Chapter 28 Study Guide

Section one:
1. President Truman’s policy of providing economic and military aid ( to any country
threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.
2. America offered $13 billion in aid ( to all of Europe)
3. A policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power
or ideology ( or to force it to negotiate peacefully) .
4. Removing Nazis from official positions and giving up any allegiance to Nazism ( Social
Process)
5. A nuclear attack by one superpower would be met with an overwhelming nuclear
counterattack ( Both the attacker and the defender would be annihilated)
6. An alliance of countries from Europe and North America ( It provides a unique link
between these two continents)
7. A collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet
satellite states (in Central and Eastern Europe.)
8. The reestablishment of a happy relationship or arrangement ( A peace treaty between
warring nations is a kind of rapprochement)
9. The process whereby colonial rule dissolved in the periphery and in the metropole ( with
its various political, economic, cultural and social dimensions.
10. Was a system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa and
South west Africa ( from 1948 to the early 1900s)
11. The communist party in each country held a complete monopoly of political power.
12. An end to the role of large- scale forced labor in the economy ( the process of freeing
Gulag prisoners)
13. A foreign laborer working temporarily in an industrialized ( Usually European ) society
14. An acceptance of political responsibility for levels and conditions of employment, social
protections for all citizens, social inclusion, and democracy ( Practiced throughout
Europe)
15. Someone can be subject to only one country’s social security laws at a time ( Principle of
Equal treatment or non-discrimination)
16. A system that provides the entire population with comprehensive medical care through
funds mandated and regulated by the government ( compulsory national insurance
system)
17. Post - World War II art movement ( in American painting)
18. An art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United states (during the
mid - to late - 1950s)
19. Defined by anxiety and uncertainty about the future and the present, about existing (
response to trauma from the world wars)
Section 2:
H One of the sobering experiences of the Cold War was the Cuban missile crisis.
I The intended audience is the general public.
P The purpose of this memoir was to try to release some tension between the two great powers.
P From the leaders perspective, the missiles were hidden there for the good of Cubans, they did
not mean to start a War.
H West Germany focused primarily on rebuilding the country after World War II.
I The Intended audience are German Students .
P The purpose of this excerpt is to explain the events in Nazi Germany
P Everyone should share in the responsibility and must be prepared to make sacrifices
H An important figure in the emergence of the postwar women’s liberation movement was
Simone De Beauvoir
I The intended audience is men and women who think women are lesser than men.
P To explain how women were forced into a position subordinate to men
P In every part of society whether it is social, political, or economic, a man has more advantages
than a woman. It has gone so far that women and men can be easily defined as different caste
systems.

Section 3
1. Each side’s understanding of the other is pretty accurate as it is based on historical
events. Each analysis is believable to an extent because they both point out how each
country started off and how they are doing.
2. According to the map, Five countries shared a border with one or more Warsaw pact
countries. This included Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Turkey.
3. A significant characteristic shared by a majority of countries that gained independence
from 1975 and onward is that they were all near bodies of waters. Another thing was that
they were surrounded by French presence.
4. There were four Middle eastern countries that were major oil producers. These included
Iran, Kuwait, Qatar, and Iraq.
5. The presence of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union helps explain why
Korea has had difficulty maintaining complete independence throughout much of its
history. This was mainly due to the fact that both of those countries practiced
communism.
6. The increase in cities and the new standard of living due to the industrial revolution led
to the appeal and the practicality of the supermarket. The pictures show us how
influential the United States were in culture and Economics.
Section 4:
1. This selection tells us how violent, cruel, biased, and unequal the European colonial
regimes were. This led to the anti- European sentiment expressed by the Algerian boys.
2. Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin signaled a new period in Soviet history. There was
an increased availability of consumer goods, innovations limited to military and space
technology.
3. Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe was similar to European Imperialism in Africa and Asia
because both wanted control. It was different because the Soviet Union ruled their own
people, they did not go to foreign land to enforce their policies.
Section 5:
1. The Cold War was developed in the last years of WWII and it changed relations between
the two sides after the war. Historians have debated for a long time what the cause of
the Cold war was but a lot of them blamed Stalin “ whose determination to impose Soviet
rule on Eastern Europe…aroused justifiable fears of Communist expansion in the West”.
 Nobody wanted that because it would upset the balance of power. Historians also blame
both the U.S. and the Soviet Union altogether. Both sides were not going to give up the
power they earned through Germany’s defeat and they both “ soon raised their mutual
fears to a level of intense competition” (28-1a) . Two sides with two very different political
systems had the same agenda.
2. The Cold War affected politics and Diplomacy. “ The United States and Great Britain had
championed self-determination and democratic freedom for the liberated nations of
Eastern Europe”(28-1a). These plans were opposed by the Soviet Union which could
only be fixed through a war. Doctrines were made like the Truman Doctrine made by
president Harry Truman. “ The Truman Doctrine said, in essence, that the United States
would provide financial aid to countries that claimed they were threatened by Communist
expansion, “ (28-1a). This plan threatened the Soviet Union as the congress agreed to
provide $400 million in economic and military aid for Greece and Turkey.