Shura 26:192)
52) "This is the book: in it guidance sure, without doubt, to those who fear Allah, who
believe in the unseen, are steadfast in prayer and spend out of what have provided for them,
and who believe in the revelation sent to thee and sent before thy time, and in their hearts
have the assurance of the Hereafter
They are so true guidance from their lord, and it is these who will prosper." (Al-Baqarah
2:2-5)
53) "And we bestowed the Zabur on Dawood." (Al Nisa 4:163)
54) "And if you are in some doubt concerning what We sent down upon Our chosen
servant, then bring one chapter like t, and call upon all our helpers esides Allah, if you are
truthful.

Prophets
1.For We assuredly sent amongst every people an Apostle (with the Command) serve Allah
and eschew Evil." (Al-Nahl 16 36)
2. "We sent not a messenger, but to be obeyed in accordance with the will of Allah (AH-
Nisa 4.64)
3."O assembly of Jinns and humans! Did there not come to you messengers from amongst
you forth to you my signs and warning you of the meeting of this Day of yours (Al-An'am
6:130)
4.It is He who has sent His Apostle with Guidance and the Religion of Truth that he may

alm It over all religion even though the pagans May detest It" (Al Saff 619)
5."And for every nation there is a messenger. Younus 10:47)
6."We sent an apostle except to teach in the language of his own people in order to make

clear to them." (brahim 14:4)

7. "Such is Allah's bounty; He grants it to whoever He wills (Al-Jumah 62 4)
8. "Your Companion is neither astray nor is being misled Nor does he say (aught) of his
own desire: it is no less them inspiration sent down to NM (Al-najam53:2-4)
9."We have sent you (0 Muhammad)except as a mercy far, all creatures Al-Anbiya 21:107)
10) "It is not conceivable that a prophet should deceive people (Al-e-Imraan 3:161)

480
 11) "And. even before your time, we never sent (as Our apostle) any but men wham We
inspired

from among. the people of the very communities to whom the message was to be brought
(Yusut 12:109)
12) 'Md, we send the messengers only as heralds of glad tidings and as Warner's." (Al-
Ana'am 6)
13) "O children of Adam! whenever there comes to you Apostles of your awn; rehearsing
My signs to you, then all who are cancion's of Me, and live righteously-no fear need they
have, and neither shall they grieve." (Al-A'ret 7:35)
(14) "And we gave (to Abraham) Isaac, and Jacob and ordained among his descendants.
prophethood and books." (Al-Ankabut 29:27)

(15) "We make no distinction between one and another of His messengers." (Al-Baqarah
2:285) 16."Muhammad is not the father of any your men, but he is the messenger of-Allah
and the seal of the Prophets." (Al-Ahzsb.33:40)
17. "There is no prophet after me." (Hadith Agreed)
18 ."Every Prophet who preceded me was sent especially to his own people, but have been
sent.as a prophet to all mankind," (Bukhari)

19) And we have not sent you (Muhammad!) save as a bringer of good tidings and a Warner
to all the mankind." "(Saba 34:28)

RESSURECTION AND THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT

REFERENCE:
(13) "Any, who believe in Allah and the Last Day and work ich win the hall have their
reward with their Lord." (Al-Baqarah 2:62)
(14) "The Day of Noise and Glamour..., it is a Day when men will be like moths scattered:
about, and the Mountains will be like carded, wool(101:4-5)

15) He whose balance of good deeds will be heavy will be in a life of good pleasure and
satisfaction. But he whose balance of good deeds will be find to be light will have his home
in a bottomless pit." (Al-Qariah 101: 6-9) When the deafening. blast is sounded that day
man shall flee from his brother, his mother, his father: (Abbas:33.85),
(16) "Every soul shalt taste death." (Al Anbiya 21:35)
(17) "Before them is a partition (Barzakh) till the Day they are raised up."(Al-Muminun
23: 100)

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(18) 'Does man think that we cannot assemble his bones? Nay, we are able to put together
in perfect order the very tips of his fingers." (Al-Qaymah 75_4)

(19) "You were lifeless, and He gave your life and He will cause you to die and will bring
you again to life." (Al-Baqarah 2:28)
(20) And the book of deeds will be placed before you and you will see the sinful in great
terror because of what-is recorded therein -
(21) And he who has done; an atom's weight of good shall see it and he who has done an
atom's weight of bad Shalt see It". (Al kariah:7-8. )

22) The sun will be brought near the creation on the resurrection day so: much: so that it
will be
from them like the distance of a mile: People will remain in perspiration. in proportion to
their deeds." (Hadith: Muslim).
23) 'O our Lord! Forgive me, my parents and bel
ievers on the Day When the reckoning, will be set Up.":(Abraham:14:41)

(24) When a man dies, his abode in next life is brought before him: morning and evening,
in Paradise if he is one of the inmates of paradise, and in Fire if he is one of the inmates:
of hell. (Hadith Muslim)

(25) One day; the Earth will be changed to a different Earth and so, wilt: be the> Heavens."
(Abraham IA: 48)

(26) "Every soul will be Paid in full the fruit of its deed and Allah knows. best, all they do
(AZ-Zumar 39:10)

ALLAH'S PREDESTINATION AND DECREE HASSAA REFERENCE

REFERENCE:
(1) Verily all things have we created in 'proportion and measure." (Al-Qamar 54:49)
(2) "No misfortune can happen on Earth or in your souls but is recorded in a decree before
we bring it into existence, that is truly easy for Allah." (Al-Hadid 57:22)
(3) "Man can have nothing but what he, strives for." (An-Najam 53:39)
(4) "Bear in mind that if all people combine together to grant you some benefit, they would
not be able to do so except that which Allah has determined for you, and if all of them
would combine together to do you harm, they what Except that which Allah has determined
for you." (Hadith: Tirmidhi)

(5) "The pens have been set aside and the writings of the book of fate have become dry

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(Hadith: Tirmidhi)
(6) "Allah recorded the fates of all creatures 50000 years before creating the heavens and
the Earth, and His Throne was upon the waters." (Hadith: Sahih Muslim)
(7) "Allah has pre-ordained five things for every Man He has created, his period of life, his
actions, his lying down, his moving h (Musnad Ahmed)

(8) "Your predecessors perished only when they argued about Allah's decree. adjure you
not to argue about it." (Sunen Tirmidhi)
9) "Surely, we have shown him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful (vests on his
will)." (76: 3)
10) "Be satisfied with what Allah has apportioned for you, you will be the richest of
people." (Susan Tirmizi).

11) " "Give glad tidings to those who are patient in adversity, who, when calamity befalls
them, say: "Verily to Allah do we belong and we shall
Return to him(Al-18aclarah 2; 155)

12) may be that you dislike a thing while it is good for you, and it may be that you love. a
thing while it is evil for you, and Allah knows,whereas you do to know."
(Al-Baqarah 2:216)

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